EP2308792B1 - Crane with a boom tensioning device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a crane with a superstructure on which a main boom is pivotably articulated in a vertical rocking plane, and a bracing boom arrangement articulated on the superstructure, in particular a derrick boom arrangement, wherein a stranding is provided between the main boom and the bracing boom arrangement , and wherein the stranding has at least two bracing cables, which extend from two bracing points of the bracing boom arrangement arranged on opposite sides of the rocker plane to the main boom.

Such a spatial bracing of the main boom has the advantage that it also supports the main boom against forces acting perpendicular to the rocker plane.

Such a crane is off DE 20 2005 009 317 U1 known. In this case, two boom supports are provided, which are articulated in each case about an oblique pivot axis pivotally mounted on the uppercarriage. In a forward tilted position allow the two boom supports doing a good spatial bracing of the main boom. In its rearward extended position, the two boom supports can be used as derrick boom. The spatial bracing is thereby significantly worse than in the forward tilted position.

Out EP 1 466 855 A2 Furthermore, a clamping system for a telescopic crane is known, in which Abspannverseilungen are guided over two opposite the uppercarriage pivoting guy supports. However, this solution does not allow optimal spatial bracing.

DE 10022600A1 also discloses a tensioning system for a telescopic crane.

DE 20200800928 U1 , which is to be considered as a document within the meaning of Article 54 (3) EPC, discloses a crane with a superstructure according to the preamble of claim 1.

The object of the present invention is therefore to enable improved spatial bracing of a main boom.

This object is achieved by a crane according to claim 1. The crane according to the invention in this case comprises an uppercarriage on which a main boom is pivoted in a vertical rocking plane. On the superstructure, a bracing boom arrangement is further articulated, in particular a derrick boom arrangement. In this case, a stranding between the main boom and the guy arm assembly is provided, wherein the stranding has at least two Abspannverseilungen, which extend from two arranged on opposite sides of the rocking plane guying points of the bracing boom assembly to the main boom. According to the invention it is provided that the bracing boom arrangement is tiltable about a rocking axis perpendicular to the rocker plane of the main boom and has a transverse connection between the two guy points.

Furthermore, the guy cables at the two guy points are gimballed to the guy bracket assembly, particularly via idler rollers that are hinged about two axes to the guy bracket assembly. In the rocking operation of the main boom, the angle of the guy bracing between guy frame and main boom constantly changes. The gimbal fastening of guy guards permits good guidance of guy guards even in rocking mode.

The rocker axis perpendicular to the rocker plane of the main boom ensures that the two guying points always have the same distance to each other, regardless of which rocking position the guy arm arrangement has. The bracing boom assembly according to the invention thus allows a good spatial bracing, regardless of the tipping angle of the bracing boom assembly. The cross connection between the two guy points takes on the forces occurring during the bracing and thereby allows a much more stable construction of the bracing boom assembly. The cross connection is thereby mitgewippt with the bracing boom arrangement. In particular, the cross connection can be equipped so that it absorbs pressure forces and / or tensile forces. In particular, the cross connection can be a torque-free connection between the two guy points of any shape.

Advantageously, the guying points of the bracing boom arrangement have a distance which is greater than the width of the main boom. In particular, the guy points have a spacing which is advantageously more than twice, more advantageously more than four times as large as the width of the main boom. Further advantageously, the guying points of the bracing boom arrangement have a distance from one another which is greater than the width of the superstructure and / or the supporting surface of the crane.

Advantageously, the superstructure of the crane according to the invention is rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation. Further advantageously, the superstructure is arranged rotatably on a movable undercarriage. In particular, the crane according to the invention is a mobile crane or a crawler crane.

Advantageously, the distance between the guying points is more than the width of the superstructure and / or more than the width of the undercarriage. Further advantageously, the crane has a support arrangement, via which it can be supported on the ground. This may in particular be the undercarriage chassis. Advantageously, the distance between the two guying points is greater than the width of the supporting surface of the crane.

Further advantageously, the guy cables run obliquely inwards from the two guy points to the main boom, so that they form an isosceles triangle with the connecting line of the guy points as base side, whose tip ends at the main boom. Advantageously, the guying points are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rocker plane.

Further advantageously, the bracing boom arrangement forms a rigid structural unit, which is articulated about a standing on the rocker plane of the main boom Wippachse on the superstructure. Such a rigid structural unit allows optimal stability of the bracing and a synchronization of the guying points when rocking the bracing boom assembly. The bracing boom arrangement is advantageously articulated via a centrally arranged pivot piece on the superstructure.

Advantageously, the bracing boom assembly comprises two V-shaped arranged on a pivot piece Derrickauslegerstützen, which are connected to each other via at least one and advantageously at least two transverse struts perpendicular to the rocker plane. In particular, a transverse strut is provided, which connects the two tips of the boom supports together. Further advantageously, a further transverse strut is provided which connects in a region between the pivot piece and the tips of the cantilever tips these together.

Advantageously, the stranding according to the invention is a length-variable stranding. Advantageously, one or more winches are provided for this purpose. In particular, it is a trough stranding over which the main boom can be tipped up and down.

Further advantageously, it is provided that one or more winches are arranged for actuating the anchoring stranding on the bracing boom arrangement. This allows an optimal change in length of the guy cables over the winch or winches. The winds or winds can do this be arranged for example on a transverse strut of the boom assembly. The ropes can run from the winches on pulleys to the guying points.

Advantageously, it is provided that the two guying cables are each movable via a winch. If necessary, the two guy wires can be moved separately from each other.

Advantageously, a mechanical coupling between the two winches is provided, via which the movement of the two winches can be forcibly coupled. This allows a safe synchronization of the two winches, so that they load evenly in the rocking operation, the main boom and so keep in the rocker plane.

Further advantageously, the crane comprises a rope length detection for detecting and monitoring the length of the two guying stranding. This can ensure that the main boom is not accidentally more heavily loaded by one of the two guying stranding and so pulled out of the rocker plane. Such a rope length detection is also advantageous if the two winches can be forcibly coupled via a mechanical clutch. Also in this case z. B. in the position change or winding errors inequalities arise when unwinding the ropes. These deviations are now recorded via the rope length detection.

Advantageously, the crane control compares the length of the two tie-down cables based on the data from the rope length detection. In the event of an impermissible deviation, the control triggers a reaction, in particular the controller issues a warning. Alternatively or additionally, the controller can also intervene in the control of the drives. In particular, it can be provided that the controller stops the drives.

Further advantageously, the crane control and / or the rope length detection comprises a zero-point function, by means of which the deviation between the cable lengths at the beginning of the crane work can be set to zero. After upgrading the crane and aligning the main boom in the rocker plane, the control or rope length detection can be told that the deviation between the cable lengths is zero or that the main boom is in the rocker plane. Either the deviation can be set to zero or the rope lengths can be set to an identical value. The rope length detection or crane control now measures the deviations resulting from this zero point during subsequent operation.

Advantageously, the rope length detection thereby comprises a measuring system which measures the actual cable lengths unwound by the winches. In particular, the measuring system is advantageously not or not solely based on the angle of rotation of the winches. Otherwise z. B. occurring in position changes or Abspulfehlern length deviations are not recognized. The rope length detection can be z. B. via a respective arranged in the way of the ropes measuring roll.

Advantageously, the bracing boom arrangement according to the invention is a derrick boom arrangement to which a derrick ballast is attached. Such a derrick ballast element can be z. B. be attached via a rope to the bracing boom assembly. The Derrick ballast lies on the ground and can be raised via a power lift. As a power lift, for example, a hydraulic cylinder can be used.

The Derrick ballast balances the moment due to the load on the main boom and torque (over the stranding) on the guy boom assembly. By winding up and down the guy arm arrangement, the distance of the derrick ballast and thus the leverage can be changed.

The derrick ballast is advantageously arranged outside the support surface of the crane. In particular, this is advantageously the turning circle of the derrick ballast outside the support surface of the crane, so that the superstructure can be rotated with attached derrick ballast against the undercarriage.

Advantageously, the bracing boom assembly comprises at least two separate derrick ballast elements which are attached to at least two spaced apart attachment points on the bracing boom assembly. Due to the two spaced apart attachment points, to each of which a derrick ballast element is attached, an improved Seitenabspannung the main boom is made possible, so that just the high lateral forces occurring in large strokes with steep main boom can be better absorbed via the guying device. In addition, the two separate derrick ballast elements allow easier handling of the crane and / or turning the superstructure with attached derrick ballast elements, since the division of the derrick ballast in at least two separate derrick ballast elements they are no longer arranged in the rocker plane of the main boom have to. As a result, the derrick ballast elements can be positioned so that an improved mobility and / or rotation is provided with increased lateral stability of the main boom. Advantageously, the distance between the guying points substantially corresponds to the distance between the articulation points of the two derrick ballast elements.

The derrick ballast elements (and accordingly the attachment points for the derrick ballast elements) are advantageously arranged laterally of the lower and / or upper carriage or can be arranged. In particular, the derrick ballast elements (And accordingly the attachment points for the derrick ballast elements) thereby advantageously arranged laterally of the support surface of the crane or can be arranged. As a result, the center of gravity of the boom assembly is also without an attached load within the support surface, so that the crane with attached derrick ballast elements is movable or rotatable. The two derrick ballast elements (and accordingly the attachment points for the derrick ballast elements) are arranged with respect to the rocker plane of the main boom on opposite sides. Unlike in the prior art, the distance of the derrick ballast from the axis of rotation of the superstructure is no longer limited by the inventive lateral arrangement of the two derrick ballast elements to the front by the length of the superstructure. In addition, by such an arrangement, secure lateral bracing of the main boom is combined with the benefits of derrick bracing.

Advantageously, the attachment points are so arranged or can be arranged next to the undercarriage that the crane can be moved with attached to the attachment points Derrick ballast elements. In particular, the derrick ballast elements have to be arranged and / or arranged next to the chassis of the undercarriage. Further advantageously, the attachment points are arranged outside the turning circle of the lower and / or upper carriage or can be arranged so that the superstructure can be rotated with attached to the suspension points Derrick ballast elements.

Advantageously, furthermore, the distance between the connecting line of the two attachment points to the axis of rotation of the superstructure by pivoting the derrick boom arrangement can be changed. In this way, the leverage of the derrick ballast, which depends on this distance, can be changed, so that the torque introduced by the derrick ballast in the crane can be adjusted to the load attached to the crane. In particular, it is also possible to position the common center of gravity of the two derrick ballast elements so close to the axis of rotation of the superstructure that the center of gravity of the crane positioned without an attached load within the footprint of the crane is. Changing the distance of the connecting line of the two attachment points to the axis of rotation of the superstructure is made possible by the lateral arrangement of the derrick ballast elements, which are thereby moved forward or backward on both sides of the superstructure. As a result, a method of the crane and / or turning the superstructure with attached Derrick ballast elements is possible without a load as a counterweight.

Advantageously, the attachment points are arranged or arranged so that the mobility and / or rotation of the crane for different distances of the connecting line of the two attachment points to the axis of rotation of the superstructure is available. Advantageously, the mobility and / or rotation in a first position of the attachment points, in which the distance of the connecting line to the axis of rotation is minimal and advantageously substantially zero, and a second position of the attachment points, in which the distance of the connecting line to the axis of rotation is maximum, given. Further advantageously, the mobility and / or rotation over the entire adjustment of the derrick ballast elements is given.

Advantageously, according to the invention, the attachment points on both sides of the rocker plane of the main boom are arranged or arranged so that their connection line is perpendicular to the rocker plane. This allows a symmetrical bracing with uniform load on the crane. Voreilhafterweise while the distance between the two attachment points is greater than the width of the undercarriage and / or the size of the support surface so that the mobility of the crane and / or the rotatability of the superstructure is guaranteed with attached derrick ballast element.

Further advantageously, power lift are provided, via which the derrick ballast elements can be raised. About this power lift so the derrick ballast elements can be raised so that the crane can be moved or rotated with floating derrick ballast elements. Nevertheless, the Derrick ballast elements are kept very close to the ground.

Advantageously, the bracing boom arrangement can be tilted over a stranding with respect to the superstructure. In particular, it is advantageously provided that the Wippverseilung between the main boom and the guy arm assembly and the stranding for moving the bracing boom assembly are actuated separately from each other. Advantageously, the bracing boom arrangement can be tilted over an SA block.

Advantageously, it is provided that the main boom and / or the bracing boom assembly is constructed of lattice pieces. In particular, the main boom in this case has an articulation piece and a head piece, between which a plurality of lattice pieces are arranged. Advantageously, while the distance between the guying points on the bracing boom assembly is greater than the width of the lattice pieces of the main boom, in particular more than twice as wide and further advantageously more than four times as wide. Further advantageously, the bracing boom assembly on an articulation piece, on which one or more lattice pieces are arranged.

The present invention further includes a method of operating a crane as set forth above. The inventive method provides that the main boom is tilted over the stranding in the rocker plane. In particular, for this purpose, the length of the two Abspannverseilungen is changed via one or more winds.

Advantageously, it is provided that the deviation between the pitches at the beginning of the crane work is set to zero. As a result, a position can be defined in which the main boom is located in the rocker plane. Deviations between the rope lengths, which arise during operation, can thus be monitored.

Figur 1:

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Kranes in ei- ner Ansicht von oben,

Figur 2:

das erste Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Ansicht von der Seite,

Figur 3:

das erste Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Ansicht von hinten und

Figur 4:

das Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung in einer Draufsicht zur Erläuterung des Derrick-Kranbetriebs.

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment and drawings. Showing:

FIG. 1:

A first embodiment of a crane according to the invention in a top view,

FIG. 2:

the first embodiment in a view from the side,

FIG. 3:

the first embodiment in a view from the rear and

FIG. 4:

the embodiment of the present invention in a plan view for explaining the derrick crane operation.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a crane according to the invention in a plan view. In this case, a main boom 10 is provided, which is pivoted about an axis 100 aufippbar on a superstructure. Furthermore, a bracing boom assembly 11 is provided, which is also articulated on the uppercarriage. The main boom 10 can be designed as a lattice boom.

The superstructure itself is in FIG. 1 not shown in detail. The superstructure is arranged on a likewise not shown undercarriage. On undercarriage 52 while a chassis for moving the crane is arranged, for. B. a crawler undercarriage or several tired axles.

Hissing the bracing boom assembly 11 and the main boom 10, a stranding is provided. In this case, the stranding comprises a first guying stranding 1, which extends from the anchoring point 50 on the bracing boom arrangement 11 to the main boom 10. Furthermore, the stranding comprises a second bracing stranding 1 ', which is guided from a second bracing point 50' on the bracing boom assembly 11 to the main boom 10. The two guy points 50 and 50 'are arranged on opposite sides of the rocker plane of the main boom and have a distance which is greater than the width of the main boom 10. The two guy cables 1 and 1' thereby extend in the form of a triangle from the two guy points 50 and 50 'to Main boom, in particular to the top of the main boom. This results in a spatial bracing of the main boom, through which forces can be taken transversely to the rocker plane.

The bracing boom arrangement is tiltable about an axis 25 with respect to the superstructure which runs parallel to the whippen axis 100 of the main boom. As a result, the bracing boom assembly 11 can be pivoted relative to the superstructure, without the distance between the guying points 50 and 50 'would change. As a result, a good lateral tension is ensured for any position of the bracing boom assembly. Furthermore, the bracing boom arrangement has a transverse connection between the two guy points. This cross-connection can absorb forces acting through the bracing between the two guy points 50 and 50 '. The cross-connection is made available in the exemplary embodiment in that the bracing boom arrangement forms a rigid structural unit, which can be tilted in total with respect to the superstructure to the rocking axis 25.

The structure of the bracing boom assembly 11 is made FIG. 3 more clear. In the exemplary embodiment, the bracing boom arrangement comprises two boom supports 20 and 20 'which are arranged in a V-shaped manner on an articulation piece 21 and which are connected to one another via a transverse strut 23. The bracing boom assembly 11 thereby has substantially the shape of a triangle. The articulation piece 21 is articulated on the superstructure about the rocking axis 25 rocking. The two jib supports 20 and 20 'are connected to each other via the transverse strut 23 in its upper region. The transverse strut 23 extends between the tips of the boom supports and thus perpendicular to the rocker plane. Furthermore, a second transverse strut 24 is provided, which again connects the two cantilever supports 20 and 20 'in a region between the transverse strut 23 and the coupling element 21. All components together result in a stable and torsion-resistant triangle.

The bracing boom arrangement according to the invention in this case has only one rocking axis 25, over which the entire bracing boom arrangement can be tilted relative to the superstructure. Due to the distance between the guying points 50 and 50 'allows the bracing boom assembly still a spatial bracing of the main boom. The derrick boom arrangement can consist of individual lattice pieces, as is clear from the drawing. The individual lattice pieces can be connected via fork-finger connections. However, none of the joints has a movable axis. The bracing boom arrangement thus forms a rigid structural unit.

How out FIGS. 1 and 2 As can be seen, the bracing boom assembly can be up and down over a SA block relative to the superstructure. For this purpose, a SA-support 12 is articulated on the uppercarriage, which is connected via tie rods 26 and 26 'with the bracing boom assembly in connection. The SA-support 12 can then be tilted over a Wippverseilung 2 with respect to the superstructure. The tie rods 26 and 26 'extend from the centrally located SA post 12 outwardly to the tips of the bracing boom assembly. Furthermore, a fallback press 13 is provided.

The bracing cables 1 and 1 'between the bracing boom assembly and the main boom are variable in length. This is a rocker stranding over which the main boom can be tipped up and down. When rocking up and down of the main boom 10, the bracing boom assembly remains stationary, so that the main boom alone on the change in length of Abspannverseilungen 1 and 1 'up and is tipped off. Should z. B. the ballast radius can be changed, the guy arm assembly can be tilted, which is done via the Wippverseilung 2 of the SA block 12. The control of the crane can be designed so that the Wippverseilung 1 of the main boom is tracked in the way that the main boom 10 undergoes no change in angle.

To move the guy wires 1 and 1 ', winches 27 and 27' are provided. These winches are mounted on the bracing boom assembly 11, in the embodiment of the lower cross member 24. In order to achieve a secure synchronization of the winds when needed, a mechanical clutch 28 is provided. If no synchronization of the winches necessary, the clutch 28 can also be solved. The ropes 29 and 29 'extend over pulleys 30 and 30' and 31 and 31 ', which are arranged on the bracing boom arrangement, to the guying points 50 and 50'. From there, the ropes 29 and 29 'each extend to the guy stranding 1 or 1'. The guy straps 1 and 1 'are each designed as Wippverseilung, in which the ropes 29 and 29' are guided over a plurality of pulleys and thus form a pulley.

Due to the mechanical coupling of the two winches 27 and 27 'they run at least theoretically evenly from the winds. Nevertheless, z. B. in the position change or winding errors inequalities occur. Since the two cables 29 and 29 'form the Wippverseilung, such cases are ruled out. Otherwise, the main boom 10 would experience a one-sided load from the tipping stranding and be pulled out of the teetering plane. However, the spatial bracing of the main boom and thus the holding of the main boom 10 in the rocker plane is just the task of the spatial Wippverseilung invention.

Therefore, a measuring system for rope length detection of the ropes is provided in the way of the ropes 29 and 29 '. The rope length detection takes place in the exemplary embodiment via measuring rollers 30 and 30 ', which are arranged in the path of the cables 29 and 29'. The type and location of the rope length detection is irrelevant. The only thing that matters is that the rope length measurement measures the actual unwound length of the ropes.

The rope length detection determines the respective unwound length of the cables 29 and 29 'and reports the values to the controller. At the beginning of the crane work, when the main mast 10 is in the seesaw level, the rope length detection can be zeroed. From this point on, the controller tracks the length of the cables 29 and 29 '. In case of impermissible deviations, the crane control issues a warning. Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided that the crane control engages in the crane drives. In particular, the crane control can stop the crane drives.

How out FIG. 3 also shows, the two Wippverseilungen 1 and 1 'at the guy points 50 and 50' gimbal secured. The angles between the main mast 10 and the guy boom assembly continually change during crane work when the seesaw strand is actuated. The gimbal linkage thus allows a tracking of Wippverseilung. The gimbal attachment allows a movement of the bottles over which the Wippverseilung runs to two perpendicular axes.

Furthermore, each of the two bracing cables 1 and 1 'is associated with a force measuring arrangement. This is arranged in the embodiment between the guying points and the bottles for the Wippverseilung and allows detection of the forces in the two Abspannverseilungen 1 and 1 '. These measured values are also included in the control according to the invention.

An advantage of the inventive spatial bracing is in particular from FIG. 1 out. In comparison to cantilevers without a spatial bracing, the forces are introduced perpendicular to the rocker plane of the main boom on two axles in the superstructure. Without such a spatial bracing the bracing boom could not support the main mast perpendicular to the rocker plane. In this case, the rocking axis of the main boom would transfer all forces to the resulting moments from the main boom to the superstructure. In contrast, in the present invention, the boom assembly supports the main mast against forces acting perpendicular to the seesaw plane. Thus, these are also transmitted via the rocking axis 25 of the bracing boom assembly on the superstructure.

Out FIG. 3 It will also be apparent how the bracing boom assembly according to the invention is used as a derrick boom. In this case, two separate derrick ballast elements 7 and 8 are provided, which are attached to two spaced apart attachment points 33 and 33 'on the bracing boom assembly 11. The attachment point 33 is located in the region of the guy point 50, while the attachment point 33 'is in the region of the second guy point 50'. The distance between the attachment points 33 and 33 'thus substantially corresponds to the distance between the guy points 50 and 50'.

The lateral arrangement of the derrick ballast elements on the bracing boom assembly on the one hand has the advantage that the derrick boom assembly 11 thereby has a considerable increased lateral stability, by which forces acting perpendicular to the rocker plane of the main boom can be absorbed and compensated. Another advantage of the two separate derrick ballast elements 7 and 8 will now be described with reference to FIG FIG. 4 shown in more detail.

At the attachment point 33, the first derrick ballast element 8 is attached via the connection 34, wherein this is located in crane operation directly below the attachment point 33 outside the footprint of the crane. In the same way, a second derrick ballast element 7 is attached to the attachment point 33 'via the connection 34', which is also located below the attachment point 33 'outside the footprint of the crane during crane operation.

The distance between the attachment points 33 and 33 'is so great that the attached ballast elements 7 and 8 are located next to the undercarriage 52 and outside of the turning circle of the support base 51 of the crane. The support base is in Fig. 4 the dimensions of the undercarriage and the crawler undercarriage over which the crane rests on the ground. As a result, the crane can proceed or the superstructure with attached ballast elements 7 and 8 are rotated. For this purpose, the distance between the two attachment points 33 and 33 'advantageously greater than the width B of the support base plus the corresponding dimension of the ballast elements 7 and 8, further advantageously greater than the diagonal dimension D of the support base plus the corresponding dimension of the derrick ballast elements.

As is usual with derrick jibs, the derrick ballast is attached to the derail boom assembly on the opposite side of the main axle pivot shaft 3 as to exert a torque on the crane, which is the load from the main boom 10 is opposed to the torque exerted on the crane. The connecting line between the attachment points 33 and 33 ', on which the common center of gravity of the two derrick ballast elements lies, is thus arranged behind the axis of rotation 3 of the superstructure. According to the invention, the distance of the connecting line to the axis of rotation 3 is variable by the tilting of the guy-boom arrangement, so as to be able to change the lever arm, which is generated by the derrick boom.

How out Fig. 4 can be seen, the attachment points of the ballast element 7 and 8 are moved during pivoting of the guy-boom assembly along the planes 16 and 17, which extend parallel to rocker plane 15 of the main boom 10. Due to the lateral arrangement of the two ballast elements, these can thus be moved from a front position, in which the connecting line of the two attachment points 33 and 33 'close to the axis of rotation 3 of the superstructure, into a rear position, in which there is a large lever arm , Over the entire adjustment, the derrick ballast elements 7 and 8 are outside the turning circle of the support base of the crane, so that the rotatability of the superstructure remains ensured.

The advantage to a conventional Derrick ballast element, as in Fig. 4 dashed lines shown for comparison, it is obvious that there is a rotatability of the upper carriage only in a position in which the ballast element 60 has a large distance from the axis of rotation 3, resulting in a large lever arm. By contrast, by the present invention, the lever arm The Derrick boom arrangement can be freely adjusted without restricting the rotatability of the upper carriage.

The distance between ballast and attachment point is variable via power lift. When rotating the superstructure with floating derrick ballast elements, it is advantageous to lift the derrick ballast elements only very slightly from the ground. This immediately provides support through the ground if, for example, the load breaks off. This prevents a dangerous tilting back of the crane. Due to the inventive use of two derrick ballast elements, it is still possible to rotate the superstructure by 360 °, as they can be arranged outside the support base of the crane or the turning radius of the undercarriage.

In operation, each Derrick boom is positioned over the guy by the Derrick ballast (a standard fallback safeguard is available). The force in the connection 34 and 34 'between the attachment points on the derrick arms and the respective ballast elements is measured and fed to the controller. If the difference between the forces measured in the connections exceeds a defined limit value, for example 10%, a warning or a shutdown of the movement takes place.

The main boom can be tipped over or over the tipping strand 1. If a large load is picked up by the boom, the derrick ballast can lift off the ground. It creates a balance between load torque and ballast torque, with the center of gravity is within the length of the support base L of the crane. In this state, the crane is movable. The size of the ballast torque can be changed via the position of the attachment points by rocking the derrick boom arrangement. The leverage of the derrick boom is set by the distance between the connecting line of the two attachment points to the axis of rotation of the superstructure.

If it is intended to move or rotate the crane without load, but with attached ballast weights, the derrick boom assembly can be tilted forward with the derrick ballast elements. This shifts the center of gravity until it finally lies within the footprint of the crane. Since the overall system of Derrick boom and ballast elements is symmetrical, the overall center of gravity 18 is always on the axis of the superstructure. Alternatively, of course, the crane could be moved until the ballast stacks have reached the desired position and are then picked up by the derrick arms.

By pivoting the derrick boom assembly, the radius of rotation of the crane or the superstructure is not increased. The two ballast elements 7 and 8 can be arranged as close as possible to the center of rotation, so that the internal turning radii Ri of the two ballast elements are only slightly larger than the diagonal dimension D of the caterpillar. As a result, the outer radius of rotation Ra of the ballast elements for such positions in which the arms are flipped up and the lever of the derrick cantilever is so low, kept low. As a result, the required working space of the crane is not unnecessarily increased. Only when the derrick boom is deflected further back to increase the lever arm and pick up a load, increases the radius Ra and increases the space requirement.

However, the increased space requirement is compensated by the good lateral stability of the boom, as well as large deflections of the derrick boom arrangement with correspondingly large leverage continued good lateral tension is ensured by the spaced apart attachment points of the derrick ballast elements and the spaced Abspannpunkte the Wippverseilung ,

The present invention thus enables the use of two separate derrick ballast elements with spaced apart attachment points both a flexible and stable bracing of the main boom, as well as a good traversability and rotatability of the crane, especially without a load on Crane would be attached. The two ballast elements are no longer, as in the prior art, arranged in the rocker plane, but with a certain distance to the rocker plane of the main boom side of the crane. Thereby, the leverage of the derrick boom assembly can be changed by moving the derrick ballast members laterally or rearwardly beside the crane's support base.

The bracing boom arrangement according to the invention with two guying points, from which bracing straps are guided to the main boom, furthermore enables a good spatial bracing of the main boom. The good spatial bracing is maintained by the parallel to the rocking axis of the main boom arranged rocking axis of the guy-boom assembly regardless of the rocking angle of the bracing boom arrangement. The cross connection between the two guy points or the two attachment points takes on the forces occurring during the bracing and thereby allows a much more stable construction of the bracing boom assembly. In addition, this ensures a synchronization of the guying points in a Verwippung the bracing boom assembly.

According to the invention, the present invention is used particularly advantageously in mobile cranes, especially in crawler cranes. Use with mobile cranes is also conceivable.

Claims (14)

1. A crane having a superstructure at which a main boom (10) is pivotally connected in a manner luffable in a vertical luffing plane and having a bracing boom arrangement (11) pivotally connected to the superstructure, in particular a derrick boom arrangement, wherein a rope arrangement (1, 1') is provided between the main boom (10) and the bracing boom arrangement (11), wherein the rope arrangement (1, 1') has at least two guying rope arrangements (1, 1') which extend from two guying points (50, 50') of the bracing boom arrangement (11) arranged on opposite sides of the luffing plane to the main boom (10), wherein the bracing boom arrangement (11) is luffable about a luffing axis (25) standing perpendicular on the luffing plane of the main boom (10) and has a transverse connection between the two guying points (50, 50'),
   characterized in that
   the guying rope arrangements (1, 1') are fastened in the two guying points (50, 50') on gimbals to the bracing boom arrangement (11), in particular via pulley blocks which are pivotally connected rotatable about two axes at the bracing boom arrangement (11).
2. A crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the bracing boom arrangement (11) forms a rigid structural unit which is pivotally connected to the superstructure about a luffing axis (25) standing perpendicular on the luffing plane of the main boom (10).
3. A crane in accordance with claim 2, wherein the bracing boom arrangement (11) has two boom supports (20, 20') which are arranged in V shape on a pivotal connection piece (21) and which are connected to one another via at least one, and advantageously at least two, crossbeams (23, 24) perpendicular to the luffing plane.
4. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more winches (27, 27') are arranged on the bracing boom arrangement (11) for moving the guying rope arrangements (1, 1').
5. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the two guying rope arrangements (1, 1') are each movable via a winch (27, 27') and wherein a mechanical coupling (28) is provided between the two winches (27, 27) via which the movement of the two winches (27, 27') can be positively coupled.
6. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the crane has a rope length detection arrangement for detecting and monitoring the length of the two guying rope arrangements (1, 1 ").
7. A crane in accordance with claim 6, wherein the crane control compares the length of the two guying rope arrangements (1, 1') with reference to the data of the rope length detection arrangement and triggers a response, in particular emits a warning and/or intervenes in the control of the drives, on an unpermitted deviation.
8. A crane in accordance with one of the claims 6 or 7, wherein the crane control and/or the rope length detection apparatus has a zero point function via which the deviation between the rope lengths can be set to zero at the start of the crane work.
9. A crane in accordance with one of the claims 6 to 8, wherein the rope detection arrangement has a measuring system which measures the rope lengths actually wound off the winches (27, 27').
10. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two separate derrick ballast elements (7, 8) are suspended at the bracing boom arrangement (11) at at least two mutually spaced apart suspension points (33, 33').
11. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the bracing boom arrangement (11) can be luffed via a rope arrangement (2), in particular via an SA block (12), with respect to the superstructure.
12. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the main boom (10) and/or the bracing boom arrangement (11) is made up of lattice pieces.
13. A method of operating a crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the main boom (10) is luffed in the luffing plane via the rope arrangement (1).
14. A method of operating a crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the deviation between the rope lengths is set to zero at the start of the crane work.

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