Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
  • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
  • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
  • B01D29/23—Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration
  • B01D29/25—Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration open-ended the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
  • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
  • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
  • A24B1/10—Packing or pressing tobacco
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
  • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
  • C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
  • C11B1/102—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting in counter-current; utilisation of an equipment wherein the material is conveyed by a screw

Definitions

• the invention is in the technical field of extraction of substances from tobacco material, such as in the so-called nitrate extraction.
• a depletion of tobacco ingredients from tobacco material, in particular from a fin material has been described in DE 195 35 587 A1, wherein for this purpose a cylindrical housing is used with a screw conveyor. The housing is arranged in an inclined position, and introduced water collects in the region of the lower tobacco material inlet end, whereby the introduced tobacco ribs are tapped off of nitrate.
• a relevant material compression does not take place in this housing; the pressure increase is moderate, overall, the disadvantage of a treatment according to such a prior art is that even a separate depletion device is needed, and in the associated plant and operating costs.
• the present invention has the prior art features of using a housing, conveyed by the housing and an extractant together, but according to the invention, the extraction is characterized by contacting the tobacco material with the extractant during a tobacco material extrusion process in an extruder under increased extrusion pressure.
• extraction and “extruder” is mentioned, it is understood as a treatment of the tobacco material in which a high mechanical compression of the tobacco material from the entrance to the outlet (tool) takes place, the tool for spreading the tobacco and for shaping or structure formation is used.
• Tobacco materials that can be used to make smokable cut tobacco or other smoking products are all known fractions, such as laminae, ribs, etc., which can be conditioned by extrusive extrusion and thereby upgraded.
• a conditioning humidity, heating
• the present invention combines the advantages of an extraction and ⁇ smü 'depletion of components having the ability of extruders to comminute solids to mix, to condition and connect to form new structures.
• the high pressure prevailing in such extruders (over 3 bar absolute pressure, especially over 10 bar absolute pressure, especially over 50 bar absolute pressure, preferably over 100 bar absolute pressure and up to 200 bar absolute pressure) creates a pressure gradient towards the environment, and the invention has just realized that this pressure gradient can be used to deploy an added extractant after taking the ingredients back out of the housing.
• the high pressure and the mixing in the extruder contribute to the fact that the extraction agent achieves a high penetration of the tobacco material, whereby the extraction is improved.
• a synergistic effect results because, on the one hand, several process steps can be combined (extruder processes such as shaping / conditioning and Extraction processes) and on the other hand, the extraction tasks in an extruder can be done better.
• the increased extrusion pressure and an increased extrusion temperature are produced by mechanical compression of the tobacco material in extruders, in particular by a screw conveyor of a screw extruder.
• the final pressure (differential pressure to the external environment) and the pressure profile in the extruder are determined by the free forming cross section in the tool, wherein the working pressure can be determined by constructive design of Ausiaufes (tool) or the screw geometry.
• the size of the dissipation and the associated heating can be controlled by speed variations of the screw, the interaction of water addition and energy in the extruder turns after shaping, for example to the fiber, a Endfeuchtegehait for further processing.
• This final moisture content for example, can always be kept at 40% through the various additions, withdrawals and adjustments.
• the extraction center! may be a liquid, in particular water or a gas, which is brought into an extractable state by pressure and / or temperature, in particular in a liquid and / or supercritical state. It is to be noted in principle that apart from water, all other extraction agents known in the art (depending on the desired extraction) may also be used in the present invention.
• a product produced by the processing according to the invention is characterized by a depletion of extractant-soluble ingredients, such as nitrate, chloride, phosphate, nicotine, proteins (depending on the pH), etc. Furthermore, the unwanted so-called TSNA ingredients are depleted (tobacco-specific nitrosoamines).
• TSNA ingredients are depleted (tobacco-specific nitrosoamines).
• an additional fill factor increased by about 50% has been found which, in turn, results in an advantageous reduction in plug density in the cigarette.
• the increased ability to perform can only be partially explained by the mass loss of ingredients at the same body volume. Obviously, the reduced NO yield which is correlated with the loss of nitrate and enhances the product is evident in cigarettes produced according to the invention.
• a strainer in particular a Scheibenseiher, a Korbseiher or a Stabseiher, led out, through which the extract from the extruder is deposited.
• a strainer is therefore used here, and such strainer have slit passages, in particular flared split passages. They have the advantage that they can not clog and perform their work for a long time without maintenance. It is also advantageous that such strainer can be made relatively ready for use for the purposes of the present invention.
• the extract in whole or in part as extraction center! be fed back to the extruder, in particular the extract supplied fresh extractant and / or the extract of the substances to be extracted by one or more measures, for. B. ion exchange, reverse osmosis, pH adjustment, depleted.
• the tobacco material before the extraction is subjected to a mechanical pressure increase outside the extrusion or in addition to the extrusion pressure increase, especially by means of a high-pressure gear pump.
• the pressure increase can advantageously take place after the extrusion and before the extraction, and it is possible to supply the extractant to the tobacco material before the mechanical (additional) pressure increase.
• this feeding can take place at the end of the extrusion process or screw extruder or after the extrusion process or screw extruder.
• This mechanical pressure increase thus "m the extraction unit of the device (eg Seiherhim), a higher pressure is in the extraction region, created, which allows for better separation of the solid Bestandteiie from the liquid components.
• the structure of the higher pressure in the pressure increasing unit makes If the extraction agent addition takes place before the pump and the extraction agent removal after the pump, these two measures can also be decoupled in terms of their pressure ranges.
• the extraction device is characterized in that the housing belongs to a screw extruder, wherein the extract is separated from the extruder by means of the pressure generated therein and via the pressure gradient to the environment.
• the extruder may be a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, with the screw (s) producing the increased extrusion pressure and elevated extrusion temperature by mechanical compression of the tobacco material.
• Single-screw extruders are particularly cost-effective; Twin-screw extruders are more complex.
• a strainer can be arranged in the region of the extract outlet, in particular a disc strainer, a basket strainer or a rod stapler, by means of which the extract is separated from the extruder.
• a drip pan whose output forms the extract outlet. If extra recycle is desired, it will take place between the extract outlet and the extraction center inlet and a depletion device for the materials to be extracted and / or a fresh extractant supply may be provided.
• the extruder may have at the extruder outlet a variable-distance tool with which the extruder mass flow can be adjusted, and / or a speed control for the screw (s), with which the pressing pressure can be adjusted in the extruder.
• the desired shape of the tobacco material is admitted by the tool choice.
• the extracting agent inlet will advantageously be located in an area of the extruder housing which enters between the tobacco material and substantially the mouth, in particular near the mouth of the tobacco housing Material inlet are located.
• the housing is constructed of individual, connectable and separable sections or "shots"
• one of the shots may accommodate the above-mentioned strainer and the extractant outlet will be in the shot in which the extract drainer is also located.
• the extractant inlet may be near the tobacco material inlet, particularly in the same or subsequent shot.
• the strainer devices are preferably associated with different screw configurations in an extruder, i. with an associated optimized screw.
• the design of the surface condition must take into account that the frictional forces between the extraction device (strainer) and the material to be pressed are higher than between the press cake and the screw. This reduces co-rotation of the pressed material with the screw. A "slip" on the screw reduces or prevents in the worst case a promotion.
• An embodiment of a device according to the invention has a mechanical pressure increase unit for the tobacco material, which is arranged in front of the extraction unit and in particular after the extrusion unit.
• the extrusion unit is essentially an example of the screw extruder without extrusion tool, while the extraction unit from the part of the device consisting, for example, the Seihervorraum and then followed by the tool. It is possible in such a configuration to design the mechanical pressure booster unit as a high-pressure pump, especially as a gear pump. Furthermore, the extractant inlet can in particular be arranged at the end of or behind the extrusion unit.
• FIG. 1 shows an apparatus according to the present invention
• Figure 2 shows a device according to the present invention with
• FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a housing section of a device according to the invention with rod tackle
• FIGS 4 and 5 are schematic drawings for embodiments with
• FIG. 6 is a graph of tobacco material extraction as a function of nitrate content and fresh water content
• FIG. 7 shows a graphic representation of the moisture loss by means of fiash evaporation at an extruder outlet
• FIG. 8 is a process diagram showing the pressure and feed rate over the extruder length
• FIG. 9 shows a device according to the invention with additional
• Figures 1 and 2 each show a tobacco material extruder according to the invention with extraction equipment or capability.
• Fig. 2 shows the same Reference numerals or those which are only increased by ten, on the same or functionally identical Eiemente as in Figure 1, and these reference numerals are not mentioned separately.
• the extrusion apparatus 10 has an extruder housing 13, therein a screw 5 and a drive 11 for rotation thereof.
• a tobacco material 12 for example, a fin material is used, and it is supplied through the inlet 3 to the extruder 10, in which it is transported by the screw 5 to the right, thereby mechanically placed under high pressure.
• the extruder consists of individual sections, which are flanged together (so-called “shots"), and in the shot behind the inlet 3, the supply of extractant 14 takes place.
• the housing section which follows this shot, is an interchangeable integrated shot comprising the straining device 17 includes, wherein a Scheibenseiher is shown here.
• the collecting tray 9 Under the disc strainer, through which the extract is discharged via the pressure drop to the environment, there is the collecting tray 9 with the extract outlet 7.
• the receptiveness of the extractant (water) 14 via the ingredients is achieved by always adding fresh extractant or fresh water 14 while removing the extract 16.
• the embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs therefrom in that a circulatory operation takes place, that is, at least part of the loaded extractant that comes out of the outlet 7 is returned again. In this case, some extract is removed, as shown by the arrow 26, while the lines and conveying or working means 25 provide for the return transport. At 24, this circuit still fresh extractant or fresh water is supplied. It is quite possible to minimize the addition of fresh water 24 by incorporating appropriate depletion processes into the cycle. Potentially usable are process steps such as temperature changes (influencing the solvent power), use of ion exchangers, reverse osmosis, etc. Also the Selectivities of the extraction medium may be affected, as is known in the art. An example of this is the adjustment of the pH, which is selective over the depletion of native basic
• FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the housing section 31, which is provided with a rod 33.
• the screw rotates in the direction R, and the pressure difference produced by it allows the extract E to be discharged through the spaces between the rods.
• FIGS 4 and 5 show schematic representations of the embodiment with a Scheibenseiher, wherein the strainer successively arranged circular rings 41 are used, which are held by spacers 44 at a small distance from each other.
• the loaded extraction medium 43 in the inner passage 42 is pressed by the prevailing high pressure across the small gap between the inner edges of the discs 41 and deposited as an extract E.
• the discs are designed to taper slightly outwards so that the extraction gap expands outward. The same effect is achieved with the sticks, and this opening pro! the widening Seiherspalte creates an optimal environment for the extract exit by pressure promotion.
• a Buriey rib degree with about 6% nitrate content of an extractive extrusion according to the invention was subjected using a Seiherkorbes consisting of Seiherusionn with a free gap of 0.2 mm at the inner diameter.
• a dreischüssiger Einwelienextruder was used in the fresh water mode with a water flow ratio of 2 kg water / 1 kg ribs according to Figure 1.
• the final moisture content varied between 20 and 45% depending on the process conditions.
• the final result is influenced by the pressing pressure, the length of the rope, the operating temperature and the addition of water.
• a discharge with higher humidity, suitable for direct cutting possible.
• the achievable nitrate separation efficiency, caused by the higher required outlet moisture content at the same extraction ratio is lower.
• the extract can be fed to the sewer system / sewage treatment plant depending on the local discharge conditions.
• a treatment is basically also possible and is decided by economic considerations.
• Cigarettes were made from the product and for this purpose cut tobacco mixes were provided with a 20% rib content.
• the sample contained ribs prepared by the method of the invention. The comparison was equipped with ribs which were subjected to extrusion only, excluding extraction.
• FIG. 1 A somewhat modified embodiment of a device according to the invention can be seen in FIG.
• the material flow takes place from the right to the inks, that is to say the tobacco material comes from the extruder unit 53 of the device 50, the supply of the extraction agent being indicated by the arrow 54 at the end of the extruder unit (screw extruder 53).
• the tobacco material provided with the extraction medium then enters a high-pressure tooth pump, which has been given reference numeral 51 in FIG. 8 and whose inlet and outlet pressure is monitored by two pressure sensors 55.
• the high pressure pump 51 When passing through the high pressure pump 51, the pressure in the tobacco material is greatly increased mechanically. With this high pressure, the tobacco material enters the extraction unit, aiso here into the strainer 57, where the loaded extractant is dispensed (arrow 56). Thereafter, the tobacco material can be molded by means of the tool 58. Between the Seiherkorb 57 and the extruder 53 so the high pressure pump 51 is used, the pressure increasing tasks for the transported and processed tobacco material fills.
• the high pressure pump basically completely take over the task of increasing the pressure, but can also provide an additional pressure increase to an increase in pressure in the extruder.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
• Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-10-22 DE DE102008052720.3A patent/DE102008052720B4/de active Active
• 2009
  • 2009-09-24 EP EP14150350.8A patent/EP2727477A3/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-09-24 BR BRPI0919595A patent/BRPI0919595A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-09-24 US US13/125,747 patent/US8931491B2/en active Active
  • 2009-09-24 UA UAA201106184A patent/UA98275C2/ru unknown
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  • 2009-09-24 CN CN200980141845.XA patent/CN102196736B/zh active Active
  • 2009-09-24 KR KR1020117011718A patent/KR101395239B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-09-24 MX MX2011003214A patent/MX2011003214A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-09-24 RU RU2011120044/12A patent/RU2497421C2/ru active
  • 2009-09-24 JP JP2011532560A patent/JP5292532B2/ja active Active
  • 2009-09-24 CA CA2733716A patent/CA2733716C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-09-24 WO PCT/EP2009/062365 patent/WO2010046195A2/de active Application Filing
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  • 2009-09-24 EP EP09783360A patent/EP2348899A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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• 2014
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