EP2314729B2 - Dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties - Google Patents
Dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2314729B2 EP2314729B2 EP10181225.3A EP10181225A EP2314729B2 EP 2314729 B2 EP2314729 B2 EP 2314729B2 EP 10181225 A EP10181225 A EP 10181225A EP 2314729 B2 EP2314729 B2 EP 2314729B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- deformation
- strength
- steel sheet
- strain
- ferrite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 132
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 132
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 71
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 67
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 43
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Description
- The present invention relates to dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets, for automobiles use, which have excellent dynamic deformation properties and exhibit excellent impact absorption properties, and are intended to be used as structural members and reinforcing materials primarily for automobiles.
- The applications of high-strength steels have been increasing for the purpose of achieving lighter weight vehicle bodies in consideration of fuel consumption restrictions on automobiles and even more applications for high-strength steel are expected as domestic and foreign restrictions, relating to estimated impact absorption properties in automobile accidents, become rapidly more broad and strict. For example, for frontal collisions of passenger cars, the use of materials with high impact absorption properties for members known as "front side members" can allow impact energy to be absorbed through collapse of the member, thus lessening the impact experienced by passengers.
- However, conventional high-strength steels have been developed with a main view toward improving press formability, and doubts exist as to their application in terms of impact absorption properties. Prior art techniques relating to automobile steel with excellent impact absorption properties and methods of producing it have been developed which result in increased yield strength of steel sheets under high deformation speeds as an indicator of impact absorption properties, as disclosed in
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-18372 - In addition, since the strain rate undergone by each location upon automobile collision reaches about 103 (s-1), consideration of the impact absorption properties of the materials requires an understanding of the dynamic deformation properties in such a high strain rate range. Also, high-strength steel sheets with excellent dynamic deformation properties are understood to be important for achieving both lighter weight and improved impact absorption properties for automobiles, and recent reports have highlighted this fact. For example, the present inventors have reported on the high strain rate properties and impact energy absorption properties of high-strength thin steel sheets in CAMP-ISIJ Vol.9 (1966), pp.1112-1115, wherein they explain that the dynamic strength at a high strain rate of 103 (s-1) increases dramatically compared to the static strength at a low strain rate speed of 10-3 (s-1), that absorption energy during crashes is increased by greater steel material strengths, that the strain rate dependency of materials depends on the structure of the steel, and that TRIP type steel (Transformation induced plasticity type steel) and dual-phase (hereunder, "DP") type steel exhibit both excellent press formability and high impact absorption properties. Also, the present inventors have already filed
Japanese Patent Applications No.8-98000 JP-A-9-287050 8-109224 JP-A-10-291016 - As mentioned above, although the dynamic deformation properties of high-strength steel sheets are understood at the high strain rates of automobile collisions, it is still unclear what properties should be maximized for automobile members with impact energy absorption properties, and on what criteria the selection of materials should be based. In addition, the automobile members are produced by press forming of steel sheets, and collision impacts are applied to these press formed members. However, high-strength steel sheets with excellent dynamic deformation properties as actual members, based on an understanding of the impact energy absorption properties after such press forming, are still unknown.
- For press forming of members for collision safety, a combination of excellent shape fixability, excellent stretchability (tensile strength x total elongation ≥ 18,000) and excellent flangeability (hole expansion ratio ≤ 1.2) is desirable, but at the current time no material has provided both excellent impact absorption properties and excellent press formability.
- The present invention has been proposed as a means of overcoming the problems described above, and provides dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets for automobiles use, which have excellent impact absorption properties and excellent dynamic deformation properties.
- The invention further provides dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets, for automobiles, with excellent dynamic deformation properties, which are high-strength steel sheets used for automotive parts, such as front side members, and which are selected based on exact properties and standards for impact energy absorption during collisions and can reliably provide guaranteed safety.
- The invention still further provides dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets for automobiles with excellent dynamic deformation properties, which exhibit all the properties suitable for press forming of members, including excellent shape fixability, excellent stretchability and excellent flangeability.
- The invention as disclosed in claims 1-4 was devised to achieve the objects stated above. The following features or means, are briefly exposed thereafter:
- (1) A dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties, characterized in that the final microstructure of the steel sheet is a composite microstructure wherein the dominating phase is ferrite, and the second phase is another low temperature product phase containing martensite at a volume fraction between 3% and 50% after deformation at 5% equivalent strain of the steel sheet, wherein the difference between the quasi-static deformation strength as when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 10-4 - 5 x 10-3 (s-1) after pre-deformation of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10% of equivalent strain, and the dynamic deformation strength σd when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (s-1) after the aforementioned pre-deformation, i.e. (σd - σs), is at least 60 MPa, and the work hardening coefficient at 5-10% strain is at least 0.13.
- (2) A dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties, characterized in that the final microstructure of the steel sheet is a composite microstructure wherein the dominating phase is ferrite, and the second phase is another low temperature product phase containing martensite at a volume fraction between 3% and 50% after deformation at 5% equivalent strain of the steel sheet, wherein the average value σdyn (MPa) of the deformation stress in the range of 3~10% of equivalent strain when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (s-1), after pre-deformation of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10% of equivalent strain, satisfies the inequality: σdyn ≥ 0.766 x TS + 250 as expressed in terms of the tensile strength TS (MPa) in the quasi-static tensile test as measured in a strain rate range of 5 x 10-4 - 5 x 10-3 (s-1) prior to pre-deformation, and the work hardening coefficient at 5-10% strain is at least 0.13.
- (3) A dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties according to (1) or (2) above, characterized in that the ratio between the yield strength YS(0) and the tensile strength TS'(5) in the tensile test after pre-deformation at 5% of equivalent strain or after further bake hardening treatment (BH treatment) satisfies the inequality YS(0)/TS'(5) ≤ 0.7, and also satisfies the inequality: yield strength YS(0) x work hardening coefficient ≥ 70.
- (4) A dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties according to any of (1), (2) or (3) above, characterized in that the average grain size of the martensite is 5 µm or less, and the average grain size of the ferrite is 10 µm or less.
- (5) A dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties according to any of (1), (2), (3) or (4) above, characterized by satisfying the inequality: tensile strength (MPa) x total elongation (%) ≥ 18,000, and by satisfying the inequality: hole expansion ratio (d/d0) ≥ 1.2.
- (6) A dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties according to any of (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) above, characterized in that the plastic deformation (T) by either or both a tempering rolling and a tension leveller satisfies the following inequality.
- (7) The dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties according to the invention is also a dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet with excellent dynamic deformation properties according to (1) to (6) above, characterized in that the chemical compositions, in terms of weight percentage, C at 0.02~0.25%, either or both Mn and Cr at a total of 0.15~3.5%, one or more from among Si, Al and P at a total of 0.02~4.0%, if necessary one or more from among Ni, Cu and Mo at a total of no more than 3.5%, one or more from among Nb, Ti and V at no more than 0.30%, and either or both Ca and REM at 0.0005~0.01% for Ca and 0.005~0.95% for REM, with the remainder Fe as the primary component.
- (8) The dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties according to the invention is also a dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet with excellent dynamic deformation properties according to (1) to (7) above, characterized in that one or more from among B (≤0.01), S (≤0.01%) and N (≤0.02%) are further added if necessary to the steel.
- The dual-phase type high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet according to the invention having high impact energy absorption properties and excellent dynamic deformation properties according to (1) to (8) above, may be produced in that after a continuous casting slab is fed directly from casting to a hot rolling step, or is hot rolled upon reheating after momentary cooling, it is subjected to hot rolling at a finishing temperature of Ar3 - 50°C to Ar3 + 120°C, cooled at an average cooling rate of more than 5°C/sec in a run-out table, and then coiled at a temperature of no greater than 350°C; the finishing temperature for hot rolling is in a range of Ar3 - 50°C to Ar3 + 120°C, the hot rolling is carried out so that the metallurgy parameter A satisfies inequalities (1) and (2) below, the subsequent average cooling rate in the run-out table is at least 5°C/sec, and the coiling is accomplished so that the relationship between the above-mentioned metallurgy parameter A and the coiling temperature (CT) satisfies inequality (3) below.
- The dual-phase type high-strength cold rolled steel sheet according to the invention having high impact energy absorption properties and excellent dynamic deformation properties according to (1) to (8) above, may be produced in that after a continuous cast slab is fed directly from casting to a hot rolling step, or is hot rolled upon reheating after momentary cooling, it is hot rolled, the hot-rolled and subsequently coiled steel sheet is cold-rolled after acid pickling, and during annealing in a continuous annealing step for preparation of the final product, it is heated to a temperature between Ac1 and Ac3 and subjected to the annealing while held in this temperature range for at least 10 seconds, and then cooled at a cooling rate of more than 5°C/sec; in the continuous annealing step, the cold rolled steel sheet is heated to a temperature (To) between Ac1 and Ac3 and subjected to the annealing while held in this temperature range for at least 10 seconds, and for subsequent cooling, it is cooled to a secondary cooling start temperature (Tq) in the range of 550°C-To at a primary cooling rate of 1∼10°C/sec and then cooled to a secondary cooling end temperature (Te) which is no higher than Tem determined by the chemical compositions and annealing temperature (To), at a secondary cooling rate of 10∼200°C/sec.
-
-
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the absorption energy (Eab) of a shaped member during collision and the material strength (S) of a steel sheet according to the invention. -
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a shaped member for measurement of impact absorption energy forFig. 1 . -
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the work hardening coefficient and dynamic energy absorption for a steel sheet. -
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the yield strength x work hardening coefficient and the dynamic energy absorption for a steel sheet. -
Fig. 5 is a general view of a "hat model" used in the impact crush test method relating toFigs. 3 and 4 . -
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the shape of the test piece ofFig. 5 . -
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the impact crush test method relating toFigs. 3-6 . -
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between TS and the difference between the average value σdyn of the deformation stress in the range of 3∼10% of equivalent strain when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (1/s) and TS, as an index of the impact energy absorption property upon collision, of a steel sheet according to the invention. -
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the change in the static/dynamic ratio with tempered rolling for an example of a steel sheet of the invention and a comparative example. -
Fig. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between ΔT and the metallurgy parameter A for a hot-rolling step of a steel sheet according to the invention. -
Fig. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the coiling temperature and the metallurgy parameter A for a hot-rolling step of a steel sheet according to the invention. -
Fig. 12 is a graph showing the annealing cycle for continuous annealing of a steel sheet according to the invention. - Impact absorbing members such as front side members of automobiles are produced by bending and press forming of steel sheets. Because impacts during automobile collisions are absorbed by such members which have undergone press forming, they must have high impact absorption properties even after having undergone the pre-deformation corresponding to the press forming. At the current time, however, no attempt has been made to obtain high-strength steel sheets with excellent impact absorption properties as actual members, with consideration of both the increase in the deformation stress by press forming and the increase in deformation stress due to a higher strain rate, as was mentioned above.
- As a result of much experimentation and research with the aim of achieving this purpose, the present inventors have found that steel sheets with a dual-phase (DP) structure are ideal as high-strength steel sheets with excellent impact absorption properties for actual members which are press formed as described above. It was demonstrated that such steel sheets with a dual-phase microstructure, which is a composite microstructure wherein the dominating phase is a ferrite phase responsible for the increase in deformation resistance by an increased strain rate, and the second phase includes a hard martensite phase, have excellent dynamic deformation properties. That is, it was found that high dynamic deformation properties are exhibited when the microstructure of the final steel sheets is a composite structure wherein the dominating phase is ferrite and another low temperature product phase includes a hard martensite phase at a volume fraction of 3∼50% after deformation at 5% equivalent strain of the steel sheet.
- Concerning the volume fraction of 3∼50% for the hard martensite phase, since high-strength steel sheets and even steel sheets with high dynamic deformation properties cannot be obtained if the martensite phase is less than 3%, the volume fraction of the martensite phase must be at least 3%. Also, if the martensite phase exceeds 50%, this results in a smaller volume fraction of the ferrite phase responsible for greater deformation resistance due to increased deformation speed, making it impossible to obtain steel sheets with excellent dynamic deformation properties compared to static deformation strength while also hindering press formability, and therefore it was found that the volume fraction of the martensite phase must be 3∼50%.
- The present inventors then pursued experimentation and research based on these findings and, as a result, found that although the degree of pre-deformation corresponding to press forming of impact absorbing members such as front side members sometimes reaches a maximum of over 20%, depending on the location, the majority are locations with 0%∼10% of equivalent strain, and that by understanding the effect of pre-deformation in this range, it is possible to estimate the behavior of the member as a whole after pre-deformation. Consequently, a deformation of from 0% to 10% of equivalent strain was selected as the amount of pre-deformation applied to members during press forming.
-
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the absorption energy (Eab) of a press formed member during collision and the material strength (S), for the different steel types shown in Table 5, according to an example to be described later. The material strength S is the tensile strength (TS) according to the common tensile test. The member absorption energy (Eab) is the absorption energy in the lengthwise direction (direction of the arrow) along a press formed member such as shown inFig. 2 , upon collision with a 400 kg mass weight at a speed of 15 m/sec, to a crushing degree of 100 mm. The shaped member inFig. 2 consists of a 2.0 mm-thick steel sheet formed into a hat-shaped section 1 with asteel sheet 2 of the same thickness and the same type of steel, joined together by spot welding, the hat-shaped section 1 having a corner radius of 2 mm, and with spot welding points indicated by 3. - From
Fig. 1 it is seen that the member absorption energy (Eab) tends to increase with the strength of materials under normal tensile testing, though with considerable variation. Here, the materials inFig. 1 were subjected to pre-deformation of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10% of equivalent strain, and then the static deformation strength σs when deformed in a strain rate r ange of 5 x 10-4 - 5 x 10-3 (s-1) and the dynamic deformation strength σd when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (s-1) after the pre-deformation, were measured. As a result, a classification was possible based on (σd - σs). The symbols plotted inFig. 1 were as follows: - o: (σd - σs) < 60 MPa with any pre-deformation of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10%;
- •: 60 MPa ≤ (σd - σs) with any pre-deformation in the above range, and 60 MPa ≤ (σd - σs) < 80 MPa with pre-deformation of 5%;
- ■: 60 MPa ≤ (σd - os) with any pre-deformation in the above range, and 80 MPa ≤ (σd - σs) < 100 MPa with pre-deformation of 5%;
- ▲: 60 MPa ≤ (σd - σs) with any pre-deformation in the above range, and 100 MPa ≤ (σd - σs) with pre-deformation of 5%.
- Also, when 60 MPa ≤ (σd - os) with any pre-deformation in the range of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10% of equivalent strain, the values for member absorption energy (Eab) during collision was equal to or greater than the values predicted from the material strength S, thus indicating steel sheets with excellent dynamic deformation properties as impact absorbing members for collision. These predicted values are those shown in the curve in
Fig. 1 , represented by Eab = 0.06250.8. Consequently, (σd - σs) must be at least 60 MPa. - For improved impact absorption properties, it is basically important to increase the work hardening coefficient, specifically to at least 0.13, and preferably at least 0.16; by controlling the yield strength and the work hardening coefficient to specified ranges it is possible to achieve excellent impact absorption properties, and for improved press formability it is effective to design the volume percentage and particle size of the martensite to within a specified range.
-
Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the work hardening coefficient of a steel sheet and the dynamic energy absorption which indicates the member impact absorption properties, for a class of materials with the same yield strength. Here it is shown that increased work hardening coefficients of the steel sheets result in improved member impact absorption properties (dynamic energy absorption), and that the work hardening coefficient of a steel sheet can properly indicate the member impact absorption properties so long as the yield strength class is the same. Also, when the yield strengths differ, as shown inFig. 4 , the yield strength x work hardening coefficient can be an indicator of the member impact absorption properties. While the work hardening coefficient was expressed in terms of an n value of 5%∼10% strain in consideration of the strain undergone by members during press forming, from the viewpoint of improving the dynamic energy absorption, work hardening coefficients of under 5% strain or work hardening coefficients of even more than 10% strain may be preferred. - The dynamic energy absorptions for members shown in
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 were determined in the following manner. Specifically, the steel sheet was shaped into the member shape shown inFig. 6 (corner R = 5 mm) and spot welded at 35 mm pitch using an electrode with a tip radius of 5.5 mm at a current of 0.9 times the expulsion current, and then after baking and painting treatment at 170°C x 20 minutes, an approximately 150 Kg falling weight was dropped from a height of about 10 m to crush the member in its lengthwise direction, and the displacement work where displacement = 0-150 mm is calculated from the area of the corresponding load displacement diagram to determine the dynamic energy absorption. A schematic illustration of this test method is shown inFig. 7 . InFig. 5 ,4 is a worktop, 5 is a test piece and 6 is a spot welding section. - In
Fig. 6 ,7 is a hat-shaped test piece and 8 is a spot welding section. InFig. 7 ,9 is a worktop, 10 is a test piece, 11 is a falling weight (150 kg), 12 is a frame, and 13 is a shock absorber. The work hardening coefficient and yield strength of each steel sheet was determined in the following manner. The steel sheet was shaped into a JIS-#5 test piece (gauge length: 50 mm, parallel width: 25 mm), subjected to tensile test at a strain rate of 0.001 (s-1) to determine the yield strength and work hardening coefficient (n value at 5%∼10% strain). The steel sheet used had a sheet thickness of 1.2 mm and the steel sheet composition contained C at 0.02~0.25 wt%, either or both Mn and Cr at a total of 0.15~3.5 wt% and one or more of Si, Al and P at a total of 0.02~4.0 wt%, with the remainder Fe as the main component. -
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the average value σdyn of the deformation stress in the range of 3~10% of equivalent strain when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (s-1) and the static material strength (TS), as an index of the impact energy absorption property upon collision according to the invention, where the static material strength (TS) is the tensile strength (TS: MPa) in the static tensile test as measured in a strain rate range of 5 x 10-4 - 5 x 10-3 (s-1). - As mentioned above, impact absorbing members such as front side members have a hat-shaped cross-sectional shape, and as a result of analysis of deformation of such members upon crushing by high-speed collision, the present inventors have found that despite deformation proceeding up to a high maximum strain of over 40%, at least 70% of the total absorption energy is absorbed in a strain range of 10% or lower in a high-speed stress-strain diagram. Therefore, the dynamic deformation resistance with high-speed deformation at 10% or lower was used as the index of the high-speed collision energy absorption property. In particular, since the amount of strain in the range of 3~10% is most important, the index used for the impact energy absorption property was the average stress: σdyn in the range of 3~10% of equivalent strain when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (s-1) high-speed tensile deformation.
- The average stress: σdyn of 3~10% upon high-speed deformation generally increases with increasing static tensile strength {maximum stress (TS: MPa) in a static tensile test measured in a stress rate range of 5 x 10-4 5 x 10-3 (s-1) of the steel material prior to pre-deformation or baking treatment. Consequently, increasing the static tensile strength (which is synonymous with the static material strength) of the steel material directly contributes to an improved impact energy absorption property of the member. However, increased strength of the steel results in poorer press formability into members, making it difficult to obtain members with the necessary shapes. Consequently, steels having a high σdyn with the same tensile strength TS are preferred. It was found that, based on this relationship, steel sheets wherein the average value σdyn (MPa) of the deformation stress in the range of 3~10% of equivalent strain when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (s-1), after pre-deformation of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10% of equivalent strain satisfies the inequality: σdyn ≥ 0.766 x TS + 250 as expressed in terms of the tensile strength (TS: MPa) in the static tensile test as measured in a strain rate range of 5 x 10-4 - 5 x 10-3 (s-1) prior to pre-deformation, have higher impact energy absorption properties as actual members compared to other steels, and that the impact energy absorption property is improved without increasing the overall weight of the member, making it possible to provide high-strength steel sheets with high dynamic deformation resistance.
- Also, although the details are still unclear, it has been discovered that steel sheets with excellent dynamic deformation properties can be obtained when, as shown in
Fig. 9 , YS(O)/TS'(S) is no greater than 0.7, which amount is dependent on the initial microstructure, the amount of solid solution elements in the low temperature product phase other than the martensite phase and the main ferrite phase, and the deposited state of carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides. Here, YS(0) is the yield strength, and TS'(5) is the tensile strength (TS') in the static tensile test with pre-deformation at 5% of equivalent strain or after further bake hardening treatment (BH treatment). It was also demonstrated that steel sheets with even more excellent dynamic deformation properties can be obtained when the yield strength: YS(0) x work hardening coefficient is at least 70. - Furthermore, it is known that dynamic deformation strength is usually expressed in the form of the power of the static tensile strength, and as the static tensile strength increases, the difference between the dynamic deformation strength and the static deformation strength decreases. However, a small difference between the dynamic deformation strength and the static deformation strength will mean that no greater improvement in the impact absorption properties can be expected. From this standpoint, it is preferred for the value of (σd - σs) to be in a range which satisfies the following inequality, (σd - σs) ≥ 4.1 x σs0.8 - σs.
- The microstructure of a steel sheet according to the invention will now be described in detail. As already mentioned, the martensite is at a volume fraction of 3~50%, and preferably 3~30%. The average grain size of the martensite is preferably no greater than 5 µm, and the average grain size of the ferrite is preferably no greater than 10 µm. That is, the martensite is hard, and contributes to a decrease in the yield ratio and an improvement in the work hardening coefficient, by producing a mobile dislocations primarily in adjacent ferrite grains; however, by satisfying the restrictions mentioned above it is possible to disperse fine martensite in the steel, so that the improvement in the properties spreads throughout the entire steel sheet. In addition, this dispersion of fine martensite in the steel can help to avoid deterioration in the hole expansion ratio and tensile strength x total elongation, which is an adverse effect of the hard martensite. Also, because it is possible to reliably achieve work hardening coefficient ≥ 0.130, tensile strength x total elongation ≥ 18,000 and hole expansion ratio ≥ 1.2, it is thereby-possible to improve the impact absorption properties and press formability.
- With a martensite volume fraction of less than 3%, the yield ratio becomes larger while the press formed member cannot exhibit an excellent work hardening property (work hardening coefficient ≥ 0.130) after it has undergone collision deformation, and since the deformation resistance (load) stays at a low level, and the dynamic energy absorption is low preventing improvement in the impact absorption properties. On the other hand, with a martensite volume fraction of greater than 50%, the yield ratio becomes larger while work hardening coefficient is reduced, and deterioration also occurs in the tensile strength x total elongation and the hole expansion ratio. From the standpoint of press formability, the volume fraction of the martensite is preferred to be no greater than 30%.
- Also, the ferrite is present at a volume fraction of preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 70%, and its average grain size (mean circle equivalent diameter) is preferably no greater than 10 µm, and more preferably no greater than 5 µm, with the martensite preferably adjacent to the ferrite. This aids the fine dispersion of the martensite in the ferrite matrix, while effectively extending the property-improving effect, beyond simply a local effect, to the entire steel sheet, favorably acting to prevent the adverse effects of the martensite. The structure of the remainder present with the martensite and ferrite may be a mixed structure comprising a combination of one or more from among pearlite, bainite, retained y, etc., and although primarily bainite is preferred in cases which require hole expansion properties, since retained γ undergoes work-induced transformation into martensite by press forming, experimental results have shown that including retained austenite prior to press forming has an effect, even in preferred small amounts (5% or less).
- Also, from the standpoint of impact absorption properties and press formability it is preferred for the ratio of the martensite and ferrite particle sizes to be no greater than 0.6, and the ratio of the hardnesses to be at least 1.5.
- The restrictions on the values for the chemical components of dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets with excellent dynamic deformation properties according to the invention, and the reasons for those restrictions, will now be explained.
- Dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets with excellent dynamic deformation properties which are used according to the invention are steel sheets containing the following chemical compositions, in terms of weight percentage: C at 0.02~0.25%, either or both Mn and Cr at a total of 0.15~3.5%, one or more from among Si, Al and P at a total of 0.02~4.0%, if necessary also one or more from among Ni, Cu and Mo at a total of no more than 3.5%, one or more from among Nb, Ti and V at no more than 0.30%, and either or both Ca and REM at 0.0005∼0.01% for Ca and 0.005∼0.05% for REM, with the remainder Fe as the primary component. They are also dual-phase type high strength steel sheets with excellent dynamic deformation properties which contain, if necessary, one or more from among B (≤0.01), S (≤0.01%) and N (≤0.02%). These chemical components and their contents (percent by weight) will now be discussed.
- C: C is the element which most strongly affects the microstructure of the steel sheet, and if its content is too low it will become difficult to obtain martensite with the desired amount and strength. Addition in too great an amount leads to unwanted carbide precipitation, inhibited increase in deformation resistance at higher strain rates and overly high strength, as well as poor press formability and weldability; the content is therefore 0.02∼0.25 wt%.
- Mn, Cr: Mn and Cr have an effect of stabilizing austenite and guaranteeing sufficient martensite, and are also solid solution hardening elements; they must therefore be added in a minimum amount of 0.15 wt%, but if added in too much the aforementioned effect becomes saturated thus producing adverse effects such as preventing ferrite transformation, and thus they are added in the maximum amount of 3.5 wt%.
- Si, Al, P: Si and Al are useful elements for producing martensite, and they promote production of ferrite and suppress precipitation of carbides, thus having the effect of guaranteeing sufficient martensite, as well as a solid solution hardening effect and a deoxidization effect. P can also promote martensite formation and solid solution hardening, similar to Al and Si. From this standpoint, the minimum amount of Si + Al + P added must be at least 0.02 wt%. On the other hand, excessive addition will saturate this effect and result instead in brittleness, and therefore the maximum amount of addition is no more than 4.0 wt%. In particular, when an excellent surface condition is required, Si scales can be avoided by adding Si at no greater than 0.1 wt%, and conversely by adding it at 1.0 wt% or greater Si scales can be produced over the entire surface so that they are not conspicuous. Also, when excellent secondary workability, toughness, spot weldability and recycling properties are required, the P content may be kept at no greater than 0.05%, and preferably no greater than 0.02%.
- Ni, Cu, Mo: These elements are added when necessary, and are austenite-stabilizing elements similar to Mn, which increase the hardenability of the steel, and are effective for adjustment of the strength. From the standpoint of weldability and chemical treatment, they can be used when the amounts of C, Si, Al and Mn are restricted, but if the total amount of these elements added exceeds 3.5 wt% the dominant ferrite phase will tend to be hardened, thus inhibiting the increase in deformation resistance by a greater strain rate, as well as raising the cost of the steel sheet; the amount of these elements added is therefore 3.50 wt% or lower.
- Nb, Ti, V: These elements are added when necessary, and are effective for strengthening the steel sheet through formation of carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides. However, when added at greater than 0.3 wt% they are deposited in large amounts in the dominant ferrite phase or at the grain boundaries as carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, becoming a source of the mobile dislocation during high speed deformation, and inhibiting the increase in deformation resistance by greater strain rates. In addition, the deformation resistance of the dominant phase becomes higher than necessary, thus wasting the C and leading to higher costs; the maximum amount to be added is therefore 0.3 wt%.
- B: B is an element which is effective for strengthening since it improves the hardenability of the steel by suppressing production of ferrite, but if it is added at greater than 0.01 wt% its effect will be saturated, and therefore B is added at a maximum of 0.01 wt%.
- Ca, REM: Ca is added to at least 0.0005 wt% for improved press formability (especially hole expansion ratio) by shape control (spheroidization) of sulfide-based inclusions, and the maximum amount thereof to be added is 0.01 wt% in consideration of effect saturation and the adverse effect due to increase in the aforementioned inclusions (reduced hole expansion ratio). For the same reasons, REM is added in an amount of from 0.005% to 0.05 wt%.
- S: The amount of S is no greater than 0.01 wt%, and preferably no greater than 0.003 wt%, from the standpoint of press formability (especially hole expansion ratio) by sulfide-based inclusions, and reduced spot weldability.
- The method of applying the pre-deformation will now be explained. The pre-deformation may be press forming for member shaping, or it may be working with a tempering rolling or tension leveler which applied to the steel sheet material prior to its press forming. In this case, either or both a tempering roller and tension leveler may be used. That is, the means used may include a tempering rolling, a tension leveler, or a tempering roller and tension leveler. The steel sheet material may also be subjected to press forming after being worked with a tempering rolling or tension leveler. The amount of pre-deformation applied with the tempering rolling and/or tension leveler, i.e. the degree of plastic deformation (T), will differ depending on the initial dislocation density, and T should be small if the initial density is large. Also, with few solid solution elements the introduced dislocations cannot be fixed, and high dynamic deformation properties cannot be guaranteed. Consequently, it was found that the plastic deformation (T) is determined based on the ratio between the yield strength YS(0) and the tensile strength TS'(5) in the static tensile test with pre-deformation at 5% of equivalent strain or after further bake hardening treatment (BH treatment), or YS(0)/TS'(5). That is, YS(0)/TS'(5) is an indicator of the sum of the initial dislocation density and the dislocation density introduced by 5% deformation, and the amount of the solid solution elements; it may be concluded that a smaller YS(0)/TS'(5) means a higher initial dislocation density and more of the solid solution elements. YS(0)/TS'(5) is therefore no greater than 0.7, and is preferably provided according to the following equation:
- A method of producing a dual-phase type high strength hot rolled steel sheet and a cold rolled steel sheet with excellent dynamic deformation properties according to the invention will now be explained. In this production method, a continuous cast slab is fed directly from casting to a hot rolling step, or is hot rolled upon reheating after momentary cooling. Thin gauge continuous casting and continuous hot rolling techniques (endless hot rolling) may be applied for the hot rolling in addition to normal continuous casting, but in order to avoid a lower ferrite volume fraction and a coarser average grain size of the thin steel sheet microstructure, the bar (cast strip) thickness at the hot rolling approach side (the initial steel bar thickness) is preferred to be at least 25 mm. At less than 25 mm, the mean circle equivalent size of ferrite of the steel sheet is made coarser, while it is also a disadvantage against obtaining the desired martensite. The final pass rolling speed for the hot rolling is preferred to be at least 500 mpm and more preferably at least 600 mpm, in light of the problems described above. At less than 500 mpm, the mean circle equivalent diameter of ferrite of the steel sheet is made coarser, while it is also a disadvantage against obtaining the desired martensite.
- The finishing temperature for the hot rolling is from Ar3 - 50°C to Ar3 + 120°C. At lower than Ar3 - 50°C, deformed ferrite is produced, with inferior work hardening property and press formability. At higher than Ar3 + 120°C, and the mean circle equivalent size of ferrite of the steel sheet is made coarser, while it is also becomes difficult to obtain the desired martensite.
- The average cooling rate for cooling in the run-out table is at least 5°C/sec. At less than 5°C/sec it becomes difficult to obtain the desired martensite.
- The coiling temperature is no higher than 350°C. At higher than 350°C it becomes difficult to obtain the desired martensite.
- It was found particularly that a correlation exists between the finishing temperature in the hot rolling step, the finishing approach temperature and the coiling temperature. That is, as shown in
Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 , specific conditions exist which are determined primarily between the finishing temperature, finishing approach temperature and the coiling temperature. Specifically, the hot rolling is carried out so that when the finishing temperature for hot rolling is in the range of Ar3 - 50°C to Ar3 + 120°C, the metallurgy parameter A satisfies inequalities (1) and (2). The above-mentioned metallurgy parameter A may be expressed by the following equation. - where FT: finishing temperature (°C)
- Ceq: carbon equivalents = C + Mneq/6 (%)
- Mneq: manganese equivalents = Mn + (Ni + Cr + Cu + Mo)/2 (%)
- ε*: final pass strain rate (s-1)
- ε* = (v/√Rxh1) x (1/√r) x 1n {1/(1-r)}
- h1: final pass approach sheet thickness
- h2: final pass exit sheet thickness
- r : (h1 - h2)/h1
- R : roll radius
- v : final pass exit speed
- ΔT: finishing temperature (finishing final pass exit temperature) - finishing approach temperature (finishing first pass approach temperature)
- Ar3: 901 - 325 C% + 33 Si% - 92 Mneq
-
- In inequality (1) above, a log A of less than 9 is unacceptable from the viewpoint of production of retained martensite and refinement of the microstructure, while it will also result in an inferior dynamic deformation resistance σdyn and 5∼10% work hardening property. Also, if log A is to be greater than 18, massive equipment will be required to achieve it. With inequality (2), if the condition of inequality (2) is not satisfied it will be impossible to obtain the desired martensite, and the dynamic deformation resistance σdyn and 5∼10% work hardening property, etc. will be inferior. The lower limit for ΔT is more flexible with a lower log A as indicated by inequality (2). Furthermore, if the relationship with the coiling temperature in inequality (3) is not satisfied, there will be an adverse effect on ensuring the amount of martensite, while the retained γ will be excessively stable even if retained γ can be obtained, it will be impossible to obtain the desired martensite during deformation, and the dynamic deformation resistance σdyn and 5∼10% work hardening property, etc. will be inferior. The limit for the coiling temperature is more flexible with a higher log A.
- The cold rolled sheet according to the invention is then subjected to the different steps following hot-rolling and coiling and is cold rolled and subjected to annealing. The annealing is ideally continuous annealing through an annealing cycle such as shown in
Fig. 12 , and during the annealing of the continuous annealing step, it must be kept for at least 10 seconds in the temperature range of AC1 - AC3. At less than AC1 austenite will not be produced and it will therefore be impossible to obtain martensite thereafter, while at greater than AC3 the austenite monophase structure will be coarse, and it will therefore be impossible to obtain the desired average grain size for the martensite. Also, at less than 10 seconds the austenite production will be insufficient, making it impossible to obtain the desired martensite thereafter. The maximum residence time is preferably no greater than 200 seconds, from the standpoint of avoiding addition to the equipment and coarsening of the microstructure. The cooling after this annealing must be at an average cooling rate of at least 5°C/sec. At less than 5°C/sec the desired space factor for the martensite cannot be achieved. Although there is no particular upper limit here, it is preferably 300°C/sec when considering temperature control during the cooling. - The cooled steel sheet is heated to a temperature To from AC1 - AC3 in the continuous annealing cycle shown in
Fig. 12 , and cooled under cooling conditions provided by a method wherein cooling to a secondary cooling start temperature Tq in the range of 550°C-To at the primary cooling rate of 1∼10°C/sec is followed by cooling to a secondary cooling end temperature Te which is no higher than a temperature Tem which is determined by the chemical compositions of the steel and annealing temperature To, at a secondary cooling rate of 10∼200°C/sec. This is a method whereby the cooling end temperature Te in the continuous annealing cycle shown inFig. 12 is represented as a function of the chemical compositions and annealing temperature, and is kept under a given critical value. After cooling to Te, the temperature is preferably held in a range of Te - 50°C to 400°C for up to 20 minutes prior to cooling to room temperature. - Here, Tem is the martensite transformation start temperature for the retained austenite at the quenching start point Tq. That is, Tem is defined by Tem = T1 - T2, or the difference between the value excluding the effect of the C concentration in the austenite (T1) and the value indicating the effect of the C concentration (T2). Here, T1 is the temperature calculated from the solid solution element concentration excluding C, and T2 is the temperature calculated from the C concentration in the retained austenite at AC1 and AC3 determined by the chemical compositions of the steel and Tq determined by the annealing temperature To. Ceq* represents the carbon equivalents in the retained austenite at the annealing temperature To. Thus, T1 is expressed as:
and when it is 0.6 or less, T2 = 474 x (Ac3 - Ac1) x C/{3 x (Ac3 - Ac1) x C + [(Mn + Si/4 + Ni/7 + Cr + Cu + 1.5 Mo)/2 - 0.85)] x (To - Ac1). - In other words, when Te is equal to or greater than Tem, the desired martensite cannot be obtained. Also, if Toa is 400°C or higher, the martensite obtained by cooling is tempered, making it impossible to achieve satisfactory dynamic properties and press formability. On the other hand, if Toa is less than Te - 50°C, additional cooling equipment is necessary, and greater variation will result in the material due to the difference between the temperature of the continuous annealing furnace and the temperature of the steel sheet; this temperature was therefore determined as the lower limit. Also, the upper limit for the holding time was determined to be 20 minutes, because when it is longer than 20 minutes it becomes necessary to expand the equipment.
- By employing the chemical composition and production method described above, it is possible to produce a dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet with excellent dynamic deformation properties, wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet is a composite microstructure wherein the dominating phase is ferrite, and the second phase is another low temperature product phase containing martensite at a volume fraction from 3%∼50% after shaping and working at 5% equivalent strain, and wherein the difference between the quasi-static deformation strength σs when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 10-4 - 5 x 10-3 (1/s) after pre-deformation of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10% of equivalent strain, and the dynamic deformation strength σd measured in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (1/s) after the aforementioned pre-deformation, i.e. (σd - σs), is at least 60 MPa, and the work hardening coefficient at 5∼10% strain is at least 0.13. The steel sheets according to the invention may be made into any desired product by annealing, tempering rolling, electronic coating or hot-dip coating.
- The present invention will now be explained by way of examples.
- The 26 steel materials listed in Table 1 (steel nos. 1-26) were heated to 1050∼1250°C and subjected to hot rolling, cooling and coiling under the production conditions listed in Table 2, to produce hot rolled steel sheets. As shown in Table 3, the steel sheets according to the invention satisfying the chemical composition conditions and production conditions have a dual-phase structure with a martensite volume fraction of at least 3% and no greater than 50%, and as shown in
Fig. 4 , the mechanical properties of the hot rolled steel sheets indicated excellent impact absorption properties as represented by a work hardening coefficient of at least 0.13 at 5∼10% strain, σd - σs ≥ 60 MPa, and σdyn ≥ 0.766 x TS + 250, while also having suitable press formability and weldability.Table 2 Production conditions Steel No. Hot rolling conditions Cooling conditions Coiling conditions Finishing temp. °C Initial steel strip thickness (mm) Final pass rolling speed (mpm) Final sheet thickness (mm) Strain rate (/sec) log A calculated ΔT °C Inequality (2) Aver. cooling rate (°C/sec) Note Coiling temp. °C Inequality (3) 1 880 50 1000 1.2 300 14.4 140 o 120 #1 100 o 2 780 26 500 2.9 90 15.0 150 o 30 #1 300 o 3 830 30 600 2.9 140 14.8 160 o 60 200 o 4 820 28 700 1.4 190 14.6 155 o 70 310 o 5 840 35 500 2.3 95 14.3 120 o 50 150 o 6 845 40 600 2.3 145 14.1 140 o 60 150 o 7 830 35 650 2.3 150 14.9 150 o 50 150 o 8 825 38 750 1.6 190 14.9 60 o 60 150 o 9 850 36 600 1.8 150 14.6 170 o 40 150 o 10 840 40 600 1.8 150 15.0 130 o 50 150 o 11 800 26 550 1.8 145 14.0 110 o 40 200 o 12 845 32 600 1.8 150 14.5 135 o 50 100 o 13 930 20 500 1.8 135 13.3 100 o 15 500 x 14 700 26 300 1.8 100 16.1 125 o 15 320 o 15 850 30 600 1.8 150 15.4 150 o 4 310 o 16 840 28 500 1.4 150 13.7 80 o 30 150 o 17 830 28 500 1.4 145 14.9 100 o 30 150 o 18 860 30 700 1.4 190 13.4 50 o 35 100 o 19 840 30 700 1.4 180 15.0 180 o 30 200 o 20 830 30 700 1.4 190 14.9 130 o 30 200 o 21 840 30 700 1.4 190 14.1 140 o 30 200 o 22 780 30 700 1.4 190 14.6 90 o 25 200 o 23 800 30 700 1.4 190 15.6 110 o 25 200 o 24 810 30 700 1.4 190 15.0 120 o 25 200 o 25 820 30 700 1.4 190 14.2 40 o 25 200 o 26 880 30 700 1.4 190 13.2 220 x 15 320 o Underlined data indicate values outside ot the range of the invention. *1: 750°C-700°C at 15°C/sec. Table 3 Microstructure of steels Steel No. Dominant phase Ferrite Martensite Phase Circle equivalent diameter (µm) Volume fraction (%) Circle equivalent diameter (µm) Volume fraction after 5% working (%) 1 ferrite 5.5 80 2.5 15 2 ferrite 4.0 90 1.8 8 3 ferrite 5.0 85 2.2 10 4 ferrite 4.0 80 1.8 4 5 ferrite 4.5 80 2.0 20 6 ferrite 5.0 85 2.2 15 7 ferrite 4.5 90 2 10 8 ferrite 4.5 90 2 10 9 ferrite 5.0 90 2.2 10 10 ferrite 5.0 90 2.2 10 11 ferrite 4.0 80 1.7 20 12 ferrite 5.0 90 2.2 10 13 ferrite 11.0 50 - 0 14 ferrite Worked structure 90 - 0 15 ferrite 10.0 95 - 0 16 ferrite 4.4 90 1.9 10 17 ferrite 4.5 91 2 9 18 ferrite 3.4 78 1.4 22 19 ferrite 4.4 91 1.9 9 20 ferrite 4.3 88 1.8 12 21 ferrite 4.5 85 2 13 22 ferrite 4.4 84 1.9 11 23 ferrite 4.4 85 1.9 8 24 ferrite 4.4 85 1.8 12 25 ferrite 2.4 80 1 10 26 bainite 10.5 30 - 0 Underlined data indicate values outside of the range of the invention. - The 22 steel materials listed in Table 5 (steel nos. 27-48) were heated to 1050∼1250°C and subjected to hot rolling, cooling and coiling, followed by acid pickling and then cold rolling under the conditions listed in Table 6 to produce cold rolled steel sheets. Temperatures Ac1 and Ac3 were then calculated from the chemical compositions for each steel, and the sheets were subjected to heating, cooling and holding under the annealing conditions listed in Table 6, prior to cooling to room temperature. As shown in Table 7, the steel sheets according to the invention satisfying the chemical composition conditions and production conditions have a dual-phase structure with a martensite volume fraction of at least 3% and no greater than 50% and, as shown in
Fig. 8 , the mechanical properties of the hot-rolled steel sheets indicated excellent impact absorption properties as represented by a work hardening coefficient of at least 0.13 at 5∼10% strain, σd - σs ≥ 60 MPa, and σdyn ≥ 0.766 x TS + 250, while also having suitable press formability and weldability.Table 6 Production conditions Steel No. Cold rolling conditions Annealing conditions Rolling reduction Sheet thickness Annealing temperature Anneal- ing time Primary cooling Rapid cooling start Secondary cooling Rapid cooling end Calculated T1 Calculated Ceq* Calculated T2 Calculated Tem Holding temperature Holding time z mm To °C sec °C/sec Tq °C °C/sec Te °C °C °C °C Toa °C sec 27 80 0.8 780 90 5 680 100 350 558 0.12 -62 619 350 180 28 80 0.8 780 90 5 680 100 230 521 0.39 224 297 230 270 29 80 0.8 780 90 5 680 100 320 521 0.39 224 297 320 270 30 80 0.8 780 90 5 500 100 230 521 0.39 224 297 230 270 31 80 0.8 780 90 5 700 100 270 521 0.47 182 339 270 300 32 80 0.8 780 90 5 680 80 270 521 0.49 190 331 270 250 33 80 0.8 750 120 8 680 100 200 538 0.46 297 241 200 300 34 80 0.8 750 120 8 680 100 270 492 0.52 114 378 270 300 35 80 0.8 800 90 5 680 100 270 528 0.41 259 269 270 300 36 80 0.8 750 90 5 650 130 200 528 0.54 217 311 250 300 37 80 0.8 750 90 5 650 130 250 513 0.53 192 321 240 300 38 80 0.8 800 90 5 650 100 270 512 0.48 83 428 270 300 39 80 0.8 780 90 5 650 100 250 526 0.42 216 310 250 300 40 80 0.8 780 90 5 680 100 270 495 0.65 90 405 270 300 41 80 0.8 780 90 8 680 100 250 512 0.58 154 358 250 300 42 68 1.2 780 90 8 680 100 250 512 0.58 154 358 270 300 43 68 1.2 780 90 5 630 150 250 512 0.58 154 358 250 300 44 68 1.2 780 90 5 680 100 250 512 0.55 153 359 250 300 45 80 0.8 750 90 5 680 100 250 512 0.47 186 326 250 300 46 80 0.8 780 90 5 680 100 200 521 0.77 252 269 200 300 Rolling reduction Sheet thickness Annealing temperature Anneal- ing time Primary cooling Rapid cooling start Secondary cooling Rapid cooling end Calculated T1 Calculated Ceq* Calculated T2 Calcul-ated Tem Holding temperature Holding time z mm To °C sec °C/sec Tq °C °C/sec Te °C °C °C °C Toa °C sec 47 80 0.8 770 90 5 680 100 270 446 0.94 74 371 270 300 48 80 0.8 850 90 5 680 100 250 512 0.79 188 323 250 300 Underlined data indicate values outside of the range of the invention. Table 7 Microstructure of steels Steel No. Dominant phase Ferrite Martensite Phase Circle equivalent diameter (µm) Volume fraction (%) Circle equivalent diameter (µm) Volume fraction after 5% working (%) 27 ferrite 9.8 100 -- 0 28 ferrite 6.4 86 3.2 12 29 ferrite 6.4 95 -- 1 30 ferrite 6.4 94 -- 0 31 ferrite 5.3 89 3.1 11 32 ferrite 4.8 82 2.8 15 33 ferrite 5.1 84 2.9 12 34 ferrite 4.8 75 2.2 18 35 ferrite 5.1 90 2.3 10 36 ferrite 5.5 90 2.8 8 37 ferrite 6.2 89 3.1 11 38 ferrite 5.8 81 3.0 16 39 ferrite 5.6 78 3.2 18 40 ferrite 5.6 87 3.2 13 41 ferrite 4.2 80 1.7 16 42 ferrite 4.5 78 2.1 18 43 ferrite 4.3 79 2.2 19 44 ferrite 5.0 79 2.3 13 45 ferrite 4.9 81 2.1 1 46 ferrite 4.1 42 2.4 35 47 ferrite 4.6 51 2.6 25 48 ferrite 5.6 88 2.6 12 Underlined data indicate values outside ot the range of the invention. - The microstructure was evaluated by the following method.
- Identification of the ferrite, bainite, martensite and residual structure, observation of the location and measure- ment of the average grain size (mean circle equivalent.diameter) was accomplished using a 1000 magnification optical micrograph with the thin steel sheet rolling direction cross-section etched with a nital and the reagent disclosed in
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 59-219473 - The properties were evaluated by the following methods.
- A tensile test was conducted according to JIS5 (gauge mark distance: 50 mm, parallel part width: 25 mm) with a strain rate of 0.001/s and, upon determining the tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS), total elongation (T. El) and work hardening coefficient (n value for 1%∼5% strain), the YS x work hardening coefficient and TS × T. El. were calculated.
- The stretch flanging property was measured by expanding a 20 mm punched hole from the burrless side with a 30° cone punch, and determining the hole expansion ratio (d/d0) between the hole diameter (d) at the moment at which the crack penetrated the plate thickness and the original hollow diameter (d0, 20 mm).
- The spot weldability was judged to be unsuitable if a spot welding test piece bonded at a current of 0.9 times the expulsion current using an electrode with a tip radius of 5 times the square root of the steel sheet thickness underwent peel fracture when ruptured with a chisel.
- As explained above, the present invention makes it possible to provide, in an economical and stable manner, high-strength hot rolled steel sheets and cold rolled steel sheets for automobiles which provide previously unobtainable excellent impact absorption properties and press formability and thus offers a markedly wider range of objects and conditions for uses of high-strength steel sheets.
Claims (4)
- A dual-phase type high-strength hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties, characterized in that the dual-phase type high-strength steel sheet contains, in terms of weight percentage, C at 0.02-0.25%, either or both Mn and Cr at a total of 0.15-3.5%, one or more from Si, Al and P at a total of 0.02-4.0%, optionally one or more from Ni, Cu and Mo at a total of no more than 3.5%, one or more from Nb, Ti and V at no more than 0.30%, and either or both Ca and REM at 0.0005-0.01% for Ca and 0.005-0.05% for REM, further optionally one or more selected from B of no more than 0.01, S of no more than 0.01% and N of no more than 0.02% with the remainder Fe and unavoidable impurities and the microstructure of the steel sheet is a composite microstructure wherein the dominating phase is ferrite, and the second phase is another low temperature product phase containing martensite at a volume fraction between 3% and 50% after deformation at 5% equivalent strain of the steel sheet, wherein the difference between the quasi-static deformation strength σs when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 10-4 - 5 x 10-3 (s-1) after pre-deformation of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10% of equivalent strain, and the dynamic deformation strength σd when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (s-1) after said pre-deformation, i.e. (σd - σs), is at least 60 MPa, and the work hardening coefficient at 5-10% strain is at least 0.13, and the average grain size of martensite is 5 µm or less, and the average grain size of ferrite is 10 µm or less, and the ratio between the yield strength YS(0) and the tensile strength TS' (5) in the static tensile test after pre-deformation at 5% of equivalent strain or after further bake hardening treatment (BH treatment) satisfies the inequality:YS(0)/TS' (5) ≤ 0.7, and tensile strength and total elongation satisfy the inequality: tensile strength (MPa) x total elongation (%) ≥ 18, 000.
- A dual-phase type high-strength hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties according to claim 1, wherein the average value σdyn (MPa) of the deformation stress in the range of 3-10% of equivalent strain when deformed in a strain rate range of 5 x 102 - 5 x 103 (s-1), after pre-deformation of more than 0% and less than or equal to 10% of equivalent strain, satisfies the inequality: σdyn ≥ 0.766 x TS + 250 as expressed in terms of the tensile strength TS (MPa) in the quasi-static tensile test as measured in a strain rate range of 5 x 10-4 - 5 x 10-3 (s-1) prior to pre-deformation, and the work hardening coefficient at 5-10% strain is at least 0.13.
- A dual-phase type high-strength hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel sheet having high impact energy absorption properties according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by satisfying the inequality: yield strength YS (0) x work hardening coefficient ≥ 70.
- A dual-phase type high-strength hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel sheet with excellent dynamic deformation properties according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized by satisfying the inequality: hole expansion ratio (d/d0) ≥1.2.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8243497 | 1997-03-17 | ||
JP19029997 | 1997-07-15 | ||
JP19029797A JP3530347B2 (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1997-07-15 | How to select a high-strength steel sheet with excellent dynamic deformation characteristics |
JP22300897A JP3936440B2 (en) | 1997-08-06 | 1997-08-06 | High-strength steel sheet for automobiles with excellent collision safety and formability and its manufacturing method |
JP25893897A JP3839928B2 (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1997-09-24 | Dual phase type high strength steel plate with excellent dynamic deformation characteristics |
EP98907247.5A EP0969112B2 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-03-16 | A method of producing dual-phase high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties |
Related Parent Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98907247.5A Division EP0969112B2 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-03-16 | A method of producing dual-phase high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties |
EP98907247.5A Division-Into EP0969112B2 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-03-16 | A method of producing dual-phase high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties |
EP98907247.5 Division | 1998-09-24 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2314729A1 EP2314729A1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
EP2314729B1 EP2314729B1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
EP2314729B2 true EP2314729B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
Family
ID=27524972
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98907247.5A Expired - Lifetime EP0969112B2 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-03-16 | A method of producing dual-phase high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties |
EP10181225.3A Expired - Lifetime EP2314729B2 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-03-16 | Dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98907247.5A Expired - Lifetime EP0969112B2 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-03-16 | A method of producing dual-phase high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0969112B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100334949B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1080321C (en) |
AU (1) | AU717294B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2283924C (en) |
TW (1) | TW426742B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998041664A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (55)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3039862B1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-08 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Hot-rolled steel sheet for processing with ultra-fine grains |
JP4369545B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2009-11-25 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Ferritic sheet steel with excellent strain rate dependency and automobile using the same |
CA2323952A1 (en) | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-03 | Yasutaka Okada | Machine structural steel product |
CA2297291C (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2008-08-05 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | High tensile strength hot-rolled steel sheet and method of producing the same |
DE19936151A1 (en) * | 1999-07-31 | 2001-02-08 | Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag | High-strength steel strip or sheet and process for its manufacture |
EP1443124B1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2008-04-02 | JFE Steel Corporation | Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and method for producing the same |
US20030041932A1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2003-03-06 | Akio Tosaka | High tensile hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent strain aging hardening properties and method for producing the same |
EP1195447B1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2006-01-04 | JFE Steel Corporation | Hot rolled steel plate, cold rolled steel plate and hot dip galvanized steel plate being excellent in strain aging hardening characteristics, and method for their production |
KR100441414B1 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2004-07-23 | 신닛뽄세이테쯔 카부시키카이샤 | High fatigue strength steel sheet excellent in burring workability and method for producing the same |
US7591917B2 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2009-09-22 | Nucor Corporation | Method of producing steel strip |
AU776043B2 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2004-08-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Composite structure type high tensile strength steel plate, plated plate of composite structure type high tensile strength steel and method for their production |
JP3927384B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2007-06-06 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Thin steel sheet for automobiles with excellent notch fatigue strength and method for producing the same |
FR2833617B1 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2004-08-20 | Usinor | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING VERY HIGH STRENGTH COLD ROLLED SHEET OF MICRO-ALLOY DUAL STEEL |
FR2834722B1 (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2004-12-24 | Usinor | MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A COPPER-RICH CARBON STEEL STEEL PRODUCT, AND THUS OBTAINED STEEL PRODUCT |
DE50205631D1 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2006-04-06 | Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag | Ferritic / martensitic steel with high strength and very fine structure |
JP4180909B2 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2008-11-12 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | High-strength hot-rolled steel sheet excellent in hole expansibility, ductility and chemical conversion treatment, and method for producing the same |
WO2004059024A1 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High strength thin steel sheet excellent in hole expansibility, ductility and chemical treatment characteristics, and method for production thereof |
FR2850671B1 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2006-05-19 | Usinor | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A DUAL-PHASE STEEL BAND HAVING A COLD-ROLLED FERRITO-MARTENSITIC STRUCTURE AND A BAND OBTAINED THEREFROM |
FR2855184B1 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2006-05-19 | Usinor | COLD LAMINATED, ALUMINATED, HIGH STRENGTH, DUAL PHASE STEEL FOR TELEVISION ANTI-IMPLOSION BELT, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
DE10327383C5 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2013-10-17 | Aceria Compacta De Bizkaia S.A. | Plant for the production of hot strip with dual phase structure |
US7442268B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2008-10-28 | Nucor Corporation | Method of manufacturing cold rolled dual-phase steel sheet |
US8337643B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2012-12-25 | Nucor Corporation | Hot rolled dual phase steel sheet |
US7959747B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2011-06-14 | Nucor Corporation | Method of making cold rolled dual phase steel sheet |
US7608155B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2009-10-27 | Nucor Corporation | High strength, hot dip coated, dual phase, steel sheet and method of manufacturing same |
US11155902B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2021-10-26 | Nucor Corporation | High strength, hot dip coated, dual phase, steel sheet and method of manufacturing same |
US20080178972A1 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-07-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd) | High strength steel sheet and method for producing the same |
DE502006003833D1 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2009-07-09 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Ag | Method for producing steel flat products from a silicon-alloyed multiphase steel |
JP5165236B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2013-03-21 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Stainless steel plate for structural members with excellent shock absorption characteristics |
EP2209926B1 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2019-08-07 | Nucor Corporation | Complex metallographic structured steel and method of manufacturing same |
CN102015155B (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2013-11-27 | 纽科尔公司 | Strip casting apparatus with casting roll positioning |
US20090236068A1 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2009-09-24 | Nucor Corporation | Strip casting apparatus for rapid set and change of casting rolls |
US8882938B2 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2014-11-11 | Tata Steel Ijmuiden B.V. | High strength hot dip galvanised steel strip |
PT2553132E (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2015-09-10 | Arcelormittal Investigación Y Desarrollo Sl | Steel product with improved weathering characteristics in saline environment |
EP2374910A1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-12 | ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG | Steel, flat, steel product, steel component and method for producing a steel component |
WO2012064129A2 (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2012-05-18 | (주)포스코 | Method for manufacturing high-strength cold-rolled/hot-rolled trip steel having a tensile strength of 590 mpa grade, superior workability, and low mechanical-property deviation |
JP5856002B2 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2016-02-09 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Collision energy absorbing member for automobiles excellent in impact energy absorbing ability and method for manufacturing the same |
JP5370620B1 (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-12-18 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Thin steel plate and manufacturing method thereof |
DE102012013113A1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-24 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | High strength multiphase steel and method of making a strip of this steel having a minimum tensile strength of 580 MPa |
TWI465586B (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2014-12-21 | China Steel Corp | Method for manufacturing low yield ratio steel material |
CN104018067B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-04-20 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of high-strength plasticity vanadium micro-alloying dual phase steel seamless pipe and preparation method thereof |
CN106460109B (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2019-01-29 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Hot rolled steel plate and its manufacturing method |
CN104281774B (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2017-06-13 | 上海交通大学 | Forecasting Methodology of the Q&P steel in different strain rate Dan Lahou residual austenite contents |
CN106715742B (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2019-07-23 | 日本制铁株式会社 | Hot rolled steel plate |
RU2578618C1 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-03-27 | Публичное акционерное общество "Северсталь" (ПАО "Северсталь") | Manufacturing method of strips of low-alloyed weld steel |
JP6778943B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2020-11-04 | ニューコア・コーポレーション | Hot-rolled lightweight martensite steel sheet and its manufacturing method |
DE102015106780A1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Method for producing a hot or cold strip from a steel with increased copper content |
CN105483530A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-13 | 丹阳市宸兴环保设备有限公司 | Hot-rolled wide steel plate material for petroleum and natural gas conveying pipe |
CN105568145B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-07-18 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of strong dual phase sheet steel of automobile cold-rolled superelevation with decay resistance and preparation method thereof |
RU2617075C1 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2017-04-19 | Иван Анатольевич Симбухов | Method of manufacture of economy-deposited high-strength rolling for pipes of high-pressure gas pipelines, and also for mechanical engineering and offshore shipbuilding |
RU2638479C1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-12-13 | Публичное акционерное общество "Северсталь" | HOT-ROLLED SHEET OF LOW-ALLOY STEEL WITH THICKNESS FROM 15 TO 165 mm AND METHOD OF ITS PRODUCTION |
RU2704049C1 (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2019-10-23 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственное предприятие "БУРИНТЕХ" (ООО НПП "БУРИНТЕХ") | Bit steel |
CN111363901B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2022-06-24 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Ferrite-martensite hot-rolled dual-phase steel with high surface quality and manufacturing method thereof |
JP7235621B2 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2023-03-08 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Steel plate for low-strength hot stamping, hot stamped parts, and method for manufacturing hot stamped parts |
CN110669913B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-05-28 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Hot-rolled and acid-washed dual-phase steel for high-strength automobile wheels and production method thereof |
CN113106345B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-06-10 | 宝武集团鄂城钢铁有限公司 | High-plasticity dual-phase steel and production method thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2043103A (en) † | 1978-11-02 | 1980-10-01 | Ford Motor Co | Heat treating steel |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59219473A (en) | 1983-05-26 | 1984-12-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | Color etching solution and etching method |
US5123969A (en) † | 1991-02-01 | 1992-06-23 | China Steel Corp. Ltd. | Bake-hardening cold-rolled steel sheet having dual-phase structure and process for manufacturing it |
JP3169293B2 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 2001-05-21 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Automotive thin steel sheet excellent in impact resistance and method for producing the same |
JP3458416B2 (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 2003-10-20 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Cold rolled thin steel sheet excellent in impact resistance and method for producing the same |
JP3370436B2 (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 2003-01-27 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Automotive steel sheet excellent in impact resistance and method of manufacturing the same |
US5585184A (en) | 1994-09-29 | 1996-12-17 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Colorable non-sticky resin core-shell particles |
JP3533719B2 (en) | 1994-09-29 | 2004-05-31 | 村田機械株式会社 | Facsimile machine |
JP3039842B2 (en) * | 1994-12-26 | 2000-05-08 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheets for automobiles having excellent impact resistance and methods for producing them |
JPH08176732A (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-07-09 | Nkk Corp | Steel for nitriding having excellent machinability |
JP3529178B2 (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 2004-05-24 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Ultra-low carbon steel sheet with excellent shock absorption capacity |
JP3090421B2 (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 2000-09-18 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Hot-rolled high-strength steel sheet for processing with excellent durability fatigue resistance |
-
1998
- 1998-03-16 CN CN98803465A patent/CN1080321C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-16 EP EP98907247.5A patent/EP0969112B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-16 CA CA002283924A patent/CA2283924C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-16 KR KR1019997008474A patent/KR100334949B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-16 WO PCT/JP1998/001101 patent/WO1998041664A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-03-16 TW TW087103834A patent/TW426742B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-16 AU AU63118/98A patent/AU717294B2/en not_active Expired
- 1998-03-16 EP EP10181225.3A patent/EP2314729B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2043103A (en) † | 1978-11-02 | 1980-10-01 | Ford Motor Co | Heat treating steel |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
R. A. KOT ET AL.: "Fundamentals of Dual-Phase Steels", 1981, THE METALLURGICAL SOCIETY OF AIME, CHICAGO, pages: 265 - 277 † |
R. G. DAVIES ET AL.: "Physical Metallurgy of Automotive High-Strength Steels", JOURNAL OF METALS, November 1979 (1979-11-01), pages 17 - 23 † |
R. G. DAVIES: "Influence of Martensite Composition and Content on the Properties of Dual Phase Steels", METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS, vol. 9A, May 1978 (1978-05-01), pages 671 - 679 † |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU717294B2 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
AU6311898A (en) | 1998-10-12 |
CA2283924A1 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
EP0969112A1 (en) | 2000-01-05 |
TW426742B (en) | 2001-03-21 |
CA2283924C (en) | 2006-11-28 |
EP2314729A1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
CN1080321C (en) | 2002-03-06 |
CN1251140A (en) | 2000-04-19 |
EP0969112B1 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
EP0969112B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
WO1998041664A1 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
KR100334949B1 (en) | 2002-05-04 |
EP2314729B1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
KR20000076372A (en) | 2000-12-26 |
EP0969112A4 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2314729B2 (en) | Dual-phase type high-strength steel sheets having high impact energy absorption properties | |
EP0974677B1 (en) | A method for producing high strength steels having excellent formability and high impact energy absorption properties | |
EP2314730B1 (en) | High-strength steels having high impact energy absorption properties. | |
US6364968B1 (en) | High-strength hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent stretch flangeability, and method of producing the same | |
EP2824196B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing press-formed product and press-formed product | |
JP3793350B2 (en) | Dual-phase high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet with excellent dynamic deformation characteristics and manufacturing method thereof | |
EP2837707A1 (en) | Steel sheet suitable as impact absorbing member, and method for manufacturing same | |
JP3619357B2 (en) | High strength steel sheet having high dynamic deformation resistance and manufacturing method thereof | |
US6319338B1 (en) | High-strength steel plate having high dynamic deformation resistance and method of manufacturing the same | |
JP3492176B2 (en) | Good workability high-strength steel sheet having high dynamic deformation resistance and method for producing the same | |
EP3612650B1 (en) | High strength steel sheet having excellent ductility and stretch flangeability | |
JPH1161326A (en) | High strength automobile steel plate superior in collision safety and formability, and its manufacture | |
JP3936440B2 (en) | High-strength steel sheet for automobiles with excellent collision safety and formability and its manufacturing method | |
JPH10259448A (en) | High strength steel sheet excellent in static absorbed energy and impact resistance and its production | |
EP4137601A1 (en) | Steel sheet, member, and methods for producing these | |
CN114026014A (en) | Impact absorbing member, method for producing impact absorbing member, and method for producing steel plate for cold plastic working | |
EP3730651A1 (en) | High yield ratio-type high-strength steel sheet and method for manufacturing same | |
JP2000290745A (en) | High strength steel sheet for working, excellent in fatigue characteristic and safety against collision, and its manufacture | |
KR102440772B1 (en) | High strength steel sheet having excellent workability and manufacturing method for the same | |
EP4137593A1 (en) | Steel sheet, member, method for producing said steel sheet, and method for producing said member | |
JP4016573B2 (en) | High-tensile steel plate excellent in ductility and impact resistance and method for producing the same, and method for producing structural member having impact resistance | |
JPH10317096A (en) | High strength steel sheet for automobile use, excellent in collision-proof stability, and its production | |
CN116194609A (en) | High-strength steel sheet excellent in hole expansibility and method for producing same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20101020 |
|
AC | Divisional application: reference to earlier application |
Ref document number: 0969112 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: P |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: C22C 38/00 20060101AFI20110629BHEP Ipc: C21D 9/46 20060101ALI20110629BHEP Ipc: C22C 38/50 20060101ALI20110629BHEP Ipc: C21D 8/02 20060101ALI20110629BHEP |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: DUAL-PHASE TYPE HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL SHEETS HAVING HIGH IMPACT ENERGY ABSORPTION PROPERTIES |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AC | Divisional application: reference to earlier application |
Ref document number: 0969112 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: P |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: UENISHI, AKIHIRO Inventor name: KURIYAMA, YUKIHISA Inventor name: KAWANO, OSAMU Inventor name: MABUCHI, HIDESATO Inventor name: SAKUMA, YASUHARU Inventor name: TAKAHASHI, MANABU Inventor name: WAKITA, JUNICHI |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 69842595 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20120405 |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
PLAX | Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: TATA STEEL IJMUIDEN BV Effective date: 20121108 |
|
RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATION |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R026 Ref document number: 69842595 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20121108 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69842595 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: VOSSIUS & PARTNER PATENTANWAELTE RECHTSANWAELT, DE Effective date: 20130227 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69842595 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: VOSSIUS & PARTNER, DE Effective date: 20130227 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R081 Ref document number: 69842595 Country of ref document: DE Owner name: NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATION, JP Free format text: FORMER OWNER: NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION, TOKIO/TOKYO, JP Effective date: 20130227 |
|
PLBB | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3 |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |
|
R26 | Opposition filed (corrected) |
Opponent name: TATA STEEL IJMUIDEN BV Effective date: 20121108 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PUAH | Patent maintained in amended form |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
27A | Patent maintained in amended form |
Effective date: 20170308 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B2 Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R102 Ref document number: 69842595 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20170213 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20170307 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20170210 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20170315 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: FP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 69842595 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MK Effective date: 20180315 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20180315 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20180315 |