EP2318672A1 - Procédé pour régler un résonateur de helmholtz et résonateur de helmholtz destiné à mettre en oeuvre le procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour régler un résonateur de helmholtz et résonateur de helmholtz destiné à mettre en oeuvre le procédé

Info

Publication number
EP2318672A1
EP2318672A1 EP09806407A EP09806407A EP2318672A1 EP 2318672 A1 EP2318672 A1 EP 2318672A1 EP 09806407 A EP09806407 A EP 09806407A EP 09806407 A EP09806407 A EP 09806407A EP 2318672 A1 EP2318672 A1 EP 2318672A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
constriction
resonator
air
axis
helmholtz resonator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09806407A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bruno Schuermans
Jaan Hellat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP2318672A1 publication Critical patent/EP2318672A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/023—Helmholtz resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustion technology, especially in the context of gas turbines. It relates to a method for adjusting a Helmholtz resonator according to the preamble of claim 1 and a Helmholtz resonator for carrying out the method.
  • Helmholtz resonators for damping pulsations in the combustion chambers of gas turbines has already been proposed in many cases (see, for example, the document DE-B4-196 40 980). There are also already Helmholtz resonators with several resonator volumes connected in series has been disclosed, with which multiple frequencies can be attenuated (see, for example, DE-A1-10 2005 062 284).
  • the effectiveness of such damping systems is limited to a narrow frequency range around the resonant frequency of the individual dampers.
  • the damping characteristic of such systems is a function of the acoustic resistance of the constriction, via which the respective resonator volume is coupled to the space to be damped, in particular the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the acoustic resistance of the constriction is a function of the flow rate and the pressure loss coefficient in the constriction.
  • the resonance frequency has only a weak dependence on the acoustic resistance in the constriction.
  • the resonance frequency depends very strongly on this resistance.
  • a Helmholtz resonator that is tunable to the pulsations actually occurring in a combustor to achieve the greatest possible damping effect.
  • a tunability is achieved, for example, by arranging an adjustable piston in the resonator volume.
  • such a mechanical adjustment is complex in construction and unsuitable for active control.
  • the object is solved by the entirety of the features of claims 1 and 6. It is essential for the invention that, for adjusting the Helmholtz resonator, the acoustic resistance of the constriction is changed, via which the resonator volume is connected to the room to be damped. The adjustment of the acoustic resistance of the constriction allows:
  • Helmholtz resonators with two resonator volumes Helmholtz resonators with two resonator volumes.
  • the acoustic resistance of the constriction can be adjusted in two ways: 1) By injecting purge air through two air inlets (air jets) into the
  • Resonator system via an axial air inlet through which the air is injected in the direction of the (longitudinal) axis of the resonator arrangement, and via a Tangentiallufteinlass over which the air - relative to the axis - is injected in the circumferential direction.
  • the ratio of the pulses of the tangentially injected air and the axially injected air defines the
  • Constriction followed by a sudden expansion at the outlet of the constriction, is known to produce a so-called "vortex breakdown.” It is known that the mechanism of vortex shedding indicates a strong dependence of the pressure loss coefficient on the swirl number a small proportion of injected into the constriction axial air can be adjusted.
  • An embodiment of the method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the acoustic resistance of the constriction is changed by changing the swirl number in the resonator volume and in the constriction.
  • axial air in the direction of the axis and Tangential Kunststoff is injected in the circumferential direction to the axis, and changed the ratio of the mass flows of axial air and Tangentialluft to change the swirl number.
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that axial air in the direction of the axis and tangential air in the circumferential direction to the axis is injected into the at least one resonator volume, that the axial air acts on a vortex generator arranged at the upstream end of the constriction, and that for alteration the swirl number of the mass flow of the axial clearance is changed.
  • the relationship between the mass flows of the axial air and the tangential air can be controlled in three different ways: 1) By changing the flow cross sections of the axial air and
  • Fluidix element is the fluid dynamic equivalent of a transistor: it uses a small amount of air to control the main airflow.
  • a Fluidix element can be an integral part of the Helmholtz resonator or of the vortex generator used there.
  • the given according to the invention possibility to tune the frequency and the resistance of the Helmholtz resonator can in a closed Control loop can be used to control the pulsation in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
  • a closed Control loop can be used to control the pulsation in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
  • Such a system would include a tunable Helmholtz resonator and a controller that specifies the ratio of tangential air to radial clearance. The controller sets this ratio according to a measured pulsation frequency and amplitude.
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the change in the acoustic resistance of the constriction takes place in accordance with a pulsation signal measured in the room to be damped.
  • the Helmholtz resonator according to the invention comprises at least one resonator volume which can be connected along an axis via a constriction to the space to be damped, in particular the combustion chamber, wherein the constriction has a predetermined acoustic resistance and the Helmholtz resonator means for adjusting the acoustic resistance of Constriction includes.
  • a first embodiment of the Helmholtz resonator according to the invention is characterized in that the means for adjusting the acoustic resistance of the constriction comprises an axial air inlet for injecting air in the direction of the axis and a tangential air inlet for injecting air in the circumferential direction to the axis.
  • the acoustic resistance of the restriction over the swirl number is variable by changing the ratio of the air injected through the axial air inlet and the air injected through the tangential air inlet.
  • Flow cross-section of Axiallufteinlasses and / or Tangentiallufteinlasses is changeable.
  • Another development is characterized in that at least one control valve is provided for varying the ratio of the air injected through the axial air inlet and the air injected through the tangential air inlet.
  • a further development is characterized in that a fluidic control device is provided for changing the ratio of the air injected through the axial air inlet and the air injected through the tangential air inlet.
  • a control is provided which can be acted upon at an input with a pulsation signal measured in the space to be damped, in particular in the combustion chamber.
  • Helmholtz resonator is characterized in that the acoustic resistance of the constriction via the swirl number is variable by a vortex generator arranged at the upstream end of the constriction, which can be acted upon by the axial air inlet with axially deflated air.
  • a variant of the Helmholtz resonator according to the invention is characterized in that the Helmholtz resonator has a single resonator volume, in that the axial air inlet is arranged on the side of the resonator volume opposite to the constriction, and in that the tangential air inlet has air approximately in the middle between the constriction and the axial air inlet injected into the resonator volume.
  • Helmholtz resonator in the axis connected in series comprises at least two resonator volumes with two associated constrictions, and that at least the first resonator volume a Axial air inlet for injecting air in the direction of the axis and a Tangentiallufteinlass for injecting air in the circumferential direction to the axis.
  • the second resonator volume may also have an axial air inlet for the injection of air in the direction of the axis and a tangential air inlet for the injection of air in the circumferential direction to the axis.
  • both resonator volumes may include a vortex generator located at the upstream end of the throat.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a greatly simplified schematic representation of an adjustable Helmholtz resonator according to a first embodiment of the invention with only one resonator volume in the plan view in the axial direction (a) and in the side view (b).
  • FIG. 2 shows in a representation comparable to FIG. 1 (b) an adjustable Helmholtz resonator according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention with two resonator volumes arranged one behind the other in the axial direction, wherein only the properties of the first resonator volume are adjustable;
  • FIG. 3 in a comparable to Fig. 2 representation of an adjustable
  • Helmholtz resonator according to a third embodiment of the invention with two in the axial direction one behind the other arranged resonator, wherein at the constriction of the first resonator volume is acted upon with axial air vortex generator is arranged;
  • FIG. 4 shows an analogous to FIG. 3 fourth embodiment of the invention, in which the axial clearance for the vortex generator is controlled by a control valve in accordance with a Pulsationssignals and
  • Fig. 5 is a to Fig. 2 analogous fifth embodiment, in which the axial air and the tangential air via a fluidic
  • Control device is controlled in accordance with a pulsation signal.
  • FIG. 1 shows a highly simplified schematic representation of an adjustable Helmholtz resonator according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention as viewed along the axis 29 of the system (FIG. 1 (a)) and in a side view (FIG. 1 (b)).
  • the Helmholtz resonator 10 has a
  • Resonator volume 11 which is connected via a constriction 12 to a space to be damped, in this case the combustion chamber 13 of a gas turbine (not shown).
  • the Helmholtz resonator 10 extends along the axis 29.
  • the resonator volume 11 and the constriction 12 may have a cylindrical shape. Other designs are also conceivable.
  • the constriction can be designed as a diffuser in order to amplify a possible vortex breakdown . The dimensions depend on the pulsation frequencies occurring in the combustion chamber.
  • two air inlets 14 and 15 are provided on the resonator volume 11.
  • Axiallufteinlass 14 is in axial Directed air into the resonator 11.
  • the tangential air inlet 15 which is arranged laterally between the axial air inlet 14 and the constriction 12 approximately in the middle, air is injected into the resonator volume 11 in the tangential direction.
  • the ratio of the impulses of the injected axial air and tangential air determines the swirl number in the resonator volume 11 and in the constriction 12 and thus the swirl number-dependent acoustic resistance in the constriction 12.
  • the momentum ratio of axial air and tangential air can be changed, for example, by the flow cross-section in FIG Axiallufteinlass 14 and / or in Tangentiallufteinlass 15 is changed. This can be done for example by inserting apertures with different aperture diameter or by variable in diameter (iris) aperture.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a Helmholtz resonator according to the invention with two resonator volumes is shown in FIG.
  • a second resonator volume 16 with a second constriction 17 is arranged between the first resonator volume 11 with the following first constriction 12 and the combustion chamber 13.
  • the tuning takes place here again by an axial air inlet 14 and a tangential air inlet 15 at the first resonator volume 11.
  • the two resonator volumes 11, 16 and constrictions 12, 17 can be identical in size and shape.
  • the resonator volume 16 can also be equipped with an axial air inlet and a tangential air inlet, as indicated in FIG. 3 by the dashed lines with the reference numerals 15 'and 18'.
  • the Helmholtz resonator 20a reproduced in FIG. 3 represents a modification of the Helmholtz resonator 20 shown in FIG. 2. It likewise comprises two resonant volumes 11 and 16 connected in series with the corresponding resonator volumes Constrictions 12 and 17. Unlike in the arrangement according to Fig. 2, here at the upstream end of the first constriction 12 a swirl generator 19 is provided, which is supplied with axial air via a comparatively narrow axial air inlet 18. About the effect of The second resonator volume 16 can also be equipped with an axial air inlet 18 'and a tangential air inlet 15' and / or with a vortex generator 19 '.
  • the Helmholtz resonator according to the invention may be part of a closed loop, as shown in Fig. 4 and 5.
  • the Helmholtz resonator 20b in turn has two resonator volumes 11 and 16 connected in series with the associated constrictions 12 and 17.
  • a vortex generator 19 with axial air inlet 18 and a tangential air inlet 15 are provided.
  • the mass flow of the axial air can be controlled by a control valve 21 arranged in front of the axial air inlet 18.
  • the control valve 21 is controlled by a controller 22, which receives on the input side a recorded in the combustion chamber 13 pulsation signal.
  • the algorithm of the controller 22 tries to reduce the size of the pulsations.
  • the mass flows of the axial air and the tangential air are controlled by a fluidic control device (fluidic element) 24 in response to a small flow of control air 26.
  • the air is supplied via an air supply 28 and divided accordingly.
  • the control air 26 is controlled by means of a control valve 25, which in turn is controlled by a controller 27 in accordance with a pulsation signal 23 from the combustion chamber 13.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un procédé pour régler un résonateur de Helmholtz (10), lequel inclut au moins un volume résonateur (11) qui est raccordé à un espace (13) à amortir le long d’un axe (29) par le biais d’un rétrécissement (12) qui présente une résistance acoustique. Selon l’invention, la résistance acoustique du rétrécissement (12) est modifiée pour régler le résonateur de Helmholtz (10).
EP09806407A 2008-08-14 2009-07-30 Procédé pour régler un résonateur de helmholtz et résonateur de helmholtz destiné à mettre en oeuvre le procédé Withdrawn EP2318672A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01279/08A CH699322A1 (de) 2008-08-14 2008-08-14 Verfahren zum einstellen eines helmholtz-resonators sowie helmholtz-resonator zur durchführung des verfahrens.
PCT/EP2009/059872 WO2010018069A1 (fr) 2008-08-14 2009-07-30 Procédé pour régler un résonateur de helmholtz et résonateur de helmholtz destiné à mettre en œuvre le procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2318672A1 true EP2318672A1 (fr) 2011-05-11

Family

ID=40010991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09806407A Withdrawn EP2318672A1 (fr) 2008-08-14 2009-07-30 Procédé pour régler un résonateur de helmholtz et résonateur de helmholtz destiné à mettre en oeuvre le procédé

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8205714B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2318672A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5528447B2 (fr)
CH (1) CH699322A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010018069A1 (fr)

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CN113763914A (zh) * 2021-09-27 2021-12-07 哈尔滨理工大学 一种螺旋型亥姆霍兹共振器

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US8469141B2 (en) * 2011-08-10 2013-06-25 General Electric Company Acoustic damping device for use in gas turbine engine
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CN110751938A (zh) * 2019-10-12 2020-02-04 江苏科技大学 一种亥姆霍兹共振器及其工作方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH699322A1 (de) 2010-02-15
US8205714B2 (en) 2012-06-26
US20110139541A1 (en) 2011-06-16
JP2011530689A (ja) 2011-12-22
JP5528447B2 (ja) 2014-06-25
WO2010018069A1 (fr) 2010-02-18

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