EP2292844B2 - Cutter for generating a road marking and road marking - Google Patents

Cutter for generating a road marking and road marking Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2292844B2
EP2292844B2 EP10164541.4A EP10164541A EP2292844B2 EP 2292844 B2 EP2292844 B2 EP 2292844B2 EP 10164541 A EP10164541 A EP 10164541A EP 2292844 B2 EP2292844 B2 EP 2292844B2
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Prior art keywords
cutting
convex
road
curve
concave
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EP10164541.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2292844B1 (en
EP2292844A3 (en
EP2292844A2 (en
Inventor
Stefan Abresch
Christian Berning
Michael Schulz
Cyrus Barimani
Guenter Haehn
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Wirtgen GmbH
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Wirtgen GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
    • E01C23/09—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges
    • E01C23/0993—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges for forming or installing surface markings or signals in the paving, e.g. grooving for striping or for producing rumble strips, forming marker-receiving recesses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/529—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users specially adapted for signalling by sound or vibrations, e.g. rumble strips; specially adapted for enforcing reduced speed, e.g. speed bumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cutting body for generating a road marking with a rotating body rotatable about an axis of rotation, which can interchangeably accommodate a plurality of cutting elements which define a cutting curve.
  • a road milling machine with a cutting body which has a milling drum tube as a rotating body.
  • the roller surface is barrel-shaped and convex in the direction of the axis of rotation. It holds chisel holders in which chisels can be exchangeably held.
  • the chisels are equipped with carbide tips that serve as cutting elements.
  • the carbide tips form a convex cutting curve in the direction of the axis of rotation of the milling drum tube. This convex cutting curve results during the rotation of the rotating body.
  • a concave trough is produced transversely to the longitudinal extent of the roadway. Due to the circular cross-section of the rotating body, the depression has a concave shape even in the longitudinal direction.
  • a plurality of depressions are milled into the lane at an equal spacing from one another. The road marking thus forms a deliberate geometric unevenness in the road. When rolling over with a vehicle tire, noises and vibrations occur which are perceived by the driver and which signal him to leave the road, for example.
  • the road markings thus have the function and task of emitting an acoustic and haptic warning signal.
  • this noise source is sometimes perceived as disturbing by the surrounding area adjacent to the road.
  • Another disadvantage of the known road markings arises when driving over with a two-wheeler. The two-wheeler is moved laterally, which can then trigger dangerous steering corrections for the driver. If rainwater collects in the depressions, the driving situation of the two-wheeler can also become unstable.
  • a cutting body for producing a road marking is known.
  • a rotary body which has a large number of cutting elements.
  • the cutting elements are formed by diamond particles that are attached to a contoured surface of the rotating body.
  • the rotating body forms a cutting curve with the cutting elements.
  • the cutting curve is formed by four convex elevations and three concave transition sections.
  • the concave transition sections merge into these between the convex elevations.
  • This known cutting body can be set in rotation during the use of the tool and placed on the road surface to be machined.
  • the cutting bodies grind themselves into the road surface.
  • Line-shaped depressions can thus be introduced into the roadway. These line-shaped depressions serve to receive color, so that, for example, road side markings can be generated. Due to the grinding technology used, the indentations in the road surface can only be created with a low penetration depth.
  • Cutting bodies with which road markings can be milled into the road surface are also known from the prior art.
  • the US 2004/0005190 A1 shows such an arrangement.
  • Interchangeable cutting teeth are mounted on a cylindrical cutting roller.
  • the cutting teeth are positioned with respect to one another in a predetermined arrangement.
  • the cutting roller can be rotated.
  • the roller rotating device is assigned a lifting device which periodically raises and lowers the cutting roller.
  • the lifting and lowering movement is superimposed on a linear movement of the construction vehicle along the direction of the road. This creates a cutting movement, with each cutting tooth lifting a comma-shaped chip out of the road surface.
  • This essentially results in part-circular recesses in the road surface. Such recesses are unsuitable for use as vibrating strips.
  • Vibrating strips form deliberate geometric bumps in the road.
  • noises and vibrations occur which are perceived by the driver and which signal him to leave the road, for example.
  • the road markings according to the D2 result in sharp-edged transitions between the road surface and the road marking. These jagged transitions move a two-wheeler sideways when driving over it, which can then trigger dangerous steering corrections for the driver.
  • a relatively large amount of water collects in the depressions, which further unstabilizes the driving situation of the two-wheeler. It has also proven to be disadvantageous that there is a relatively high level of noise when driving over, which is sometimes perceived as annoying in the area adjacent to the road.
  • the cutting curve forms a concave cutting area in the direction of the axis of rotation, and that a concave cutting area connects to the convex cutting area on both sides.
  • depressions for road markings can be milled, in which the road surface is continuously transferred over the convex area into the concave floor.
  • the geometry of the lane markings also enables a two-wheeler to drive over it more easily and to reduce side distortion that unsettles the driver.
  • the volume formed by the depression is reduced with the convex region of the depression. This means that less water can collect in it, which significantly reduces the risk of instability of a two-wheeler on wet roads.
  • the rotary body has a fastening surface on which tool holders are fastened, which can receive the cutting elements interchangeably, that the fastening surface has a convex fastening section assigned to the convex cutting region and one has the concave cutting portion associated concave attachment portion.
  • the cutting curve can be generated in a simple manner using the same bit holder and cutting elements.
  • the concave cutting areas ends at the end facing away from the convex cutting area in an end area parallel to the axis of rotation. In this way, a harmonious transition to the road surface is created in the recess, which withstands particularly robust mechanical loads.
  • the radius of the convex cutting area is between 200 mm and 400 mm, and / or that the radius of the concave cutting area is between 400 mm and 800 mm, then corresponding geometries result at the depression, which have a reduced influence on the Sufficient noise can be generated by the tire guide.
  • a cutting body according to the invention can be characterized in that a fastening flange is arranged in the hollow area enclosed by the rotating body and that the fastening flange is coupled to the rotating body on the inner wall section assigned to the convex cutting area.
  • the fastening flange is thus fixed in the thickened section of the rotary body formed by the convex cutting area in a manner optimized for strength.
  • road markings can be produced in the form of depressions, the depressions having two lateral longitudinal walls running in the longitudinal direction of the road, which merge into a floor area, the depressions being delimited by two transverse walls running transverse to the direction of the road, with a convex area at least one of the longitudinal walls in a concave area of the floor is transferred and / or wherein the convex area of at least one of the side walls is transferred into the road surface.
  • depressions are created that have little impact on the lateral guidance of the wheel.
  • the transverse walls can have a concave region which is passed directly or indirectly into the road surface. Then a sufficiently high sound pressure is created when the wheel hits the transverse wall.
  • the depressions can be spaced apart from one another in the same division grid to form the road marking, or it is conceivable that the individual depressions directly adjoin one another.
  • Figure 1 shows a cutting body having a roller-shaped rotating body 10.
  • the rotary body 10 is tubular and has a cylindrical inner receptacle, which is formed by the jacket of the rotary body 10.
  • a fastening flange 11 with fastening receptacles 12 is arranged in the inner receptacle, to which the output shaft of a drive train can be flanged.
  • the jacket of the rotary body 10 forms a support part 13 with a barrel-shaped circumferential fastening surface 14.
  • the fastening surface 14 is composed of a central convex fastening section 14.2 and two concave fastening sections 14.1 adjoining it laterally.
  • the concave fastening sections 14.1 merge directly into the convex fastening section 14.2.
  • On the two mounting sections 14.1 and 14.2 are tool holder changing systems, consisting of a base part and a tool holder 20 which can be exchangeably fastened to it.
  • the base parts are welded to the fastening sections 14.1, 14.2.
  • the base parts are arranged offset to one another in the circumferential direction, so that there are clearing and loading turns that run spirally on the fastening sections 14.1, 14.2.
  • the chisel holders 20 are welded directly onto the fastening sections 14.1, 14.2, so that base parts can be dispensed with.
  • the chisel holders 20 have chisel holders in which chisels 21, preferably round-shank chisels, can be exchangeably received.
  • the chisels 21 are equipped with cutting elements which, when the rotary body 10 rotates about the axis of rotation R, define a cutting curve 15.
  • the cutting curve 15 forms a kind of envelope.
  • the cutting curve 15 forms a convex cutting area 15.2 and laterally adjoining concave cutting areas 15.1 corresponding to the configuration of the fastening sections 14.1, 14.2.
  • the radius R 1 of the concave cutting areas 15.1 is preferably between 400 mm and 800 mm.
  • the particularly preferred ratio R 1 : R 2 of approximately 2: 1 can be set.
  • the cutting body can be used to mill road markings, consisting of depressions 31 arranged in a row one behind the other, into the roadway 30.
  • the recess 31 has a concave bottom 31.2 complementary to the cutting curve 15 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the roadway, of which two convex longitudinal walls 31.1 rising up.
  • the longitudinal walls 31.1 merge into the road surface 32.
  • the transverse walls 31.3 running transversely to the longitudinal extent of the roadway are concavely curved in accordance with the circumference of the roller.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment variant in which the cutting body is fed perpendicular to the road surface 32 and after the cutting body has reached its deepest infeed position is reset again before it is offset by the desired division in the longitudinal direction of the road, etc.
  • Figure 4 shows one too Figure 3 changed procedure.
  • the cutting body is not reset above the level of the road surface 32, but is continuously advanced to the lowest infeed position during the feed movement along the longitudinal direction of the road and is returned to the level of the road surface, so that the depressions 31 are lined up directly.
  • the feed and reset movement can be coordinated with the feed movement in such a way that an alternating arrangement of convex and concave curved regions of the depression is likewise produced in the longitudinal direction of the carriageway. It can thereby be achieved that each individual depression of the series of depressions in the longitudinal section receives a curve shape similar to that of the cross section.
  • Figure 5a shows a cutting body 10 according to the prior art, which generates a cylindrical envelope with its chisels 21.
  • 10 road markings 31 with a partially cylindrical geometry can be milled with this cutting body, such as Figure 5b shows. That the Figure 5b removed enlarged detail acc.
  • Figure 5c shows that this road markings 31 rugged 90 ° transition between the road surface 32 and the subsequent longitudinal wall 31.1 results.
  • Figure 6a shows a further cutting body 10 according to the prior art (for example according to FIG US 6,547,484 B2 ).
  • the chisels 21 produce a spherical cutting curve.
  • This cutting body results in 10 road markings 31 of the in Figure 6b shown form.
  • Figure 6c shows one of the Figure 6b extracted detail. It can be seen here that the transition from the road surface 32 into the longitudinal side walls 31.1 compared to the variant of FIG Figures 5b and 5c is clearly flattened, but still forms a relatively steep transition.
  • Figure 7a shows the cutting body 10 according to improved comparison.
  • Figure 1 shows the cutting body 10 according to improved comparison.
  • Figure 7b circa Figure 2 and Figure 7c shows that the Figure 7b Enlarged detail marked with Vllc. It can clearly be seen that, according to the invention, an improved transition between the road surface 32 and the longitudinal wall 31.1 can be designed. This advantage is demonstrated by the Figures 8 to 11 further clarified.
  • Figure 8 is the result of the cross-section.
  • Figure 6b resulting contour of the road marking 31 is drawn as a curve in a coordinate system.
  • Figure 10 shows analogously the curve of the lane marking acc. Figure 7b .

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schneidkörper zur Erzeugung einer Fahrbahnmarkierung mit einem um eine Rotationsachse drehbaren Rotationskörper, der eine Vielzahl von Schneidelementen auswechselbar aufnehmen kann, die eine Schneidkurve festlegen.The invention relates to a cutting body for generating a road marking with a rotating body rotatable about an axis of rotation, which can interchangeably accommodate a plurality of cutting elements which define a cutting curve.

Aus der US 6,547,484 B2 ist eine Straßenfräsmaschine mit einem Schneidkörper bekannt, der als Rotationskörper ein Fräswalzenrohr aufweist. Die Walzenoberfläche ist tonnenförmig gestaltet und in Richtung der Rotationsachse konvex gewölbt. Sie nimmt Meißelhalter auf, in denen Meißel auswechselbar aufgenommen werden können. Die Meißel sind mit Hartmetallspitzen ausgestattet, die als Schneidelemente dienen. Entsprechend der konvexen Wölbung der Walzenoberfläche bilden die Hartmetallspitzen in Richtung der Rotationsachse des Fräswalzenrohrs eine konvexe Schneidkurve. Diese konvexe Schneidkurve ergibt sich während der Drehung des Rotationskörpers. Wenn der drehende Schneidkörper in Richtung der zu bearbeitenden Fahrbahnoberfläche zugestellt wird, dann schneiden die Meißel eine Vertiefung aus der Fahrbahn aus. Entsprechend der konvexen Wölbung der Schneidkurve wird quer zur Längserstreckung der Fahrbahn entsprechend eine konkave Muldung erzeugt. Aufgrund des kreisrunden Querschnitts des Rotationskörpers hat die Vertiefung auch in Längserstreckung eine konkave Form. Zur Erzeugung einer Fahrbahnmarkierung werden mehrere Vertiefungen zueinander in gleicher Teilung beabstandet in die Fahrbahn eingefräst. Die Fahrbahnmarkierung bildet somit eine gewollte geometrische Unebenheit in der Fahrbahn. Beim Überrollen mit einem Fahrzeugreifen entstehen Geräusche und Vibrationen, die vom Fahrer wahrgenommen werden und die ihm beispielsweise ein Verlassen der Fahrbahn signalisieren.From the US 6,547,484 B2 a road milling machine with a cutting body is known which has a milling drum tube as a rotating body. The roller surface is barrel-shaped and convex in the direction of the axis of rotation. It holds chisel holders in which chisels can be exchangeably held. The chisels are equipped with carbide tips that serve as cutting elements. In accordance with the convex curvature of the roller surface, the carbide tips form a convex cutting curve in the direction of the axis of rotation of the milling drum tube. This convex cutting curve results during the rotation of the rotating body. When the rotating cutting body in the direction of machined road surface, then the chisels cut a recess from the road. Corresponding to the convex curvature of the cutting curve, a concave trough is produced transversely to the longitudinal extent of the roadway. Due to the circular cross-section of the rotating body, the depression has a concave shape even in the longitudinal direction. To create a lane marking, a plurality of depressions are milled into the lane at an equal spacing from one another. The road marking thus forms a deliberate geometric unevenness in the road. When rolling over with a vehicle tire, noises and vibrations occur which are perceived by the driver and which signal him to leave the road, for example.

Die Fahrbahnmarkierungen haben somit die Funktion und Aufgabe der Abgabe eines akustischen und haptischen Warnsignals. Diese Geräuschquelle wird aber von der an die Fahrbahn anschließende Umgebung mitunter als störend empfunden. Ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Fahrbahnmarkierungen ergibt sich beim Überfahren mit einem Zweirad. Dabei wird das Zweirad seitlich versetzt, was beim Fahrer dann gefährliche Lenkkorrekturen auslösen kann. Wenn sich in den Vertiefungen Regenwasser ansammelt, dann kann zudem die Fahrsituation des Zweirades instabil werden.The road markings thus have the function and task of emitting an acoustic and haptic warning signal. However, this noise source is sometimes perceived as disturbing by the surrounding area adjacent to the road. Another disadvantage of the known road markings arises when driving over with a two-wheeler. The two-wheeler is moved laterally, which can then trigger dangerous steering corrections for the driver. If rainwater collects in the depressions, the driving situation of the two-wheeler can also become unstable.

In der US 3,554,606 ist ein Schneidkörper zur Erzeugung einer Fahrbahnmarkierung bekannt. Dabei ist ein Rotationskörper verwendet, der eine Vielzahl von Schneidelementen aufweist. Die Schneidelemente werden dabei von Diamantpartikeln gebildet, die auf einer konturierten Oberfläche des Rotationskörpers befestigt sind. Der Rotationskörper bildet mit den Schneidelementen eine Schneidkurve. Die Schneidkurve ist dabei von vier konvexen Erhebungen und drei konkaven Übergangsabschnitten gebildet. Die konkaven Übergangsabschnitte gehen zwischen den konvexen Erhebungen in diese über. Dieser bekannte Schneidkörper kann während des Werkzeugeinsatzes in Rotationsbewegung versetzt werden und auf die zu bearbeitende Fahrbahnoberfläche aufgesetzt werden. Dabei schleifen sich die Schneidkörper in die Fahrbahnoberfläche ein. Der Rotationsbewegung ist eine Linearbewegung überlagert, die parallel zur Fahrbahn verläuft. Damit können linienförmige Vertiefungen in die Fahrbahn eingebracht werden. Diese linienförmigen Vertiefungen dienen zur Aufnahme von Farbe, so dass sich beispielsweise Fahrbahn-Seitenmarkierungen erzeugen lassen. Aufgrund der verwendeten Schleiftechnik lassen sich die Eintiefungen in die Fahrbahnoberfläche nur mit geringer Eindringtiefe erstellen.In the US 3,554,606 a cutting body for producing a road marking is known. A rotary body is used which has a large number of cutting elements. The cutting elements are formed by diamond particles that are attached to a contoured surface of the rotating body. The rotating body forms a cutting curve with the cutting elements. The cutting curve is formed by four convex elevations and three concave transition sections. The concave transition sections merge into these between the convex elevations. This known cutting body can be set in rotation during the use of the tool and placed on the road surface to be machined. The cutting bodies grind themselves into the road surface. Of the Rotational movement is superimposed on a linear movement that runs parallel to the road. Line-shaped depressions can thus be introduced into the roadway. These line-shaped depressions serve to receive color, so that, for example, road side markings can be generated. Due to the grinding technology used, the indentations in the road surface can only be created with a low penetration depth.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind auch Schneidkörper bekannt, mit denen sich Fahrbahnmarkierungen in die Straßenoberfläche einfräsen lassen. Die US 2004/0005190 A1 zeigt eine solche Anordnung. Hierbei sind auf einer zylindrischen Schneidwalze auswechselbare Schneidzähne montiert. Die Schneidzähne sind in einer vorbestimmten Anordnung zueinander positioniert. Die Schneidwalze kann in Drehbewegung versetzt werden. Der Walzendrehvorrichtung ist eine Hubvorrichtung zugeordnet, die die Schneidwalze periodisch anhebt und senkt. Während des Betriebseinsatzes wird der Heb- und Senkbewegung eine Linearbewegung des Baumaschinenfahrzeuges längs der Fahrbahnrichtung überlagert. Hierdurch wird eine Schneidbewegung erzeugt, wobei jeder Schneidzahn einen kommaförmigen Span aus der Fahrbahnoberfläche aushebt. Dadurch ergeben sich im Wesentlichen teilkreisförmige Ausnehmungen in der Fahrbahnoberfläche. Solche Ausnehmungen sind zur Verwendung als Rüttelstreifen ungeeignet. Rüttelstreifen bilden gewollte geometrische Unebenheiten in der Fahrbahn. Beim Überrollen mit einem Fahrzeugreifen entstehen Geräusche und Vibrationen, die vom Fahrer wahrgenommen werden und die ihm beispielsweise ein Verlassen der Fahrbahn signalisieren. Bei den Fahrbahnmarkierungen gemäß der D2 entstehen scharfkantige Übergänge zwischen der Fahrbahnoberfläche und der Fahrbahnmarkierung. Diese schroffen Übergänge versetzen ein Zweirad beim Überfahren seitlich, was beim Fahrer dann gefährliche Lenkkorrekturen auslösen kann. Zudem sammelt sich relativ viel Wasser in den Vertiefungen an, was die Fahrsituation des Zweirades weiter instabilisiert. Als nachteilig hat sich zudem erwiesen, dass eine relativ starke Geräuschentwicklung beim Überfahren entsteht, was in der an die Fahrbahn anschließenden Umgebung mitunter als störend empfunden wird.Cutting bodies with which road markings can be milled into the road surface are also known from the prior art. The US 2004/0005190 A1 shows such an arrangement. Interchangeable cutting teeth are mounted on a cylindrical cutting roller. The cutting teeth are positioned with respect to one another in a predetermined arrangement. The cutting roller can be rotated. The roller rotating device is assigned a lifting device which periodically raises and lowers the cutting roller. During operation, the lifting and lowering movement is superimposed on a linear movement of the construction vehicle along the direction of the road. This creates a cutting movement, with each cutting tooth lifting a comma-shaped chip out of the road surface. This essentially results in part-circular recesses in the road surface. Such recesses are unsuitable for use as vibrating strips. Vibrating strips form deliberate geometric bumps in the road. When rolling over with a vehicle tire, noises and vibrations occur which are perceived by the driver and which signal him to leave the road, for example. The road markings according to the D2 result in sharp-edged transitions between the road surface and the road marking. These jagged transitions move a two-wheeler sideways when driving over it, which can then trigger dangerous steering corrections for the driver. In addition, a relatively large amount of water collects in the depressions, which further unstabilizes the driving situation of the two-wheeler. It has also proven to be disadvantageous that there is a relatively high level of noise when driving over, which is sometimes perceived as annoying in the area adjacent to the road.

Aus der US 2004/0166774 A1 ist eine ähnliche Anordnung bekannt. Dabei sind auf einem Schneidrad umfangsseitig mehrere Schneidwerkzeuge fixiert. Das Schneidrad wird in periodischen Intervallen auf die Fahrbahnoberfläche abgesenkt und erzeugt hier eine Einfräsung.From the US 2004/0166774 A1 a similar arrangement is known. Several cutting tools are fixed on the circumference of a cutting wheel. The cutting wheel is lowered onto the road surface at periodic intervals and creates a milling here.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Schneidkörper bereit zu stellen, mit dem sich Fahrbahnmarkierungen mit verbesserten Anwendereigenschaften erzeugen lassen.It is an object of the invention to provide a cutting body with which road markings with improved user properties can be produced.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Demgemäß ist es vorgesehen, dass die Schneidkurve in Richtung der Rotationsachse einen konkaven Schneidbereich bildet, und dass sich beidseitig an den konvexen Schneidbereich jeweils ein konkaver Schneidbereich anschließt.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Accordingly, it is provided that the cutting curve forms a concave cutting area in the direction of the axis of rotation, and that a concave cutting area connects to the convex cutting area on both sides.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schneidkörper können Vertiefungen für Fahrbahnmarkierungen gefräst werden, bei denen die Fahrbahnoberfläche stetig über den konvexen Bereich in den konkaven Boden übergeleitet wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Reifen eines Fahrzeuges sanfter in die Vertiefung gelangt. Hierdurch wird eine Reduzierung der Geräuschentwicklung erreicht, wobei jedoch noch ein ausreichender Schallpegel und insbesondere ein ausreichendes haptisches Warnsignal zur Erzeugung von Aufmerksamkeit beim Fahrer entsteht.With the cutting body according to the invention, depressions for road markings can be milled, in which the road surface is continuously transferred over the convex area into the concave floor. This has the advantage that the tire of a vehicle gets into the depression more gently. This results in a reduction in the development of noise, but there is still a sufficient sound level and in particular a sufficient haptic warning signal for generating attention from the driver.

Die Geometrie der Fahrbahnmarkierung ermöglicht auch ein problemloseres Überfahren mit einem Zweirad und dass ein den Fahrer verunsichernder Seitenverzug vermindert wird. Darüber hinaus wird mit dem konvexen Bereich der Vertiefung das von der Vertiefung gebildete Volumen verkleinert. Somit kann sich darin weniger Wasser sammeln, was die Gefahr für die Instabilität eines Zweirades bei nasser Fahrbahn deutlich verringert.The geometry of the lane markings also enables a two-wheeler to drive over it more easily and to reduce side distortion that unsettles the driver. In addition, the volume formed by the depression is reduced with the convex region of the depression. This means that less water can collect in it, which significantly reduces the risk of instability of a two-wheeler on wet roads.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass der Rotationskörper eine Befestigungsfläche aufweist, auf der Werkzeughalter befestigt sind, die die Schneidelemente auswechselbar aufnehmen können, dass die Befestigungsfläche einen dem konvexen Schneidbereich zugeordneten konvexen Befestigungsabschnitt und einen dem konkaven Schneidbereich zugeordneten konkaven Befestigungsabschnitt aufweist. Mit einem solchen Rotationskörper kann die Schneidkurve auf einfache Weise unter Verwendung gleicher Meißelhalter und Schneidelemente erzeugt werden.According to the invention, it is provided that the rotary body has a fastening surface on which tool holders are fastened, which can receive the cutting elements interchangeably, that the fastening surface has a convex fastening section assigned to the convex cutting region and one has the concave cutting portion associated concave attachment portion. With such a rotating body, the cutting curve can be generated in a simple manner using the same bit holder and cutting elements.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltungsvariante des Schneidkörpers kann es vorgesehen sein, dass wenigstens einer der konkaven Schneidbereiche an dem dem konvexen Schneidbereich abgewandten Ende in einem zur Rotationsachse parallelen Endbereich ausläuft. Auf diese Weise wird in der Vertiefung ein harmonischer Übergang zur Fahrbahnoberfläche erzeugt, der besonders robust mechanischen Beanspruchungen widersteht.According to a preferred embodiment of the cutting body, it can be provided that at least one of the concave cutting areas ends at the end facing away from the convex cutting area in an end area parallel to the axis of rotation. In this way, a harmonious transition to the road surface is created in the recess, which withstands particularly robust mechanical loads.

Wenn vorgesehen ist, dass der Radius des konvexen Schneidbereichs zwischen 200 mm und 400 mm beträgt, und/oder dass der Radius des konkaven Schneidbereichs zwischen 400 mm und 800 mm beträgt, dann ergeben sich an der Vertiefung entsprechende Geometrien, die bei vermindertem Einfluss auf die Reifenführung eine ausreichende Geräuschentwicklung entstehen lassen.If it is provided that the radius of the convex cutting area is between 200 mm and 400 mm, and / or that the radius of the concave cutting area is between 400 mm and 800 mm, then corresponding geometries result at the depression, which have a reduced influence on the Sufficient noise can be generated by the tire guide.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Schneidkörper kann dadurch gekennzeichnet sein, dass in dem von dem Rotationskörper umschlossenen Hohlbereich ein Befestigungsflansch angeordnet ist und dass der Befestigungsflansch an dem dem konvexen Schneidbereich zugeordneten Innenwandungsabschnitt an den Rotationskörper angekoppelt ist. Der Befestigungsflansch ist somit in dem durch den konvexen Schneidbereich gebildeten verdickten Abschnitt des Rotationskörpers festigkeitsoptimiert fixiert.A cutting body according to the invention can be characterized in that a fastening flange is arranged in the hollow area enclosed by the rotating body and that the fastening flange is coupled to the rotating body on the inner wall section assigned to the convex cutting area. The fastening flange is thus fixed in the thickened section of the rotary body formed by the convex cutting area in a manner optimized for strength.

Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Schneidkörpern können Fahrbahnmarkierungen in Form von Vertiefungen erzeugt werden, wobei die Vertiefungen zwei seitliche, in Fahrbahnlängsrichtung verlaufende Längswände aufweisen, die in einen Bodenbereich übergehen, wobei die Vertiefungen von zwei quer zur Fahrbahnrichtung verlaufenden Querwänden begrenzt sind, wobei ein konvexer Bereich zumindest einer der Längswände in einen konkaven Bereich des Bodens übergeleitet ist und/oder wobei der konvexe Bereich zumindest einer der Seitenwände in die Fahrbahnoberfläche übergeleitet ist. Auf diese Weise entstehen Vertiefungen, die die Seitenführung des Rades wenig beeinträchtigen.With the cutting bodies according to the invention, road markings can be produced in the form of depressions, the depressions having two lateral longitudinal walls running in the longitudinal direction of the road, which merge into a floor area, the depressions being delimited by two transverse walls running transverse to the direction of the road, with a convex area at least one of the longitudinal walls in a concave area of the floor is transferred and / or wherein the convex area of at least one of the side walls is transferred into the road surface. In this way, depressions are created that have little impact on the lateral guidance of the wheel.

Denkbar ist es auch, dass die Querwände einen konkaven Bereich aufweisen, der mittelbar oder unmittelbar in die Fahrbahnoberfläche übergeleitet ist. Dann entsteht beim Auftreffen des Rades auf die Querwand ein ausreichend hoher Schalldruck. Die Vertiefungen können zur Bildung der Fahrbahnmarkierung zueinander in gleichem Teilungsraster beabstandet sein oder es ist denkbar, dass die einzelnen Vertiefungen unmittelbar aneinandergrenzen.It is also conceivable for the transverse walls to have a concave region which is passed directly or indirectly into the road surface. Then a sufficiently high sound pressure is created when the wheel hits the transverse wall. The depressions can be spaced apart from one another in the same division grid to form the road marking, or it is conceivable that the individual depressions directly adjoin one another.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Fahrbahn und einen Schneidkörper,
Figur 2
einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Fahrbahn,
Figuren 3 und 4
in schematischer Darstellung verschiedene Fahrbahnmarkierungen,
Figur 5a
einen Schneidkörper gemäß dem Stand der Technik in schematischer Seitenansicht,
Figuren 5b und 5c
eine Fahrbahnmarkierung, gefertigt mit einem Schneidkörper gem. Figur 5a,
Figur 6a
einen Schneidkörper gemäß dem Stand der Technik in schematischer Seitenansicht,
Figuren 6b und 6c
eine Fahrbahnmarkierung, gefertigt mit einem Schneidkörper gem. Figur 6a,
Figur 7a
den erfindungsgemäßen Schneidkörper gem. Figur 1 in schematischer Seitenansicht
Figuren 7b und 7c
eine Fahrbahnmarkierung, gefertigt mit einem Schneidkörper gem. Figur 7a,
Figur 8
die Kontur der Fahrbahnmarkierung gem. Figur 6b bzw. 6c in einem Koordinatensystem,
Figur 9
die 1. Ableitung der sich aus Figur 8 ergebenden Kurve,
Figur 10
die Kontur der Fahrbahnmarkierung gem. Figur 7b bzw. 7c in einem Koordinatensystem und
Figur 11
die 1. Ableitung der sich aus Figur 10 ergebenden Kurve.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings. Show it:
Figure 1
a vertical section through a roadway and a cutting body,
Figure 2
a vertical section through a roadway,
Figures 3 and 4
various road markings in a schematic representation,
Figure 5a
a cutting body according to the prior art in a schematic side view,
Figures 5b and 5c
a road marking, made with a cutting body acc. Figure 5a ,
Figure 6a
a cutting body according to the prior art in a schematic side view,
Figures 6b and 6c
a road marking made with a cutting body acc. Figure 6a ,
Figure 7a
the cutting body according to the invention. Figure 1 in a schematic side view
Figures 7b and 7c
a road marking, made with a cutting body acc. Figure 7a ,
Figure 8
the contour of the lane marking acc. Figure 6b or 6c in a coordinate system,
Figure 9
the 1st derivative of itself Figure 8 resulting curve,
Figure 10
the contour of the lane marking acc. Figure 7b or 7c in a coordinate system and
Figure 11
the 1st derivative of itself Figure 10 resulting curve.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Schneidkörper, der einen walzenförmigen Rotationskörper 10 aufweist. Der Rotationskörper 10 ist rohrförmig ausgebildet und hat eine zylindrische Innenaufnahme, die von dem Mantel des Rotationskörpers 10 gebildet ist. In der Innenaufnahme ist ein Befestigungsflansch 11 mit Befestigungsaufnahmen 12 angeordnet, an den die Abtriebswelle eines Antriebsstranges angeflanscht werden kann. Figure 1 shows a cutting body having a roller-shaped rotating body 10. The rotary body 10 is tubular and has a cylindrical inner receptacle, which is formed by the jacket of the rotary body 10. A fastening flange 11 with fastening receptacles 12 is arranged in the inner receptacle, to which the output shaft of a drive train can be flanged.

Der Mantel des Rotationskörpers 10 bildet ein Tragteil 13 mit einer tonnenförmig umlaufenden Befestigungsfläche 14. Die Befestigungsfläche 14 setzt sich aus einem mittleren konvexen Befestigungsabschnitt 14.2 und zwei jeweils seitlich daran anschließenden konkaven Befestigungsabschnitten 14.1 zusammen. Dabei gehen die konkaven Befestigungsabschnitte 14.1 unmittelbar in den konvexen Befestigungsabschnitt 14.2 über. Auf den beiden Befestigungsabschnitten 14.1 und 14.2 sind Meißelhalterwechselsysteme, bestehend aus einem Basisteil und einem daran auswechselbar befestigbaren Meißelhalter 20, montiert. Dabei sind die Basisteile mit den Befestigungsabschnitten 14.1, 14.2 verschweißt. Die Basisteile sind zueinander in Umfangsrichtung versetzt angeordnet, so dass sich Räum- und Ladewenden ergeben, die spiralförmig auf den Befestigungsabschnitten 14.1, 14.2 verlaufen.The jacket of the rotary body 10 forms a support part 13 with a barrel-shaped circumferential fastening surface 14. The fastening surface 14 is composed of a central convex fastening section 14.2 and two concave fastening sections 14.1 adjoining it laterally. The concave fastening sections 14.1 merge directly into the convex fastening section 14.2. On the two mounting sections 14.1 and 14.2 are tool holder changing systems, consisting of a base part and a tool holder 20 which can be exchangeably fastened to it. The base parts are welded to the fastening sections 14.1, 14.2. The base parts are arranged offset to one another in the circumferential direction, so that there are clearing and loading turns that run spirally on the fastening sections 14.1, 14.2.

Denkbar ist auch eine Erfindungsausgestaltung, bei der die Meißelhalter 20 direkt auf die Befestigungsabschnitte 14.1, 14.2 aufgeschweißt sind, so dass auf Basisteile verzichtet werden kann. Die Meißelhalter 20 weisen Meißelaufnahmen auf, in denen Meißel 21, vorzugsweise Rundschaftmeißel, auswechselbar aufgenommen werden können. Die Meißel 21 sind mit Schneidelementen ausgestattet, die bei einer Drehung des Rotationskörpers 10 um die Drehachse R eine Schneidkurve 15 festlegen. Dabei bildet die Schneidkurve 15 eine Art Hüllkurve.An embodiment of the invention is also conceivable, in which the chisel holders 20 are welded directly onto the fastening sections 14.1, 14.2, so that base parts can be dispensed with. The chisel holders 20 have chisel holders in which chisels 21, preferably round-shank chisels, can be exchangeably received. The chisels 21 are equipped with cutting elements which, when the rotary body 10 rotates about the axis of rotation R, define a cutting curve 15. The cutting curve 15 forms a kind of envelope.

Wie die Figur 1 veranschaulicht, bildet die Schneidkurve 15 entsprechend der Ausgestaltung der Befestigungsabschnitte 14.1, 14.2 einen konvexen Schneidbereich 15.2 und seitlich daran anschließende konkave Schneidbereiche 15.1. Der Radius R2 des konvexen Schneidbereichs 15.2 beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 200 mm und 400 mm, im vorliegenden Fall ist R2 = 300 mm. Der Radius R1 der konkaven Schneidbereiche 15.1 beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 400 mm und 800 mm. Damit kann beispielsweise das besonders bevorzugte Verhältnis R1 : R2 von ca. 2 : 1 eingestellt werden.As the Figure 1 illustrated, the cutting curve 15 forms a convex cutting area 15.2 and laterally adjoining concave cutting areas 15.1 corresponding to the configuration of the fastening sections 14.1, 14.2. The radius R 2 of the convex cutting area 15.2 is preferably between 200 mm and 400 mm, in the present case R 2 = 300 mm. The radius R 1 of the concave cutting areas 15.1 is preferably between 400 mm and 800 mm. For example, the particularly preferred ratio R 1 : R 2 of approximately 2: 1 can be set.

Mit dem Schneidkörper lassen sich Fahrbahnmarkierungen, bestehend aus linienförmig hintereinander angeordneten Vertiefungen 31, in die Fahrbahn 30 einfräsen.The cutting body can be used to mill road markings, consisting of depressions 31 arranged in a row one behind the other, into the roadway 30.

Die dabei entstehende Geometrie der Vertiefung 31 ist in Figur 2 vergrößert dargestellt. Wie diese Zeichnung erkennen lässt, weist die Vertiefung 31 komplementär zu der Schneidkurve 15 quer zur Fahrbahnlängsrichtung einen konkaven Boden 31.2 auf, von dem beidseitig zwei konvexe Längswände 31.1 aufsteigen. Die Längswände 31.1 gehen in die Fahrbahnoberfläche 32 über. Die quer zur Fahrbahnlängserstreckung verlaufenden Querwände 31.3 sind entsprechend dem Walzenumfang konkav gewölbt.The resulting geometry of the depression 31 is shown in FIG Figure 2 shown enlarged. As can be seen from this drawing, the recess 31 has a concave bottom 31.2 complementary to the cutting curve 15 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the roadway, of which two convex longitudinal walls 31.1 rising up. The longitudinal walls 31.1 merge into the road surface 32. The transverse walls 31.3 running transversely to the longitudinal extent of the roadway are concavely curved in accordance with the circumference of the roller.

In den Figuren 3 bis 8 sind verschiedene Ausgestaltungsvarianten von Fahrbahnmarkierungen dargestellt, die jeweils aus aneinander gereihten Vertiefungen 31 gebildet sind. Dabei werden die Vertiefungen 31 von Schneidkörpern erzeugt, die prinzipiell der Konstruktion gemäß Figur 1 entsprechen.In the Figures 3 to 8 Different design variants of road markings are shown, each of which is formed from rows of depressions 31. In this case, the depressions 31 are produced by cutting bodies, which in principle correspond to the construction Figure 1 correspond.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Ausgestaltungsvariante, bei der der Schneidkörper senkrecht zur Fahrbahnoberfläche 32 zugestellt und nachdem der Schneidkörper seine tiefste Zustellposition erreicht hat wieder zurückgestellt wird, bevor er um die gewünschte Teilung in Fahrbahnlängsrichtung versetzt wird, usw. Figure 3 shows an embodiment variant in which the cutting body is fed perpendicular to the road surface 32 and after the cutting body has reached its deepest infeed position is reset again before it is offset by the desired division in the longitudinal direction of the road, etc.

Figur 4 zeigt eine zu Figur 3 veränderte Vorgehensweise. Dabei wird der Schneidkörper nicht über das Niveau der Fahrbahnoberfläche 32 zurückgestellt, sondern während der Vorschubbewegung entlang der Fahrbahnlängsrichtung kontinuierlich bis zur tiefsten Zustellposition zugestellt und wieder auf das Niveau der Fahrbahnfläche zurückgestellt wird, so dass die Vertiefungen 31 unmittelbar aneinandergereiht sind. Dabei kann die Zustell- und Zurückstellbewegung derart mit der Vorschubbewegung koordiniert werden, dass in Fahrbahnlängsrichtung ebenfalls eine abwechselnde Anordung von konvex und konkav gekrümmten Bereichen der Vertiefung herzustellen. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, dass jede einzelne Vertiefung der Serie von Vertiefungen im Längsschnitt einen ähnlichen Kurvenverlauf erhält, wie der Querschnitt. Figure 4 shows one too Figure 3 changed procedure. The cutting body is not reset above the level of the road surface 32, but is continuously advanced to the lowest infeed position during the feed movement along the longitudinal direction of the road and is returned to the level of the road surface, so that the depressions 31 are lined up directly. The feed and reset movement can be coordinated with the feed movement in such a way that an alternating arrangement of convex and concave curved regions of the depression is likewise produced in the longitudinal direction of the carriageway. It can thereby be achieved that each individual depression of the series of depressions in the longitudinal section receives a curve shape similar to that of the cross section.

Figur 5a zeigt einen Schneidkörper 10 gemäß dem Stand der Technik, der mit seinen Meißeln 21 eine zylindrische Hüllkurve erzeugt. Dementsprechend lassen sich mit diesem Schneidkörper 10 Fahrbahnmarkierungen 31 mit teilzylinderförmiger Geometrie fräsen, wie Figur 5b zeigt. Das der Figur 5b entnommene vergrößerte Detail gem. Figur 5c zeigt, dass sich bei dieser Fahrbahnmarkierungen 31 ein schroffer 90° Übergang zwischen der Fahrbahnoberfläche 32 und der anschließenden Längswand 31.1 ergibt. Figure 5a shows a cutting body 10 according to the prior art, which generates a cylindrical envelope with its chisels 21. Correspondingly, 10 road markings 31 with a partially cylindrical geometry can be milled with this cutting body, such as Figure 5b shows. That the Figure 5b removed enlarged detail acc. Figure 5c shows that this road markings 31 rugged 90 ° transition between the road surface 32 and the subsequent longitudinal wall 31.1 results.

Figur 6a zeigt einen weiteren Schneidkörper 10 gemäß dem Stand der Technik (beispielsweise gemäß der US 6,547,484 B2 ). Dabei erzeugen die Meißel 21 eine ballige Schneidkurve. Es ergeben sich mit diesem Schneidkörper 10 Fahrbahnmarkierungen 31 der in Figur 6b gezeigten Form. Figure 6a shows a further cutting body 10 according to the prior art (for example according to FIG US 6,547,484 B2 ). The chisels 21 produce a spherical cutting curve. This cutting body results in 10 road markings 31 of the in Figure 6b shown form.

Figur 6c zeigt ein der Figur 6b entnommenes Detail. Dabei ist erkennbar, dass der Übergang von der Fahrbahnoberfläche 32 in die Längsseitenwände 31.1 gegenüber der Variante nach Figuren 5b und 5c deutlich abgeflachter ist, jedoch immer noch einen relativ steilen Übergang bildet. Figure 6c shows one of the Figure 6b extracted detail. It can be seen here that the transition from the road surface 32 into the longitudinal side walls 31.1 compared to the variant of FIG Figures 5b and 5c is clearly flattened, but still forms a relatively steep transition.

Figur 7a zeigt zur verbesserten Gegenüberstellung den Schneidkörper 10 gem. Figur 1. Figure 7a shows the cutting body 10 according to improved comparison. Figure 1 .

Figur 7b entspricht in etwa Figur 2 und Figur 7c zeigt das der Figur 7b mit Vllc markierte Detail vergrößert. Es lässt sich deutlich erkennen, dass erfindungsgemäß ein verbesserter Übergang zwischen der Fahrbahnoberfläche 32 und der Längswand 31.1 gestaltet werden kann. Dieser Vorteil wird anhand der Figuren 8 bis 11 weiter verdeutlicht. In Figur 8 ist die sich aus dem Querschnitt gem. Figur 6b ergebende Kontur der Fahrbahnmarkierung 31 als Kurve in ein Koordinatensystem eingezeichnet. Figure 7b circa Figure 2 and Figure 7c shows that the Figure 7b Enlarged detail marked with Vllc. It can clearly be seen that, according to the invention, an improved transition between the road surface 32 and the longitudinal wall 31.1 can be designed. This advantage is demonstrated by the Figures 8 to 11 further clarified. In Figure 8 is the result of the cross-section. Figure 6b resulting contour of the road marking 31 is drawn as a curve in a coordinate system.

Figur 10 zeigt analog die Kurve der Fahrbahnmarkierung gem. Figur 7b. Figure 10 shows analogously the curve of the lane marking acc. Figure 7b .

Bildet man nun von diesen Kurven (gem. Figuren 8 und 10) die erste Ableitung, so ergeben sich die Kurven gem. Figuren 9 und 11. Es wird deutlich, dass sich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrbahnmarkierung 31 ein stetiger Übergang von der Fahrbahnoberfläche 32 in die Längswand 31.1 verwirklichen lässt und diese Fahrbahnmarkierung 31 in ihrem Steigungsverlauf einer Sinuskurve folgt.If one now forms from these curves (acc. Figures 8 and 10 ) the first derivative, then the curves result according to Figures 9 and 11 . It is clear that the road marking 31 according to the invention enables a continuous transition from the road surface 32 into the longitudinal wall 31.1 and that the road marking 31 follows a sine curve in its gradient.

Demgegenüber verdeutlicht die Figur 9 den unstetigen Übergang zwischen der Fahrbahnoberfläche 32 und der Längsseitenwand 31.1.In contrast, the Figure 9 the discontinuous transition between the road surface 32 and the longitudinal side wall 31.1.

Claims (7)

  1. Cutting body for producing a road marking, comprising a rotational body (10) which can be rotated about an axis of rotation (R) and which can interchangeably receive a plurality of cutting elements (21) which define a cutting curve (15)
    wherein the rotational body (10) has a fastening surface (14) on which there are fastened tool holders (20) which can interchangeably receive the cutting elements (21),
    wherein the cutting curve (15) forms a convex cutting region (15.2) in the direction of the axis of rotation (R),
    and wherein the fastening surface (14) has a convex fastening portion (14.2) assigned to the convex cutting region (15.2),
    characterized in that the convex cutting region (15.2) is adjoined on both sides by a respective concave cutting region (15.1),
    and in that the fastening surface (14) has a concave fastening portion (14.1) assigned to the concave cutting region (15.1).
  2. Cutting body according to Claim 1
    characterized in that, at the end facing away from the convex cutting region (15.2) and relative to the axis of rotation, the cutting curve (15) has a slope which approaches zero or has there a substantially axis-parallel profile.
  3. Cutting body according to Claim. 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the cutting curve, or the individual regions of the cutting curve, follow a real function, in particular a trigonometric function.
  4. Cutting body according to anus of Claims 1. to 3,
    characterized in that the radius (R2) of the convex cutting region (15.2) is between 200 mm and 400 mm.
  5. Cutting body according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that the radius (R1) of the concave cutting region (15.1) is between 400 mm and 800 mm.
  6. Cutting body according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that the rotational body (10) is designed in the form of a roller.
  7. Cutting body according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that the fastening flange (11) is arranged in the hollow region enclosed by the rotational body (10) and in that the fastening flange (11) is coupled to the rotational body (10) in the inner wall portion assigned to the convex cutting region (15.2).
EP10164541.4A 2009-07-25 2010-06-01 Cutter for generating a road marking and road marking Active EP2292844B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102009034766A DE102009034766A1 (en) 2009-07-25 2009-07-25 Cutting body for generating a lane marking and lane marking

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EP2292844A3 EP2292844A3 (en) 2012-03-28
EP2292844B1 EP2292844B1 (en) 2014-06-11
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EP (1) EP2292844B2 (en)
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EP2292844A3 (en) 2012-03-28
CA2707289A1 (en) 2011-01-25
JP5049373B2 (en) 2012-10-17
US20110020063A1 (en) 2011-01-27
US8491219B2 (en) 2013-07-23
CN201908249U (en) 2011-07-27
DE102009034766A1 (en) 2011-02-03
EP2292844A2 (en) 2011-03-09
CA2707289C (en) 2014-06-10
CN101962931A (en) 2011-02-02
JP2011026949A (en) 2011-02-10

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