EP2416329A1 - Noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence et procédé de fabrication d'un noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence - Google Patents

Noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence et procédé de fabrication d'un noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence Download PDF

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EP2416329A1
EP2416329A1 EP10172135A EP10172135A EP2416329A1 EP 2416329 A1 EP2416329 A1 EP 2416329A1 EP 10172135 A EP10172135 A EP 10172135A EP 10172135 A EP10172135 A EP 10172135A EP 2416329 A1 EP2416329 A1 EP 2416329A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic core
tape
heat treatment
ppm
magnetic
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EP10172135A
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German (de)
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EP2416329B1 (fr
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Jörg Dr. Petzold
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Vaccumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Vaccumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to EP10172135.5A priority Critical patent/EP2416329B1/fr
Priority to JP2013522339A priority patent/JP2013532910A/ja
Priority to CN201180038894.8A priority patent/CN103069512B/zh
Priority to PCT/IB2011/053515 priority patent/WO2012017421A1/fr
Priority to US13/814,457 priority patent/US20130214893A1/en
Publication of EP2416329A1 publication Critical patent/EP2416329A1/fr
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Publication of EP2416329B1 publication Critical patent/EP2416329B1/fr
Priority to US15/214,138 priority patent/US10892090B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0213—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15308—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals based on Fe/Ni
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/25—Magnetic cores made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/04—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0213—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s)
    • H01F41/0226—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s) from amorphous ribbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic core for low-frequency applications from a spirally wound, soft magnetic, nanocrystalline tape, which should be suitable in particular for use in residual current circuit breakers (FI-switches).
  • FI-switches residual current circuit breakers
  • Residual current circuit breakers are used to protect people and equipment against electric shock.
  • the energy required to operate the release triggering the cut-out must be provided solely by the fault current.
  • Protective currents of 300 mA, 500 mA or 1000 mA are typical for device protection.
  • the tripping current must not exceed 30 mA.
  • Special personal protection switches even have triggering thresholds of 10 mA.
  • the switches must work properly in the range between -5 ° C and 80 ° C. For switches with increased requirements, the working range is between -25 ° C and 100 ° C.
  • AC-sensitive RCCBs must have the required sensitivity for sinusoidal fault currents. They must reliably trigger both sudden and slowly increasing fault currents, which places certain demands on the eddy current behavior of the material.
  • the residual current transformer is bipolar controlled. in the Falling residual current must at least be sufficient for its secondary voltage in order to trigger the magnet system of the release.
  • a material is required which has the highest possible permeability at the operating frequency of typically 50 Hz.
  • pulse current-sensitive RCD switches must reliably trip even with single or full wave rectified currents with and without phase control and with superimposed DC component, regardless of the current direction. Because of the high remanence induction, round loop converters have only a small unipolar induction swing, which may make the delivered trip voltage too small for pulsed fault currents. This leads to the increased use of flat-core transducer cores which, while having a high unipolar induction stroke, have significantly lower permeabilities than those with a circular loop.
  • the tripping power to be applied by the converter core should be as high as possible.
  • the main influencing factors here are the geometry of the core and the magnetic material properties in combination with the technological refinement of the material, for example by a heat treatment.
  • NiFe alloys made of NiFe alloys.
  • the high-permeability 75-80% NiFe materials also called “ ⁇ -metal” or “permalloy” with a round or flat loop were particularly well suited for sensitive personal protection switches. These materials have a saturation induction of about 0.8 T and achieve maximum permeabilities of 300,000 and more.
  • the dynamic properties for transmitting harmonic content in non-sinusoidal fault currents are not ideal.
  • causes are the relatively high band thicknesses of 50 to 150 microns and the relatively low resistivity of 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ m.
  • the setting of a corresponding behavior of the temperature coefficient requires a cost-consuming effort in the heat treatment.
  • nanocrystalline FeCuNbSiB materials have become established in pulse current sensitive FI switches. Important advantages are the high saturation induction of approx. 1.2 T, the excellent linearity of the F-loop (flat Hysteresis loop) of ⁇ 4 / ⁇ 15 0.65-0.95 with a widely adjustable ⁇ -level of more than 100,000. In addition, these materials have excellent dynamic properties, which can be attributed to a small band thickness of 15-30 microns and a relatively high resistivity of 1.1 ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.3 ⁇ m. On such materials refers to the DE 42 10 748 C1 ,
  • the magnetization process of Z loops is based on wall displacement processes whose activation requires a minimum field strength dependent on the respective material, the small signal permeability, in particular the initial permeability, such as ⁇ 1 , is particularly low there.
  • the frequency response of the permeability and the behavior in fast magnetization processes are not optimal, since due to pronounced eddy current anomalies takes place already in the low frequency range, a strong decrease in permeability.
  • such cores are not well suited for small fault current signals.
  • Such magnetic cores are usually subjected to a heat treatment in the magnetic field. If these are to be operated economically, the nuclei for the heat treatment are too pile. Due to the spatial dependence of the demagnetization factor of a cylinder, the stacked nuclei experience a magnetization that is spatially dependent in the axial direction, even in weak stray fields such as the earth's field. This leads to strong location-dependent scattering of the magnetic properties in the necessarily very small magnetic field-induced anisotropies for the application under consideration. These manifest themselves, for example, in permeability dispersions, which make considerable sorting and finishing work necessary in manufacturing practice. In addition, the dead weight of the stacked cores leads to a superimposed asymmetric magnetomechanically induced gear of the magnet values along the stack.
  • the starting material of these alloys is produced by melt spinning technology as a first amorphous band.
  • the wound toroidal cores are subjected to a heat treatment in which the amorphous state turns into a nanocrystalline two-phase structure with excellent soft magnetic properties.
  • An important prerequisite for the industrial realization of highest permeability values over a wide field strength range from 1 mA / cm to over 50 mA / cm is a minimization of the magnetostriction (saturation magnetostriction) to values
  • the alloy spectrum is limited, on the other hand, in the heat treatment, the crystallization temperature for the generation and maturation of the nanorod is alloy-specifically adapted so that the volume fraction of the nanocrystalline phase with low, occasionally even negative magnetostriction is formed so strong that the high positive magnetostriction of the amorphous residual phase compensated as best as possible.
  • a magnetic core for low frequency applications is provided from a spirally wound, soft magnetic, nanocrystalline ribbon, wherein the ribbon is substantially the alloy composition Fe remainder CO a Cu b Nb c Si d B e C f wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are in atomic percent and 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1; 0.7 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.4; 2, 5 ⁇ c ⁇ 3.5; 14.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 16.5; 5, 5 ⁇ e ⁇ 8 and 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 1 and cobalt may be wholly or partly replaced by nickel, wherein the magnetic core has a saturation magnetostriction ⁇ s , with
  • a band which essentially has a certain alloy composition is understood here and below to mean a band whose alloy can additionally contain, at low concentrations, impurities of other elements typical of the production.
  • a sealing coating arranged on the strip surfaces is understood here and below as meaning a coating which tightly seals the predominant parts or even the entire strip surface.
  • the magnetostriction of such alloys can be adjusted to zero as far as possible with a suitable heat treatment.
  • the magnet values are insensitive to mechanical influences, which allows a wide range of core shapes and fixations.
  • the temperature characteristic of the permeability may become negative, which may be advantageous in various embodiments of FI switches.
  • the heat treatment is advantageously carried out in such a way that the local magnetostriction contributions of the nanorod and of the amorphous residual phase balance as best as possible.
  • the strip surfaces at the required temperatures of more than 540 ° C have a clear tendency to crystalline precipitates.
  • these may consist of the known FeB 2 phases or of macrocrystalline precipitates such as Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and Nb 2 O 5 .
  • Their formation is favored by the roughness of the strip surfaces, an increased strip thickness, too low a metalloid content, but also by metal-gas reactions between impurities in the protective gas and the strip surface.
  • the formation of oxidic surface layers, for example of SiO 2 plays an important role. The resulting with such surface effects anisotropies and crystal lead to increased Coercive field strengths, low remanence values and reduced permeability values.
  • the formation of crystalline precipitates can be avoided by the sealing coating.
  • the strip has a strip thickness d with d ⁇ 24 ⁇ m, preferably d ⁇ 21 ⁇ m.
  • the tape has an effective surface roughness R a (eff) with R a (eff) ⁇ 7%, preferably R a (eff) ⁇ 5%.
  • the effective roughness depth is determined in practice, for example by means of the Rugotest or the Tastroughmethode.
  • the tape has a total metal content c + d + e + f> 22.5 at%, preferably c + d + e + f> 23.5 at%.
  • the oxide coating contains magnesia. According to a further embodiment, the oxide coating contains zirconium oxide. Alternatively or additionally, the oxide coating may contain oxides of an element selected from the group consisting of Be, Al , Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Ce, Nd, Gd, further elements of main groups 2 and 3 and the group of rare earth metals.
  • Such coating of the strip before the heat treatment makes it possible to carry out the heat treatment at the relatively high temperature necessary for the adjustment of the magnetostriction without sacrificing crystalline precipitates and / or vitreous layers of SiO 2 and, associated therewith, deterioration of the magnet values to have to take.
  • This procedure allows the production of magnetic cores having a maximum permeability ⁇ max with ⁇ max > 500,000, preferably ⁇ max > 600,000, and an initial permeability ⁇ 1 of ⁇ 1 > 150,000, preferably ⁇ 1 > 200,000, the magnetic core having a remanence ratio B R / B s with B R / B s > 70%.
  • the saturation magnetostriction ⁇ s can be reduced to
  • the finished magnetic core is no longer very sensitive to tension. It can then be fixed in a protective trough, for example, with a pressure-sensitive adhesive and / or with a ring of an elastic material placed on top of one or both ends of the magnetic core.
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive for example, silicone rubber, acrylate or silicone grease can be used as adhesives.
  • the magnetic core may have an epoxy vertebral interlayer on one or both end faces.
  • such a magnetic core is used in a residual current circuit breaker.
  • a method of manufacturing a magnetic core for low frequency applications from a spirally wound, soft magnetic, nanocrystalline tape wherein the tape is substantially the alloy composition Fe remainder CO a Cu b Nb c Si d B e C f wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are in atomic percent and 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1; 0.7 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.4; 2.5 ⁇ c ⁇ 3.5; 14.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 16.5; 5.5 ⁇ e ⁇ 8 and 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 1 and cobalt may be wholly or partially replaced by nickel.
  • the tape is provided with a coating of a metal alkoxide solution and / or an acetyl-acetone chelate complex with a metal from which forms a sealing coating of a metal oxide in a subsequent heat treatment for nanocrystallization of the tape.
  • the metal for the coating advantageously an element selected from the group Mg, Zr, Be, Al, Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Ce, Nd, Gd, further elements of the 2nd and 3rd main group and the group of rare earth metals be used.
  • the unstacked magnetic cores are placed on a good thermal conductivity carrier during the continuous annealing process.
  • a good thermal conductivity carrier consists for example of a good heat-conducting metal such as copper, silver or good heat-conducting steel.
  • the carrier is also a bed of good thermal conductivity ceramic powder.
  • the toroidal cores can be set on the face side to copper plates with a thickness of at least 4mm, preferably at least 6mm, more preferably at least 10mm. This helps to avoid local overheating when the exothermic crystallization sets in, in which the released heat of crystallization is effectively dissipated.
  • the persistence in the decay zone serves to decay the heat of crystallization before further heating of the magnetic core to avoid local overheating.
  • the heat treatment is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere of H 2 , N 2 and / or Ar, wherein the dew point T p ⁇ -25 ° C, preferably T p ⁇ -49.5 ° C.
  • the strip is wound with decreasing strip tension to the magnetic core.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an AC-sensitive FI switch 1, which separates the monitored circuit all poles of the rest of the network when a certain differential current is exceeded.
  • the comparison of the currents flowing through the FI-switch 1 takes place in a summation current transformer 2, by which the currents flowing to and from the load are added with the correct sign. If a current is dissipated in the circuit to ground, then in the summation current transformer, the sum of back and forth flowing current is not equal to zero: there is a current difference, which leads to the response of the residual current circuit breaker 1 and thus to shutdown the power supply.
  • the summation current transformer 2 has a magnetic core 2, which is wound from a nanocrystalline soft magnetic strip.
  • the FI-switch 1 further includes a trigger relay 4, a biased latch 5 and a test button 6 for manually checking the FI-switch. 1
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a possible temperature profile of a heat treatment according to a method for producing a magnetic core according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the temperature in the ripening zone is adapted to the composition of the respective batch so that the magnitude of the magnetostriction value becomes minimal.
  • preliminary samples are first prepared of the strip batches to be used which are exposed to different temperatures T x between 540 ° C. and 600 ° C. in the ripening zone.
  • the subsequent determination of the magnetostriction is carried out either directly on a removed piece of tape or indirectly on an undamaged core.
  • the direct measurement can be done for example by means of the SAMR method.
  • An indirect method is a pressure test in which the circumference of the toroidal core is deformed for example by 2% to the oval.
  • the occurring change in the coercive field strength is determined by measuring the quasi-static hysteresis loop by means of a remainder graph before and during the deformation.
  • FIG. 4 gives the lot-specific optimal value for T x can be read where the change ⁇ H C is minimal or even goes to zero.
  • Suitable substances are dissolved substances whose starting materials sinter during the annealing process in an H 2 , N 2 or Ar protective gas atmosphere or mixtures thereof at temperatures up to 650 ° C. to form an oxidic, thermally stable layer and are not reduced by the action of the protective gases.
  • base materials of such coatings are Be, Mg, Al, Zr, Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Ce, Nd, Gd and other elements of the 2nd and 3rd main groups and the group of SE elements. These are used as metal alkoxide solutions in the respective corresponding alcohol or ether, for example methylate, ethylate, propylate or butylate solutions in the corresponding alcohol or dissolved in ether alkylates or, for example, as tri- or tetra-Isopropylalkoholate applied to the tape surfaces.
  • Other alternatives include acetyl-acetone chelate complexes with the metals mentioned.
  • Typical layer thicknesses are in the range of 0.05 to 5 .mu.m, with a layer thickness in the range of 0.2 to 1 .mu.m having sufficiently good properties and therefore being preferred in one embodiment.
  • the coating makes it possible to stabilize the material properties at the high temperatures necessary for the zero adjustment of the magnetostriction against surface reactions.
  • the application-relevant parameters influenced by surface effects are, in particular, the ⁇ (H) characteristic curve measured at 50 Hz, the quasi-static coercive field strength and the remanence induction.
  • the layer thicknesses mentioned can each be achieved by adjusting the concentration and by adapting the process parameters. If particularly thick layers are to be achieved, the process can also be repeated.
  • the belt is in a continuous process via pulleys running through the located in a tub Drawn coating medium. Immediately before winding to the core, it passes through a drying section controlled at 80-200 ° C. This process is characterized by a special uniformity of the coating. Repeated cycles allow thicker layers to be achieved.
  • the wound after production tape is dipped as a coil in the standing in a recipient solution and evacuated. Due to the capillary forces which are sufficiently effective at a vacuum in the region of the rough vacuum of 10-300 mbar, the solution penetrates between the band layers of the coil and wets the surfaces. The dried coils are subsequently dried in a drying oven at 80-200 ° C. The coated tape is then wound into magnetic cores. This process is particularly economical.
  • the cores wound from uncoated tape are immersed in a recipient in the solution. After evacuation to the above negative pressure, the solution penetrates between the tape layers and wets them. The submerged cores are then dried at 80 to 200 ° C in a drying oven. This method has the advantage that the winding process of the core can not be disturbed by the coating medium on the strip surfaces.
  • the concentration of the dissolved metals was varied in the various organic solvents in a wide range between 0.1% by weight and 5% by weight without significant changes in the magnetic values. However, at very low concentrations, there was an increase in scattering.
  • both the coated and the uncoated strips were wound with decreasing strip tension to tension-free ring band cores of the dimension 32 mm by 16 mm by 10 mm.
  • 100 cores were placed on the face side on square copper plates measuring 300 mm by 300 mm by 6 mm.
  • the subsequent heat treatment was completely field-free in a continuous process with a temperature profile similar to in FIG. 2 shown, wherein the passage speed through the heating zone was 0.16 m / min.
  • the protective gas was pure hydrogen with a dew point of -50 ° C. in the Contrary to the representation in FIG. 2 the temperature gradient was increased in the first heating zone such that the annealing material reached a temperature of 480 ° C after only 8 minutes.
  • the temperature in the decay zone was not kept constant, but increased from 480 ° C to 505 ° C along a 20-minute heating. This was followed by a steep temperature gradient, which the cores passed through within 3 minutes to reach the final maturation temperature T x . This temperature range was completed within 25 minutes.
  • the cores were used at the same throughput speed in contrast to FIG. 2 significantly extended cooling zone cooled for one hour under hydrogen the same dew point to room temperature. This greatly delayed cooling rate was chosen to avoid cooling-induced stress effects.
  • the remanence ratio B R / B s was 77%.
  • the dew point was varied between -20 ° C and -55 ° C by mixing humidified and dry H 2 gas. To measure the dew point the device PANAMETRICS MIS1 was used.
  • the test cores were annealed with the same temperature profile on copper plates, as already mentioned above in addition to FIG. 2 has been described.
  • all cores proved to be magnetostrictive during a deformation test and therefore could not be further processed with the usual one-trough method for magnetostriction-free cores. Rather, special non-spanning one-trough procedures were necessary.
  • the ⁇ 1 values at 50 Hz were measured at the cores and in FIG. 14 applied over the effective surface roughness. As in FIG. 14 is recognizable, an effective surface roughness of R a (eff) ⁇ 7% is required to realize ⁇ 1 ⁇ 100,000. If ⁇ 1 is greater than 160,000, R a (eff) should be less than 5%, for ⁇ 1 greater than 200,000, even less than 2.5%.
  • the cores could be glued into a plastic trough by means of silicone rubber or loosely inserted into a plastic or metal protective trough by means of a mechanically dampening foam rubber ring, without any appreciable change in permeability.
  • the results of the investigations are summarized in Table 1.
  • the marking *) means a fixation with silicone rubber and the marking **) a non-tensioning fixation with a high-viscosity acrylate adhesive.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
EP10172135.5A 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence et procédé de fabrication d'un noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence Active EP2416329B1 (fr)

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EP10172135.5A EP2416329B1 (fr) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence et procédé de fabrication d'un noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence
JP2013522339A JP2013532910A (ja) 2010-08-06 2011-08-05 低周波用途向け磁心および低周波用途向け磁心を製造する方法
CN201180038894.8A CN103069512B (zh) 2010-08-06 2011-08-05 用于低频用途的磁芯和制备用于低频用途的磁芯的方法
PCT/IB2011/053515 WO2012017421A1 (fr) 2010-08-06 2011-08-05 Noyau magnétique pour applications basse fréquence et procédé de fabrication d'un noyau magnétique pour applications basse fréquence
US13/814,457 US20130214893A1 (en) 2010-08-06 2011-08-05 Magnet core for low-frequency applications and method for producing a magnet core for low-frequency applcations
US15/214,138 US10892090B2 (en) 2010-08-06 2016-07-19 Magnet core for low-frequency applications and method for producing a magnet core for low-frequency applications

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CN105074843A (zh) * 2013-02-15 2015-11-18 日立金属株式会社 使用了Fe基纳米晶体软磁性合金的环状磁芯、以及使用其的磁性部件
WO2018137805A1 (fr) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur

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KR20150143251A (ko) * 2014-06-13 2015-12-23 삼성전기주식회사 코어 및 이를 갖는 코일 부품
KR102203689B1 (ko) 2014-07-29 2021-01-15 엘지이노텍 주식회사 연자성 합금, 이를 포함하는 무선 전력 송신 장치 및 무선 전력 수신 장치
DE102015211487B4 (de) * 2015-06-22 2018-09-20 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur herstellung eines nanokristallinen magnetkerns
CN105047348B (zh) * 2015-08-03 2017-08-25 江苏奥玛德新材料科技有限公司 一种非晶纳米晶软磁合金的电流互感器铁芯及其制备方法
CN105755368A (zh) * 2016-04-08 2016-07-13 郑州大学 一种铁基纳米晶态软磁合金及其应用
CN108231315A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-29 青岛云路先进材料技术有限公司 一种铁钴基纳米晶合金及其制备方法
CN110060831B (zh) * 2019-05-13 2021-01-29 安徽升隆电气有限公司 一种抗直流互感器铁芯的制备工艺
CN110767399A (zh) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-07 中磁电科有限公司 一种复合磁性材料及其制作方法

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WO2018137805A1 (fr) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur

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US20170011846A1 (en) 2017-01-12
WO2012017421A1 (fr) 2012-02-09
EP2416329B1 (fr) 2016-04-06
CN103069512B (zh) 2016-11-02
US20200227204A9 (en) 2020-07-16
US10892090B2 (en) 2021-01-12
JP2013532910A (ja) 2013-08-19
US20130214893A1 (en) 2013-08-22
CN103069512A (zh) 2013-04-24

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