EP2409011A1 - Dispositif et procede de commande de l'injection de carburant dans un moteur en fonction du taux de recirculation partielle des gaz d'echappement - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de commande de l'injection de carburant dans un moteur en fonction du taux de recirculation partielle des gaz d'echappementInfo
- Publication number
- EP2409011A1 EP2409011A1 EP10715935A EP10715935A EP2409011A1 EP 2409011 A1 EP2409011 A1 EP 2409011A1 EP 10715935 A EP10715935 A EP 10715935A EP 10715935 A EP10715935 A EP 10715935A EP 2409011 A1 EP2409011 A1 EP 2409011A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fresh air
- exhaust
- exhaust gas
- fuel
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
- F02D41/182—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow for the control of a fuel injection device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
- F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
- F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
- F02D41/0072—Estimating, calculating or determining the EGR rate, amount or flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0614—Actual fuel mass or fuel injection amount
- F02D2200/0616—Actual fuel mass or fuel injection amount determined by estimation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is the control of combustion in an internal combustion engine and more particularly the control of fuel injection in an internal combustion engine provided with an exhaust gas recirculation.
- the pollutant emission standards require an increasingly fine control of the combustion and the air intake circuit of internal combustion engines, in particular through the control of the partial recirculation circuit of the combustion gases.
- exhaust (EGR) and different organs located upstream and downstream of the internal combustion engine. Emissions of polluting species are directly related to the relative amounts of air and fuel allowed in the internal combustion engine. Knowledge and control of this parameter are thus important in order to reduce emissions of polluting species.
- the relative amounts of air and fuel admitted into an internal combustion engine are characterized by the richness parameter. This parameter depends on the ratio of the fuel mass to the mass of fresh air admitted.
- a partial exhaust gas recirculation circuit which has the effect of modifying the ratio of the fuel to the fresh air admitted.
- the value of the parameter obtained by calculation or measurement takes into account only the fresh air supplied by the intake circuit. Oxygen and unburned hydrocarbons supplied by the partial recirculation circuit of exhaust gases are therefore ignored.
- the patent application FR 2851014 describes a calculation method taking into account the fresh air from the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gas.
- Such a method would make it possible to determine the quantity of hydrocarbons supplied by the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gases and to reduce by the same amount the fuel injected.
- the object of the invention is to estimate the quantity of fuel injected by taking into account the amount of unburned fuel admitted into the internal combustion engine by the partial recirculation of the exhaust gas.
- Another object of the invention is to estimate the amount of neutral gas in the exhaust gas in order to optimally adjust the quantities of fuel injected and fresh air admitted.
- a device for controlling the fuel admission of an internal combustion engine fitted to a motor vehicle is defined, the internal combustion engine being connected as input to an air intake duct.
- Fresh and exhaust outlet exhaust pipe, itself connected to a catalyst, a partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gas connects the exhaust pipe to the air intake pipe. fresh.
- the device comprises a means for determining the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas, a means for determining the amount of fresh air admitted into the internal combustion engine, and an electronic control means capable of determining the quantity fuel injection according to the signals received from the means for determining the amount of unburned fuel and the means for determining the amount of fresh air admitted.
- the means for determining the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas may comprise a first probe located upstream of the catalyst and a means for estimating the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas as a function of the signals received from the exhaust gas. the first probe.
- the means for determining the quantity of fresh air admitted into the internal combustion engine may comprise a second probe situated upstream of the point of tapping of the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gases on the air intake duct. and a means for estimating the amount of fresh air admitted according to the signals received from the second probe.
- the electronic control means may comprise means for estimating the amount of neutral gas in the exhaust gas as a function of the signals received from the means for estimating the admitted fresh air mass, and means for determining the quantity of fuel to be injected based on the signals received from the means for estimating the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas, the means for estimating the mass of fresh air admitted, and the means for estimating the neutral gases.
- the control device may further include an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, and a turbocharger, the compressor of which is disposed between the fresh air intake duct and the intake manifold, the turbocharger turbine. being arranged between the exhaust pipe and the exhaust manifold, the partial exhaust gas recirculation circuit is connected on the one hand between the exhaust manifold and the turbocharger, and on the other hand, between the collector intake and turbocharger.
- control device may include an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, and a turbocharger, the compressor of which is disposed between the fresh air intake duct and the intake manifold, the turbocharger turbine being disposed between the exhaust pipe and the exhaust manifold, the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gas is connected firstly at the outlet of the catalyst, and secondly upstream of the compressor of the turbocharger.
- a method of controlling the fuel intake of a combustion engine is defined.
- internal combustion engine fitted to a motor vehicle said internal combustion engine being connected at the inlet to a fresh air intake pipe and at the outlet to an exhaust gas exhaust pipe, itself connected to a catalyst, a circuit Partial exhaust gas recirculation connects the exhaust line to the fresh air intake line.
- the method comprises steps in which: the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalyst is determined, the amount of fresh air admitted into the internal combustion engine is determined by the intake pipe of the combustion engine. Fresh air, and the amount of fuel to be injected is determined according to the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas and the amount of fresh air admitted.
- the control method may further comprise steps in which: the amount of neutral gas in the exhaust gas is estimated as a function of the admitted fresh air mass, and the amount of fuel to be injected is determined as a function of the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust, the allowable air mass and the neutral gas ratio.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an internal combustion engine provided with a first partial exhaust gas recirculation circuit and the main elements of an injection control device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates an engine; internal combustion engine provided with a second partial exhaust gas recirculation circuit and the main elements of an injection control device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates the main steps of a method of controlling the quantity of fuel to be injected, according to the invention.
- an internal combustion engine 1 comprising an intake manifold 2, an exhaust manifold 3 connected to an assembly 4 of cylinders via valves not shown.
- the intake manifold 2 and the exhaust manifold 3 are connected to a turbocharger 9. More specifically, the intake manifold 2 is connected to the compressor 9a, the exhaust manifold 3 being connected to the turbine 9b.
- the compressor 9a is connected upstream to a fresh air inlet duct 8 while the turbine 9b is connected at the outlet to an exhaust pipe 5, comprising a catalyst 10 for treating the exhaust gas.
- the partial exhaust gas recirculation circuit 6 comprises a partial exhaust gas recirculation valve 7 for controlling the flow of gases through the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gas and a recirculation line. partial.
- the partial exhaust gas recirculation pipe is stitched between the exhaust manifold 3 and the turbine 9b and connected at the outlet between the intake manifold 2 and the compressor 9a.
- the partial exhaust gas recirculation circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 is moreover qualified as a partial recirculation circuit of the high pressure exhaust gas due to its situation in a part of the powertrain where the pressure is raised by the compressor action
- An electronic control unit 12 is connected to a first probe 1 1 arranged upstream of the catalyst 10 and downstream of the turbocharger 9 via a connection 14.
- the electronic control unit 12 is also connected to means for controlling the injectors by 15.
- the electronic control unit is also connected by a connection 17 to a second probe 16 located between the turbocharger 9 and the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gas 6.
- R comb represents the richness measured by the first probe 1 1 placed at the level of the exhaust pipe 5, that is to say, upstream of the catalyst 10.
- the mass balance of the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber is as follows:
- M ess representing the mass of fuel introduced into the combustion chamber through the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gas
- the total mass of admitted air M is defined as the sum of the mass of fresh air admitted M air and the total mass of gas reinjected by the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gas M
- R inj The richness R inj can then be expressed as a function of the partial recirculation rate of the exhaust gas and the neutral gas rate.
- Equation 13 can be rewritten as follows:
- Equation 15 The only positive solution of Equation 15 is the following partial exhaust gas recirculation rate equation:
- the electronic control unit applies equation 17 to the value of the combustion richness R CO mb determined by the first probe 11, and to the value of the mass of fresh air M air admitted into the intake manifold. determined by the second probe 16 to determine the amount of fuel to be injected M " J s .
- the electronic control unit 12 comprises a means 20 for estimating the quantity of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas, a means 18 for estimating the quantity of fresh air admitted into the internal combustion engine. , means 19 for estimating the level of neutral gases in the exhaust gas, means for estimating the rate of recirculated gas and means for determining the quantity of fuel to be injected.
- the means 18 for estimating the quantity of fresh air is connected at the input to the second probe 16 via the connection 17, and is connected at the output to the estimation means 19 of the neutral gas ratio.
- the means 20 for estimating the amount of unburned fuel is connected at the input to the first probe 11 via the connection 14 and at the outlet by means of the estimate 21 of the recirculated gas ratio and by means of determination 22 of the quantity of fuel. fuel to be injected.
- the means 19 for estimating the level of neutral gases in the exhaust gases is connected at the output by means of estimation 21 of the recirculated gas content, which is itself connected to the means 22 for determining the quantity of fuel to be injected.
- the means 22 for determining the quantity of fuel to be injected is connected at the output to the injector control means, not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, through the connection 15.
- the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gases 6 may be of the low pressure type.
- the partial exhaust gas recirculation duct is stitched out of the catalyst 10 and connected upstream of the compressor 9a to the fresh air inlet duct 8.
- the entire partial gas recirculation circuit The exhaust system is located in a portion of the power train having a pressure lower than the pressure prevailing between the compressor 9a and the turbine 9b.
- the electronic control unit 12 determines the amount of fuel to be injected in a manner similar to the determination described in the context of the first embodiment. However, the estimation of the amount of fuel recirculated through the partial exhaust gas recirculation circuit 6 is modified to account for the catalytic filter effect which degrades unburned hydrocarbons. For this purpose, either a determination of the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the catalyst or a stored value of the catalyst efficiency for the hydrocarbon catalysis is used.
- OSC oxygen storage capacity
- the control method is illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the process starts with a step 23 of estimating the fresh air mass admitted to Mair. This mass is determined according to the signal received from the second probe 16.
- the method continues with a step 24 of estimating the level of neutral gas TGN- Equation 16 makes it possible to determine TGN as a function of the variables previously determined or measured.
- step 25 the combustion richness R C omb is determined.
- the combustion richness is determined as a function of the signal received from the first probe 11.
- Equation 16 makes it possible to determine T E G R as a function of the variables previously determined or measured.
- step 27 ends in step 27 during which the amount of fuel to be injected is determined.
- the injection control device and method that have just been described makes it possible to accurately determine a strictly necessary quantity of fuel to be injected into an internal combustion engine in order to obtain a mixture of gases admitted to the engine having the desired wealth. This richness may vary according to the operating phase of the engine, the invention is capable of determining in real time the injection parameters in order to pass on these changes in operation without delay and in order to maintain optimum operation.
- control device works equally well with a partial recirculation circuit of the low-pressure and high-pressure exhaust gases, at the cost of a few adjustments of the method making it possible to take into account the placement of the partial recirculation circuit of the exhaust gases. exhaust.
- the control device and method is also capable of determining the amount of neutral gas present in the exhaust gas in order to optimally adjust the quantities of fuel and fresh air admitted. Precise control of the richness of the admitted mixture is thus possible.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0951756A FR2943385B1 (fr) | 2009-03-19 | 2009-03-19 | Dispositif et procede de commande de l'injection de carburant dans un moteur en fonction du taux de recirculation partielle des gaz d'echappement |
| PCT/FR2010/050451 WO2010106273A1 (fr) | 2009-03-19 | 2010-03-15 | Dispositif et procede de commande de l'injection de carburant dans un moteur en fonction du taux de recirculation partielle des gaz d'echappement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2409011A1 true EP2409011A1 (fr) | 2012-01-25 |
Family
ID=41259663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10715935A Withdrawn EP2409011A1 (fr) | 2009-03-19 | 2010-03-15 | Dispositif et procede de commande de l'injection de carburant dans un moteur en fonction du taux de recirculation partielle des gaz d'echappement |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9002622B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2409011A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5550714B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2943385B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010106273A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5617272B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-13 | 2014-11-05 | マツダ株式会社 | 空燃比検出手段の出力特性測定方法及び出力特性測定装置 |
| US20140318597A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-30 | Azam Khan | High efficiency solar device with sensors |
| WO2017021890A1 (fr) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | Goal Zero Llc | Commande de système de panneau solaire portable |
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| JP3658115B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-20 | 2005-06-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JPH10288099A (ja) * | 1997-02-14 | 1998-10-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | エンジンの排気再循環装置 |
| DE19730403C1 (de) * | 1997-07-16 | 1998-10-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Mehrzylindrige, luftverdichtende Einspritzbrennkraftmaschine |
| US6269791B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2001-08-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control system for an internal combustion engine |
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| US6138650A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-31 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method of controlling fuel injectors for improved exhaust gas recirculation |
| JP4103264B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2008-06-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 圧縮着火エンジンの制御装置 |
| JP2001115822A (ja) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-24 | Hino Motors Ltd | ディーゼルエンジンのパティキュレートフィルタ再生装置 |
| JP3991619B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-26 | 2007-10-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置 |
| SE524706C2 (sv) * | 2002-06-03 | 2004-09-21 | Stt Emtec Ab | Anordning och förfarande för rening av avgaser samt användning av anordningen vid en diselmotor |
| JP2004036544A (ja) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-02-05 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 内燃機関の故障検出装置 |
| US6857263B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2005-02-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The Environmental Protection Agency | Low emission diesel combustion system with low charge-air oxygen concentration levels and high fuel injection pressures |
| DE10241505A1 (de) * | 2002-09-07 | 2004-03-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
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| JP4089396B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-15 | 2008-05-28 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | ターボチャージャーを備えた内燃機関のegrシステム |
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-
2009
- 2009-03-19 FR FR0951756A patent/FR2943385B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-03-15 JP JP2012500294A patent/JP5550714B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-15 US US13/256,784 patent/US9002622B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-15 WO PCT/FR2010/050451 patent/WO2010106273A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2010-03-15 EP EP10715935A patent/EP2409011A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2943385A1 (fr) | 2010-09-24 |
| JP2012520968A (ja) | 2012-09-10 |
| US20120004834A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
| WO2010106273A1 (fr) | 2010-09-23 |
| JP5550714B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
| US9002622B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
| FR2943385B1 (fr) | 2014-07-18 |
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