EP3357300A1 - Appareil électroménager - Google Patents

Appareil électroménager

Info

Publication number
EP3357300A1
EP3357300A1 EP16760744.9A EP16760744A EP3357300A1 EP 3357300 A1 EP3357300 A1 EP 3357300A1 EP 16760744 A EP16760744 A EP 16760744A EP 3357300 A1 EP3357300 A1 EP 3357300A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relay
switching
coil current
domestic appliance
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16760744.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Koch
Manfred Plankl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP3357300A1 publication Critical patent/EP3357300A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
    • G01R31/3278—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches of relays, solenoids or reed switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a household appliance, comprising at least one mechanical relay and a switch detection device for detecting a switching of at least one mechanical relay.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a domestic appliance, which has at least one mechanical relay.
  • the invention is particularly advantageously applicable to cooking appliances, in particular ovens, hobs and / or cookers, in particular for switching heating elements.
  • Household appliances often use electronic circuits with mechanical relays to switch radiators, motors and other electrical loads or consumers.
  • a number of switching operations with adhesive effects increase or a contact sticks permanently. This can, for example, overheating of the heating elements or other
  • a zero-crossing circuit of the relays is currently due to turn-on and turn-off delays of the relays - e.g. be influenced by a mounting position, life, relay coil voltage, ambient temperature and manufacturing tolerances - not easily feasible.
  • DE 195 24 755 A1 discloses a device for stroke monitoring of solenoids, which can be used to monitor whether switching solenoids have actually switched after being switched on.
  • the criterion for this is the mathematical derivation of the current used by the relay coil of the solenoid.
  • the mathematical derivation of the current through the relay coil of the solenoid can be represented by means of a transformer.
  • WO 2008/064694 A1 discloses a method for detecting the operability of an electrical relay, which is charged for opening and / or closing an electrical contact device with a control coil current, wherein an armature moves due to a control coil current induced magnetic field. The functionality is derived from the determination of a current armature travel when switching on and / or off the relay.
  • WO 2013/189527 A1 discloses a relay coil having relay contacts and a relay armature operatively connected to the relay contacts, and a monitoring device adapted to monitor the operation of the relay.
  • a current measuring device is provided in the current path of the relay coil, which is used to measure a coil current flowing through the relay coil and to discharge a current signal indicative of the coil current is set up to the monitoring device, and the monitoring device for monitoring the functionality of the relay uses the current signal.
  • US 201 1/0228438 A1 discloses a relay failure detecting apparatus comprising: an opening-closing unit that is driven by a relay coil for opening and closing a current path; a detection unit that detects a current value of a coil current flowing in the relay coil; an opening-closing instruction unit that outputs an instruction signal for instructing opening and closing of the opening-closing unit; and an error detection unit that detects an error in the opening-closing unit using the current value output from the detection unit within a predetermined period of time.
  • US 6,233,132 B1 discloses an electromechanical relay drive system which prolongs relay life by ensuring that, during operation of the relay, contact between the contact electrodes is closed and opened at a zero crossing point of the waveform. Relay aging and environmental changes are dynamically compensated each time the electromechanical relay is actuated to ensure the correct timing of the relay turning on and off at the zero crossing point.
  • a household appliance comprising at least one mechanical relay and a switch detection device for detecting a switching of at least one mechanical relay, wherein the switch detection means at least one measuring device for measuring an electric coil current, which flows through the relay when switching the relay, and at least one Having evaluation device for detecting the switching of the at least one relay based on the measured coil current.
  • This household appliance has the advantage that it can be reliably detected whether and when a contact of the relay is actually switched or switched.
  • the most frequent failure phenomenon namely the sticking of the relay contact
  • Bonding is critical, especially for cooking appliances, as it can lead to overheating of the heaters activated by them.
  • safety-critical conditions can be prevented by a failure of a relay, without having to perform the effort of a switching contact monitoring with respect to load current or load voltage.
  • a delay time after applying a voltage (“relay coil voltage”) to a relay coil of the relay and the actual switching time can be determined, for example, from a mounting position, a remaining Lifespan, the relay coil voltage, an ambient temperature and manufacturing tolerances of the relay, etc. is dependent and therefore difficult to predict exactly in practice.
  • the at least one relay may be part of an electronic circuit.
  • An electronic circuit may, in particular, be understood to mean a control, regulating and / or amplifier circuit and components used therefor.
  • a relay or mechanical relay is in particular a operated by electric current, electromagnetically acting remote-controlled switch understood in particular two switching positions.
  • the relay is e.g. activated by the electronic circuit and can switch at least one circuit or alternatively open and close.
  • An electronic switch such as a transistor is in particular no mechanical relay.
  • the mechanical relay can be operated so that a coil current in a relay coil generates a magnetic flux through a ferromagnetic core and a movably mounted, likewise ferromagnetic, armature thereon. At an air gap, there is an effect of force on the armature, causing it to switch one or more contacts.
  • the anchor may e.g. be reset by spring force in the starting position as soon as the relay coil is no longer energized.
  • the contact of the mechanical relay can be designed as a normally open or normally open contact, ie, the contact is closed when the armature or currentless relay coil is open and when the armature or current-carrying relay coil is energized.
  • the contact can also be designed as a normally closed contact or normally closed, ie, that it interrupts the circuit in the attracted state of the relay.
  • a combination of normally closed and normally open is referred to as a changeover or changeover contact.
  • a relay may have one or more such contacts. Consequently, the relay can be a "quiescent current relay” when it is powered by current and energized in idle mode. It may alternatively be a "working current relay” when it is de-energized at rest.
  • the switch detection device can also be used as a "monitoring device” or the like. be designated.
  • the household appliance may have at least one mechanical relay that is not monitored for switching.
  • the detection of the switching of the at least one relay may include a positive detection of a switching ("switching successful") and / or a negative detection of a switching ("switching not done”).
  • the switching may include switching on and / or off the relay or establishing and / or releasing the contact of the relay.
  • the switch identification device and the evaluation device can be different modules or can be functionally integrated in an assembly.
  • the switch detection device and / or the evaluation device may be part or function of the electronic circuit, which also has the at least one mechanical relay.
  • the electronic circuit can thus have a switch detection and / or evaluation function.
  • the domestic appliance is a large household appliance (for example, a cooking appliance, a laundry care appliance such as a washing machine and / or a tumble dryer, a dishwashing appliance such as a dishwasher and / or a dishwashing disinfector, a refrigerator such as a refrigerator and / or a freezer, etc.).
  • the household appliance is in particular a kitchen appliance (for example in the sense of "white goods").
  • the domestic appliance has, in particular, an oven or an oven functionality and / or a hob or a hob function. So the home appliance can be a stand-alone oven or a stove as an oven / hob combination.
  • the oven may also have a steam cooking and / or microwave function.
  • the household appliance may have at least one relay-controlled load or at least one relay-controlled consumer, for example a fan motor, a heating element, etc.
  • the at least one evaluation device is set up to detect the switching of the at least one associated relay on the basis of a local extreme point of a course of the measured coil current. This is a particularly safe and easily implementable manner for detecting a switching (or a fault) of the relay and / or a delay time.
  • the minimum of the power dip at power up is the time at which the relay contact is closed, and thus the time of actually closing the contact can be determined.
  • the maximum of the current increase is the time of the actual opening of the switching contact. If the contact armature is not moved, eg because of a gluing effect ("glue") or another mechanical or electrical defect, no current incursion or current increase occurs, and thus a non-switching of the relay can also be due to a lack of current sag or current increase be detected.
  • the at least one evaluation device is set up to switch the at least one associated relay by means of an Nes local minimum (in particular current sinking) of the course of the measured coil current when turning on the relay and / or based on a local maximum (in particular increase in current) to detect the course of the measured coil current when switching off the relay.
  • an Nes local minimum in particular current sinking
  • a local maximum in particular increase in current
  • the delay time between the start of the application of the relay coil voltage and the actual closing of the contact or the contacting of the coil contact can also be determined in a simple manner.
  • the delay time between the switching off of the relay coil voltage and the actual opening of the contact or the release of the coil contact can be determined in a simple manner from a current increase during a switch-off operation. In general, the delay time between a change in the applied relay coil voltage and the actual switching of the contact can thus be easily determined.
  • the household appliance and in particular its electronic circuit is adapted to determine a delay time (duration) between a start of application of the relay coil voltage and a time of actually closing the contact of the contact elements of the relay and this period of time to be used as an input for phase-dependent switching of the relay.
  • a delay time duration
  • consumers can be switched on or off at certain phase positions in a circuit that can be switched by the relay.
  • the phasing-dependent switching may in particular comprise a switching of the relay or the associated at least one consumer.
  • the consumers can be switched on or off at specific phase positions of a supply alternating voltage, for example a mains voltage.
  • the phase position can thus correspond to an alternating voltage (especially mains voltage) phase angle.
  • the domestic appliance can have a switching time point control which is dependent on a mains voltage phase position in order, for example, to switch consumers on or off at specific phase positions. It can be realized by detecting the actual switching time so phasenlageuke switching times.
  • the switching timing controller may be a part or function of the electronic circuit.
  • the shift timing control may be a shift timing control. Due to the phase-dependent switching timing control, in particular expensive relays such as inrush relays etc. can be replaced by standard relays and thus costs can be saved. Inrush relays have been used in part for capacitive loads because they can withstand the high inrush current when switching capacitors.
  • the household appliance is set up to measure the local extreme point in the current course (eg the current dip) at each switching or switching cycle, since the delay time between the application of the relay coil voltage and the actual switching time may depend on time-varying conditions, eg from the ambient temperature, the remaining life of the relay, etc.
  • the home appliance, and more particularly its electronic circuit is arranged to have a delay time between a start of a relay coil voltage of the relay and an actual closure of the associated contact of the relay and to use this time as an input to a zero-crossing circuit of the relay.
  • the household appliance and in particular its electronic circuit, is arranged to determine a delay time between an end of applying a relay coil voltage of the relay and an actual opening of the associated contact of the relay and this time period as an input for to use a zero crossing circuit of the relay.
  • the zero crossing circuit may be a special case of phasing dependent switching.
  • the relay contacts switch de-energized circuits, and thus increases the life of the relay drastically. This results in a significant increase in their service life, especially for relays that switch high ohmic loads such as heating elements.
  • cheaper relays eg, standard relays instead of inrush relays
  • E MV disturbances like "Flicker” or "click disturbances” etc., which can occur for example when switching heating elements, can be avoided.
  • the zero-crossing circuit in particular creates the possibility of designing the domestic appliance (eg by a corresponding design of the electronic circuit) so that at least one relay is switched on and / or off precisely in the voltage zero crossing of the supply alternating voltage, in particular the mains voltage.
  • the relays switching high resistive loads results in a significant increase in service life.
  • the household appliance - and in particular its electronic circuit - are adapted to trigger at least one action when detecting a non-performed switching (and thus a relay defect) of at least one relay.
  • the action comprises the issuing of at least one reference.
  • the note can be displayed, for example, in a display of the household appliance and / or wirelessly on a mobile device (eg a smartphone) are output.
  • the hint may be a customer alert requesting the customer or user to contact customer support.
  • the hint can be alternatively or additionally communicated directly to a customer service, for example via a corresponding communication interface of the household appliance.
  • the output of the at least one hint can be triggered, for example, by the electronic circuit.
  • the domestic appliance and in particular its electronic circuit are adapted to bring the electronic circuit in a predefined state upon detection of a non-performed switching of at least one relay (and thus a relay defect).
  • the household appliance is adapted to detect the switching of at least one relay based on a test coil current. This provides the advantage that the at least one relay can be checked without actual load current. This is especially true in the event that a main switch relay is present.
  • the household appliance is a cooking appliance (eg oven, a hob and / or a stove) and at least one relay is provided to switch a circuit with at least one heating element and / or at least one fan motor. It is a development of that at least one heating element by means of the associated relay clocked is operated or energized. In this case, a duty cycle of the clock, for example, depends on a set cooking level or temperature and can be, for example, several seconds.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for operating a household appliance, which has at least one mechanical relay, wherein in the method, an electrical coil current, which flows when switching the relay, is measured and based on the measured coil current switching of the relay is detected.
  • the method can be designed analogously to the household appliance and has the same advantages. Thus, a success or failure of a switching (switching on and / or off) of the relay and / or a delay time can be determined.
  • FIG. 1 shows a (electro) mechanical relay 1 with a relay coil 2 and a ferromagnetic armature 3.
  • the relay coil 2 can be charged and energized via a switching connection 4 with a relay coil voltage, wherein a coil current I (t ) flows.
  • the coil current I (t) generates in the relay coil 2 a magnetic flux through its ferromagnetic core (not shown) and the movably mounted, likewise ferromagnetic armature 3.
  • At an air gap S there is a force on the armature 3, whereby this one or more contacts with corresponding contact elements 5 switches.
  • the armature 3 is returned by spring force to the starting position as soon as the relay coil 2 is no longer energized.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a household appliance 7 with a switch detection device 8.
  • the switch detection device 8 is part of an electronic, electronic module or electronic circuit 9 of the household appliance 7.
  • the electronic circuit 9 can, for example via a microcontroller 10 specifically (here: four) relay 1 turn.
  • a microcontroller 10 specifically (here: four) relay 1 turn.
  • the household appliance 7 may be or have an oven and / or a hob
  • the load L may be an electrically operable heating element such as a circulating air, bottom heat, top heat radiator, cooking surface heating element, etc., or a fan motor, and many more.
  • the microcontroller 10 can switch on a transistor 14 via corresponding control lines 12 and series resistors 13, here e.g. by applying a voltage to a base of a pnp bipolar transistor 14 and thereby generating a corresponding switching current.
  • the transistor 14 is connected to its emitter with an equipotential 15, while the collector is connected to one of the load terminals 6 of the relay 1.
  • the equipotential 15 may be e.g. be a predetermined DC potential.
  • the other load terminal 6 is connected in series via a shunt 16 to ground GND, so that a voltage is applied between the equipotential 15 and the ground GND.
  • a coil current I (t) for switching the relay 1 flowing from the equipotential 15 through the PNP bipolar transistor 14, the relay coil 2 and the shunt 16 to the ground GND may be generated.
  • a diode 17 is connected in anti-parallel to the series circuit of relay coil 2 and shunt 16. The diode may act as a freewheeling diode to prevent voltage spikes generated when the relay 1 is turned off from the transistor 14.
  • a "fast" Schottky diode 18 is used, the anode to the load terminal 6, which is also connected to the shunt 16 is connected.
  • the cathode of the Schottky diode 18 is connected to an input of an A D converter 19 of the microcontroller 10.
  • the measuring device may therefore comprise in particular the shunt 16, the Schottky diode 18 and the A / D converter 19.
  • the microcontroller 10 can also be used as an evaluation device for detecting a switching of the at least one relay 1 on the basis of the measured coil current I (t).
  • the microcontroller 10 can detect, for example, the switching of the at least one associated relay 1 on the basis of a local minimum when the relay is switched on and / or on the basis of a local maximum when the relay 1 is switched off. Also, the microcontroller 10 may determine a delay time between application of the equipotential voltage to the relay 1 and a timing of switching of the relay 1, and to use this time as an input to phase shift dependent switching of the relay 1, particularly for a zero crossing circuit. For the implementation of the zero crossing circuit, a phase zero crossing signal is required. For this purpose, a zero-crossing signal generator is used, which is already known from electronic hearths. The zero crossing signal generator may for example represent a part of the electronic circuit 9 or be functionally integrated in the electronic circuit 9.
  • the microcontroller 10 waits for a phase zero crossing signal (which detects a zero crossing of the mains voltage) from the zero crossing signal generator. After receipt of this signal, the microcontroller 10 switches the relay 1 eg after 10 ms (which corresponds to a time of another zero crossing of the mains voltage) less a typical delay time of the relay 1 of eg 4 ms, ie in this example 6 ms after receipt of the phase zero crossing signal , In this case, the coil current I (t) is measured by the relay coil 2 and the time of the current minimum of the current dip is determined.
  • Analog can be moved when opening the contact elements 5. For example, this is particularly advantageous for ohmic loads L or consumers such as heating elements, so that no arc is formed, which could affect the contact elements 5 and the associated contact.
  • the microcontroller 10 again waits for the phase zero-crossing signal. If this is detected, the voltage of the relay coil 2 is switched off after 10 ms minus an associated stored delay time of the relay 1 (which can be readjusted like the delay time during switch-on). In this case, the coil current I (t) is measured and the time of the current maximum of the local current increase is detected.
  • the contact elements 5 have been opened exactly in the voltage zero crossing. If there is a deviation, the switch-off time of the relay coil voltage is readjusted so that a safe zero-crossing switching is achieved at the next switch-off operation.
  • the delay time at switch-on can be equated to the delay time when switching off, or vice versa. If, during the measurement of the coil current I (t), no current dip has been detected during switch-on and / or no current increase has been detected during switch-off, it is possible to detect a defect of the relay 1, e.g. as a result of an "adhesive".
  • the microcontroller 10 may then be configured to switch off the main switch relays upon detection of a relay error in order to bring the household appliance 7, in particular its electronic circuit 9, into a predefined state and / or a message about the relay error to a user and / or or to a customer service, manufacturer, etc.
  • a number may include exactly the specified number as well as a usual tolerance range, as long as this is not explicitly excluded.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil électroménager (7) qui comprend au moins un relais (1) et un système de détection de commutations (8) servant à reconnaître la commande d'au moins un relais (1). Le système de détection de commutations (8) comprend au moins un dispositif de mesure (16, 18, 19) servant à mesurer un courant électrique (I) de bobine (I) qui circule à travers le relais lors de la commande du relais (1), et au moins un dispositif d'évaluation (10) servant à détecter la commande du ou des relais (1) sur la base du courant de bobine mesuré (I). Un procédé sert à faire fonctionner un appareil électroménager (7) qui comprend au moins un relais mécanique (1). Selon le procédé, un courant électrique (I) de bobine circule lors de la commande du relais (1), est mesuré et, à l'aide du courant de bobine (I) mesuré, une commande du relais (1) et/ou un temps de retard du relais (1) est détecté. L'invention peut être employée d'une manière particulièrement avantageuse pour des appareils de cuisson, en particulier des fours, en particulier pour commander des éléments de chauffage.
EP16760744.9A 2015-10-02 2016-09-07 Appareil électroménager Withdrawn EP3357300A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015219145.1A DE102015219145A1 (de) 2015-10-02 2015-10-02 Haushaltsgerät
PCT/EP2016/071005 WO2017055031A1 (fr) 2015-10-02 2016-09-07 Appareil électroménager

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3357300A1 true EP3357300A1 (fr) 2018-08-08

Family

ID=56877057

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16760744.9A Withdrawn EP3357300A1 (fr) 2015-10-02 2016-09-07 Appareil électroménager

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20180259582A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3357300A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN108141910A (fr)
DE (1) DE102015219145A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017055031A1 (fr)

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CA3072812A1 (fr) 2017-08-18 2019-02-21 Sensus Spectrum, Llc Procede de detection d'etat de fonctionnement d'un relais de verrouillage de deconnexion a distance
ES2714649A1 (es) * 2017-11-29 2019-05-29 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Dispositivo de aparato domestico
IT201800002623A1 (it) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-13 Emanuele Civello Dispositivo di controllo di rele’
EP3827453B1 (fr) * 2018-07-24 2023-01-04 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Procédé et unité de commande pour mettre sous tension ou hors tension un relais
DE102019213390A1 (de) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines elektrischen Schalters
CN109307840B (zh) * 2018-12-10 2023-09-01 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司标准计量研究所 一种一体化铁路信号继电器寿命试验装置及方法
EP4227974A1 (fr) * 2022-02-09 2023-08-16 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Procédé et circuit électronique de détection de stock de relais
LU502542B1 (de) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-22 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum prellreduzierten Schalten eines elektromechanischen Schaltelements

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US5008516A (en) * 1988-08-04 1991-04-16 Whirlpool Corporation Relay control method and apparatus for a domestic appliance
DE19524755A1 (de) 1995-07-07 1997-01-09 Horst Bendrich Einrichtung zur Hubüberwachung von Schaltmagneten
DE19529013C2 (de) * 1995-07-26 1999-09-30 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Funktionsprüfung eines mechanischen Schaltelementes und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US6233132B1 (en) 1998-09-03 2001-05-15 Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware Zero cross relay actuation method and system implementing same
WO2008064694A1 (fr) 2006-11-28 2008-06-05 Daimler Ag Procédé pour déceler la capacité de fonctionnement d'un relais électrique, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
DE102009026930A1 (de) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bestimmung der Abhebeverzögerung eines Magnetventils
JP5636980B2 (ja) 2010-03-18 2014-12-10 株式会社リコー リレー故障検出装置、電源装置、画像形成装置、及びリレー故障検出方法
DE102012207739B3 (de) * 2012-05-09 2013-10-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schaltrelais für Kraftfahrzeugstarter, Kraftfahrzeugstarter mit Schaltrelais sowie Verfahren zum Starten eines Kraftfahrzeugs
EP2845211B1 (fr) 2012-06-20 2016-04-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de surveillance d'un relais électromagnétique
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JP6308486B2 (ja) * 2012-09-13 2018-04-11 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 リレー溶着検出装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20180259582A1 (en) 2018-09-13
CN108141910A (zh) 2018-06-08
DE102015219145A1 (de) 2017-04-06
WO2017055031A1 (fr) 2017-04-06

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