EP2322772A1 - Purificateur d'échappement pour moteur diesel - Google Patents

Purificateur d'échappement pour moteur diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2322772A1
EP2322772A1 EP09813043A EP09813043A EP2322772A1 EP 2322772 A1 EP2322772 A1 EP 2322772A1 EP 09813043 A EP09813043 A EP 09813043A EP 09813043 A EP09813043 A EP 09813043A EP 2322772 A1 EP2322772 A1 EP 2322772A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust
thin film
dpf
exhaust gas
diesel engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09813043A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kiminobu Hirata
Nobuhiko Masaki
Masakazu Yano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UD Trucks Corp
Original Assignee
UD Trucks Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UD Trucks Corp filed Critical UD Trucks Corp
Publication of EP2322772A1 publication Critical patent/EP2322772A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/21—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2251/206 or B01D2251/208
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/02—Surface coverings for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for removing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust gas in an exhaust gas purification apparatus for a diesel engine.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • PM particulate matter
  • an apparatus including a diesel particulate filter (DPF) coated with a NOx selective reducing catalyst as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open (Kokai) Patent Application Publication No. 2006-274986 Patent Literature 1
  • the PM is trapped and removed by the DPF while the NOx is selectively reduced and purified in the NOx selective reducing catalyst by using ammonia, produced from a urea aqueous solution injection-supplied on an exhaust upstream side of the DPF, as a reducing agent.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Laid-Open (Kokai) Patent Application Publication No. 2006-274986
  • regeneration treatment is indispensable, in the regeneration treatment, the PM trapped by the DPF is incinerated by the well-known method such as increasing exhaust temperature by an engine control and actuating an electric heater provided to the DPF. Because temperature of the DPF increases due to incineration heat of the PM during the regeneration treatment of the DPF, temperature of the NOx selective reducing catalyst applied to the DPF increases as well. In the NOx selective reducing catalyst, there is a possibility that an active component is deteriorated by heat due to the excessive temperature rise.
  • the present technique has an object to provide an exhaust gas purification apparatus for a diesel engine, in which it is possible to prevent direct transmission of incineration heat of the PM to the NOx selective reducing catalyst applied to the DPF to thereby suppress deterioration of an active component.
  • a DPF disposed in an exhaust passage of a diesel engine is coated with a selective reducing catalyst, for selectively reducing and purifying NOx by using a reducing agent, and a thin film, having fine pores of size for allowing passage of the NOx and preventing passage of PM, in this order.
  • the PM included in exhaust gas of the diesel engine cannot pass through the thin film and therefore is trapped in a surface of the thin film.
  • the NOx included in the exhaust gas passes through the thin film, reaches the selective reducing catalyst, and is selectively reduced and purified by the selective reducing catalyst by using a reducing agent.
  • the thin film prevents direct transmission of incineration heat of the PM to the selective reducing catalyst to suppress a temperature rise of the selective reducing catalyst. As a result, it is possible to suppress deterioration of an active component.
  • FIG. 1 is a general block view of an exhaust gas purification apparatus for purifying NOx and PM included in exhaust gas of a diesel engine by using a urea aqueous solution which is a reducing agent precursor.
  • a DPF16 for trapping and removing the PM in the exhaust gas is disposed in an exhaust pipe 14 (exhaust passage) connected to an exhaust manifold 12 of a diesel engine 10.
  • the DPF 16 has a large number of cells formed substantially parallel to an exhaust gas flow by partition walls formed of porous members such as ceramics and inlets and outlets of the respective cells are alternately sealed with sealing members in a staggered pattern.
  • an exhaust inflow face of the DPF 16 is coated with a NOx selective reducing catalyst 18, for selectively reducing and purifying the NOx by using ammonia as a reducing agent, and a thin film 20, having fine pores of size for allowing passage of the NOx and preventing passage of the PM, in this order.
  • a NOx selective reducing catalyst 18 for example, an active component may be directly supported on a surface of the DPF 16 or a washcoat of a carrier having an active-component-impregnated layer may be applied on the surface of the DPF 16.
  • the thin film 20 it is preferable to employ alumina or zeolite in order to make it easy to form the thin film 20.
  • a spray nozzle 22 for spraying the urea aqueous solution is disposed in the exhaust pipe 14 on an exhaust upstream side of the DPF 16.
  • the urea aqueous solution stored in a reducing agent tank 24 is supplied to the spray nozzle 22 via a reducing agent dosing device 26 including a pump and a flow rate control valve.
  • a temperature sensor 28 for measuring temperature (exhaust temperature) of the exhaust gas introduced into the DPF 16 is disposed in the exhaust pipe 14 on the exhaust upstream side of the spray nozzle 22 disposed.
  • An output signal of the temperature sensor 28 is input to a reducing agent dosing control unit (hereafter referred to as "DCU (Dosing Control Unit)") 30 including a computer.
  • DCU Dosing Control Unit
  • the DCU 30 is connected to an engine control unit (ECU) 32 so as to be able to communicate with the ECU 32 through a network such as a CAN (Controller Area Network) in order to appropriately read in an engine rotation speed and an engine load as engine operating states.
  • a known state quantity such as a fuel injection amount, torque, an accelerator opening, a throttle opening, an intake flow rate, intake negative pressure, and supercharging pressure may be used.
  • the DCU 30 executes a control program stored in ROM (Read Only Memory) to compute the urea aqueous solution dosing flow rate suitable to the exhaust temperature, the engine rotation speed, and the engine load, to thereby output a control signal according to the dosing flow rate to the reducing agent dosing device 26.
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • the pump and the flow rate control valve are appropriately and electronically controlled based on the control signal from the DCU 30, and the urea aqueous solution of the flow rate according to the engine operating state is supplied to the spray nozzle 22.
  • the urea aqueous solution sprayed from the spray nozzle 22 into the exhaust pipe 14 is hydrolyzed by exhaust heat and water vapor in the exhaust gas and converted into ammonia and the ammonia flows in the exhaust flow and is supplied to the DPF 16.
  • the thin film 20 applied on the exhaust inflow face of the DPF 16 has fine pores of size for allowing passage of the NOx and preventing passage of PM, and thus, as illustrated in FIG. 3 , the PM 34 in the exhaust gas is trapped in the surface of the thin film 20 and the NOx 36 in the exhaust gas passes through the thin film 20 and reaches the NOx selective reducing catalyst 18.
  • the NOx selective reducing catalyst 18 selectively reduces and purifies the NOx 36 in the exhaust gas by using the ammonia supplied while flowing in the exhaust flow.
  • the thin film 20 prevents direct transmission of incineration heat of the PM 34 to the NOx selective reducing catalyst 18. As a result, it is possible to suppress a temperature rise of the NOx selective reducing catalyst 18 to thereby suppress deterioration of the active component.
  • the NOx selective reducing catalyst 18 and the thin film 20 are applied only on the exhaust inflow face of the DPF 16, exhaust-passing resistance of the DPF 16 coated with the NOx selective reducing catalyst 18 and the thin film 20 can be reduced and it is possible to suppress reduction in fuel economy and output due to increase in exhaust pressure.
  • the thin film 20 is made of alumina or zeolite, and thus, it is easy to form the thin film 20.
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus described above is based on the premise that the urea aqueous solution is used as the reducing agent precursor, it is also possible to use hydrocarbon, alcohol, diesel oil, solid urea, and the like as the reducing agent or the precursor thereof according to a mechanism for selectively reducing and purifying the NOx.
  • the technique can be applied not only to the device in which the reducing agent or the precursor thereof is injection supplied into the exhaust pipe 14 but also to a device in which a catalytic converter is used to produce a reducing agent from exhaust components.
  • the NOx selective reducing catalyst 18 and the thin film 20 may be applied on an exhaust outflow face as well as on the exhaust inflow face of the DPF 16.
  • the thin film 20 applied on the exhaust outflow face of the DPF 16does not contribute to trapping of the PM, it is preferable to apply only the NOx selective reducing catalyst 18 on the exhaust outflow face of the DPF 16 from a viewpoint of reduction of the exhaust-passing resistance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
EP09813043A 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Purificateur d'échappement pour moteur diesel Withdrawn EP2322772A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008230820A JP2010065554A (ja) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置
PCT/JP2009/065521 WO2010029897A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Purificateur d’échappement pour moteur diesel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2322772A1 true EP2322772A1 (fr) 2011-05-18

Family

ID=42005152

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09813043A Withdrawn EP2322772A1 (fr) 2008-09-09 2009-09-04 Purificateur d'échappement pour moteur diesel

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110154808A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2322772A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010065554A (fr)
CN (1) CN102149903A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010029897A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5560426B2 (ja) * 2008-12-19 2014-07-30 Ｕｄトラックス株式会社 エンジンの排気浄化装置
JP5533190B2 (ja) * 2010-04-22 2014-06-25 いすゞ自動車株式会社 パティキュレートフィルター及びその再生方法
RU2606468C1 (ru) 2012-12-13 2017-01-10 Тойота Дзидося Кабусики Кайся Устройство диагностики неисправностей устройства управления выхлопными газами
EP2884066B1 (fr) * 2013-12-11 2017-01-11 Hirtenberger Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de diagnostic d'un objet et dispositif correspondant
JP2018123776A (ja) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP7120959B2 (ja) * 2019-04-22 2022-08-17 トヨタ自動車株式会社 構造体

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6017217A (ja) * 1983-07-08 1985-01-29 Toyota Motor Corp 排ガス浄化用フイルタ
JP2003083028A (ja) * 2001-09-12 2003-03-19 Mitsubishi Motors Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
EP1829596A1 (fr) * 2002-03-29 2007-09-05 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Filtre céramique et unité de décontamination de gaz d'échappement
JP3872384B2 (ja) * 2002-06-13 2007-01-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排ガス浄化フィルタ触媒
JP2005291062A (ja) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-20 Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp フィルタ装置及びこれを備えた排気ガス浄化装置
JP2006274986A (ja) 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp 排気後処理装置
DE102008010388B4 (de) * 2008-02-21 2015-04-16 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Dieselpartikelfilters und damit hergestelltes Dieselpartikelfilter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2010029897A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010029897A1 (fr) 2010-03-18
CN102149903A (zh) 2011-08-10
JP2010065554A (ja) 2010-03-25
US20110154808A1 (en) 2011-06-30

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