EP2299458A2 - Electromagnet - Google Patents

Abstract

The solenoid (1) comprises an armature supported in an armature space (300). The armature space is encircled by a coil carrying a number of windings loaded with current and the magnetic field is generated when the armature is moved against a core. The armature acts on a pin (40), and the armature has a recess on front side when viewed in the movement direction. A structural portion is provided in the recess, and the pin is supported in the structural portion. An independent claim is included for pressure control valve.

Description

The invention relates to an electromagnet which comprises at least one armature mounted in an armature space, wherein the armature space is surrounded by a coil which carries a plurality of electrical windings can be acted upon and which moves when energized magnetic field, the armature against a core, wherein the armature acts on a pin and the armature has a recess on its end face seen in the direction of movement.

A typical area of use for electromagnets are pressure valves, in particular pressure control valves. In this case, the armature moved by the magnetic field of the electromagnet acts on a pin, is the part of a control element that makes a suitable measure in the valve block against a valve set and thus regulates the pressure.

For a guide of the pin, a recess is provided in the armature on its front side viewed in the direction of movement. These preferably blind hole-like recesses receives one end of the pin. In this case, the end face of the armature defined by the direction of movement of the armature when subjected to current (lifting movement). In this case, the front side of the armature and the core and the valve block is facing or immersed in this. In particular, the front side determines the front side of the armature during the lifting movement. In this case, the pin is supported in the recess such that the lifting movement of the armature, which is usually a linear movement in the axial direction of the armature (and pin) is transmitted to the pin.

In pressure control valves with generic electromagnet, the armature space is completely filled with oil to avoid hydraulic vibrations of the armature movement to avoid natural oscillations of the control pressure. For this purpose, the anchor is designed with longitudinal and transverse bores, which allows a defined oil exchange between the different oil chambers during the armature movement. In the prior art, it is known to produce this bore machining, in particular in the region of the recess, a corresponding blind hole is provided to give a support of the pin in the anchor.

This machining production represents a considerable effort in terms of degree of prevention, degree removal and cleanliness, which leads to a corresponding production cost.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnet, the easier and therefore cheaper to manufacture.

To achieve this object, the invention is based on an electromagnet, as described above, and proposes that a molded part is inserted into the recess and the pin is supported in the molded part.

The proposal according to the invention eliminates the machining of the blind hole and the associated problems. Often it then remains with only one axially through the armature passing hole, which has much less reworking effort. Instead of the paragraph according to the invention the use of a, for example, produced by a stamping-bending process molded part is now used, which is much cheaper to produce than the machining realization of the anchor. Alternatively, the invention provides to produce the molded part as a deep-drawn or turned part.

In a preferred variant of the invention it is provided that the edge of the molded part, which is turned over to the outside, is supported on the anchor. Often, the armature is rotationally symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal axis and carries as concentrically arranged the molded part. The recess is likewise concentrically incorporated into the armature and the molded part produced in a stamping, swaging or deep-drawing step is substantially hat-shaped, with its laterally projecting, recessed rim resting on the annular end surface bordering the recess. In such a configuration, a very simple assembly is achieved, wherein the molded part can be easily inserted, for example, by a certain conical configuration in the recess, but the whole assembly is equipped with a certain fit or fit to secure connection of the molded part in the To ensure recess.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the armature is formed by an anchor body which receives an anchor rod and the molded part is arranged in the anchor rod. In particular for the design of the armature, there are several variants in the prior art. The solution according to the invention encompasses all possible variants of the solution, namely those in which the armature is designed in one or more parts. Thus, it is possible that the armature comprises only one anchor body, which is equipped with the corresponding holes and has a recess for receiving the molding. In another variant, an anchor rod is connected to the anchor body, wherein the anchor rod with respect to the direction of movement of the armature is longer than the anchor body, in particular one or both sides protrudes beyond this. In this case, the anchor rod takes on additional management tasks, since this is performed, for example, in corresponding pockets of the core of the electromagnet. It is also possible by the multi-part design by the choice of the material of the anchor body and the anchor rod to influence the switching behavior of the anchor accordingly. Of course, this multi-partiness is also favorable in terms of manufacturing costs, since both elements can be optimized accordingly.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the armature or the anchor rod has an axial through-opening optionally also with different diameters. The axial penetration opening is parallel or substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the armature and also includes the recess.

Through the axial penetration opening, the interior of the armature is used so that it is filled with the liquid to be controlled, for example oil, and thus a hydraulic Damping of the armature movement is achieved.

For this purpose, another embodiment of the invention is also used according to which at least one transverse bore is arranged on the armature or in the anchor body or the anchor rod, which is oriented substantially transverse to the direction of movement of the armature. The transverse bore is also preferably rectangular, but at least arranged transversely (acute angle) to the axial penetration opening. Preferably, the transverse bore opens into the penetration opening. In addition to the possibility of allowing a defined oil exchange between the different oil chambers and thus to dampen movement of the armature, this embodiment also achieves a corresponding mass reduction of the armature and therefore a fast response, switching or control behavior with the same other parameters.

A significant cost reduction is achieved in particular by the variant according to the invention, in which the armature, the anchor body or the anchor rod is formed as a section of a tubular profile. Characteristic feature of the tube profile is that this has to be machined without cutting, having an axial penetration opening. In this case, a corresponding pipe profile has sufficient accuracy on its lateral surface, since the lateral surface carries out corresponding guiding and storage tasks. The use of a tubular profile a significant production advantage is achieved, since the complex machining processing for producing the penetration opening is saved.

An existing of a pipe profile anchor rod is also referred to as anchor tube.

The penetration opening on the one hand but also the transverse bore on the other hand makes a connection between the anchor interior and the armature space or flooded by the hydraulic fluid valve block.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, not only on the front side, ie on the side facing the valve block, a recess is provided, but also on the rear side opposite the front side of the armature, a recess is also arranged, which receives a molded part. By arranging a molded part on the back of the armature is achieved that are mounted and supported on the back of corresponding elements in the anchor. The design is chosen in the same way as on the front side, the molding is optionally at least partially conical in order to achieve easier insertion into the recess on the back, the molding also has a umgebörtenden outwardly edge to on the Raised and lie back pipe back.

In order to achieve a provision of the armature in the non-energized state, a return spring is provided, which is supported in the molded part on the front side. When current is applied to the winding of the coil, a magnetic field is generated which causes the armature to move forward and make the desired stroke. In this case, the armature is moved in the direction of the core or valve block and offset in the same way and the pin mounted in the recess. This movement takes place against the return spring, which is correspondingly compressed or compressed. Now, if the power is turned off or reduced, then relaxes the return spring and offset the armature against the tightening direction or stroke direction back, the front side moves away from the core.

In a variant of the invention, the molding is pot-shaped or hat-shaped. By bordered to the outside edge of the molded part is a contact surface of the molded part of the ring-like Anchor end face reached. Such an embodiment of the molded part can be produced inexpensively, for example, in a shaping processing step (for example deep drawing, countersinking or embossing).

Cleverly, a thin-walled molding is provided, the use of a thin-walled molding saves weight and is favorable for the anchor dynamics. A relatively thin-walled molding can also be easily edited.

Advantageously, the material thickness of the molded part is less than 20% of the anchor diameter or the anchor rod, preferably less than 10% of the diameter of the armature or anchor rod, in particular less than 8% of the diameter of the armature or the anchor rod.

In a preferred variant of the invention it is provided that damping openings are arranged at the bottom of the molded part. The bottom of the molded part closes the recess, which receives the pin and / or the return spring, from the rest of the anchor interior. The arrangement of one or more damping openings, it is possible that hydraulic fluid can flow through the recess in the anchor interior. Cleverly while the damping openings are integrated in the production step of the molded part, for example by a corresponding punching operation. This results in a stamping process, which is low feasible. It has been found that the damping behavior is improved by the arrangement of the damping holes in a relatively thin-walled molding, as is also proposed according to the invention. It is achieved a more constant damping behavior over the entire operating temperature range, since the damping holes sharp and shorter (with a corresponding thin-walled design of the molding) can be executed and thus only a little of the Have temperature-dependent or temperature-independent aperture characteristic.

For the design of the molded part, there are a plurality of manufacturing variants. On a variant as a stamped bent part has already been discussed several times. The result of this is that the molded part preferably consists of metal, in particular steel, magnetizable metals or non-magnetizable metals, steels or low-magnetizable metals, steels, light metals or the like. The materials commonly known for the construction of magnetic components can be used here accordingly.

On these materials, the invention is not limited, it is possible to form the molded part as a plastic injection molded part, which has the advantage of achieving a corresponding reduction in weight. Preferably, the molded part is then formed, for example, from plastic or fiber-reinforced plastic (for example with glass fiber or carbon fiber). Of course, it is possible to use correspondingly high-strength or sufficiently temperature-resistant plastics, if this requires the field of application of the electromagnet or the pressure valve likewise encompassed by the invention.

The invention therefore comprises not only an electromagnet, but also relates to a pressure control valve, in particular pressure control valve consisting of an electromagnet as described, wherein the pin which is mounted and guided in the recess carries a control piece and the control piece with a sealing seat of the valve interacts.

Usually, a corresponding valve seat is provided in the valve block and between the valve seat and the control piece, a gap is formed, the size of the valve characteristic, especially responsible for the pressure reduction. Due to the position of the armature, therefore, a positioning of the control piece with respect to the sealing seat is achieved and thus regulated the pressure.

In the event that the invention is used for example in a hydraulic or pneumatic valve, it is favorable that the armature space or the interior of the armature or anchor rod is filled with the medium to be controlled.

Fig. 1, 2

je in einer Schnittdarstellung, verschiedene Varianten des erfin- dungsgemäßen Elektromagneten

In the drawing, the invention is shown schematically in particular in one embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1, 2

each in a sectional view, different variants of the inventive electromagnet

In the figures, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals and therefore, if not appropriate, will not be described again.

In the drawing show Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show in two different variants, the electromagnet invention 1. Exactly Fig. 1 and 2 the detail of the electromagnet 1 which is essential to the invention, the valve block 4 being connected to the electromagnet 1 in the lower region.

The electromagnet 1 is formed by a coil (not shown) which can be acted upon by electric current and which surrounds the armature space 300. In the armature space 300 is longitudinally movable (double arrow 35), the armature 3 is mounted. Cores 10, 11 are provided for guiding the magnetic field, wherein a first core 10 is located in the area of the electromagnet facing away from the valve block 4, the other, second core 11 is located between the armature space 300 and the valve block 4.

When current is applied to the windings of the coil, the armature 3 is pulled down against the restoring force of the return spring 38 (see double arrow 35). When the current flowing through the windings is reduced or when it is switched off, the restoring spring 38 presses the armature 3 against the lifting movement upward (FIG. see double arrow 35).

In the embodiment shown here, the armature 3 consists of several parts. An anchor body 31, whose Außendurchmesser (almost) corresponds to the diameter of the armature space 300, has a centrally disposed, the anchor body 31 penetrating over its entire axial length opening or bore into which the anchor rod 32 is inserted. The anchor body 31 and anchor rod 32 are caulked together by a mechanical Prozegs and therefore connected. This caulking is marked with 302. In this embodiment, the armature 3 consists of the anchor body 31 and the anchor rod 32nd

The anchor rod 32 has a smaller outer diameter than the anchor body 31, however, the anchor rod 32 in the embodiment shown here projects beyond the anchor body 31 in the axial longitudinal direction on both sides. The cores 10, 11 in this case have corresponding receiving pockets 12, 13, whose inner diameter is selected so that the outer surface of the anchor rod 32 give a guide here.

The application of the solenoid 1 according to the invention shown here is in a pressure valve, in particular a pressure control valve. Therefore, the solenoid 1 is an integral part in such an application and acts on a corresponding control element. The control element comprises a control piece 41 and acts due to the position of the armature with a sealing seat 42 together to give a corresponding control of the pressure curve.

The control piece 41 is arranged on a pin 40. One end of the pin 40 ends in the region of the armature 3. For this purpose, a recess 30 is provided in the armature 3 at the front end (36) into which the pin 40 protrudes.

For example, the recess 30 is part of a penetration opening 33 penetrating the armature 3 over its entire axial length. The penetration opening has, for example, a diameter of 1 mm, and optionally also 1 mm to 6 mm or greater, depending on the application.

Through the penetration opening is achieved that the anchor interior 301 is in communication with the armature space 300, in particular, the medium to be controlled between the anchor interior 301 and the armature space 300 is interchangeable. In order to achieve an even better exchange between the anchor interior 301 and the armature space 300, transverse bores 34 are additionally provided in the anchor rod 32, which adjoin the anchor body 31 on both sides.

According to the invention, the penetration opening 33 is seen in the axial direction, consistent or with variable cross-section.

The tightening movement of the armature 3 is directed downward in the embodiment shown here. That is, also the stroke of the electromagnet is directed downward, against the force of the return spring 38. The front boundary surface in the stroke direction is described in the sense of the invention as end face 36. At this end face is a preferably coaxially arranged recess 30, in which the molded part 2 is inserted.

The molded part 2 is hat-shaped, wherein the edge 22 turned to the outside on the annular boundary surface of Anchor 3 rests on its end face 36. The molded part 2 is worked on fit such that it sits well in the recess 30.

The arrangement is chosen so that the depth of the molded part 2 is less than the distance of the transverse bore 34 to the end face. This avoids that the molded part 2, the transverse bore 34 partially or completely covered. The molded part 2 is formed substantially hat- or pot-like and has a bottom 20 which is equipped with corresponding damping openings 21. Through the damping opening 21, it is possible that oil, gas or another medium to be controlled from the region of the recess 30 in the region of the penetration opening 33, in particular in the anchor interior 301 can flow through and so suitably the entire armature space 300 including the armature space 301 is filled with the medium to be controlled.

Of course, the bottom 20 also has a support surface 23 on which the end of the pin 40 rests. During lifting movement of the armature 3 (double arrow 35), this lifting movement is transmitted to the floating in the recess 30 pin 40 and thus on the pin 40 fixedly arranged control piece 41 on the support surface 23 of the molded part. The distance of the control piece 41 from the sealing seat 42 changes accordingly.

In the embodiment shown here, the molded part 2 is relatively thin-walled, it is only about 4% to 8% of the diameter of the anchor rod.

Usually, the molding has a wall thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 mm.

It is good to see that the penetration opening 33 does not pass through the anchor rod 32 with a constant cross section, but in the edge region in the region of the recess 30, the penetration opening 33 expands. In this case, the transverse bore 34 is flush with the anchor body 31 and thus also defines the region in which the widening of the penetration opening 33 begins. In this area of the expansion is then the recess 30, in which the molded part 2 is inserted or pressed, caulked or fitted.

In the in Fig. 1 In the embodiment shown, the anchor rod 32 is formed, for example, from a solid material, in which at least the region of the recess 30 (on both sides) and possibly also the axially extending penetration opening 33 has been worked out by the machining. Opposite shows Fig. 2 another variant. Again, the armature 3 consists of two elements, the anchor body 31 and the anchor rod 32, which has an axially extending Durchdringungsöffnnung 33. However, in this embodiment, the radius of the penetration opening 33 in the axial direction along the anchor rod 32 is constant, as is typical, for example, in an anchor rod 32 designed as profiled goods. In this case, you could also use the term anchor tube instead of the term anchor rod 32. In such an embodiment, the production costs are reduced even further, since no machining of the anchor rod is necessary. As already at Fig. 1 executed, also owns the variant Fig. 2 a recess 30 on the end face 36, this has the same diameter as the penetration opening 33 by the way. In this a molded part 2 is inserted with a cylindrical outer surface. In the embodiment shown here, however, a recess 39 is also provided on the rear side 36 facing away from the end face 36, in which also a molded part 2 'is inserted. At its front, the bottom 20 'facing the end 24, the molded part 2 is conical. Starting at the top of the edge 22 'inwards, the embodiment is rather cylindrical.

In the second, upper recess 39 on the back 37 of the armature 3, which is formed by the molded part 2 ', for example, an adjusting spring (not shown) is provided.

The claims now filed with the application and later are attempts to formulate without prejudice to the attainment of further protection.

If, on closer examination, in particular also of the relevant prior art, it appears that one or the other feature is beneficial for the purpose of the invention, but not of decisive importance, it is of course already desired to formulate such a feature , in particular in the main claim, no longer having.

It should further be noted that the embodiments and variants of the invention described in the various embodiments and shown in the figures can be combined with one another as desired. Here, one or more features are arbitrarily interchangeable. These feature combinations are also disclosed with.

The references cited in the dependent claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the main claim by the features of the respective subclaim. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining independent, objective protection for the features of the dependent claims.

Features that have hitherto been disclosed only in the description may be claimed in the course of the method as of essential importance to the invention, for example to distinguish from the prior art.

Features that have been disclosed only in the description, or Even individual features from claims comprising a plurality of features can be taken over at any time to distinguish them from the prior art in the first claim, even if such features were mentioned in connection with other features or particularly favorable in connection with other features Achieve results.

Claims (15)

An electromagnet, at least comprising an armature mounted in an armature space, wherein the armature space is surrounded by a coil which carries a plurality of windings can be acted upon by electrical current and the resulting magnetic field when moving the armature against a core, wherein the armature on a, pin acts and the armature on its seen in the direction of movement end face has a recess, characterized in that a molded part (2) in the recess (30) is inserted and the pin (40) in the molded part (2) is supported. Electromagnet according to Claim 1, characterized in that the edge (22) of the molded part (2) , which is turned to the outside, is supported on the armature (3). Electromagnet according to one or both of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature (3) is formed by an anchor body (31) which receives an anchor rod (32) and the molded part (2) in the anchor rod (32) is arranged. Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature (3), or the anchor rod (32) has an axial penetration opening (33), optionally also with different diameters. Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature (3), the anchor body (31) or the anchor rod (32) is designed as a section of a tubular profile. Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the armature (3), the anchor body (31) or the anchor rod (32) at least one transverse bore (34) is arranged, which is substantially transversely to the direction of movement (35) of Anchor (3) is oriented. Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the, the front side (36) opposite the rear side (37) of the armature (3) in a further recess (39) is arranged a molded part (3 ') and / or itself in the molded part (3) a return spring (38) is supported. Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded part (3) is pot-shaped or hat-shaped. Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a thin-walled molded part (3). Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that damping openings (21) are provided on the bottom (20) of the molded part (3). Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded part (3) is formed as a stamped and bent part, as a deep-drawn or turned part. Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded part (3) is designed as a plastic injection-molded part. Electromagnet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded part (3) consists of metal, steel, light metal, plastic or fiber-reinforced plastic. Pressure valve, in particular pressure control valve, consisting of an electric agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the pin carries a control piece and the control piece cooperates with a sealing seat of the valve block. Pressure valve according to claim 15, characterized in that the armature space (300) or the interior (301, 33) of the armature (3) or the anchor rod (32) is filled with the medium to be controlled.

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