EP2403679A2 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simultanen mikrostrukturierung und dotierung von halbleitersubstraten - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simultanen mikrostrukturierung und dotierung von halbleitersubstratenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2403679A2 EP2403679A2 EP10705105A EP10705105A EP2403679A2 EP 2403679 A2 EP2403679 A2 EP 2403679A2 EP 10705105 A EP10705105 A EP 10705105A EP 10705105 A EP10705105 A EP 10705105A EP 2403679 A2 EP2403679 A2 EP 2403679A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- boron
- substrate
- laser beam
- liquid jet
- atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P34/00—Irradiation with electromagnetic or particle radiation of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P34/40—Irradiation with electromagnetic or particle radiation of wafers, substrates or parts of devices with high-energy radiation
- H10P34/42—Irradiation with electromagnetic or particle radiation of wafers, substrates or parts of devices with high-energy radiation with electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser annealing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P32/00—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P32/10—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers
- H10P32/16—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers between a solid phase and a liquid phase
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for simultaneous microstructuring and doping of semiconductor substrates with boron, in which the semiconductor substrate is treated with a laser beam coupled in a liquid jet, wherein the liquid jet contains at least one boron compound.
- the method according to the invention is used in the field of solar cell technology as well as in other areas of semiconductor technology in which a locally limited boron doping has a meaning.
- a boron source is applied to the region of the surface to be doped, which is usually at a boron-oxygen compound such as boric acid B (OH) 3 or condensation products of orthoboric acid, such as disodium tetraborate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ).
- a boron-oxygen compound such as boric acid B (OH) 3 or condensation products of orthoboric acid, such as disodium tetraborate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ).
- the boron source is applied from aqueous solution. The solvent is evaporated on subsequent annealing.
- the boron source vitrifies on the substrate surface to form a borosilicate glass. Upon targeted heating of this glass layer, boron atoms diffuse into the substrate surface and cause there the desired doping.
- the boron source (the borosilicate glass) is removed after completion of the doping process from the substrate surface by an etching step downstream of the doping process.
- etching masks on the substrate surface is first necessary, which provides access to the boron source only allow those areas to be endowed.
- the application and subsequent removal of these etching masks is associated with additional process steps.
- Borosilicate glass is an extremely oxygen-rich boron source. Boron doping using borosilicate glass has the serious disadvantage that oxygen diffusion into the substrate takes place parallel to the boron diffusion. Oxygen atoms in the silicon substrate can massively adversely affect the electrical properties of the semiconductor, in particular in the region of the p / n junction of the solar cell.
- the boron-oxygen bond is one of the most stable covalent bonds of all, the B-O dissociation energy is correspondingly very high and requires working at relatively high process temperatures. These in turn also promote the broad diffusion of foreign substances into the substrate, which are present in the system.
- Etch masks are also a further contamination source for the substrate to be processed.
- a method for simultaneous microstructuring and doping of semiconductor substrates in which a liquid jet directed onto the substrate surface and containing at least one boron compound as dopant is guided over the regions of the substrate to be structured, a laser beam being introduced into the liquid jet is coupled, whereby the substrate surface is locally heated by the laser beam and thereby at least partially structured and takes place in the structured regions, a diffusion of boron atoms into the semiconductor substrate.
- the invention enables a selective boron doping with simultaneous microstructuring of silicon substrates in a single process step and a shortening of the process time for the doping process in the sub-second range.
- the method described here represents a significant simplification of the apparatus required for boron doping.
- the new doping process dispenses with the disadvantageous boron source borosilicate glass.
- the method makes it possible for the first time to produce an n-type solar cell based on multicrystalline silicon.
- the boron compound compounds are preferable used in which the boron atoms are not covalently bonded to oxygen atoms, but preferably to hydrogen or to further boron atoms. These compounds have low dissociation energies and avoid the disadvantage of a cross-contamination of the substrate taking place in parallel with the doping process. Oxygen atoms.
- the boron compounds are preferably selected from the group consisting of alkali metal borohydrides, di-boranes, polyboranes, boron-hydrogen clusters in which covalent (multi-center) bonds exclusively between boron atoms with one another or boron atoms and hydrogen atoms are present, wherein the clusters can be either electrically neutral or in ionic form as anions.
- the cations to the anionic boron clusters are preferably selected from the group of alkali metals, as well as some organic classes of compounds, such as the tertiary or quaternary alkyl or (alkyl) phenyl phosphonium salts, tertiary alkyl or (alkyl) - phenyl sulfonium salts , the pyrimidinium ions, the morpholinium ions, the piperidinium ions, the imidazolium ions, the pyrrolidinium ions and other heterocyclic derivatives of the compounds mentioned.
- the organic cations to the boron clusters particularly preferably have the following structures:
- alkali metal salts of dodecahydrododecaborate M [Bi 2 Hi 2 ]
- butyldimethylpyrrolidinium octahydrotriborate butyldimethylimidazolium octahydrotriborate and mixtures thereof.
- the liquid jet used according to the invention can both contain at least one boron compound and consist of at least one boron compound.
- the liquid jet consists of a binary system, which contains a solvent that serves as a carrier for the boron compound, and the actual boron compound.
- the liquid jet in addition to a boron compound also contains an aluminum compound, which is also a hydrogen compound of the element of the 3rd main group, z.
- B. Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4 ). Both binary and ternary systems are possible.
- a preferred variant of a binary system sees as a liquid medium, a boron-containing ionic liquid, for. B.: Butyldimethylimidazoliumocta- hydrotriborate, before, in which an aluminum compound, for. B.: LiAlH 4 , is dissolved.
- a preferred variant of a ternary system sees as a liquid medium, a boron-containing, ionic
- lithium aluminum hydride In addition to lithium aluminum hydride are in principle all Liehe compounds of aluminum in question, in which the aluminum atom is not bound to oxygen.
- particularly preferred aluminum compounds are aluminum compounds in which the aluminum atom is covalently attached to hydrogen atoms, as in the case of lithium aluminum hydride, other aluminum atoms, as in the A1 2 H 6 dimer / or to carbon atoms, as in the Tetraalkylaluminaten, is bound.
- perfluorinated carbon compounds include, for example, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorotr-tert-butylamine, perfluorodecalin and various perfluoro-N-alkylmorpholines, for example perfluoro-N-propylmorpholine.
- perfluorinated carbon compounds have a low tendency to decompose and have a very high gas solubility, so that they are particularly suitable for gaseous boron compounds such as diborane.
- Another preferred class of solvent with a small amount of covalently bonded oxygen are flame retardant ethers, eg. Eg: ethyl-te: rt-
- Butyl ether or di-tert-butyl ether are preferably suitable as solvents for ionic, boron-containing liquids.
- Another system provides as solvent an organic compound which has one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen or sulfur, which have lone pairs of electrons.
- the solvent molecules form a Lewis acid-base adduct with the boron source, which is monoborane.
- Such systems include the borane-tetrahydrofuran complex and the borane-dimethylsulfide complex:
- the inventive method uses a coupled in a liquid jet laser beam, which is preferably directed by Totalreflexion on the inner wall of the liquid jet surface on the Substratoberflä- where it causes a locally limited heating of the surface.
- the liquid jet serves as a variable length liquid optical fiber for the laser beam, which remains focused as long as the liquid jet maintains its compact beam length and laminarity. Likewise, the liquid jet takes over the task of ⁇ tzmedientransport to the process stove on the substrate surface.
- the laser beam has a double task: On the one hand, it provides for the thermal removal of the substrate, if this is desired, on the other hand it allows by its thermal effect, a decomposition of the boron source in the laser spot.
- the liquid jet usually has one
- the heating of the substrate surface with the aid of the laser beam preferably remains limited to the beam diameter of the liquid jet. Beyond the beam focus, the substrate surface has an ambient temperature of usually 25 0 C. In this way, locally high selective processing of the substrate surface becomes possible.
- the melting temperature of the silicon can be exceeded.
- the substances applied by the liquid jet to the substrate surface decompose into their atoms, which then diffuse into the substrate.
- the jet of liquid has a high flow rate, typically between 20 and 500 m / s, producing a significant mechanical impulse that swiftly removes the waste products of the process from the reaction chamber.
- the cleaning of the substrate surface is carried out by two nozzles, which are directed directly onto the substrate surface.
- One nozzle circumscribes the reaction chamber radially with deionized water, the other, which is a compressed-air blower, removes the film of liquid from the surface.
- the maximum travel speed of the substrate holder relative to the laser fluid jet is up to 1000 mm / s.
- an apparatus for carrying out the method as described above comprising a nozzle unit having a window for coupling a laser beam, a laser beam source, a liquid supply for at least one boron compound as dopants and one directed onto a surface of the substrate Has nozzle opening.
- the nozzle unit and the laser beam source are coupled to a guide device for the controlled guidance of the nozzle unit over the surface to be structured.
- the nozzle unit and the laser beam source are stationary and the substrate is coupled to a guide device for controlled guidance of the substrate relative to the nozzle unit and the laser beam source.
- the process according to the invention is used in particular in the production of solar cells or in other processing or processing methods for semiconductor conductors.
- 1 shows a depth profile of the boron atom concentration in a doped region on the basis of a SIMS measurement in a diagram.
- 2 shows a diagram of a four-tip measurement of a 30 ⁇ 30 mm 2 field which consists of 1500 boron-doped LCP lines with a spacing of 20 ⁇ m.
- the average laser power was 0.6 W, the speed 50 mm / s and the laser frequency 35 kHz.
- An embodiment of the invention provides as solvent highly pure water in which is dissolved as boron source sodium or potassium borohydride (NaBH 4 or KBH 4 ).
- the solution has a pH of 14. In this state, both substances are stable in aqueous solution.
- the concentration of both species is for example 12% by weight.
- the laser light source used here is a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and a power of 2 watts.
- the flow rate of the liquid jet is for example 150 m / s.
- the travel speed of the substrate relative to the liquid jet is 200 mm / s.
- Sheet resistance of 520 ohms / square before processing after processing has a surface doping concentration of more than 10 20 boron atoms / cm 3 and a surface resistance of 60 ohms / square with a track pitch of 20 ⁇ m.
- Area resistance measurement of the processed area (width: 30 mm) and depth doping profile of a processed track are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- Another embodiment of the invention also provides high-purity water as solvent.
- the boron source used here is potassium dodecahydrododecaborate
- the solution has a pH of 12.
- the concentration of boron source in solution is also 10 wt .-% here.
- the laser light source used here is a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and a power of 4 watts.
- the flow rate of the liquid jet is for example 100 m / s.
- the travel speed of the substrate relative to the liquid jet is 50 mm / s.
- BDMIM + B 3 H 8 " Butyldimethylimidazolium octahydrotriborate (BDMIM + B 3 H 8 " ) serves as the boron source and the concentration of the boron source is 1 mol / L.
- boron source can also be butylmethylpyrrolidinium octahydrotriborate (BMP + B 3 H 8 " ).
- the laser light source is a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and a power of 2 watts.
- the flow rate of the liquid jet is, for example, 100 m / s.
- the travel speed of the substrate relative to the liquid jet is 50 mm / s.
- a solvent is completely dispensed with since the boron sources mentioned in Example 3a are subject to standard conditions. liquids are. They can therefore serve directly as a blasting medium without further additives.
- butyldimethylimidazolium octahydrotribate (BDMIM + B 3 H 8 " ) is used as the solvent, and the solvent is also a source of boron.
- NaBH 4 is dissolved in solution as an additional boron source Concentration of NaBH 4 in the solution is 0.5 mol / L.
- diborane B 2 H 6 which is also soluble to a limited extent in the ionic liquid, for example in a concentration of 0.01 mol / L, can be used as an additional boron source instead of NaBH 4 .
- Another embodiment provides as solvent a mixture of perfluoro-tri-tert-butylamine and perfluorodecalin.
- the boron source used here is diborane, which is dissolved in gaseous form in the said liquid mixture in the concentration 0.05 mol / l.
- the laser light source used here is a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and a power of 2 watts.
- the flow rate of the liquid jet is for example 100 m / s.
- the Travel speed of the substrate relative to the liquid jet is 50 mm / s.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009011308A DE102009011308A1 (de) | 2009-03-02 | 2009-03-02 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur simultanen Mikrostrukturierung und Dotierung von Halbleitersubstraten |
| PCT/EP2010/000918 WO2010099862A2 (de) | 2009-03-02 | 2010-02-15 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simultanen mikrostrukturierung und dotierung von halbleitersubstraten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2403679A2 true EP2403679A2 (de) | 2012-01-11 |
Family
ID=42199481
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10705105A Withdrawn EP2403679A2 (de) | 2009-03-02 | 2010-02-15 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simultanen mikrostrukturierung und dotierung von halbleitersubstraten |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120058588A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2403679A2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20120012787A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102395445A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102009011308A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010099862A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102368510A (zh) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-03-07 | 中山大学 | 基于激光掺杂制备发射极的n型晶体硅太阳电池的制备方法 |
| US9598352B2 (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2017-03-21 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Process and device for the production of polyhedral boranes |
| CN103361733B (zh) * | 2013-06-21 | 2016-03-23 | 中山大学 | 一种光外同轴超声波喷雾激光掺杂系统 |
| JP6647829B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-20 | 2020-02-14 | 株式会社ディスコ | レーザ加工装置 |
| EP4068930B1 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2024-03-13 | Ovh | Racksystem zur aufnahme einer elektronischen vorrichtung |
| US12137536B2 (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2024-11-05 | Ovh | Systems and methods for autonomously activable redundant cooling of a heat generating component |
| EP4068928B1 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2024-01-31 | Ovh | Kühlvorrichtung |
| WO2022208404A1 (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-06 | Ovh | Scissor structure for cable/tube management of rack-mounted liquid-cooled electronic assemblies |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH569515A5 (de) * | 1971-08-18 | 1975-11-28 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| US5604275A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 1997-02-18 | Isp Investments Inc. | Color stabilized aqueous n-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer solutions |
| WO2007085452A1 (de) * | 2006-01-25 | 2007-08-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur präzisionsbearbeitung von substraten mittels eines in einen flüssigkeitsstrahl eingekoppelten laser und dessen verwendung |
| DE102008062591A1 (de) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-03-04 | Deutsche Cell Gmbh | Halbleiter-Bauelement |
-
2009
- 2009-03-02 DE DE102009011308A patent/DE102009011308A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-02-15 EP EP10705105A patent/EP2403679A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-02-15 KR KR1020117022950A patent/KR20120012787A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-02-15 WO PCT/EP2010/000918 patent/WO2010099862A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2010-02-15 CN CN2010800153651A patent/CN102395445A/zh active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-09-01 US US13/223,379 patent/US20120058588A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010099862A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120058588A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
| KR20120012787A (ko) | 2012-02-10 |
| DE102009011308A1 (de) | 2010-09-23 |
| WO2010099862A3 (de) | 2010-12-23 |
| WO2010099862A2 (de) | 2010-09-10 |
| CN102395445A (zh) | 2012-03-28 |
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Inventor name: GRANEK, FILIP Inventor name: RODOFILI, ANDREAS Inventor name: KROSSING, INGO Inventor name: KNAPP, CARSTEN Inventor name: MAYER, KUNO Inventor name: MESEC, MATTHIAS |
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Inventor name: RODOFILI, ANDREAS Inventor name: KROSSING, INGO Inventor name: KNAPP, CARSTEN Inventor name: MESEC, MATTHIAS Inventor name: GRANEK, FILIP Inventor name: MAYER, KUNO |
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Ipc: C01B 35/02 20060101ALI20120305BHEP Ipc: C30B 31/04 20060101ALI20120305BHEP Ipc: H01L 21/268 20060101ALI20120305BHEP Ipc: B23K 26/14 20060101AFI20120305BHEP |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20140902 |