EP2360326A1 - Composant pour la construction de l'enveloppe extérieure de constructions - Google Patents

Composant pour la construction de l'enveloppe extérieure de constructions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2360326A1
EP2360326A1 EP11154683A EP11154683A EP2360326A1 EP 2360326 A1 EP2360326 A1 EP 2360326A1 EP 11154683 A EP11154683 A EP 11154683A EP 11154683 A EP11154683 A EP 11154683A EP 2360326 A1 EP2360326 A1 EP 2360326A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
component according
outer layer
planking
inner layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11154683A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2360326B1 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Kirl
Erich Longin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LOPAS AG
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LOPAS AG
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Publication date
Application filed by LOPAS AG filed Critical LOPAS AG
Publication of EP2360326A1 publication Critical patent/EP2360326A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2360326B1 publication Critical patent/EP2360326B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the construction of the outer shell of buildings according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention of a device with an outer layer, a supporting structure, an insulating layer and an inner layer, wherein the inner layer consists of a planking, to which a clay building material layer is applied.
  • outer shell should make it clear that it is the components of the invention are those that take over static tasks in addition to the tasks of highly efficient thermal insulation and fire protection.
  • the present invention is intended in particular for structures with particularly high demands on ecology, sustainability and energy efficiency, such as passive house buildings or low energy houses. It should be ensured in particular a favorable room climate.
  • walls of buildings with insulating layers of compacted and with binders or z.T. toxic additives against fire and pest exposure provided layers of vegetable material such as cellulose fiber or flax fiber.
  • building materials based on clay in various ways for the production of walls for buildings.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a device that meets these requirements equally well. Another object of the present invention is to provide an economically efficient and resource efficient method of manufacturing such a device.
  • the insulating layer of untreated shrubs preferably straw chaff
  • the outer layer of a permeable during the production process air-permeable and in the finished passive-house airtight, but diffusible remaining planking is constructed.
  • the inner layer can also be constructed as shown above.
  • the outer layer or occasionally the inner layer of a perforated wood or Holztechnikstoffbeplankung is constructed. But it can also be other forms of perforation such. Slots are used to achieve the building physics desired properties. In itself, however, the natural limited air permeability of wood-based panels is sufficient in many cases, especially if additional measures are taken.
  • planking can not only be done by panels, it is also a wood Rauschalung used, especially with double-sided non-woven clay layer and with ventilated facade. This results in a completely open to diffusion structure, but is relatively expensive.
  • An essential aspect of the present invention is to utilize the excellent thermal insulation properties of untreated shredded plants in a novel manner which has significant advantages over baled straw, or chemical shredded shreds or processed fibers, by utilizing the wall structure of the present invention , together with a through this enabled Einbringtechnik for chaff compensates the immanent disadvantages of untreated straw chaff as insulation material, namely increased risk of subsidence and worse fire behavior against bales straw or stabilized straw chop.
  • the technical advantage of using straw chop instead of using bale straw is the increased flexibility in planning a building since there is no need to comply with grid dimensions resulting from the usual use of plant straw bales from the dimensions of these typically square pressed bales.
  • Another significant advantage of Invention is the much more cost-effective way of introducing plant straw as an insulating material in industrially prefabricated components.
  • the increased costs for processing and incorporating plant straw have hitherto prevented the widespread use of the sustainable natural insulation material, which is available in large quantities at low cost, and so far prevented significant use in the construction industry.
  • the planned EU Passive House standard for new buildings is one of the most effective parts of the EU's energy efficiency strategy. It becomes problematic only through environmentally damaging insulation materials, if they have to be produced in large quantities and released latently into the biosphere, as long as they can not be replaced by technically inherently safe, pollutant-free insulation technologies, such as these.
  • the fiber-clay building material layer is dimensioned so that it can simultaneously fulfill the function of an installation level and a fire-retardant layer.
  • the structure of the invention provides a timely alternative.
  • a heavy mineral component here a clay building material is used, which makes it possible to combine the principal advantages of solid construction with the advantages of lightweight wood construction, as specially fiber clay plaster due to its high elasticity, its similar expansion and shrinkage behavior and its capillary conductivity in contrast to Concrete but also plasterboard can be permanently optimally connected with statically effective wooden structures.
  • the resulting construction has an order of magnitude better energy and eco-efficiency. (Wiss. Evidence available).
  • a vapor diffusion capacity increasing towards the outside of the building is produced.
  • the fire safety is achieved by the clay building material layer, which stabilizes in case of fire due to the heat in the sense of a burning process and the static load capacity of the construction together with the insulating layer unexpectedly long and permanently protected from the fire.
  • Inner layer and outer layer may be formed in particular of wood-based panels of appropriate thickness, it being possible depending on structural and static requirements, both the inner layer and the outer layer structurally effective train or optionally form only the inner layer statically.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the planking of the outer or inner layer consists of a wood-based panel having a perforated grid or other perforation.
  • the blowing out of the component with insulation chaff can be carried out efficiently, and in the finished state, a capillary, moisture-conducting but at the same time airtight layer is formed.
  • the planking has an air permeability of between 0.5% and 5%, preferably between 1% and 3%.
  • Air permeability is the area fraction of the openings (e.g., holes or slits) in the total area of the component.
  • the outer plate so for example, an array of holes with 16 mm diameter, which are arranged in a square grid with a pitch of 100 mm, so that the hole proportion is about 2%.
  • the orientation of the straw fragments in the component in relation to the heat flow direction passing through the wall structure is, in addition to the cutting length, of great importance for the heat transfer resistance lambda of the straw used. This orientation is caused by the applied insertion technique.
  • the design value of the straw bale insulation must be ⁇ 0.045 W / mK.
  • the clay building material layer of the inner layer is designed as a biofiber clay layer.
  • Biofiberlehm is known and in the EP 0 903 328 A described in its production and application. It is essential that the clay mass in the preparation of suitable vegetable fibers are mixed in order to improve the building physics properties accordingly.
  • an essential feature of Biofaserlehm is to ensure additional safety against flaking in case of fire and to create a porosity by burning out the biological components, the fire resistance due to reduced susceptibility to crack analogous to the effect of porosity of clay tiles in the burning process on elevated.
  • the significant increase in fire resistance through the use of Biomaschinelehm is a surprising result that greatly improves the value and usability of the device. Fire resistance values under load of REI-90 have already been achieved with the present invention and up to REI-120 are expected.
  • the clay building material layer of the inner layer is applied to a plaster base, such as reed stucco and / or a grid.
  • a plaster base such as reed stucco and / or a grid.
  • installation level installation pipes such as pipes for process water, electricity, but also heating or cooling coils are embedded.
  • Particularly advantageous here is the good thermal conductivity and the high specific gravity of the clay as preferably after EP 0 903 328 A used.
  • brackets for example in a grid of 10 x 10 cm
  • OSB the sheathing of shingle or OSB
  • This novel connection system from support structure to biofilm level has two main advantages:
  • this plane (presumably) from 35 mm thick, can improve the statics of the component by virtue of this effective way of introducing shear forces into the construction.
  • the fire resistance of the structure improves by the improved connection of the clay building material layer in the remaining static-efficient zone of the structure in the event of a fire.
  • the static construction is particularly preferably formed of insulating stands, laminated wood web supports, which are usually arranged perpendicular to the wall plane.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a structural element for the construction of the outer shell of buildings, in which a supporting structure is produced, which is provided with an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein a clay building material layer is applied to the inner layer.
  • a supporting structure which is provided with an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein a clay building material layer is applied to the inner layer.
  • an insulating layer of untreated shredded shrubs, preferably straw chaff is blown, wherein the injected air escapes through the outer layer.
  • a particularly advantageous feature of the method according to the invention is that it does not set a chaotic random position of the individual half fragments of the insulating layer, but that in the finished product, the individual half fragments of the insulating layer of untreated shrubs are preferably aligned transversely to the heat flow direction.
  • the individual parts of the insulating layer are arranged substantially parallel or at a very acute angle to the plane of the plate. Investigations have shown that more than 90% of the straw fragments are at an angle ⁇ 10 ° to the plane of the plate, if the injection is carried out carefully and if necessary further measures, such as shaking, are carried out.
  • a diffusion-open cover layer preferably a nonwoven layer, preferably a fleece fleece
  • This nonwoven layer subsequently also serves as an additional plaster carrier for the clay plaster layer and forms an airtight composite with the latter, so that these perforations do not pose any danger to the passively compliant airtightness of the building envelope. (This function of this so-called clay nonwoven technology has already been proven by measurements in a research and demonstration project).
  • the perforation allows a capillary conductive contact between the capillary conductive insulating material and a kaput very well conductive clay plaster building material layer. Due to the difference in the low equilibrium moisture content of clay plaster (preferably qualitatively the Bioturalehm according to EP 0 903 328 A accordingly) and the higher equilibrium moisture content of plant fibers, since the clay plaster layer is kept dry by the construction, a permanent capillary suction effect for moisture from the insulation layer out in the direction of the component surface. This capillary transport potential is more efficient than the transport effect of the simultaneously existing opposite process of vapor diffusion against the vapor diffusion resistance of the inside of the insulating layer lying building material layers of the construction.
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 basically consists of an inner layer 1, a supporting structure 2, an outer layer 3 and an insulating layer 4, which is arranged in the cavity between the inner layer 1 and the outer layer 3.
  • the inner layer 1 consists of a planking 6 with a wood-based panel on which a grid 15, for example made of reed, is applied as a plaster base to carry a clay building material layer 5 of biofiber clay.
  • the plaster base may consist of a plurality of brackets, which are only partially driven into the one planking 6 and accordingly protrude beyond the surface.
  • the outer layer 3 consists of a planking 7 of a wood-based panel in which holes 9 are provided, for example, in a rectangular grid with the pitch a of 100 mm, which have a diameter d of, for example, 16 mm. This results in a hole proportion of about 1.8%.
  • the wood-based panel of the planking 7 is covered with a layer 8 of Flachsvhoped with thin plaster.
  • closable openings 11 are provided for blowing the insulating layer 4.
  • the main static function is represented by the supporting structure 2, which is constructed of web supports. These web supports consist of posts 12 which are interconnected by a thin-walled plate 13. This ensures a high bending stiffness with minimum heat transfer. Shear loads are absorbed by the planking 7 of the outer layer 3, which is firmly connected to the double-web carriers of the supporting structure 2. In order to limit the cavity for receiving the insulating layer 4 is on both sides of the plate 13 each a soft-fiber plate 18 used as an insulating element.
  • the face plates 10 are made of wooden strips, web supports or wood glue carriers 19, are used in the insulation elements 20 to improve the insulation properties.
  • the insulating elements consist of soft fiber plates 20, which are optionally reinforced by wooden strips 19.
  • the closable openings 11 can be used for blowing the insulating layer 4 in the soft fiber boards 20 when access via the end faces is desired and possible, but alternatively or additionally the closable openings 11 can be provided in the planking 7 of the outer layer 3 , In Fig. 4 this is shown in detail.
  • Fig. 5 shows alternatives to the arrangement of the closable openings 11 for blowing the insulating layer. 4
  • the component is placed horizontally and the insulating layer 4 is poured in.
  • the insulating layer 4 is poured in.
  • this makes it possible to achieve a corresponding alignment of the fiber elements parallel or at least approximately parallel to the plane of the plate, and above all, the finished component is settling safe. This means that even with prolonged use in a vertical state, the entire wall element remains filled with insulating material.
  • the wall element is completed by applying the inner layer or outer layer.
  • the present invention makes it possible to represent very energy-efficient components, which consist largely of biological, renewable building materials and at the same time show high thermal insulation properties with extremely good fire resistance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP20110154683 2010-02-16 2011-02-16 Composant pour la construction de l'enveloppe extérieure de constructions Active EP2360326B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2362010A AT509485B1 (de) 2010-02-16 2010-02-16 Bauelement für die konstruktion der aussenhülle von bauwerken

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2360326A1 true EP2360326A1 (fr) 2011-08-24
EP2360326B1 EP2360326B1 (fr) 2014-05-07

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EP20110154683 Active EP2360326B1 (fr) 2010-02-16 2011-02-16 Composant pour la construction de l'enveloppe extérieure de constructions

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EP (1) EP2360326B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT509485B1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102691390A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-09-26 秦皇岛裕源木业有限公司 外墙挂板
CN102691377A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-09-26 秦皇岛裕源木业有限公司 非承重内墙隔断墙体板材
WO2018172499A1 (fr) 2017-03-24 2018-09-27 Leopold Kasseckert Matériau isolant pouvant être insufflé composé de paille

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0903328A1 (fr) 1997-08-22 1999-03-24 Roland Meingast Matériaux de construction en limon ou argile cru
DE20014795U1 (de) * 2000-08-26 2000-11-23 NBS-Naturbau-Schwaben GmbH, 78609 Tuningen Fertigbauteil mit Wärmedämmung und Putzschichten
US7073306B1 (en) 2003-05-29 2006-07-11 Harry Edward Hagaman Method of building
FR2916461A1 (fr) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-28 K Asa B Io Sarl Module caisson de construction

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4050978A (en) * 1973-05-14 1977-09-27 Moore Alvin E Method for producing light-weight construction member
CA2279445A1 (fr) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-07 Anthony L. Wiker Panneaux de plafond renforces

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0903328A1 (fr) 1997-08-22 1999-03-24 Roland Meingast Matériaux de construction en limon ou argile cru
DE20014795U1 (de) * 2000-08-26 2000-11-23 NBS-Naturbau-Schwaben GmbH, 78609 Tuningen Fertigbauteil mit Wärmedämmung und Putzschichten
US7073306B1 (en) 2003-05-29 2006-07-11 Harry Edward Hagaman Method of building
FR2916461A1 (fr) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-28 K Asa B Io Sarl Module caisson de construction

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102691390A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-09-26 秦皇岛裕源木业有限公司 外墙挂板
CN102691377A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-09-26 秦皇岛裕源木业有限公司 非承重内墙隔断墙体板材
WO2013178074A1 (fr) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-05 秦皇岛裕源木业有限公司 Planche non porteuse tenant lieu de cloison interne
WO2018172499A1 (fr) 2017-03-24 2018-09-27 Leopold Kasseckert Matériau isolant pouvant être insufflé composé de paille

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT509485A1 (de) 2011-09-15
EP2360326B1 (fr) 2014-05-07
AT509485B1 (de) 2012-09-15

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