EP2407994A2 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un commutateur électrique dans un appareil ménager et appareil ménager avec commutateur électrique - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un commutateur électrique dans un appareil ménager et appareil ménager avec commutateur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2407994A2
EP2407994A2 EP11172187A EP11172187A EP2407994A2 EP 2407994 A2 EP2407994 A2 EP 2407994A2 EP 11172187 A EP11172187 A EP 11172187A EP 11172187 A EP11172187 A EP 11172187A EP 2407994 A2 EP2407994 A2 EP 2407994A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
movable element
switch
voltage
electromagnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11172187A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2407994A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert Elko
Soheil Mohseni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP2407994A2 publication Critical patent/EP2407994A2/fr
Publication of EP2407994A3 publication Critical patent/EP2407994A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H2047/025—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay with taking into account of the thermal influences, e.g. change in resistivity of the coil or being adapted to high temperatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an electrical switch, in particular a relay, in a household appliance.
  • the switch has a movable element - namely in particular a movable electrical contact element - and an electromagnet for moving the movable element from a first position to a second position.
  • a coil of the electromagnet is subjected to an electrical voltage, so that the movable member is moved from the first position to the second position. Then, an average value of the electric voltage is reduced to a value greater than zero at which the movable element remains in the second position.
  • the invention also relates to a household appliance with an electrical switch.
  • a variety of electrical switches are used, namely, for example, a plurality of relays. These switches are usually used to control electrical consumers of the household appliance. The electrical consumer is supplied with electrical energy via the switch.
  • a relay includes a movable contact element and a stationary contact element. The movable contact element can be moved between a first position, in which the contact elements are electrically separated from one another, and a second position, in which the contact elements are electrically short-circuited with each other.
  • an electromagnet is used for attracting the movable contact element.
  • a coil of the electromagnet is energized in two different ways: It is first applied to the coil, a DC electrical voltage to securely attract the movable member.
  • a relatively large amount of electrical power is thus output to the electromagnet, so that the movable element can be moved reliably from the first position to the second position. If the movable contact element is in the second position, the electrical power delivered to the electromagnet is reduced.
  • the electrical voltage with which the coil is charged pulse-width modulated. In this way, the mean value of the electrical voltage can be reduced, namely to a value which ensures the maintenance of the second position of the movable contact element.
  • first operating phase in the first operating phase, the movable element is moved to the second position, and it will deliver a high power to the electromagnet, while in the second phase of operation, the power is reduced, and the movable contact element is held in the second position.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • a constant duty cycle duty cycle is generally set in the prior art, for example to a value of about 60%.
  • the publication DE 196 47 215 A1 describes a method for controlling solenoid valves.
  • a solenoid coil is subjected to a high-current electrical starting current.
  • a holding current of lower current is generated, namely by means of a current clock device.
  • a measuring device measures the current intensity of the current that flows through the magnetic coil. Depending on the detected current intensity then this current is regulated to a predetermined setpoint.
  • An inventive method is used to operate an electrical switch, namely in particular a relay, in a household appliance.
  • the switch comprises a movable element and an electromagnet, by means of which the movable element can be moved from a first position to a second position.
  • a voltage is applied to a coil of the electromagnet. Due to the current flow through the coil of the electromagnet caused by the applied voltage, a magnetic field is generated by which the movable element is moved from the first position to the second position. If the movable element is in the second position, an average value of the electrical voltage is reduced to a value greater than zero at which the movable element remains in the second position.
  • a temperature of an environment of the switch is detected, and in the second position of the movable element, the mean value of the electric voltage is adjusted as a function of the temperature such that the average is greater at a higher temperature than at a lower temperature.
  • the mean value of the voltage is adjusted so that at the detected temperature, a minimum necessary current flows through the coil of the electromagnet, so that the magnetic field generated thereby, the movable member is held in the second position.
  • a temperature of the environment of the switch can be measured and the mean value of the voltage can be set to be lower at a lower first temperature value than at a second higher temperature value.
  • the invention is based on the fact that an ohmic internal resistance of the coil of the electromagnet is dependent on the ambient temperature of the switch. The relationship holds that the internal resistance of the coil at a higher temperature is greater than at a lower temperature.
  • the average value is usually set to a value at which the movable member can be securely held in the second position even at an assumed worst case temperature (eg, 85 ° C). At a temperature of 85 ° C, the internal resistance of the coil is for example 300 ⁇ .
  • the average value of the electrical voltage is set as a function of the ambient temperature, the power delivered to the electromagnet can be saved, and the movable element can nevertheless be securely held in the second position.
  • the relay requires only a current of 18 mA. If the mean value of the voltage at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C, for example, reduced to a value of 4.5 V, results in the internal resistance of the coil of 250 ⁇ , a current of about 18 mA - sufficient to maintain the second Position. The electric power is now 160 mW and is thus equal to the power delivered at the ambient temperature of 85 ° C.
  • the setting of the mean value of the voltage in dependence from the measured temperature the advantage that certain changes in the current intensity of the current can be allowed. Such minor changes in current versus temperature may be required to safely hold the movable member in the second position.
  • a domestic appliance is understood as meaning a device which is used for household management.
  • This may be a large household appliance, such as a washing machine, a tumble dryer, a dishwasher, a cooking appliance, a cooker hood, a refrigerator, a fridge-freezer or an air conditioner.
  • this can also be a small household appliance, such as a coffee machine or a food processor.
  • the electrical voltage is pulse width modulated. Then, the mean value of the voltage as a function of the temperature can be adjusted by a duty cycle (duty cycle) of the electrical voltage - in particular at a constant frequency - is changed depending on the temperature. Thus, the mean value of the electrical voltage can be changed without much effort.
  • the mean value of the voltage as a function of the temperature can be adjusted such that a holding force generated by the electromagnet, which holds the movable element in the second position, is substantially equal in magnitude to a restoring force, which on the movable element against the holding force acts.
  • the holding force may be equal to or slightly greater than the restoring force, namely, for example, by 1% or 2% or 3% or 4% or 5% larger.
  • the average value of the voltage is set so that the movable member can barely remain in the second position.
  • the mean value can be set as a function of the measured temperature such that an electrical current of constant current flows through the coil-in particular with an accuracy of +/- 5%.
  • This current can be set to a value that resulting in the safe maintenance of the second position of the movable element for a most unfavorable ambient temperature, namely, for example, from the manufacturer's information in a data sheet for the switch. If this current is kept constant above the temperature, it is ensured on the one hand that this current is sufficient for maintaining the second position of the movable element; On the other hand, there is thus a saving in performance, namely at lower temperatures.
  • the mean value in the second position of the movable element, can be adjusted as a function of the temperature in such a way that an electric current flows through the coil with such a current that results in an assumed worst-case value of the temperature.
  • This unfavorable value of the temperature as well as a set value for the current intensity at this temperature can result, for example, from information from the manufacturer, namely from a data sheet.
  • An inventive household appliance comprises an electrical switch, in particular a relay, as well as a control device for driving the switch.
  • the switch has a movable member and an electromagnet which serves to move the movable member from a first position to a second position.
  • the controller may apply a voltage to a coil of the solenoid to move the movable member from the first position to the second position.
  • the controller may then reduce an average of the voltage to a value greater than zero at which the movable element remains in the second position.
  • the control device adjusts the mean value of the electrical voltage as a function of a detected temperature of an environment of the switch such that the mean value is greater at a higher temperature than at a lower temperature.
  • a household appliance 1 As it is in Fig. 1 is shown in a schematic and highly abstract representation, there is an electrical switch 2, namely a relay.
  • the switch 2 comprises a movable contact element 3, as well as a stationary contact element 4.
  • the movable contact element 3 can between a in Fig. 1 shown first position in which the contact elements 3, 4 are electrically isolated from each other, and a second position to be moved, in which the two contact elements 3, 4 are electrically short-circuited together.
  • an electrical load of the household appliance 1 can be supplied with electrical energy via the contact elements 3, 4.
  • a drive motor can be supplied with electrical energy via the contact elements 3, 4.
  • the switch 2 For moving the movable contact element 3, the switch 2 comprises an electromagnet 5, which has a coil 6.
  • the electromagnet 5 can attract the movable contact element 3, namely due to a magnetic force.
  • Parallel to the coil 6, a freewheeling diode 7 is connected, whose cathode is connected to a first terminal 8 of the coil 6 and whose anode is connected to a second terminal 9 of the coil 6.
  • the cathode 7 and the first terminal 8 are connected to a terminal 10, to which a DC voltage U1 is provided, namely to a reference potential 11.
  • a voltage U R drops.
  • the anode of the freewheeling diode 7 and the second terminal 9 of the coil 6 are connected to the collector 12 of an NPN bipolar transistor 13.
  • the emitter 14 is connected to the reference potential 11.
  • the control terminal 15 of the bipolar transistor 13 is connected to a control output of a control device 16.
  • the controller 16 may include, for example, a microcontroller, as well as a digital signal processor.
  • the NPN bipolar transistor 13 other types of transistors, such as MOSFET, or other semiconductor switches may be used.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the electrical voltage U R over the time t, as well as a time course of the current strength of a current flowing through the coil 6 the current I R.
  • the operation of the switch 2 is divided into two different phases of operation.
  • the first operating phase - namely during a time interval t1 - the coil 6 is supplied with the constant DC voltage U1.
  • the transistor 13 is turned on for the entire period of the first phase of operation.
  • the current intensity of the current I R in the first phase of operation is relatively large.
  • the movable contact element 3 is attracted by the electromagnet 5 and moved to the second position, in which the contact elements 3, 4 are short-circuited together. If the movable contact element 3 is in the second position, the transition is made to the second operating phase (time interval t2).
  • the current intensity of the current I R can now be reduced. This is achieved by reducing the mean value of the voltage U R.
  • the voltage U R is pulse-width-modulated, namely with the aid of the transistor 13.
  • the control device 16 now switches the Transistor 13 alternately between a conductive and a blocking state.
  • the voltage U R now includes voltage pulses with a time duration t3. A time interval between two successive voltage pulses is in Fig. 2 denoted by t4.
  • a period of the voltage U R is t5.
  • the frequency of the voltage U R is equal to 1 / t5 and is 16 kHz in the embodiment.
  • a duty ratio DC of the voltage U R is equal to t3 / t5.
  • the control device 16 receives information signals which contain information about the respective instantaneous temperature T of the environment of the switch 2. This temperature T can be measured, for example, with the aid of a sensor, for example an NTC sensor (Negative Temperature Coefficient).
  • the control device 16 adjusts the duty ratio DC of the voltage U R in the second operating phase of the switch 2 as a function of the respective instantaneous value of the measured temperature T.
  • the current intensity of the current I R can be set in principle to a constant value which is sufficient for the maintenance of the second position of the movable contact element 3.
  • the holding force that the electromagnet 5 exerts on the movable contact element 3 is substantially equal to or slightly larger than a restoring force acting against the holding force.
  • the restoring force can be generated for example by means of a spring.
  • the duty cycle DC may become smaller at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures can be set, wherein the current strength above the temperature T can be set to such a constant value, which results for the said worst case.
  • Fig. 3 is shown on the basis of a bar graph, the dependence of the output to the electromagnet 5 power P of the temperature T.
  • the 17 with designated area represents the area in which is usually worked. How out Fig. 3 shows the power P increases slightly with the temperature T. At lower temperatures T, the power P is very low.
  • Fig. 4 is also shown by a bar graph, the dependence of the duty cycle DC of the internal resistance R of the coil 6, which results in the adjustment of the duty cycle as a function of the temperature T.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
EP11172187.4A 2010-07-14 2011-06-30 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un commutateur électrique dans un appareil ménager et appareil ménager avec commutateur électrique Withdrawn EP2407994A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010031333 DE102010031333B4 (de) 2010-07-14 2010-07-14 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes in einem Haushaltsgerät, Steuereinrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens und Haushaltsgerät mit einer derartigen Steuereinrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2407994A2 true EP2407994A2 (fr) 2012-01-18
EP2407994A3 EP2407994A3 (fr) 2013-07-03

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EP11172187.4A Withdrawn EP2407994A3 (fr) 2010-07-14 2011-06-30 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un commutateur électrique dans un appareil ménager et appareil ménager avec commutateur électrique

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EP (1) EP2407994A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010031333B4 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107026051A (zh) * 2016-02-02 2017-08-08 Ls 产电株式会社 用于磁性接触器的磁性线圈驱动电路

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012222129A1 (de) * 2012-12-04 2014-06-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Ansteuerkreises eines elektromagnetischen Schalters
DE102013219864A1 (de) * 2013-10-01 2015-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Spulenansteuerung
DE102014209112A1 (de) * 2014-05-14 2015-11-19 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Ventileinrichtung für ein Haushaltsgerät, Haushaltsgerät und entsprechendes Verfahren
DE102016100188A1 (de) * 2016-01-05 2017-07-06 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Steuervorrichtung für einen elektromagnetischen Antrieb eines Schaltgeräts
DE102019109176A1 (de) * 2019-04-08 2020-10-08 Schaltbau Gmbh Verfahren zum Schließen eines Schaltschützes und Schaltschütz mit Temperaturkompensation
CN110970262A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-07 合肥美的智能科技有限公司 功率继电器的驱动控制装置和方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19647215A1 (de) 1996-01-19 1997-07-24 Festo Kg Schaltungsanordnung zur Steuerung von Magnetventilen
EP1198885B1 (fr) 1999-07-26 2003-09-17 Moeller GmbH Mecanisme d'entrainement electronique

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29909901U1 (de) * 1999-06-08 1999-09-30 Moeller GmbH, 53115 Bonn Elektronische Antriebssteuerung für einen Schützantrieb

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19647215A1 (de) 1996-01-19 1997-07-24 Festo Kg Schaltungsanordnung zur Steuerung von Magnetventilen
EP1198885B1 (fr) 1999-07-26 2003-09-17 Moeller GmbH Mecanisme d'entrainement electronique

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107026051A (zh) * 2016-02-02 2017-08-08 Ls 产电株式会社 用于磁性接触器的磁性线圈驱动电路
EP3203491A1 (fr) * 2016-02-02 2017-08-09 LSIS Co., Ltd. Circuit de commande de bobine magnétique pour contacteur magnétique
CN107026051B (zh) * 2016-02-02 2019-02-05 Ls 产电株式会社 用于磁性接触器的磁性线圈驱动电路
US10250031B2 (en) 2016-02-02 2019-04-02 Lsis Co., Ltd. Magnetic coil driving circuit for magnetic contactor

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Publication number Publication date
EP2407994A3 (fr) 2013-07-03
DE102010031333A1 (de) 2012-01-19
DE102010031333B4 (de) 2012-03-15

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