Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
  • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
  • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
  • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
  • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
  • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
  • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
  • A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01B—BOILING; BOILING APPARATUS ; EVAPORATION; EVAPORATION APPARATUS
  • B01B1/00—Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes ; Evaporation in general
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/0318—Processes
  • Y10T137/0396—Involving pressure control
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and a device for gassing.
• the invention relates to a method and an apparatus in which a fumigant dissolved in a liquefied gas is vaporized together with the liquefied gas so that it can be used for fumigating a product.
• a device for fumigating goods, such as fruits, especially bananas, a device is known with which a mixture of a liquefied under duck medium, namely CO 2 , and a fumigant is provided in pressure-resistant bottles. From these bottles, the mixture contained therein is withdrawn by means of a dip tube, evaporated, passed through a pressure reducing valve and diluted under supply of compressed air.
• a liquefied under duck medium namely CO 2
• a fumigant is provided in pressure-resistant bottles. From these bottles, the mixture contained therein is withdrawn by means of a dip tube, evaporated, passed through a pressure reducing valve and diluted under supply of compressed air.
• the mixture in the bottles should have a predetermined volume ratio of the liquefied gas and the fumigant.
• the ratio of pressurized liquefied gas and fumigant discharged from the device can vary significantly from the ratio of the two components of the mixture filled in the bottle. It has been shown that initially the ratio of fumigant and pressurized liquefied gas was correct, but with the removal of the proportion of Fumigant has steadily increased. With a remaining degree of filling of about 20% of the bottle, the proportion of fumigant was so high that the further fumigation of such a bottle is stopped and a new bottle is connected to the fumigation device. Therefore, it was only possible to use 80% of the bottle contents in the known device. Since the fumigant is usually a strong poison, the rest of the bottle contents is complex and therefore expensive to dispose of.
• the invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for gassing, with which the gassing can be done much more efficient.
• the inventive method relates to a method for gassing, wherein a mixture of a fumigant and a liquefied under pressure gas is vaporized by the mixture under pressure in a reservoir is passed through an evaporator and a pressure reducing valve, so that the mixture is completely evaporated and the Steam for gassing a product is supplied.
• the mixture is tempered in the reservoir so that it is a supercritical fluid.
• the inventor of the present invention has recognized that in the prior art process, in which the mixture is stored as a liquid in the reservoir, the fumigant is distilled on removal of the mixture because of the much lower boiling point of the liquefied gas in the gas Relative to fumigant the gas liquefied under pressure much more outgassing. This has the consequence that the fumigant is increasingly concentrated in the mixture remaining in the reservoir.
• a supercritical fluid which is also referred to as a supercritical state, can no longer be distinguished in the fluid between liquid and gas.
• the density of the gaseous state and the liquid state of the medium are approximated in the supercritical fluid.
• the fluid is withdrawn in a precisely predetermined ratio the reservoir.
• the contents of the reservoir can be almost completely used, whereby always the desired ratio between fumigant and liquefied under pressure gas is present. It is not necessary to dispose of considerable amounts of the fumigant-containing mixture. This leads to a significant increase in efficiency and cost reduction.
• a diluent gas in particular compressed air, is added to the vaporized mixture to dilute it and atomise the product to be fumigated, the ratio between the mixture and the diluent gas being adjustable by means of replaceable orifices and / or adjustable pressure reducing valves is.
• the mixture in the reservoir is preferably under a pressure of 50 bar to 110 bar. It is heated to a temperature of 35 ° C to 40 0 C. If the mixture is atomized with the addition of compressed air as a diluent gas, then the compressed air is preferably treated by filtering and / or precipitating the moisture contained therein.
• An inventive device for gassing according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises
• a feed tank for receiving a pressurized mixture of a fumigant and a gas liquefied under pressure; a fumigation line for drawing off the mixture from the fumigant;
• a vaporizer arranged in the gassing line and a pressure reduction valve to evaporate the mixture and reduce the pressure
• a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of the mixture in the reservoir so that it is a supercritical fluid.
• a gassing apparatus comprises a reservoir for receiving pressurized fluid
• a gassing line for drawing off the mixture from the reservoir, an evaporator arranged in the gassing line and a
• a compressed air line for supplying diluting gas to dilute the vaporized mixture with the addition of diluting gas; and at least in the gassing line and / or in the diluting gas line, a replaceable orifice and / or an adjustable pressure reducing valve for adjusting the ratio between the diluting gas and the mixture ,
• the apparatus of the invention preferably includes an output valve for controlling the output of the vaporized mixture, the output valve being pneumatically controlled.
• the pneumatically controlled output valve can with a
• Time delay means may be provided such that when driving the output valve, this is kept open for a predetermined period of time.
• the reservoir is preferably a pressure bottle in which the pressurized mixture can be transported from a filling station to the gassing device.
• the tempering device is, for example, a heat mat which can be folded around the pressure bottle.
• Suitable external tempering are, for example, a water bath, a radiant heater and other radiators.
• the tempering device can also be integrated directly into the reservoir, for example in the form of electrical heating wires, which are arranged on the outside or inside of the walls of the reservoir, or heating tubes, which are flowed through by a heating medium.
• all essential parts coming into contact with the mixture and optionally with the diluent gas or the compressed air are formed from a corrosion-resistant material. This is especially true for diaphragms of valves.
• the gassing device 1 comprises a reservoir 2 for receiving a pressurized mixture of a fumigant and a liquefied under pressure gas, a gassing line 3 for withdrawing the mixture from the reservoir 2 and arranged in the gassing line evaporator 12 and a pressure reducing valve 4, to reduce the pressure of the mixture.
• a dip tube 5 is provided, which extends from outside the reservoir 2 into an area just above a bottom wall of the Reservoir 2 extends.
• a closing valve 6 and a coupling element 7 for connecting the dip tube 5 is arranged with the gassing line 3.
• a pressure relief valve 10 is arranged, which prevents that can build up in the gassing an overpressure of, for example, more than 100 bar.
• a further closing valve 11 is arranged, with which the content of the reservoir can be discharged in a controlled manner or the line system can be flushed.
• the evaporator 12 is located in the flow direction 13 before the pressure reducing valve 4.
• the evaporator 12 is provided with a heating device which heats the fluid to a temperature of, for example, 60 ° C. to 90 ° C. This heater is self-regulating. The heating of the fluid is necessary to be performed at the pressure reducing valve 4
• a pressure reduction to 5.8 bar In the present embodiment, a pressure reduction to 5.8 bar.
• the pressure reducing valve 4 is followed by a check valve 14 in the flow direction 13, with which a flow against the flow direction 13 is prevented.
• a diaphragm On the check valve 14 is followed in the gassing line 3, a diaphragm.
• This screen is a disc with an opening of predetermined diameter.
• the aperture 15 of the present embodiment has an opening with a diameter of 1, 0 mm.
• the aperture 15 is replaceable, so that a diaphragm with a different diameter can be used.
• the amount of fluid flowing through the orifice 15 is determined essentially by the pressure set by the pressure reduction valve 4 and the size of the passage opening of the orifice 15. Thus, by varying the pressure and / or the passage opening of the orifice, the flow volume of fluid can be changed.
• a compressed air line 17 leads to a crossing point 18, at which the compressed air line 17 and the gassing line 3 merge and pass into a fumigant discharge line 19.
• a moisture separator 20 In the compressed air line 17 between the compressor 16 and the intersection point 18, a moisture separator 20, a filter device 21, a pressure reducing valve 22, a check valve 23 and a replaceable diaphragm 24 are arranged.
• the filter device 21 has a filter for filtering dust and dirt from the compressed air. This allows the operation of this device even in a dusty, dirty environment, as is common on orchards.
• the pressure reducing valve of the present embodiment is set such that there is a pressure of 4.16 bar on the output side of the pressure reducing valve 22.
• the panel 24 of this embodiment has a through hole with a diameter of 2.0 mm.
• the pressures set by the pressure reducing valves 4, 22 and the passage openings of the two diaphragms 15, 24 are set in the present exemplary embodiment such that the proportion of the mixture in the total flow is 20 vol.% And the proportion of compressed air in the total flow is 80 vol. is.
• a control line 26 branches off from the compressed air line 17 in the region between the filter device 21 and the pressure reducing valve 22 and leads to the output valve 26.
• this pneumatic control line is a foot switch 27, a time delay means 28 and a control valve 29 is arranged.
• the control valve 29 is located in the control line 26 in front of a control input of the output valve 25.
• the time delay device 28 is connected to the foot switch 27 and with a
• Control input of the control valve 29 connected such that upon actuation of the foot switch, a predetermined period of time, the control input of the control valve 29 is controlled such that the control valve is kept open, whereby a control pressure to the control input of the output valve 25 is applied via the control line 26.
• the output valve is kept open by the time delay delayed by the time delay means.
• the storage container 2 is provided according to the invention with a tempering device 31, which keeps the mixture contained in the reservoir 2 of a gas liquefied under pressure and a fumigant at a temperature, so that this mixture forms a supercritical fluid.
• a tempering device 31 keeps the mixture contained in the reservoir 2 of a gas liquefied under pressure and a fumigant at a temperature, so that this mixture forms a supercritical fluid.
• the states of matter in liquid and gaseous form can no longer be distinguished. This prevents that the liquefied gas boiling at a substantially lower temperature than the fumigant gas does not pass into a gas phase and separates from the mixture, as a result of which the fumigant would accumulate in the mixture.
• cryogenic medium is CO 2 (boiling point -78 ° C)
• fumigant is ETF (boiling point + 54 ° C) in a ratio of 16.7% by weight ETF in CO 2 , then at a pressure of 50 to 100 bar and a temperature of 35 ° C to 40 0 C, the mixture to a supercritical fluid.
• Heating device 12 gassed residue-free. Furthermore, the use of CO 2 increases the effectiveness of the fumigant, since insects are stimulated by the increased CO 2 content to increased respiration and thus improves the uptake of the fumigant. In addition, CO 2 is very inert, so that the mixture in the reservoir 2, which is usually a pressure bottle, long shelf life at room temperature.
• This device is used in such a way that goods, in particular fruit during packaging in gas-tight transport containers are gassed with the mixture of the gas mixture and the compressed air, wherein by a single actuation of the foot switch 27, a predetermined amount of fumigant is supplied. After feeding the fumigant, the container is closed.
• the following table shows the proportion of the mixture in% by volume, the diameter of the diaphragm I in mm, the proportion of compressed air in% by volume, the diameter of the diaphragm II in mm and the total flow in l / min for one Pressure of 6 bar listed both in the gassing 3 and in the compressed air line 17.
• Gassing device 17 Compressed air line

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-03-13 DE DE200910013133 patent/DE102009013133A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-01-22 US US13/255,108 patent/US20120118396A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-01-22 CA CA 2754983 patent/CA2754983A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-01-22 KR KR1020117024113A patent/KR20110132448A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 2010-01-22 WO PCT/EP2010/000397 patent/WO2010102693A1/de active Application Filing
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• 2011
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