EP2308646B1 - Procédé de traitement de pièces usinées à l'aide d'un jet d'eau contenant un agent abrasif sortant d'une buse sous haute pression, installation de jet d'eau destiné à exécuter et à appliquer le procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de pièces usinées à l'aide d'un jet d'eau contenant un agent abrasif sortant d'une buse sous haute pression, installation de jet d'eau destiné à exécuter et à appliquer le procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2308646B1
EP2308646B1 EP10180557.0A EP10180557A EP2308646B1 EP 2308646 B1 EP2308646 B1 EP 2308646B1 EP 10180557 A EP10180557 A EP 10180557A EP 2308646 B1 EP2308646 B1 EP 2308646B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water jet
pressure
abrasive
valve
pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10180557.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2308646A1 (fr
Inventor
Philipp Roth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2308646A1 publication Critical patent/EP2308646A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
    • F04B43/023—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms double acting plate-like flexible member

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of machining work pieces by means of water jets. It relates to a method for processing, in particular cleaning, of a workpiece by means of a high-pressure emerging from a nozzle, abrasive-containing water jet according to the preamble of claim 1, and a water jet system for implementation of the procedure. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for using the inventive water jet method.
  • Components of power plants are subject during their operation of a high mechanical and thermal stress. This is particularly true for the hot gas flow exposed components of gas turbines whose surfaces in addition to the extreme mechanical and thermal stresses also unwanted thermal and chemical reactions to form non-metallic layers, such as scale or corrosion coatings, are exposed with negative effects on performance. This requires regular maintenance intervals to check the condition of these components and their removal and / or cleaning, repair or replacement if necessary.
  • Sandblasting is one of the known and established methods in the field. Air compressed to a pressure of several bars, to which an abrasive is added, is directed to the surface to be treated. The particles of the abrasive which impinge on the surface with high energy cause a cleaning effect. Disadvantages of these methods, however, are inaccurate control and in a relatively coarse material removal with adverse changes in the surface quality of the workpiece.
  • Another type of cleaning method is based on the high-pressure water jet technique, with pure or added with an abrasive water jets are applied to the surface to be cleaned.
  • the high pressure water jet technique uses water pressures of up to 600 MPa to produce a high velocity water jet.
  • Such a high velocity water jet can be used as an omnidirectional tool for cutting or cleaning applications.
  • Simplified illustrated first principle 10 water is supplied via a water supply line 11 of a pressure pump 12 in a water jet system and pumped at high pressure into a pressure line 13, which leads to a suitable nozzle 14.
  • the high pressure water in the pressure line 13 then exits the nozzle 14 as necessary to form a high energy water jet.
  • soft materials such as fabrics, leather, solidified foams, food, etc. can be cut.
  • Typical parameters for pure water jet cleaning are working pressures of up to 300 MPa and volume flow rates of about 30 liters / min, resulting in high energy consumption (up to 150 kW). Corresponding high pressure pumps are also very expensive.
  • a partial flow is branched off from a pressurized water jet in order to produce an abrasive suspension in a reservoir (8, 9, 10).
  • the nozzle (2) as a jet pump, the suspension produced is sucked from a chamber (10) of the storage container (8) and conveyed into the nozzle (2), where it is accelerated and entrained by the water jet flowing at high speed.
  • the ASWJ (abrasive suspension water jets) produced according to the third principle are generally used for mobile and special applications.
  • the advantages of the ASWJ beams compared to the AIWJ beams generated by the second principle are a higher efficiency (up to a factor of 4-5 higher) and the ability to use these beams in all layers and environments.
  • a water jet installation 30 water is again supplied via a water feed line 11 to a pressure pump 12 and pumped at high pressure (up to 200 MPa) into a pressure line 13 which leads to a suitable nozzle 14.
  • the water flow is split.
  • a part flows via a first throttle valve 27 and a mixing piece 28 directly to the nozzle 14.
  • a second, smaller part flows in a bypass line 23 via a second throttle valve 22 in a filled with abrasive and after removal of a blind plug 25 refillable pressure tank 24 and from there via a shut-off valve 26 to the mixing section 28. While the water through the Pressure tank 24 flows, it rips the abrasive particles with.
  • the resulting water / abrasive mixture is then placed in the mixing section 28 in the main water stream.
  • the throttle valves 22 and 27 the proportion of abrasive in the emerging from the nozzle 14 abrasive-containing water jet 29 can be controlled.
  • Such a system is for example in the document DE-A1-199 09 377 described.
  • WO 97/31752 shows a method in which the treatment suspension between a collecting container (30), in which simultaneously the workpiece (10) is treated, and one of a high-pressure pump (72) acted upon chamber (64) is circulated. From the collecting container (30), the suspension is filled by means of a pump (80) in the high-pressure chamber (64). Once the intended level has been reached, the system is ready for operation. By operating a piston (74), the abrasive-containing suspension is blasted through the nozzle (20) onto the surface (12) of the workpiece (10) under an overpressure of up to 80 MPa. After emptying the high-pressure chamber (64), the surface treatment is discontinued until the completion of the refilling of the chamber (64).
  • the device according to US 4854090 is also characterized by a batch to be filled pressure vessel (201), which is emptied in the filled state by applying a carrier liquid under high pressure through the nozzle (222).
  • a convenient arrangement and circuit of pumps (209, 210) and valves (211, 212, 213, 221) is changed between loading and unloading cycle.
  • the reservoir (205) is under pressure, outside the filling process, it can be pressure relieved.
  • the invention has for its object to provide such a method and such a system, which are the requirements of an application for power plants, such as turbines, grown. This field of application requires effective use in confined spaces, such as in narrow gaps, and also places high demands on the surface finish after machining.
  • a mixture with water and the abrasive is prepared in an open mixing container to provide the abrasive suspension under normal pressure in an open mixing container. This ensures that the suspension in the mixing container can be added at any time without difficulty.
  • the mixture is kept in motion in the mixing container continuously, in particular by means of an agitator.
  • the comparatively low working pressure of about 15 MPa to 25 MPa allows the use of less expensive components (eg pumps) and reduces energy consumption.
  • An outstanding advantage of the invention is also that the low working pressure allows the use of small dimensioned and flexible components of the water jet system, such as pressure lines and cleaning heads, whereby it is now possible with the aid of the invention to effectively treat difficult to access surfaces. As a result, it is possible in certain cases to dispense with the elaborate removal of the workpieces to be cleaned. Especially in power plant construction, this represents an advantage that should not be underestimated, leading to considerable cost savings for the power plant operator.
  • an abrasive having a hardness of at least 7 according to the Mohs scale is added to the water.
  • the abrasive particles have a diameter in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.
  • the abrasive suspension is brought to the working pressure by means of a pump and the abrasive suspension brought to working pressure is passed via a pressure line from the outlet of the pump directly to the nozzle, wherein a diaphragm pump is used as a pump.
  • An embodiment of the water jet system according to the invention is characterized in that the pump is a diaphragm pump, that the diaphragm pump has a pump chamber limited by a diaphragm, which communicates via an inlet valve with the suction line and an outlet valve with the pressure line, and that the valves respectively a valve sleeve forming a central valve passage, which is closed at the downstream end by a valve member seated, against the flow direction resiliently biased closing element.
  • the use of a diaphragm pump has the advantage of low wear compared to other pump types, such as piston pumps.
  • valve bushing and the closing element of the valves are made of a hard metal, in particular tungsten carbide, and that the valve seats are ground.
  • the closing element in the area corresponding to the valve seat is spherical and biased by a compression spring in the closing direction.
  • a pressure relief valve is arranged in the pressure line.
  • the mixing container has an agitator equipped with a motor and is designed as an open container.
  • the method according to the invention is advantageously used for cutting and / or cleaning tasks in power plant components, in particular boilers, heat exchangers and turbines.
  • Fig. 4 is the simplified scheme of working with abrasive suspension water jet system according to an embodiment of the invention reproduced.
  • the water jet system 40 comprises a mixing vessel 31, a diaphragm pump 36 connected on the input side to the mixing vessel 31 via a suction line 35 and a nozzle 44 connected to the outlet of the membrane pump 36 via a pressure line 39.
  • an abrasive suspension 34 is mixed under normal pressure and kept ready.
  • an agitator 33 is provided which is driven by a motor 32.
  • the mixing container 31 may be open at the top so that the components of the abrasive suspension can be replenished as needed and without interrupting the operation.
  • Working under normal pressure greatly facilitates the controlled addition of water and abrasive into the mixing vessel 31 to maintain a constant mixing ratio.
  • Variants of an automated charging of the mixing container 31 are preferred and can be implemented with comparatively simple technical means. Thus, a continuous operation of the water jet system is guaranteed with little equipment.
  • the diaphragm pump 36 which has a pump chamber 38 limited by a diaphragm 37, sucks in an intake stroke (movement to the left in FIG Fig. 4 ) via an inlet valve 41 from the mixing container 31 suspension and pushes them in a working stroke (movement to the right in Fig. 4 ) via an outlet valve 42 at high pressure in the pressure line 39.
  • the suspension flows through the pressure line 39 (in which a pressure relief valve is arranged to prevent damage to the pump 36 by overpressure) directly to the carbide (tungsten carbide) existing nozzle 44.
  • the pressure in the pressure line 39 may be higher than that of pure water ( Fig. 1 ) from 200 MPa to 15 MPa to 25 MPa, preferably 20 MPa, without impairing the cleaning effect.
  • This allows the use of small dimensioned pressure lines in the form of hoses with diameters below 12 mm.
  • Such hoses have a high flexibility (bending radius less than 50 mm) and are therefore also suitable for use in tight space conditions, as prevail, for example, within the blading of turbines.
  • a diaphragm pump 36 is used instead of a conventional piston pump whose structure and function, for example, in the document US B2-6,899,530 is described. These pumps are commonly used to pump corrosive and abrasive media, but at comparatively low pressures.
  • the sucked suspension is brought to pressures of about 15 MPa to 25 MPa with such a pump.
  • An operation at these pressures is achieved in that the inlet and outlet valves 41, 42, which are subject to a special wear, according FIGS. 5 and 6 have been modified.
  • Diaphragm pumps are volumetric pumps that generate pressure by mechanical displacement of synthetic membranes. To achieve constant pressure and flow, each pump chamber (38 in Fig. 4 ) with two valves (41, 42 in Fig. 4 ) fitted. A pump usually contains three to five such pump chambers. Because of the high flow speed The abrasive suspension when opening the valves are mainly exposed to wear (the erosion is very much dependent on the speed of the eroding particles).
  • the valve 42 'of Fig. 5 includes an (annular) valve sleeve 46 defining a central valve passage 50.
  • a disc-shaped closing element 48 ' is pressed by means of a compression spring 49 against a valve seat 47' at the downstream end of the valve sleeve 46 and thus closes the valve passage 50 and thus the adjacent pump chamber.
  • valve 42 ' A major problem with the valve 42 ' is that if the valve does not close or does not close properly, high local flow velocities will occur at the location of the leakage and the closure member 48' and valve sleeve 46 will erode very severely. Even tungsten carbide valves are eroded in less than half an hour.
  • the reason for the lack of tightness in such standard valves is the lack of centering of the disk-shaped closing element 48 'in the valve bush 46: The closing element 48' does not have sufficient guidance, and because of the (flat) shape of the standard closing element 48 '(ground radius of the valve seat 47th ') there are some areas where there is no surface contact between the closure member 48' and the valve seat 47 'when the closure member 48' is not perfectly centered.
  • valve geometry is according to Fig. 6 been changed.
  • the closing element 48 of the valve 42 now has the shape of a ball or a spherical section. This has the consequence that, even if the closing element 48 is not perfectly centered, 47 surface contact still prevails over the entire circumference of the valve seat and the tightness is ensured. At the same time is the Contact surface on the valve seat 47 has been significantly increased. In addition, all sealing surfaces are ground to achieve a good seal.
  • As the material for the closing element 48 and the valve sleeve 46 tungsten carbide is used. It has been proven that the necessary maintenance intervals can be considerably extended by these measures. Intervals of 50 hours and more have proven to be sufficient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de traitement d'une pièce au moyen d'un jet d'eau (45) contenant un agent abrasif et sortant d'une buse (44) sous haute pression dans lequel, dans une première étape, on prépare dans un récipient de mélange (31) à la pression normale une suspension d'agent abrasif (34) contenant un agent abrasif et de l'eau, on la mélange et on maintient constantes les proportions du mélange, dans lequel, dans une deuxième étape, on aspire la suspension d'agent abrasif préparée (34) au moyen d'une pompe (36) hors du récipient de mélange (31) et la porte à une pression de travail de 15 MPa à 25 MPa plus haut que la pression normale, dans lequel, dans une troisième étape, on envoie la suspension d'agent abrasif (34) se trouvant à la pression de travail à une buse (44) et, dans une quatrième étape, un jet d'eau contenant un agent abrasif sort de la buse (44) pour frapper la surface de la pièce.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, pour la préparation de la suspension d'agent abrasif (34) se trouvant à la pression normale, on maintient le mélange en permanence en mouvement dans le récipient de mélange (31), en particulier au moyen d'un agitateur (32, 33).
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'agent abrasif présente une dureté d'au moins 7 selon l'échelle de Mohs.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les particules d'agent abrasif présentent un diamètre dans la plage de 0,1 mm à 0,3 mm.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on porte la suspension d'agent abrasif (34) à la pression de travail au moyen d'une pompe à membrane (36) et en ce que l'on conduit la suspension d'agent abrasif (34) portée à la pression de travail par une conduite sous pression (39) depuis la sortie de la pompe (36) directement jusqu'à la buse (44).
  6. Installation de jet d'eau (40) destinée à exécuter le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, installation de jet d'eau (40) qui comprend une buse (44) pour la formation d'un jet d'eau (45), qui est raccordée par une conduite sous pression (39) à la sortie d'une pompe (36) produisant une pression, caractérisée en ce que la pompe (36) est une pompe à membrane, qui est raccordée côté entrée, par une conduite d'aspiration (35), à un récipient de mélange (31) contenant une suspension d'agent abrasif (34) et se trouvant à la pression normale pour le mélange et le maintien de proportions de mélange constantes de la suspension d'agent abrasif (34).
  7. Installation de jet d'eau selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la pompe à membrane (36) présente une chambre de pompe (38) limitée par une membrane (37), qui est en communication par une soupape d'entrée (41) avec la conduite d'aspiration (35) et par une soupape de sortie (42) avec la conduite sous pression (39), et en ce que les soupapes (41, 42) comprennent respectivement une douille de soupape (46) formant un passage de soupape central (50), et qui est fermée à son extrémité aval par un élément de fermeture (48) appliqué sur un siège de soupape (47) et précontraint par un ressort contrairement à la direction d'écoulement.
  8. Installation de jet d'eau selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la douille de soupape (46) et l'élément de fermeture (48) des soupapes (41, 42) sont fabriqués en un métal dur, en particulier en carbure de tungstène, et en ce que les sièges de soupape (47) sont rôdés.
  9. Installation de jet d'eau selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de fermeture (48) est de forme conique dans la zone correspondant au siège de soupape (47) et est précontraint dans la direction de fermeture par un ressort de pression (49).
  10. Installation de jet d'eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'une soupape de surpression (43) est disposée dans la conduite sous pression (39).
  11. Installation de jet d'eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le récipient de mélange (31) présente un agitateur (33) équipé d'un moteur (32), et en ce que le récipient de mélange (31) est réalisé sous la forme d'un récipient ouvert.
  12. Application du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 pour des opérations de découpage et/ou de nettoyage sur des composants de centrales électriques, en particulier des chaudières, des échangeurs de chaleur ou des turbines.
EP10180557.0A 2009-10-01 2010-09-28 Procédé de traitement de pièces usinées à l'aide d'un jet d'eau contenant un agent abrasif sortant d'une buse sous haute pression, installation de jet d'eau destiné à exécuter et à appliquer le procédé Not-in-force EP2308646B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009043697A DE102009043697A1 (de) 2009-10-01 2009-10-01 Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Werkstücken mittels eines unter hohem Druck aus einer Düse austretenden schleifmittelhaltigen Wasserstrahls, Wasserstrahlanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie Anwendung des Verfahrens

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EP2308646A1 EP2308646A1 (fr) 2011-04-13
EP2308646B1 true EP2308646B1 (fr) 2014-02-26

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US (1) US8602844B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2308646B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009043697A1 (fr)
MY (1) MY155526A (fr)

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US9011205B2 (en) * 2012-02-15 2015-04-21 General Electric Company Titanium aluminide article with improved surface finish
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Publication number Publication date
US8602844B2 (en) 2013-12-10
AU2010224471A1 (en) 2011-04-21
DE102009043697A1 (de) 2011-04-07
EP2308646A1 (fr) 2011-04-13
MY155526A (en) 2015-10-30
AU2010224471B2 (en) 2016-03-17
US20110081834A1 (en) 2011-04-07

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