EP2413047B2 - Unité de chauffage d'eau potable - Google Patents

Unité de chauffage d'eau potable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2413047B2
EP2413047B2 EP10007980.5A EP10007980A EP2413047B2 EP 2413047 B2 EP2413047 B2 EP 2413047B2 EP 10007980 A EP10007980 A EP 10007980A EP 2413047 B2 EP2413047 B2 EP 2413047B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
domestic water
water heating
units
heating
flow path
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EP10007980.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2413047A1 (fr
EP2413047B1 (fr
Inventor
Jens Kjær Milthers
Kim Hulegaard Jensen
Lars Sund Mortensen
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Grundfos Management AS
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Grundfos Management AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
    • F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a domestic water heating unit which is provided for use in a heating system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a heat exchanger Basically, it is known to heat domestic water in a domestic water tank or with the aid of a heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger has a first flow path for a heating medium and a second flow path for the domestic water to be heated.
  • a heat exchanger there is the problem of being able to set the required service water temperature on the outlet side relatively quickly. This is particularly true because this temperature depends on various parameters, in particular also the volume flow of the service water through the heat exchanger.
  • GB 2 293 438 A discloses a heating system with a device for heating domestic water. This has a heat exchanger through which a heating medium is passed on the primary side and the domestic water to be heated flows on the secondary side. A pump with adjustable speed is arranged in the primary side, which pumps the heating medium through the heat exchanger. This pump is controlled as a function of a temperature signal from a temperature sensor which is arranged in the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger on the output side. The supply of the heating medium can be adapted to the outlet temperature of the domestic water by regulating the speed of the pump. This document discloses the preamble of claim 1.
  • GB 2 234 337 A discloses a system for heating domestic water with a heat exchanger, through which a heating medium is conducted on the primary side and domestic water to be heated with the aid of a circulating pump is conducted on the secondary side.
  • This circulation pump on the secondary side can be switched on and off depending on the inlet temperature of the domestic water and the temperature of the heating medium.
  • the domestic water heating unit is intended for use in a heating system.
  • the domestic water heating unit preferably represents an assembly or a structural unit which essentially combines all of the components required for domestic water heating. These are, in particular, a heat exchanger with a first flow path for a heating medium and a second flow path for the domestic water to be heated, as well as a circulating pump for conveying the heating medium through the first flow path.
  • These components are preferably pre-assembled with the required connection lines or connection fittings to form a structural unit, so that this structural unit can easily be integrated as a pre-assembled assembly into a heating system or a heating system.
  • the domestic water heating unit then preferably only has the necessary electrical and hydraulic connections for connection to the other parts of the heating system.
  • the circulation pump which conveys the heating medium through the first flow path of the heat exchanger, is adjustable or controllable in terms of its speed.
  • a control unit is provided which controls or regulates the speed of the circulating pump. According to the invention, this takes place as a function of the heat requirement for heating the domestic water.
  • the heating medium volume flow can be adapted very quickly to the heat requirement for heating the domestic water, so that the desired domestic water temperature can be set quickly on the outlet side of the heat exchanger.
  • the circulation pump is connected to the heat exchanger on the inlet or outlet side of the first flow path.
  • the circulating pump is preferably not only hydraulically connected to the heat exchanger but also mechanically in such a way that the heat exchanger represents the supporting element to which the circulating pump is attached.
  • the circulation pump is particularly preferred Arranged on the input side of the first flow path, so that the first flow path through the heat exchanger connects to the pressure side of the circulating pump.
  • a temperature sensor is preferably arranged in the flow path of the heated domestic water and the control unit is designed in such a way that it specifies the speed of the circulating pump conveying the heating medium as a function of the domestic water temperature detected by the temperature sensor.
  • the domestic water temperature can be optimally controlled, as the actual temperature is recorded directly on the outlet side of the heat exchanger and the heating medium supply can be adjusted by regulating the speed of the circulating pump so that the desired temperature is reached quickly.
  • the control unit is further preferably designed in such a way that the domestic water temperature detected by the temperature sensor is entered as a control variable in a control loop in which the speed of the circulating pump forms a manipulated variable that can be changed by a controller.
  • the speed control of the circulating pump takes place in the control unit preferably via a controller to which the difference between the actual temperature detected by the temperature sensor and a setpoint temperature is fed as a control difference.
  • a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the heating medium is arranged in a flow path for the heating medium and the control unit is designed in such a way that it specifies the speed of the circulating pump conveying the heating medium as a function of a heating medium temperature detected by the temperature sensor.
  • the control unit is designed in such a way that it specifies the speed of the circulating pump conveying the heating medium as a function of a heating medium temperature detected by the temperature sensor.
  • a flow sensor is arranged in the flow path of the domestic water and the control unit is designed in such a way that it specifies the speed of the circulating pump conveying the heating medium as a function of a domestic water volume flow detected by the flow sensor.
  • the domestic hot water volume flow also has a direct influence on the domestic hot water temperature. With the same amount of heat supplied, a higher temperature is reached with a lower volume of service water than with a higher volume of service water.
  • this influence of the domestic water volume flow can also be compensated more quickly in the regulation or control than if the influence on the actual temperature was initially applied of the domestic water would be waited for and only then would the speed of the circulation pump be readjusted accordingly.
  • the desired domestic water temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger can be achieved more quickly when the domestic water heating unit is started up or when the domestic water volume flow changes.
  • characteristic curves or maps can be stored in the control unit, which specify the dependency of the circulating pump speed to be set on the heating medium temperature or the service water volume flow.
  • the control unit selects the corresponding speed from these characteristic curves or maps and sets the speed of the circulating pump accordingly.
  • the more precise regulation of the domestic water temperature is then carried out by recording the domestic water temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger and corresponding readjustment of the speed of the circulation pump.
  • control unit further preferably has a controller with feedforward control, the heating medium temperature recorded by the temperature sensor and / or the service water volume flow recorded by the flow sensor being switched on as disturbance variables .
  • the heating medium temperature and the process water volume flow can be included in the regulation of the speed of the circulation pump.
  • control unit is at least partially, more preferably completely, integrated into the control electronics of the circulating pump.
  • This has the advantage that no additional assembly is required for the control unit, which would have to be mounted in the domestic water heating unit and, if necessary, connected.
  • the direct integration into the circulating pump or the circulating pump unit thus simplifies the installation and commissioning of the domestic water heating unit.
  • Control elements and possibly display elements are also preferably provided on the circulating pump or on its terminal box or electronics housing, via which the presettings for the domestic water heating can also be made, in particular a setpoint temperature for the domestic water can be set.
  • control unit has a communication interface, for example an infrared or radio interface, via which the presettings can be made by means of a remote control.
  • a communication interface for example an infrared or radio interface
  • the presettings can be made by means of a remote control.
  • the invention also relates to a system for heating domestic water with at least two domestic water heating units.
  • the at least two domestic water heating units are cascaded in parallel in order to be able to satisfy a larger domestic water requirement, i.e. H. to be able to provide a larger hot water volume flow with the desired hot water temperature.
  • the arrangement of two or more domestic water heating units connected in parallel has the advantage that one and the same domestic water heating unit can be used to create systems of different sizes, depending on the size of the maximum domestic water requirement in a building, without having to provide differently sized domestic water heating units. The adjustment is only made by varying the number of domestic water heating units.
  • control units of the domestic water heating units are designed in such a way that when there is a domestic water requirement, one of the domestic water heating units is first put into operation and one or more domestic water heating units are switched on as required.
  • This is advantageous when the demand for domestic hot water fluctuates greatly, since a domestic water heating unit that is designed for the maximum demand for heated domestic water then does not have to be put into operation every time.
  • several smaller domestic water heating units are switched on flexibly, so that the individual domestic water heating units are preferably optimally used. This optimizes the use of energy, since the smaller domestic water heating units allow more precise control of the heat supply.
  • the control units are expediently designed in such a way that a further domestic water heating unit is switched on when the circulating pump conveying the heating medium of a domestic water heating unit that was first started reaches a predetermined speed or flow rate.
  • This predetermined speed can be the maximum speed or a limit speed below the maximum speed.
  • the predetermined flow rate can be the maximum flow rate or a limit flow rate below the maximum flow rate. This can be determined from the speed of the circulation pump or detected by a flow sensor.
  • This maximum speed or limit speed or limit flow is the speed or flow at which the domestic water heating unit reaches the maximum of its performance or comes close to the maximum of the performance. This means that the domestic water heating unit is then essentially no longer able to heat a larger volume flow of domestic water to the same target temperature. This is then the point in time at which it makes sense to switch on another domestic water heating unit in order to be able to supply a larger volume flow of domestic water with the same target temperature.
  • the control units are particularly preferably designed in such a way that one of the domestic water heating units takes on a management function in the system in such a way that when there is a domestic water requirement, the leading domestic water heating unit is first put into operation and its control unit connects one or more additional domestic water heating units as required.
  • the control units of the individual domestic water heating units also coordinate the domestic water heating units with one another, i.e. they control automatically or through communication with one another which of the domestic water heating units is put into operation first and which domestic water heating units are switched on if the required volume flow is greater.
  • control units are designed in such a way that one control unit always takes on a management function and controls the overall system and, in particular, the connection of further domestic water heating units.
  • the control units are designed in such a way that the domestic water heating unit having the management function, ie the leading domestic water heating unit, is the domestic water heating unit which starts operation first when there is a domestic water requirement. Should this domestic water heating unit reach its performance limit, which, as described above, is characterized by reaching a limit speed or maximum speed of the circulation pump for the heating medium, the control unit of the leading domestic water heating unit can connect another domestic water heating unit.
  • the control unit of the leading domestic water heating unit is designed in such a way that it can be connected to the control unit when required
  • Another domestic water heating unit sends a switch-on signal, which then causes the control unit of the second or further domestic water heating unit to start operating this domestic water heating unit.
  • individual domestic water heating units can be switched off in reverse if the domestic water volume flow decreases or, for example, the heating medium temperature increases. In the case of the regulation described above, this would then lead to the speed of the circulating pump for the heating medium being reduced. Should this then fall below a predetermined lower limit value, the control unit can cause the domestic water heating unit that was previously connected to be switched off.
  • the control units are also preferably designed in such a way that after at least one further domestic water heating unit has been switched on, the management function changes to a switched-on domestic water heating unit.
  • the management function can, for example, relate to the last service water heating unit connected or also to the service water heating unit connected first, i.e. H. of the second domestic hot water heating unit that is in operation at the same time.
  • This alternation rhythm can be permanently specified in the control units or, for example, can also be currently determined by them as a function of the running time of the individual domestic water heating units. This can take place directly when the additional domestic water heating unit is switched on or only when this domestic water heating unit is subsequently switched off.
  • all control units of the plurality of domestic water heating units are designed identically, so that preferably each of the domestic water heating units can take over the management function.
  • the management function it is achieved that the individual domestic water heating units alternate in their switch-on sequence, i. H. the same domestic water heating unit is not always put into operation first. In this way, even use of the domestic water heating units is achieved.
  • control units are designed in such a way that the sequence in which the individual domestic water heating units are switched on when required is selected depending on the running time of the individual domestic water heating units so that even use of the individual domestic water heating units is achieved.
  • the operating hours of the domestic water heating units can be recorded in the associated control unit and the control units can be designed in such a way that they communicate with one another to ensure that the starting sequence is selected so that the domestic water heating units are used evenly.
  • control units are designed with suitable communication interfaces, preferably radio interfaces. This simplifies installation and commissioning since no data lines have to be connected between the control units.
  • the control units only need to be coupled to one another by radio using the procedures provided in these, so that they can find and recognize each other in order to then be able to communicate with one another. This can be implemented by means of suitable program sequences in the control units.
  • control units are preferably designed in such a way that a defective domestic water heating unit is excluded from being switched on if necessary. This achieves a high level of operational reliability, since only functional domestic water heating units are always put into operation and the domestic water heating is ensured even if a domestic water heating unit is defective.
  • one of the several domestic water heating units can have a second circulation pump as a circulation pump for heated domestic water, the control units preferably being designed in such a way that the domestic water heating unit with the circulation pump is only started up in circulation mode or when the system is at maximum load.
  • the domestic water circulation is used in a known manner to constantly circulate the heated domestic water in the pipe system of a building, so that hot domestic water is always directly available at the draw-off points.
  • the circulation module required for this, in particular a circulation pump is preferably only provided in one of the several domestic water heating units. In order to heat the domestic water during circulation, only a small amount of heat is usually required, which in such a system can be supplied by a domestic water heating unit alone.
  • the domestic water heating units with a circulation pump or circulation module are preferably only used to heat the domestic water during circulation and are switched on in the system at maximum load.
  • the domestic water heating units with circulation pump have one of the last positions in the start sequence. This, too, is preferably set by communication between the respective control units without using a higher-level controller.
  • the control units are designed in such a way that they recognize the domestic water heating units with a circulation module.
  • the control units of the corresponding domestic water heating units signal that they have a circulation module.
  • the control unit of the leading domestic water heating unit which takes this into account when setting the start sequence and places the corresponding domestic water heating units with circulation module in the last position in the start sequence.
  • the leading control unit takes this fact into account in such a way that it does not transfer the management function to a control unit of a domestic water heating unit with a circulation module.
  • a domestic water heating unit with a circulation pump does not take on any management function in the system.
  • the heat exchanger unit shown as an example is a domestic water heating unit 2 and is intended for use in a heating system.
  • the domestic water heating unit 2 is attached to a heat store 4, for example a water store which stores heating water heated by a solar system.
  • the heat exchanger 6 of the domestic water heating unit 2 is supplied with heating medium for heating domestic water.
  • a housing surrounding the domestic water heating unit 2 is shown open, ie the front cover is removed.
  • the domestic water heating unit 2 is shown without a surrounding housing.
  • the central component of the heat exchanger unit or domestic water heating unit 2 is a heat exchanger 6 in the form of a plate heat exchanger.
  • Service water to be heated is heated via the heat exchanger 6 and released as heated service water, for example in order to supply taps 7 on sinks, showers, bathtubs, etc. with warm service water in a house.
  • the heat exchanger is supplied with heating medium. It has two flow paths inside, as shown schematically in Fig. 9 shown.
  • a first flow path 10 is the flow path through which the heating medium is guided through the heat exchanger.
  • the second flow path 12 is the flow path through which the domestic water is passed through the heat exchanger. Both flow paths are separated from one another in a known manner by plates, via which heat transfer from the heating medium to the domestic water is possible.
  • the two outer plates 13 of the plate stack form two opposite side surfaces of the heat exchanger 6.
  • the fluid connections 14 to 20 of the heat exchanger 6 are formed on these side surfaces and, as described below, connection fittings are attached.
  • the heating medium enters the heat exchanger 6 through the inlet 14 and exits again through the outlet 16.
  • the domestic water to be heated enters the heat exchanger 6 at the inlet 18 and at the outlet 20 from the heat exchanger again.
  • the heat exchanger is divided into three sections A, B, C.
  • the section A forms a first section in which the first flow path 10 and the second flow path 12 run past one another in countercurrent.
  • the heat exchanger 6 has a second section B in which the first flow path 10 and the second flow path 12 are then no longer guided in a countercurrent arrangement relative to one another, but are guided in a co-current arrangement, ie the flows in the first flow path 10 and in the second Flow paths 12 run in the same direction as one another in the same direction along the plates separating them or other heat-conducting separating elements separating them.
  • a reversal section C is formed between the first section A and the second section B, in which the relative reversal of the flow directions in the flow paths to one another is implemented.
  • sections A, B and C of the heat exchanger are integrated into a heat exchanger. It is to be understood, however, that sections A and B could also be formed in separate heat exchangers and the reversal of the direction of the flows to one another in section C could be implemented by appropriate piping of the two heat exchangers.
  • the outlet of the service water is not in the area of the highest temperature of the incoming heating medium, so a maximum temperature can be reached which is at the level of the temperature of the heating medium in the area of the outlet 20 of the service water from the heat exchanger.
  • the inlet 14 for the heating medium, the outlet 16 for the heating medium, the inlet 18 for the domestic water to be heated and the outlet 20 for the heated domestic water are designed as fluid connections, to which in turn connection fittings are attached, which the connection to Manufacture other components and pipelines.
  • a first connection fitting 26 is attached to the outlet 20 for the heated domestic water.
  • This connection fitting has a base element 28 which, in an identical configuration, is attached in the second connection fitting 30, rotated only by 180 °, to the fluid connections of the heat exchanger 6 that form the output 16 and input 18. This has the advantage that one and the same base element 28 can be used as a first connection fitting and as a second connection fitting and the variety of parts can be reduced.
  • connection opening 36 is unused and closed by the wall of the heat exchanger 6, a seal 42 being arranged between the base element 28 and the wall of the heat exchanger 6 at the connection opening 38 for sealing.
  • the connection opening 38 forms the connection for connection to a supply line 44 which is connected to the heat accumulator 4 for supplying hot heating medium.
  • a first circulating pump 46 is arranged on the base element 28 when used in the first connection fitting 26, which circulates the heating medium to the inlet 14 of the heat exchanger 6.
  • a third connection fitting 48 is arranged at the inlet 14, which, in an identical configuration, can be arranged as the fourth connection fitting 50, rotated by 180 °, on the opposite side of the heat exchanger 6, as described further below.
  • the third connection fitting 48 and the fourth connection fitting 50 are also formed from at least one identical base element.
  • a flow channel 52 is formed which connects the pressure port of the circulating pump 46 to the inlet 14 of the heat exchanger.
  • the second flow channel 34 in the base element 28 is, as can be seen in the sectional view based on the second connection fitting 30, also T-shaped and has three connection openings 54, 56 and 58.
  • the connection opening 58 of the second flow channel 34 is closed, e.g. B. by an inserted stopper.
  • the connection opening 54 is connected to the outlet 20 of the heat exchanger 6, a seal 42 likewise being arranged between the connection fitting 26 and the heat exchanger 6.
  • connection opening 56 of the second flow channel 34 is attached in the first connection fitting 26 connection part 60, which connects the connection opening 58 to the line connection 62 via a flow channel formed in the interior of the connection part 60.
  • the line connection 62 is used to connect to a hot water line through which the heated domestic water is discharged.
  • the base element 28 is attached as a second connection fitting 30 on the opposite side surface of the plate heat exchanger 6, which forms the supporting structure of the domestic water heating unit.
  • the second connection fitting 30 connects the output 16 for the heating medium and the input 18 for the cold service water to the external installation.
  • the connection opening 54 of the second flow channel 34 connects to the outlet 16 of the heat exchanger.
  • This second flow channel 34 establishes a connection to the line connection or the connection opening 58, which forms the outlet of the cooled heating medium.
  • a line which leads the heating medium back into the heat accumulator 4, can be connected to this connection opening 58.
  • a line 64 is connected to the connection opening 58, which leads to a switch valve 66, which optionally connects the line 64 to the connections 68 and 70 .
  • the connections 68 and 70 serve to connect to the heat accumulator 4, whereby these connections can, for example, establish a connection to the interior of the heat accumulator 4 at different vertical positions, so that depending on the temperature of the heating medium exiting from the heat exchanger 6, this can be done by switching the switching valve 66 at different positions vertical positions can be returned to the heat accumulator 4 in order to maintain a stratification of the heating medium that is present there.
  • the switchover function is particularly advantageous when, as described below, a service water circulation module 74 is provided. The heating of the circulated domestic water requires less heat, so that the heating medium flows back into the heat accumulator 4 at a higher temperature.
  • connection opening 36 the flow path 32 in the interior of the base element is connected to the inlet 18 by means of the connection opening 36.
  • a cold water line 72 for supplying the cold service water is connected to the connection opening 38. The cold water then enters the inlet 18 into the heat exchanger through this line.
  • the domestic water heating unit shown here can be used in two different embodiments, namely once with a domestic water circulation module 74 or even without this domestic water circulation module 74 Fig. 1 , 2 , 4th , 7th and 8th this domestic water circulation module 74 is arranged on the heat exchanger 6.
  • the Fig. 5 and 6th show the arrangement without the service water circulation module 74. If the service water circulation module 74 is not provided, the fourth connection fitting 50 is not required and the connection opening or line connection 40 of the base element 28 of the second connection fitting 30 is closed by a plug. The connection opening 56 of the flow channel 34 is also closed by a plug in this case.
  • the service water circulation module 74 consists of a second circulation pump 76, which is used to circulate the service water in the hot water pipe system of a building.
  • a connection part 78 and a pipe 80 are provided for connecting the second circulation pump 76.
  • a fourth connection fitting 50 is arranged at the end of a side surface, which is identical to the third connection fitting 48 or has an identical base element. However, when it is used as the fourth connection fitting 50, the flow channel 52 is not used.
  • a receptacle 81 is formed on the base element of the third and fourth connection fitting, into which a connection element 82 is inserted, which is connected to a pressure port of the circulation pump 76.
  • connection element 82 has a flow channel in its interior and uses it to establish a connection to the pipe 80.
  • the end of the pipe 80 facing away from the connection element 82 is connected to the connection opening 40 of the flow channel 32 in the second connection fitting 30, the connection opening 40 then not being closed by a plug.
  • the circulation pump 46 serving as a circulation pump can return part of the heated process water back into the flow channel 32 of the second connection fitting 30 and through its connection opening 36 into the inlet 18 of the heat exchanger.
  • supplied cold service water flow through the connection opening 38 and service water conveyed back by the circulation pump 76 through the connection opening 40.
  • connection part 48 is placed on the base element 28 of the second connection fitting 30 in such a way that it engages with a closed stub 84 in the connection opening 56 of the second flow channel 34 and thus closes the connection opening 56 so that there is no additional plug for its closure in the second connection fitting 30 more is required.
  • the connection part 78 is otherwise tubular and connects two connection openings 86 and 88 located at opposite ends.
  • the connector 84 has no fluid-conducting connection to the connection between the line connections or connection openings 86 and 88.
  • the connection opening 86 is with the The suction nozzle of the second circulation pump 76 is connected and the connection opening 88 forms a connection to which a circulation line 90 is connected.
  • connection part 78 and a fourth connection fitting 50 the base element of which is identical to the third connection fitting 48
  • a second circulation pump 76 which is a circulation pump
  • the circulation line can be connected in a fluid-conducting manner directly to the second flow path 12 in the interior of the heat exchanger via the circulation pump 46.
  • a sensor receptacle 92 is formed in the flow channel 32, which can serve to accommodate a sensor.
  • the sensor receptacle 92 is closed if no domestic water circulation module 74 is attached.
  • a temperature sensor 94 is inserted into the sensor receptacle 92, which sensor detects the temperature of the heating medium supplied to the heat exchanger 6.
  • a temperature sensor 96 is also inserted into the sensor receptacle 92 of the base element 28 of the second connection fitting 30, which sensor is used to detect a service water requirement and whose special function is described below.
  • connection part 60 also has a sensor receptacle in which a sensor 98 is inserted.
  • the sensor 98 is a combined temperature and flow sensor which detects the temperature and the flow rate of the heated domestic water exiting from the outlet 20 of the heat exchanger 6 through the flow path 34 in the first connection fitting 26. It is to be understood that the temperature sensors 94, 96 described above could optionally also be used as combined temperature and flow sensors.
  • the temperature of the discharged service water can be detected by the sensor 98 and, based on this temperature and the temperature of the heating medium detected by the temperature sensor 94, the required volume flow of the heating medium can be determined and the first circulating pump 46 can be operated accordingly.
  • the control or regulation required for this for the circulating pump 46 is preferably integrated into the circulating pump 46 as regulating or control electronics.
  • the sensors 94, 96 and 98 are connected via electrical lines 99 to a sensor box 100, which forms a data acquisition module.
  • the sensor box 100 records the data provided by the sensors 94, 96 and 98.
  • the sensor box 100 provides the recorded data, as in Fig. 13 shown, the control unit 101, which is integrated in this example in the control electronics of the pump assembly 46, available.
  • an output interface 102 is formed in the sensor box 100 and a corresponding input interface 104 is formed in the control unit 101.
  • the output interface 102 and the input interface 104 are designed here as radio interfaces which enable wireless signal transmission from the sensor box 100 to the control unit 101 in the pump assembly 46.
  • the control unit 101 in the circulating pump 46 controls or regulates preferably not only the circulating pump 46 but also the circulating pump 76, for which purpose the control unit 101 in the circulating pump 46 can also communicate wirelessly via radio with the circulating pump 76 or its control device. Both circulating pumps 46 and 76 can thus be connected very easily, since only one electrical connection is required for the mains power supply. All communication for the controller is wireless.
  • the signals supplied by the sensors 94, 96 and 98 can also already be processed in order to provide the control device 101 with the required data in a predetermined format.
  • the control unit 101 preferably reads only the data currently required for the control from the output interface 102 via the input interface 104, so that the data communication can be restricted to a minimum.
  • the control unit 101 preferably also takes on the control of the circulation, which is brought about by the circulation pump 76 when the domestic water circulation module 74 is used, in such a way that the circulation pump 76 is switched off for circulation when the temperature sensor 94 indicates a temperature of the heat supply from the heat accumulator 4 Detected heating medium, which is below a predetermined limit value. In this way it can be prevented that the heat storage 4 cools down excessively due to the domestic water circulation and the circulation can instead be stopped at times in which the heat supply to the heat storage 4 is too low, for example due to a lack of solar radiation on a solar module.
  • the control unit 101 controls the operation of the circulating pump 46 in such a way that the circulating pump 46 is first switched on when there is a need for heat to heat the domestic water, so that heating medium is fed from the heat accumulator 4 to the heat exchanger 6. In the event that no domestic water circulation module 74 is provided, this will be Heat demand for the domestic water detected via the combined temperature flow sensor 98. If this detects a flow in the flow path through the connection part 60, ie a flow of domestic water, this means that a tap for hot domestic water is open, so that cold domestic water flows through the connection opening 38 and there is a heat requirement for heating the domestic water. In this case, the control unit 101 can start the circulation pump 46.
  • the service water circulation module 74 In the event that the service water circulation module 74 is arranged, the service water requirement cannot be recorded in this way, since the sensor 98 also detects a flow due to the circulation caused by the second circulation pump 76 when no tap for service water is open. In this case, only the temperature of the domestic water leaving the heat exchanger 6 can be detected by the sensor 98 and, in the event that this is below a predetermined limit value, the circulating pump 46 can be switched in order to compensate for the heat losses due to the circulation in such a way that that heating medium is fed to the heat exchanger 6 and the circulated domestic water is heated in this way.
  • the temperature sensor 96 is used in order to detect a domestic water requirement due to the opening of a tap 7.
  • Fig. 11 shown schematically, not arranged exactly at the junction of the flow channel 32 in the base element 28, in which the sections of the flow channel from the connection openings 36 and 38 and 40 converge, but offset from this junction towards the connection opening 38.
  • the temperature sensor 96 is located in the section of the flow channel through which the cold service water is supplied. When a tap for heated domestic water is opened, this leads to a flow of cold domestic water in this pipe section, so that, as shown in the lower curve in Fig. 12 It can be seen that a temperature drop is detected by the sensor 96 in the section of the first flow channel 32 which runs to the connection opening 38.
  • the control unit 101 switches on the circulating pump 46 to supply heating medium.
  • Fig. 12 Several successive domestic water requests are shown, each of which leads to a drop in temperature and again to a rise in temperature when the request for heated domestic water is terminated, since the water in the line section in which the temperature sensor 96 is arranged is then heated again.
  • the temperature sensor 96 is arranged in the second connection fitting 30 slightly above the junction at which the flow paths or sections of the flow channel 32 of the connection openings 36, 38 and 40 meet. In this way, it is ensured that the water in the line section in which the sensor 96 is located, when the tapping point for service water is closed and therefore no flow is present, circulated again through the circulation pump 46 flowing from the connection opening 40 to the inlet 16 Domestic water is slowly heated by heat transfer.
  • the heat exchanger 6 forms the supporting element of the domestic water heating unit 2, to which the connection fittings 26, 30, 48 and optionally 50 with the pumps 46 and optionally 76 as well as the sensor box 100 are attached.
  • the domestic water heating unit 2 thus forms an integrated module which can be installed as a prefabricated unit in a heating system or in a heating system.
  • the circulation pumps 46 and 76 are arranged relative to the heat exchanger 6 in such a way that their axes of rotation X extend parallel to the surfaces of the plates, in particular the outer plates 13.
  • a holding device in the form of a bracket 106 is attached to the heat exchanger 6.
  • the bracket 106 forms, on the one hand, a fastening device for fastening to the heat accumulator 4 and also forms grip elements 108 on which the entire domestic water heating unit 2 can be gripped, which allows easy handling of the entire unit during assembly.
  • Fig. 14 shows a special arrangement of domestic water heating units 2.
  • four domestic water heating units 2 are connected in parallel in a cascade-like manner as described above.
  • four domestic water heating units 2 are shown.
  • all domestic water heating units 2 are supplied with heating medium from a common heat store 4.
  • the domestic water heating units 2 are identical except for one.
  • the first domestic water heating unit 2, the one shown in Fig. 14 is located adjacent to the heat accumulator 4, is according to the embodiment, which in the Fig.
  • this first domestic water heating unit 2 has a domestic water circulation module 74.
  • the service water circulation module 74 which has the second circulation pump 46, is connected to the circulation line 90. This connects to the most distant tap 7 to the line for heated domestic water DHW. In this way, heated service water can through the entire line system, which the taps 7 with heated service water supplied, circulated.
  • the function of this domestic water heating unit 2 with domestic water circulation module 74 basically corresponds to the description above.
  • the three remaining domestic water heating units 2 are designed without a domestic water circulation module 74, ie as in FIG Fig. 5 shown.
  • Each of the domestic water heating units 2 according to Fig. 14 has a control unit 101 integrated in the circulation pump 46 and a separate sensor box 100.
  • the individual control units 101 of the multiple domestic water heating modules 2 communicate via radio interfaces 110 (see FIG Fig. 13 ) together.
  • the radio interface 110 can also be used for communication with the second circulating pump 76 and possibly the switchover valve 66.
  • the switchover valve 66 it is also possible for the switchover valve 66 to be controlled via the sensor box 100 and, for this purpose, to be connected to the sensor box 100 via an electrical connection line.
  • control units 101 of all domestic water heating units 2 are designed identically and jointly control the cascade arrangement, as they are based on Fig. 15 will now be described in more detail.
  • Fig. 15 the four domestic water heating units 2 are designated as M1, M2, M3 and M4.
  • the starting order of the domestic water heating units 2 is shown in the boxes below by numbers 1 to 4.
  • That domestic water heating unit 2 which has position 1 in the starting sequence (in the first step M2) takes on a management function, i.e. is the leading domestic water heating unit 2, i.e. its control unit 101 also causes the other domestic water heating units 2 to be switched on and off.
  • the domestic water heating units 2 marked M2 to M4 are those in Fig. 14
  • the domestic water heating unit 2 having the domestic water circulation module 74 is the one in FIG Fig. 15 Module marked with M1. This never takes on a leadership role. If the leading module M2 now detects a service water request in step A, this service water heating unit 2 is first put into operation, ie the circulation pump 46 conveys heating medium to the associated heat exchanger 6.
  • this service water heating unit is the leading service water heating unit 2 still heated in step C. If a service water request takes place again from step C to D by opening a tap 7, this leading service water heating unit 2 (M2) is therefore again put into operation. If the domestic water requirement increases by opening, for example, another tap 7, a next domestic water heating unit 2 is switched on in step E by the control unit 101 of the leading domestic water heating unit 2 (M2) sending a signal to the domestic water heating unit 2 with the second position in the start sequence (here M3) to start operations. Its control unit 101 then starts up the circulation pump 46 of this further domestic water heating unit 2 (M3) in order to supply its heat exchanger 6 with heating medium.
  • the domestic water heating unit 2 is switched off and the control units 101 of the individual domestic water heating units 2 set the starting sequence anew among themselves. This is done in such a way that in the starting sequence the domestic water heating unit 2, which was switched on last, takes over the first position and the domestic water heating unit 2 that was switched on first, i. H. the so far leading domestic water heating unit 2 moves to the last position (here M2).
  • the management function also changes accordingly to the domestic water heating unit 2, which is now in the first position in the start sequence (M2).
  • the domestic water heating unit 2 which is first put into operation, is preferably a domestic water heating unit 2 which still has residual heat.
  • the domestic water heating unit 2 with the domestic water circulation module 74 always retains the last position in the start sequence, i. H. this is only switched on at maximum load and otherwise only serves to heat the circulated domestic water. Should a domestic water heating unit 2 be defective or fail, it will be completely removed from the start sequence, i. H. not put into operation at all. This is all done through communication between the identical control units 101, so that a central control can be dispensed with.
  • Valve 112 is arranged in the inlet line for cold domestic water DCW of each domestic water heating unit 2.
  • This valve 112 is activated by the control unit 101 via the sensor box 100.
  • the valve 112 is preferably connected to the sensor box 100 via an electrical connection line and the control unit 101 sends a signal to the sensor box 100 to open and close the valve 112 via the input interface 104 and the output interface 102.
  • the valve 112 is closed is, it is achieved that no domestic water flows through the respective heat exchanger 6, so that cold domestic water is prevented from flowing through the heat exchanger 6 of the unused domestic water heating units 2 into the outlet line for heated domestic water DHW.
  • a controller 114 is arranged in the control unit 101, to which a setpoint temperature T ref is specified for the heated domestic water DHW.
  • This setpoint temperature can be set, for example, on the control unit 101 in the circulating pump 46.
  • operating elements can be provided on the circulating pump.
  • a wireless interface for example infrared or radio, can also be used to make a setting using a remote control or a system automation system.
  • the actual temperature T DHW of the heated domestic water DHW detected by the sensor 98 is subtracted from the setpoint T ref.
  • control difference .DELTA.T This outputs a setpoint speed ⁇ ref for the circulating pump 76, with which the circulating pump 46 is controlled so that it feeds a volume flow Q CH of heating medium to the heat exchanger 6.
  • the cold service water DCW flowing in is then heated in this heat exchanger 6, so that it has the output temperature T DHW on the output side of the heat exchanger 6.
  • This actual value T DHW is then, as described, detected by the sensor 98 and fed back to the controller.
  • the speed of the circulating pump 46 and thus the volume flow Q CH of the heating medium is regulated as a function of the starting temperature of the warm domestic water DHW.
  • a disturbance variable feedforward is also provided in the controller 114 in this example.
  • the volume flow of the domestic water is also recorded via the sensor 98 and this domestic water volume flow Q DHW is applied to the controller 114 as a disturbance variable.
  • the temperature T CHin of the heating medium supplied to the heat exchanger 6 by the circulating pump 46 is detected via the temperature sensor 94 and applied to the controller 114 as a disturbance variable.
  • the set speed ⁇ ref of the circulation pump 46 is set accordingly, so that, for example, when the heating medium is colder and / or the hot water volume flow is higher, the speed of the circulation pump 46 can be increased in order to reach the required set temperature T ref for the hot water to be heated more quickly.
  • a further disturbance variable or a further parameter which has an influence on the domestic water temperature T DHW is the temperature T DCW of the inflowing cold domestic water DCW. In the example shown, however, this is not applied to the controller 114 as a disturbance variable, since the cold water temperature is generally essentially constant. In the event that the cold water temperature can be subject to considerable fluctuations, however, it would be conceivable to also apply the temperature T DCW to the controller 114 as a disturbance variable.

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Claims (16)

  1. Unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) qui est prévue pour être utilisée dans une installation de chauffage, comprenant au moins un échangeur de chaleur (6) qui comporte une première voie d'écoulement (10) pour un milieu de chauffage et une seconde voie d'écoulement (12) pour de l'eau industrielle à chauffer, ainsi qu'au moins une pompe de recirculation (46) reliée à la première voie d'écoulement (10) et destinée à transporter le milieu de chauffage,
    la pompe de recirculation (46) étant réglable dans sa vitesse de rotation et l'unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) comprenant une unité de commande (101) qui spécifie la vitesse de rotation de la pompe de recirculation (46) en fonction de la demande de chaleur pour le chauffage de l'eau industrielle,
    et côté entrée de la première voie d'écoulement (10) de l'échangeur de chaleur (6), étant disposé, dans une voie d'écoulement du milieu de chauffage, un capteur de température (94) destiné à détecter la température du milieu de chauffage, côté entrée ou côté sortie de la seconde voie d'écoulement (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur (6), un capteur de débit (98) étant disposé dans la voie d'écoulement de l'eau industrielle, et l'unité de commande (101) étant conçue de telle sorte qu'elle spécifie la vitesse de rotation de la pompe de recirculation (46) transportant le milieu de chauffage, en fonction d'une température du milieu de chauffage détectée par le capteur de température (94) et d'un débit volumique d'eau industrielle détecté par le capteur de débit (98), caractérisée en ce que l'unité de commande (101) est intégrée au moins partiellement dans l'électronique de commande de la pompe de recirculation (46).
  2. Unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, côté sortie de la seconde voie d'écoulement (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur (6), un capteur de température (98) est disposé dans la voie d'écoulement de l'eau industrielle chauffée et en ce que l'unité de commande (101) est conçue de telle sorte qu'elle spécifie la vitesse de rotation de la pompe de recirculation (46) transportant le milieu de chauffage, en fonction de la température de l'eau industrielle détectée par le capteur de température (98).
  3. Unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de commande (101) est conçue de telle sorte que la température de l'eau industrielle détectée par le capteur de température (98) entre en qualité de grandeur commandée dans un circuit de régulation dans lequel la vitesse de rotation de la pompe de recirculation (46) forme une grandeur de réglage qui peut être modifiée par un régulateur (114).
  4. Unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de commande (101) comprend un régulateur (114) avec activation d'une grandeur perturbatrice, la température du milieu de chauffage détectée par le capteur de température (94) et/ou le débit volumique d'eau industrielle détecté par le capteur de débit (98) étant entré(s) comme grandeur(s) perturbatrice(s)
  5. Système de chauffage d'eau industrielle comprenant au moins deux unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) selon l'une des revendications précédentes branchées en parallèle, qui comprennent chacune au moins un échangeur de chaleur (6) qui comporte une première voie d'écoulement (10) pour un milieu de chauffage et une seconde voie d'écoulement (12) pour de l'eau industrielle à chauffer, ainsi qu'au moins une pompe de recirculation (46) reliée à la première voie d'écoulement (10) et destinée à transporter le milieu de chauffage,
    la pompe de recirculation (46) étant réglable dans sa vitesse de rotation et chaque unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) comprenant une unité de commande (101) qui spécifie la vitesse de rotation de la pompe de recirculation (46) en fonction de la demande de chaleur pour le chauffage de l'eau industrielle, et côté entrée de la première voie d'écoulement (10) de l'échangeur de chaleur (6), étant disposé, dans une voie d'écoulement du milieu de chauffage, un capteur de température (94) destiné à détecter la température du milieu de chauffage, côté entrée ou côté sortie de la seconde voie d'écoulement (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur (6), un capteur de débit (98) étant disposé dans la voie d'écoulement de l'eau industrielle, et chaque unité de commande (101) étant conçue de telle sorte qu'elle spécifie la vitesse de rotation de la pompe de recirculation (46) transportant le milieu de chauffage, en fonction d'une température du milieu de chauffage détectée par le capteur de température (94) et d'un débit volumique d'eau industrielle détecté par le capteur de débit (98), caractérisée en ce que les unités de commande (101) des unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) sont conçues de telle sorte qu'en présence d'une demande d'eau industrielle, une des unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) est mise en fonctionnement en premier lieu et que, selon la demande, une ou plusieurs autres unité(s) de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) est ou sont mise(s) en fonctionnement.
  6. Système selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les unités de commande (101) sont conçues de telle sorte qu'une unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) supplémentaire est mise en fonctionnement lorsque la pompe de recirculation (46) transportant le milieu de chauffage qui appartient à une unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) mise en fonctionnement en premier lieu, atteint une vitesse de rotation ou un débit prédéterminé(e).
  7. Système selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les unités de commande (101) sont conçues de telle sorte qu'une des unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) assure une fonction de direction telle qu'en présence d'une demande d'eau industrielle, l'unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle directrice (2) est mise en fonctionnement en premier lieu et que son unité de commande (101) met en fonctionnement une ou plusieurs unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) supplémentaires selon la demande.
  8. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les unités de commande (101) sont conçues de telle sorte qu'après la mise en fonctionnement d'au moins une unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) supplémentaire, la fonction de direction est reportée sur une unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) mise en fonctionnement.
  9. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les unités de commande (101) sont conçues de telle sorte que l'ordre dans lequel les diverses unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) sont mises en fonctionnement à la demande est choisi en fonction de la durée de fonctionnement des diverses unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) de manière à obtenir une exploitation homogène des diverses unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2).
  10. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les unités de commande (101) sont conçues de telle sorte qu'une unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) défectueuse est exclue de la mise en circuit si nécessaire.
  11. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une des plusieurs unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) comprend une seconde pompe de recirculation (76) en tant que pompe de circulation de l'eau industrielle chauffée, les unités de commande (101) étant de préférence conçues de telle sorte que l'unité de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2) comportant la pompe de circulation (76) est mise en fonctionnement exclusivement dans une fonction de circulation ou en cas de charge maximale du système.
  12. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les unités de commande (101) des diverses unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle comprennent chacune une interface de communication, en particulier une interface radio (110), permettant d'établir entre elles une intercommunication sans fil.
  13. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 12, caractérisé en ce que, dans les unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle (2), du côté de sortie de la seconde voie d'écoulement (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur (6), un capteur de température (98) est disposé dans la voie d'écoulement de l'eau industrielle chauffée et en ce que l'unité de commande (101) est conçue de façon telle qu'elle détermine la vitesse de rotation de la pompe de recirculation (46) transportant le milieu de chauffage, en fonction de la température de l'eau industrielle saisie par le capteur de température (98).
  14. Système selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que, dans les unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle, l'unité de commande (101) est conçue de façon telle que la température de l'eau industrielle saisie par le capteur de température (98) entre, en tant que grandeur de réglage, dans un circuit de régulation dans lequel la vitesse de rotation de la pompe de recirculation (46) constitue une grandeur de réglage pouvant être modifiée par un régulateur (114).
  15. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 14, caractérisé en ce que, dans les unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle, l'unité de commande (101) comprend un régulateur (114) avec activation de grandeurs perturbatrices, la température du milieu de chauffage saisie par le capteur de température (94) et/ou le flux volumique d'eau industrielle saisi par le capteur de débit (98) étant activés en tant que grandeurs perturbatrices.
  16. Système selon l'une des revendications 5 à 15, caractérisé en ce que, dans les unités de chauffage d'eau industrielle, l'unité de commande (101) est au moins partiellement intégrée dans l'électronique de commande de la pompe de recirculation (46).
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