EP2313613B1 - Method for erecting an underground construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for erecting an underground structure, wherein the method is intended to ensure that the underground structure is assembled as safely as possible. The method is characterized in that a shaft is sunk at the erection site and the shaft is closed off by a cover in which an opening is provided, in that a lifting/lowering device is provided in the region of the opening, in that a locking mechanism is provided in the shaft below the opening, in that a section of the structure is provided in the region of the opening and is connected to the lifting/lowering device, is lowered through the opening down to the locking mechanism and locked and is then released from the lifting/lowering device after locking, in that a process cycle is performed in which a further section of the structure is provided in the region of the opening, said section is connected to the lifting/lowering device and to the locked section of the structure, then the locking of the previous section is released, the structure sections situated in the shaft are lowered until the uppermost section is situated in the locking region, and the uppermost section of the structure is locked, and this process cycle is repeated until the sections required for erecting the underground structure have been inserted into the shaft.

Description

The invention relates to a method for building an underground structure.

In metropolitan areas, the space for erecting buildings in building construction in central locations is becoming increasingly limited. The problem here is in particular the construction of functional buildings, such as parking garages or warehouses, because the reason they are built as a building, due to the shortage is becoming more expensive, so that their establishment is uneconomical or the operation is associated with such high operating costs, so that economic operation is not possible. Furthermore, these types of structures are due to their auxiliary function in the urban ensemble less desirable, but functionally indispensable.

There are therefore considerations, buildings or buildings instead of building as civil engineering to build. Frequently, excavation pits are created that need to be laboriously secured and secured against ingress of water. In these excavations then the corresponding structures are built and the excavation is then then closed again. Such methods are occupied with very high costs and with a very large technical effort, which are reflected directly in the construction costs and especially in the construction time.

The documents JP7317086 . CN201258492Y . JP62242022 and JP8253946 disclose alternative methods of constructing an underground structure.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method with which can build underground structures. The requirement of this method is that the erection can be made quickly, cost-effectively, in high quality and also with regard to safety at work.

The object of the invention is achieved in that a shaft is sunk at a construction site, and the shaft is closed with a cover in which an opening is provided that in the region of the opening a lifting / lowering device is provided that in the shaft in the area the opening is provided a locking possibility, preferably below the opening, that a portion of the structure is provided in the region of the opening, which is connected to the lifting / lowering device, is lowered and locked by the opening to Arretiermöglichkeit and then from the hub / Lowering device is achieved after the locking direction, that a process cycle is carried out, in which a further portion of the structure in the region of the opening, preferably over the opening, is provided, this is connected to the lifting / lowering device and the locked portion of the building , then the locking of the previous section is solved, which in the Shaft located building sections are lowered until the uppermost portion is in the locking area, and the uppermost portion of the structure is locked, and this process cycle is repeated until the necessary for the construction of the underground structure sections are introduced into the shaft. The shaft is understood here as an external structure and the remaining elements as an internal structure.

The advantage here is that the shaft acts as a pit that is easy and safe to manufacture, at the same time the construction of the structure in the shaft, which is part of the structure through its shaft wall and the lining of the shaft wall, can be made directly and easily, and Installation of the building section, taken individually. The assembly is carried out in such a way (from top to bottom) that during the assembly of the sections does not have to be worked directly inside the shaft, but that the work can be done on the top of the cover of the shaft outside the shaft, so that a high level of safety and quality of work during the construction is given, at the same time no material transport into the shaft itself and no construction activities in the shaft during the construction of the building sections are necessary, which reduces costs and increases safety at work and at the same time that directly prefabricated modules can be delivered directly assembled can be done so that, due to the at least partial pre-assembly option depending on the available transport infrastructure, the installation of the building sections can be done quickly and inexpensively.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the building is a building, preferably an underground parking garage or (underground) warehouse, particularly preferably an underground, particularly preferably automated parking system or (deep) warehouse. Especially in such types of buildings described above is an establishment in building construction in the inner city area for urban planning reasons and because of lack of availability of suitable land is not possible. Advantageously, the invention provides that the functional areas necessary for the operation of the underground building are integrated into a building to be constructed later on or already existing. This makes it possible to provide the property for secondary use, to integrate shaft structures in above-ground buildings and / or to use as a foundation measure.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the shaft is mining by means of drilling and blasting, with a shaft boring machine in full section and / or partial section and / or as shield tunneling. Other mining methods, such as freezer shaft operation or the like, for particularly difficult geologies are also applicable. Particularly advantageous is the use of automated shaft drilling machines in partial or full section, with which it is also possible to call down the shaft below the groundwater line and thus directly in the groundwater without groundwater.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the opening in the cover is closable, thereby it is possible to perform on the cover all pre-assembly activities of the individual sections, each section to be mounted on the underlying locked portion To attach and connect to this, to connect the (top) to be mounted each section with the lifting / lowering device, to release the lock, in turn to open the opening, lift, to lower the entire structure in the height of the straight mounted section to then arrest and continue the process, or alternatively connect those sections with the lifting / lowering device, raise, reopen the opening, place and connect the section to the underlying locked portion, and continue the process.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the lifting and lowering with a lifting / lowering device with at least one drive and as connecting or Vortriebsmittel least a hydraulic cylinder, a rope, a threaded rod and / or a rack is done. By means of this connecting or driving means, it is possible in a simple manner to safely carry out lifting and lowering in guided movements. It is advantageous that a bridge is provided above the opening, which acts as a parent support frame of the lifting / lowering device. Furthermore, it is advantageous that between substructure section and lifting / lowering device, a subframe is provided, which is particularly preferably connected to the connecting or Vortriebsmittel. With the subframe can be easily made a connection between the working section and lifting / lowering device, at the same time the subframe reveals the possibility of targeted guidance, alignment and / or leveling.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the locking possibility is provided directly below the cover on the cover or on a foundation of the shaft structure. This makes it possible to lock the building section located in the shaft and at the same time to close the opening above it, so that the assembly activities of the next building section can be carried out in a protected area, so that, for example, the persons working there are secured against falling into the shaft. It is also possible that a part of the structure protrudes from the shaft and the cover of the shaft is located below. Here then the next section of the structure is directly above ground mounted and then connected to the lifting / lowering device for lowering the structure for mounting the next section. It is advantageous that the locking with the possibility of locking over rigid plates, flat bars, wedges, pins and / or holding jaws, which are particularly preferably designed to be movable. This ensures that a sufficiently large holding force can be achieved, and at the same time the possibility of locking is simple. This facilitates handling and maintenance activity.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the shaft bottom is secured against rock-mechanical stress, water access and the like. At the same time, it is advantageous that a foundation for receiving the lower structural section and thus also for fastening the lower structural section in this shaft area is provided either on the shaft bottom or in a region of the shaft. Further, it is advantageously possible that a guide is provided in the shaft, which leads the building sections when lowering / lifting. As a result, it is ensured in a simple manner that the building sections can be transported safely and with the desired movements in the shaft to the one hand and on the other hand also guided into the respective end position. This can be a management system. Alternatively, systems such as rollers can be provided, which take over a direct guide against the shaft wall and are made adjustable, possibly electromechanical or electro-hydraulic. Alternatively, a laser-controlled, guidance-less, hydraulic lowering is provided. Here, the pre-assembly of the guide or the entrainment of the guide can be omitted. The lowering / lifting is carried out at low speed and with as little impact as possible in order to ensure a precise arrangement within the shaft and to avoid undue deformation.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the first structure section (the lowest construction section) is provided with at least one connection section for locking the structure to the foundation. As a result, a secure connection between the building sections in the foundation is possible.

At the same time, it is advantageous that at least a portion of the structure is connected to the shaft wall after installation of the sections of the structure. This allows a safe state of the building sections in the shaft.

Another teaching of the invention provides that a ventilation system and / or supply system and / or other systems drainage of parking pallets or car parking spaces, a fire extinguishing system, a work lift, a pallet cleaning system, a lighting system and / or electronic sensors is provided /, wherein the system / systems are preferably installed in sections, particularly preferably with the assembly of a building section. On the one hand, this makes it possible to provide all the elements necessary for the later operation of the structure already during the assembly of a single section, whereby subsequent assembly activities within the structure and thus in the shaft area can be dispensed with. This increases the mounting safety for the persons involved in the assembly and the quality of the assembly. At the same time it is also possible to provide the later operating elements, such as parking decks, especially guide rails for parking pallets, parking areas for storing cars or other goods or the like., The wiring and piping of the technical system at this time and to assemble, so that at the end of Lowering the building sections essentially completes the overall assembly of the system.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the cover of the shaft is removed after the completion of the assembly of the building sections, and that preferably a shaft closure is mounted. Furthermore, it is advantageous that subsequently a surface structural part is built for the building, with a later operation and subsequent maintenance of the building are possible.

Fig. 1-6:

eine seitliche Schnittansicht der einzelnen Herstellungsmomente der Schachtherstellung,

Fig. 7:

eine Draufsicht auf den obertätigen Montagebereich,

Fig. 8:

eine Schnittansicht durch einen untertägig eingebrachten Bauwerksabschnitt,

Fig. 9:

eine Schnittansicht des obertätigen Montagebereichs,

Fig. 10:

eine Ansicht zu Fig. 8 mit montiertem Parksystem, und

Fig. 11 und 12:

Schnittansichten durch das fertig montierte automatische Parksystem.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Showing:

Fig. 1-6:

a side sectional view of the individual manufacturing moments of the shaft production,

Fig. 7:

a top view of the overhead assembly area,

Fig. 8:

a sectional view through a subterranean introduced structure section,

Fig. 9:

a sectional view of the overhead assembly area,

Fig. 10:

a view too Fig. 8 with mounted parking system, and

11 and 12:

Section views through the fully assembled automatic parking system.

On a building site 20 for the construction of a building, a foundation 22 is produced. Subsequently, a shaft drilling machine, here as a vertical shaft drilling machine in the partial section method, which consists of an over-day part 24 and an underground part 25, erected and begun to abkuteufen the shaft 30. During the sinking of the shaft 30, the shaft is removed with an expansion 27. As soon as the shaft 30 pierces the groundwater line 21 during the sinking, the shaft 30 is filled with groundwater 23 filled. The underground part of the shaft boring machine 25 is designed for such operation ( Fig. 2 ). After sinking the shaft, for example to a depth of 60-100 m (smaller or larger depths and large diameters are particularly possible for buildings with lower exchange frequency of the stored objects) and the complete expansion of the shaft 30 is the underground part of the shaft boring 25th dismantled and the shaft bottom 26 closed with a concrete plug 28 ( Fig. 3 ). Subsequently, the water 23 located in the shaft 30 is pumped off ( Fig. 4 ) and the shaft bottom 26 are closed with an expansion 29 ( Fig. 5 ). Thereafter, for example, an anchoring 31 is introduced into the concrete plug 28 and into the mountains by the resulting shaft extension 29.

Subsequently, a cover 32 is applied to the shaft 30. On the cover 32 are supports 33, which are part of a bridge 34, wherein the bridge 34 has bridge load carrier 35 circumferentially as a frame, which rest on the leveling adjustable supports 33. The bridge load carriers 35 are provided with openings that act as a guide 38. Through these guides 38 tie rods 37 are arranged, which are connected to a subframe 36 via connections 39. The subframe 36 can be moved up and down via the tie rods 37. Instead of the tie rods or additional to these double-acting hydraulic cylinder (not shown) are used. Alternatively, ropes, threaded rods or racks can be used. The tie rods 37 are connected to a drive means (not shown) via which the movement is introduced. At the bottom of the subframe 36 are Fasteners 44 to which a structural section 40 is connected to the subframe. A building section 40 is in the present embodiment as a steel structure, consisting of supports 41, 43 and supports 42, executed. In this case, a building element, for example. A plate, with a connecting means (not shown) are provided for the first building section, which are connected to the foundation of the building, the shaft bottom 26 or the shaft walls or its expansion 27, and then on which the building gets up. On this building element supports 42 are placed and mounted. These supports 42 are connected to beams 41, 43, these beams then form the conclusion of the building section 40. About the fasteners 44 of the subframe 36 is connected to the top carrier level. By lowering the tie rods 37 of the building section 40 is lowered and secured by means of detents 57 in its lowered position so that it can not fall into the shaft 30. Subsequently, the fasteners 44 of the subframe 36 are released and the subframe 36 is moved over the tie rods 37 back up. The subframe 36 is connected via fasteners 39 with the tie rods 37. Subsequently, the opening of the manhole cover 32 is closed (not shown).

The next building section 40 is either delivered in a modular manner and arranged in the shaft area or the shaft section 40 is made of individual supports 42 and supports 41, 43 made on site. Thereafter, the building section 40 is connected to the subframe 36 via the fasteners 44. Then the shaft opening is opened again and the new Structural section 40 lowered to the underlying, previously mounted building section 46 and connected thereto.

Alternatively, the upper end of the lowered building section is above the closed manhole opening, such that the upper end protrudes beyond the cover. The next building section 40 is then directly connected to the upper end or it is erected directly on the upper end of individual supports 42 and supports 41, 43 on site. Subsequently, the subframe 36 is connected to the building section 40 via the fasteners 44.

Subsequently, in both cases, the detents 57 are released and the building section 40 is lowered again with the underlying building sections 46 and, as soon as the uppermost level arrives in the locking area, locked by means of the lock 57.

At the building sections 40 and 46 respectively further assemblies and components of the conveyor, the electrical installation and home automation are mounted. Part of a building section 40 is a supply air line 51 and an exhaust air duct 53. Starting from the supply air line 51 to the exhaust duct 53, a Zuluftverteiler 52 and a suction 54 are provided in each case after a certain number of building sections, for example two or three. Zuluftverteiler 52 and 54 intake point can also be arranged alternately to each other. Furthermore, a Structural section 40 is provided with a section of a work elevator 55 and a ladder 56. In addition, a riser 56 is provided as an emergency guide on the shaft 27. Furthermore, in a building section 40 there is an elevator opening 50, through which the elevator of the parking system is later arranged. On the individual building sections, for example on rails (not shown), transportable parking spaces 59 are provided. The elevator itself has a lift surface 58, which is then moved out of the elevator via the rails. The parking spaces 59 form a parked on a building section parking system level 60th

At certain distances from one another, a building section 40 has an intermediate plane 47. Alternatively, this intermediate level can either be retrofitted between the structure and the shaft wall or the intermediate level 47 is provided directly as part of a structure section 40 and lowered together with the other building sections in the shaft.

So that a precise arrangement of the building sections 40, 46 can take place in the shaft 30, a guide system, consisting of individual guides, can be provided, which allow the precise guidance. The guide system itself may be part of the structure, whereby the structure is additionally secured in the shaft 30. After complete construction of the structure in the shaft 30, individual or all structural sections can additionally be connected to the shaft construction 27, in order to additionally increase the stability (not shown).

In 11 and FIG. 12 an automatic parking system is shown arranged in a shaft 30. After arrangement of the individual building sections 40, 46 and the intermediate levels 47 in the shaft 30, the cover 32 is removed and a shaft closure 62 is mounted. The shaft closure 62 is located substantially at the level of the terrain surface 63. The shaft closure 62 is also provided with an opening corresponding to the shaft of the vertical conveyor 50 of the automatic parking system. Above this opening an overground building 61 is erected in the form of a transfer car of the automatic parking system.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

20

Building Site

21

Groundwater line

22

foundation

23

groundwater

24

above-ground shaft boring machine

25

underground shaft boring machine

26

sole

27

shaft lining

28

concrete plug

29

Expansion shaft bottom

30

shaft

31

anchoring

32

cover

33

support

34

bridge

35

Bridge load carrier

36

subframe

37

pull bar

38

guide

39

attachment

40

building section

41

carrier

42

support

43

carrier

44

Attachment of the subframe

45

sewage pipes

46

underlying building section

47

between level

48

Built-in construction section

49

carrier

50

Shaft of the vertical conveyor

51

air supply

52

supply air

53

exhaust duct

54

suction point

55

Befahrung lift

56

ladder

57

lock

58

lift area

59

parking space

60

Park system level

61

overground building

62

shaft closure

63

Geländeobe

Claims (18)

1. Method for erecting an underground structure, characterized in that a shaft (30) is sunk at the erection site and the shaft is closed off by a cover (32) in which an opening is provided, in that a lifting/lowering device is provided in the region of the opening, in that a locking mechanism (57) is provided in the shaft (30) in the region of the opening, in that a section of the structure (40) is provided in the region of the opening and is connected to the lifting/lowering device, is lowered through the opening down to the locking mechanism (57) and locked and is then released from the lifting/lowering device after locking, in that a process cycle is performed in which a further section of the structure (40) is provided in the region of the opening, said section is connected to the lifting/lowering device and to the locked section of the structure (46), then the locking of the previous section is released, the structure sections situated in the shaft (30) are lowered until the uppermost section (40) is situated in the locking region, and the uppermost section of the structure is locked, and this process cycle is repeated until the sections required for erecting the underground structure have been inserted into the shaft (30).
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the structure is a building, preferably an underground parking garage or storage facility, particularly preferably an underground automated parking system or storage facility.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaft is sunk in the manner of a mine by means of boring and blasting, with a shaft boring machine using full-face cutting and/or part-face cutting and/or by means of shield driving.
4. Method according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the opening in the cover (32) can be closed off.
5. Method according to one of Claims 1-4, characterized in that lifting and lowering take place with a lifting/lowering device having at least one drive and, as connecting or advancing means, at least one cable, one threaded rod and/or one toothed rack.
6. Method according to one of Claims 1-5, characterized in that an auxiliary frame (36) is provided between the building section and the lifting/lowering device.
7. Method according to one of Claims 1-6, characterized in that the lifting/lowering device comprises a stationary bridge (34) above the opening.
8. Method according to one of Claims 1-7, characterized in that locking takes place by means of wedges, pins and/or retaining jaws which are preferably designed to be movable.
9. Method according to one of Claims 1-8, characterized in that the locking mechanism is provided directly below the cover (32), on the cover or on a foundation of the shaft structure.
10. Method according to one of Claims 1-9, characterized in that a foundation for the structure is provided in the shaft.
11. Method according to one of Claims 1-10, characterized in that a guide (38) which guides the structure sections (40) during lowering/lifting is provided in the shaft.
12. Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the guide is a constituent part of the structure.
13. Method according to Claims 10-12, characterized in that the first structure section (40) is provided with at least one connecting section for locking the structure on the foundation.
14. Method according to one of Claims 1-13, characterized in that at least one section of the structure is connected to the shaft wall after the sections of the structure have been installed.
15. Method according to one of Claims 1-14, characterized in that a ventilation and venting system and/or supply system are provided, wherein the system/the systems are preferably installed section by section, particularly preferably with the assembly of a structure section.
16. Method according to one of Claims 1-15, characterized in that the cover (32) is removed after the completion of the assembly of the sections.
17. Method according to one of Claims 1-16, characterized in that a shaft closure is fitted.
18. Method according to one of Claims 1-17, characterized in that an above-ground structure part is erected for the structure.

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