EP2330110A1 - Complexes de platine(II), leur préparation et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Complexes de platine(II), leur préparation et leur utilisation Download PDF

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EP2330110A1
EP2330110A1 EP10177033A EP10177033A EP2330110A1 EP 2330110 A1 EP2330110 A1 EP 2330110A1 EP 10177033 A EP10177033 A EP 10177033A EP 10177033 A EP10177033 A EP 10177033A EP 2330110 A1 EP2330110 A1 EP 2330110A1
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platinum
ligand
species
complex
bis
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Jan Gysbert Hermanus Du Preez
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Platco Technologies Pty Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
    • C07F15/0086—Platinum compounds
    • C07F15/0093—Platinum compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

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  • THIS invention relates to the preparation of platinum(II) complexes, in particular the preparation of dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) complexes containing a neutral bidentate ligand, (such as oxaliplatin, which has become increasingly important due to its anti-cancer activity).
  • a neutral bidentate ligand such as oxaliplatin
  • Dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) complexes (such as oxaliplatin) containing a neutral bidentate ligand ("non-leaving group") have in the past been synthesized by way of a process that utilizes a silver salt to remove halide ions from the complex.
  • a silver compound in the process results in numerous contaminants, which must be removed by further processes in order to achieve purity that is suitable for anti-cancer pharmaceutical agent purposes.
  • Oxaliplatin and its pharmaceutical properties were first disclosed by Kidani et al. in J Med Chem, 1978, 21, 13135 and in United States Patent No. 4,169,846 .
  • a halogenoplatinum compound is used as the starting material.
  • Halide ions are removed by a silver salt, whereafter an oxalate is introduced either as the free acid or a salt thereof.
  • the present invention has been made to address the drawbacks of the prior art, in terms of which dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) complexes containing a neutral bidentate ligand, such as oxaliplatin, are produced using the silver method, which results in contaminants in the final product, is time consuming and expensive. Furthermore, the absence of silver compounds in the process enables the synthesis of a group of novel platinum compounds i.e ligands containing donor atoms other than N such as S or Se.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for the preparation of a platinum(II) complex, in particular a dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) complex containing a neutral bidentate ligand, such as oxaliplatin, the method including the step of reacting a bis-dicarboxylatoplatinate(II) species with a suitable neutral bidentate ligand to form a neutral dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) complex and if necessary recrystallising the product to form a pure dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) complex containing a neutral bidentate ligand.
  • a neutral bidentate ligand such as oxaliplatin
  • the bis-oxalatoplatinate(II) species and ligand are typically reacted at a temperature of 40°C to 100°C, preferably approximately 95°C, for a period of 0.5 to 3 hours, preferably 1 hour.
  • Any dicarboxylatoplatinate(II) species may be removed from the product by dissolving the product in distilled water and adding an oxalate such as Cs 2 C 2 O 4 , which transforms the dicarboxylatoplatinate(II) species into a species that can be separated from the dissolved product by filtration.
  • an oxalate such as Cs 2 C 2 O 4
  • the neutral bidentate ligand is typically an amine.
  • the amine may be a diamine.
  • the ligand is optically pure trans-l-1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
  • the neutral bidentate ligand may contain donor atoms other than N, or N together with a donor atom other than N, typically S and Se, for example:
  • New oxalatoplatinum(II) complexes containing S or Se donor atoms that can be prepared using the method of the invention include:
  • the above new complexes may be used in methods of treating cancer in patients, and in methods of manufacturing medicaments for treating cancer in patients
  • the complexes produced according to the method of the invention contain no traces of silver.
  • a second aspect of this invention is a method for producing a bis- dicarboxylatoplatinate(II) species, e.g. a bis-oxalatoplatinate(II) salt which may be used in the method of the first aspect of the invention.
  • a bis- dicarboxylatoplatinate(II) species e.g. a bis-oxalatoplatinate(II) salt which may be used in the method of the first aspect of the invention.
  • the method according to the second aspect of the invention includes the step of either reacting a platinum(II) compound, such as K 2 PtX 4 or reacting a platinum(lV) compound such as K 2 PtX 6 where X is a halide such Cl, Br or I, preferably Cl, with a dicarboxylate such as an oxalate, wherein the platinum(II) or platinum(IV) compound and oxalate salt are reacted at a high mole ratio of greater than 1 :4, ,preferably 1:8 or greater, more preferably 1:16 or greater most preferably1:24 or greater.
  • this compound is reduced to platinum(II) by the oxalate, or it may be reduced by another reducing agent such as SO 2 or sulfite.
  • the oxalate is typically K 2 C 2 O 4 .
  • the platinum(II) bis-dicarboxylato species is typically K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 2H 2 O.
  • the platinum(II) compound or platinum(IV) compound and oxalate are typically reacted at a temperature of from 40°C to less than 100°C, preferably approximately 95°C, for a period of 0.5 to 4 hours, typically 1 hour.
  • This invention relates to a method for the preparation of platinum(II) complexes, in particular a dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) complex containing a neutral bidentate ligand ("non-leaving group") such as oxaliplatin, and new platinum(II) complexes that include a donor atom other than N, the method includes the steps of:
  • a bis -dicarboxylatoplatinate(II) species such as K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O may be synthesized using either K 2 PtCl 6 , or K 2 PtCl 4 as starting materials. It may be possible to use H 2 PtCl 6 ) as a starting material.
  • K 2 PtCl 4 and K 2 C 2 O 4 may be dissolved in distilled water in the mole ratio of 1:16 and stirred at a temperature of between 40°C to 100°C, typically approximately 95°C for 0.5 to 2 hours, typically 1 hour.
  • the solution is refrigerated at a temperature from 2°C to 10°C, typically approximately 5°C for 0.5 to 2. hours typically 1 hour to complete crystallization where after it may be filtered.
  • the precipitated product may be washed 5 times with small volumes of cold water and once with acetone and allowed to air dry. 1 mol K 2 PtC1 4 + 16 mol K 2 C 2 O 4 ⁇ K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O
  • K 2 C 2 O 4 and K 2 PtCl 6 may be suspended in water in a mole ratio of 34:1 and stirred at a temperature of between 40°C to 100°C, typically approximately 95°C for 0.5 to 4 hours typically 55 minutes as illustrated by the curve in Figure 2 . Only 10 minutes additional time is required for a ratio of 24:1.
  • the reaction vessel may be maintained at a temperature between 2°C to 10°C, typically approximately 5°C for 0.5 to 2 hours typically 1 hour to allow for complete crystallization followed by filtration.
  • the precipitate may be washed 5 times with small volumes of cold water and once with acetone and allowed to air dry. 1 mol K 2 PtC1 6 + 34mol K 2 C 2 O 4 ⁇ K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O
  • the oxalate plays two roles. Firstly, it acts as a reducing agent. On heating the solution of K 2 C 2 O 4 with a suspension of K 2 PtC1 6 the latter dissolves to form a dark orange solution with the evolution of gas. The disappearance of the starting material accompanied with a darkening of the solution indicates the formation of PtCl 4 2- therefore a reduction of platinum(IV) to platinum(II). The evolution of gas further indicates the oxidation of oxalate to CO 2 .
  • the oxalate After all the K 2 PtCl 6 has dissolved, the oxalate starts a second role where it acts as a complexing agent and a light yellow precipitate starts to form.
  • the oxalate acts as a suitable complexing agent which can coordinate to the platinum to form K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 -2H 2 O. Therefore, this method can be divided into two separate reactions.
  • An alternative reducing agent such as SO 2 may be used in the place of the oxalate, to reduce the platinum IV to platinum II.
  • the inventor has quite unexpectedly found out that when a platinum compound and oxalate are reacted at a high mole ratio of greater than 1:4, preferably greater than 1:8, more preferably greater than 1:16, most preferably 1:24 or greater and lower reaction temperatures (less than 100°C, typically 95°C), shorter reaction times are attained and no reduction to platinum metal (no platinum black) is observed.
  • the higher concentration of the complexing anion, oxalate not only acts as a stabilizater of the bis -oxalatoplatinate(II) species but also improves reaction rates of reduction as well as ligand exchange thus resulting in high yields of the bis -oxalatoplatinate(II) species.
  • the bis-dicarboxylatoplatinate(II) species viz. K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O, may be reacted with a suitable, preferably optically pure, neutral bidentate ligand to form a neutral platinum(II) oxalato compound such as oxaliplatin.
  • K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O may be dissolved in a suitable solvent system whereafter a ligand (L) dissolved in a suitable solvent is added.
  • the ligand may be selected from any bidentate neutral donor ligand, but in the case of oxaliplatin is a diamine, namely optically pure trans-l -1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
  • Optically pure trans-l-1,2-diaminocyclohexane may be obtained in an optically pure state by crystallization with tartaric acid, for example by a method described by Hans-Jörg Schanz, Michael A. Linseis and Declan G.
  • the crude product may be purified by extracting the oxalatoplatinum(II) complex with sufficient excess of water. Contaminating K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O which has similar solubility properties to the oxalatoplatinum(II) complex such as oxaliplatin at low temperatures may be removed by transforming it into Cs 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 through addition of C S2 C 2 O 4 which upon cooling removes Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 2- . The filtrate of this solution upon vacuum evaporation leaves a solid which can be washed with a small portion of hot water removing the residual amounts of Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 2- and oxalate salts.
  • the white solid may be washed with cold water to obtain pure oxaliplatin.
  • a further amount of oxalatoplatinum(II) complex may be obtained from the filtrate after removing Cs 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 which precipitates after cooling.
  • the final step consists of the recrystallization of the above white precipitate.
  • a final oxaliplatin product has a chemical purity of 99.5% and optical purity of 99.98%.
  • the overall yield of chemically and optically pure oxaliplatin is 15%.
  • the above method of the invention when used for producing oxaliplatin uses only 5 steps with an overall reaction time of 16 hours. It also requires the use of only four different chemicals, namely: K 2 PtC1 6 / K 2 PtCl 4 , K 2 C 2 O 4 , C S2 C 2 O 4 and a suitable neutral bidentate ligand.
  • the method described above may be used to form many other platinum(II) complexes with neutral bidentate ligands, and makes it possible to form platinum(I I) complexes with neutrals bidentate ligands that contain donor atoms other than N, typically S and Se, for example:
  • Ligands containing S and Se donor atoms cannot be used in reactions that make use of silver compounds, because these atoms react by binding very strongly with both platinum and silver ions.
  • K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O may be dissolved in distilled water over a 90°C water bath to which is added dropwise while stirring one molar equivalent of the relevant neutral bidentate ligand dissolved in acetone.
  • the platinum(li) solution so formed may be stirred for 11 ⁇ 2 hours at 90°C and subsequently allowed to cool.
  • the resultant precipitate may be filtered and washed once with cold distilled water and air dried in an oven at 50°C.
  • 2-methylthioalkyl complexes of imidazole prepared by the above method are reflected in the structural Formula (I) below where R 1 and R 2 may be selected from alkyl (e.g. CH 3 , C 2 H 5 etc.) and aryl (e.g. phenyl) groups.
  • Typical 2-methylthioakyl complexes of imidazole are complexes (i) to (v) below:
  • 2-methylthioalkyl complexes of pyridine of the invention are reflected in the structural Formula (II) below where R 2 may be selected from alkyl (e.g. CH 3 , C 2 H 5 etc.) and aryl (e.g. phenyl) groups.
  • R 2 may be selected from alkyl (e.g. CH 3 , C 2 H 5 etc.) and aryl (e.g. phenyl) groups.
  • Typical 2-methylthioalkyl complexes of pyridine are compounds (vi) to (viii) below:
  • K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O may be dissolved in distilled water over a 90°C water bath.
  • Dimethylformamide (dmf) may be added to the platinum(II) solution to form a 20:80 water:dmf mixed solvent ratio.
  • One molar equivalent of the relevant ligand may be dissolved in acetone and added dropwise while stirring whereafter the platinum(11)solution so formed may be stirred for 2 hours at 90°C.
  • the reaction may be allowed to cool at room temperature and the resultant precipitate filtered, washed once with cold distilled water and allowed to air dry in an oven at 50°C to produce a light yellow product (47% yield).
  • the conventional method of preparing oxaliplatin uses 6 steps and has an overall reaction time of 38 hours.
  • the method of the present invention reduces the reaction time and has fewer steps.
  • the method of the invention is simpler, more efficient and more cost-effective than conventional methods.
  • the method of the invention also eliminates the contamination problems experienced in conventional methods, such as that described in US 5,420,319 .
  • No PtLX 2 is formed which is generally quite insoluble in water and no silver is used which needs to be removed.
  • the only by-products that need to be eliminated from the method of the invention is excess K 2 C 2 0 4 when synthesizing K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 0 and unreacted K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O and oxalate salts when producing PtL(C 2 O 4 ) in the case of oxaliplatin.
  • the excess oxalate salts are very soluble in water and can be removed easily by washing with distilled water.
  • a further advantage of not using a silver compound is that this reaction need not be carried out in darkness and can be used with neutral bidentate ligands that contain donor atoms other than N, such as S and Se which readily react with silver ions.
  • Such ligands cannot be used in the methods that make use of silver compounds, thus preventing the synthesis of their carboxylato analogues.
  • the method of the invention makes possible, inter alia, the synthesis of bidentate N,N ligand oxalato complexes of platinum(II) and a variety of new oxalatoplatinum(II) complexes containing bidentate ligands with N, S or Se donor atoms.
  • Example 2 Production of K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O from K 2 PtCl 6 with oxalate as the reducing agent.
  • K 2 C 2 O 4 was dissolved in 50ml distilled water at approximately 95°C and stirred for 1 hour 15 minutes, subsequently cooled in a refrigerator for 2 hours and filtered. The excess K 2 C 2 O 4 was removed by washing the precipitate 5 times with 3ml portions of water and rinsed once with 2ml acetone. It was allowed to air dry in a 50°C oven. The yield was 86%.
  • Example 3 Production of K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O from K 2 PtC1 6 with SO 2 as the reducing agent.
  • K 2 PtC1 6 was suspended in 6ml distilled water at approximately 95°C. A saturated SO 2 solution was added drop wise till all the K 2 PtCl 6 dissolved. Excess K 2 C 2 O 4 (1.981g (10.8 mmole) was added directly to the platinum solution and stirred for a further hour. The mixture was refrigerated for 2 hours and filtered. The precipitate was washed 5 times with 3ml portions of water, rinsed once with 1ml acetone and allowed to air dry in a 50°C oven. The yield was 78%.
  • Tetrahedron Asymmetry 12 (2003), 2763-2769 ) (1.06g, 9.27mmol) was dissolved in distilled water (74ml) and the pH adjusted with dilute acetic acid to between 6.6-7.5, to provide an amine solution.
  • the amine solution was added incrementally in eight equal portions every 45 minutes to the platinum oxalate solution over 6 hours where after the solution was cooled to room temperature and the precipitate filtered. The solvent was removed from the filtrate under vacuum.
  • the solid obtained from the filtrate contains oxaliplatin in a crude form.
  • This solid was suspended in distilled water (40ml) over a water bath at 70°C for a period of time (10 minutes) where after the remaining solid was removed by filtration.
  • the filtrate was cooled and 0.75 molar equivalents of Cs 2 C 2 O 4 in relation to K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O was added.
  • the solution was stirred for approximately 20 minutes and the precipitate which formed was filtered.
  • the solvent was subsequently vacuum evaporated.
  • the remaining solid was suspended in a small portion of distilled water (6ml) and heated to 70°C for a period of time (10 minutes) and filtered to provide a filtrate (A).
  • the solid which did not dissolve contained mostly oxaliplatin with a small portion of oxalate salt (see Figure 3 ). This was readily purified by washing the solid with a small portion (3ml) of distilled water to obtain pure oxaliplatin (see Figure 4 ).
  • the filtrate (A) was cooled to 5°C and the precipitate filtered.
  • the solvent was vacuum evaporated.
  • the oxalate salts were readily removed by washing 5 times with small portions of distilled water (3ml) resulting in a further amount of pure oxaliplatin.
  • All the oxaliplatin samples produced had a chemical purity 99.5% (see Figure 4 ) and optical purity of 99.98% (see Figure 5 ).
  • Example 5 Method for producing oxaliplatin with K 2 PtCl 4 as the starting material.
  • K 2 PtCl 4 (41.5g; 92.0 mmole) and 271.17g (1178.8 mmole) of K 2 C 2 O 4 were simultaneously dissolved in 600ml water and kept at 95°C for at least 1 hour, during which time K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O gradually precipitated.
  • the solution was cooled for over 2 hours at 5°C, filtered and washed with 5 80 ml portions of water and finally with acetone. After 45 minutes in an oven at 50°C pure dry K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O (43.72g; 89.96 mmole) was obtained.
  • the product was dissolved in 120ml pure water at 95°C and trans-l -1,2-diaminocyclohexane (10.28g; 90.03 mmole) dissolved in 40ml acetone was added and stirred for 11 ⁇ 2 hours at 95°C. It was left to stand at room temperature for over 2 hours, The solvent was removed from the filtrate under vacuum. The solid obtained from the filtrate contained most of the oxaliplatin in a crude form.
  • This solid was suspended in distilled water (388ml) over a water bath at 70°C for a period of time (20 minutes) where after the remaining solid was removed by filtration.
  • the filtrate was cooled and 0.75 molar equivalents of Cs 2 C 2 O 4 in relation to K 2 Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .2H 2 O was added.
  • the solution was stirred for approximately 20 minutes and the precipitate which formed was filtered.
  • the solvent was subsequently vacuum evaporated.
  • the remaining solid was suspended in a portion of distilled water (58ml) and heated at 70°C for a period of time (20 minutes) and filtered to provide a filtrate (A).
  • the solid which did not dissolve contained mostly oxaliplatin with a portion of oxalate salt. This was readily purified by washing the solid with a portion (29ml) of distilled water to obtain pure oxaliplatin.
  • the filtrate (A) was cooled to 5°C and the precipitate filtered.
  • the solvent was vacuum evaporated.
  • the oxalate salts were readily removed by washing 5 times with portions of distilled water (29ml) resulting in pure oxaliplatin.
  • All the oxaliplatin samples produced had a chemical purity 99.5% and optical purity of 99.98%.
  • the overall yield of chemically and optically pure oxaliplatin was 15%.
  • Example 6 Method for the preparation of 2-methylthioakyl complexes of imidazole and pyridine, in this case oxalato(l-methyl-2-methylthiopropylimidazole)platinum(II).
  • Example 7 Method for the preparation of an aliphatic aminothioether complex of PT(II) oxalate, in this case oxalato(1-amino-2-thiomethylethane)platinum(II).
  • the purities of the compounds of Examples 6 and 7 were determined by C, H and N analysis, infrared spectroscopy and the ligands by NMR spectroscopy. All the complexes show molecular weight peaks obtained from FAB mass spectral data which correspond with monomolecular complexes except Pt(1-methyl-2-methylthiopropylimidazole)C 2 O 4 which gave only fractions.
  • Anticancer testing on the complex of Example 6 was performed and compared with cisplatin under similar conditions using 5% foetal calf serum as a medium.
  • the percentage inhibition of oxalato(1-methyl-2-methylthiopropylimidazole)platinum(II) on cervical cancer cells was 88.6% and 97.7% at 10 and 100 ⁇ M solutions while the corresponding values for cisplatin are 85.4 and 95.3% respectively.

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EP10177033A 2003-11-25 2004-11-24 Complexes de platine(II), leur préparation et leur utilisation Withdrawn EP2330110A1 (fr)

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ZA200604529B (en) 2003-11-25 2007-12-27 Platco Technologies Proprietar Platinum (II) complexes, preparation and use
CA2576834A1 (fr) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-09 Platco Technologies (Proprietary) Limited Preparation de complexes de platine (ii)
WO2007021852A2 (fr) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-22 Virginia Commonwealth University Complexes de transplatine comprenant des ensembles donneurs n2o2 utilises comme agents cytotoxiques et antitumoraux
ZA200806748B (en) 2006-01-30 2010-01-27 Platco Technologies Proprietar Preparation of platinum (II) complexes
DE102013207045A1 (de) * 2012-10-05 2014-06-12 Heraeus Precious Metals Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Edelmetalloxalat-Komplexen
CN105218589A (zh) * 2015-10-10 2016-01-06 山东铂源药业有限公司 一种奥沙利铂的合成方法

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US20090312417A1 (en) 2009-12-17
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