EP2281298A1 - Hochdruckentladungslampe - Google Patents
HochdruckentladungslampeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2281298A1 EP2281298A1 EP09757440A EP09757440A EP2281298A1 EP 2281298 A1 EP2281298 A1 EP 2281298A1 EP 09757440 A EP09757440 A EP 09757440A EP 09757440 A EP09757440 A EP 09757440A EP 2281298 A1 EP2281298 A1 EP 2281298A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- discharge vessel
- discharge lamp
- pressure discharge
- lamp according
- capillary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
- H01J61/33—Special shape of cross-section, e.g. for producing cool spot
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
- H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
Definitions
- the invention is based on a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such high-pressure discharge lamps are intended for operation with acoustic resonances and normally have a metal halide filling.
- WO 2005/088675 discloses a high-pressure discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel, which has a metal halide filling, wherein in addition to Hg and Xe, the metal halides NaJ, TlJ, CaJ2 and SEJ3 are used. Above all, Ce, Nd and / or Pr are used as selenium earth metals SE.
- the wall load should be at least 30 W / cm 2 , based on the range of the discharge length between the electrodes. This lamp is intended for automotive applications and is operated without acoustic resonance.
- EP 1 729 324 A similar high pressure discharge lamp is shown in EP 1 729 324. Here, the possibility of resonant operation with longitudinal acoustic resonance is described in detail.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a metal halide lamp which is suitable for use with acoustic resonance is provided, and which is characterized by high efficiency.
- ceramic discharge vessels with metal halide filling are used for operation with acoustic resonances.
- thermal conditions must be specifically improved.
- an acoustically induced convection must be specifically driven for this, which scales according to certain rules with the surface of the discharge vessel.
- novel thermal conditions can be enforced, which typically bring efficiency to heights of 140 to 150 lm / W.
- the goal is to achieve stable multi-cell convection. This can then be maintained over a large rated power range. For this, it is crucial to define areas of specific surfaces and to observe guidelines for them. A suitable characteristic for this is the power density.
- ceramic discharge vessels for different power classes and luminous flux classes can be configured.
- the invention specifically controls the convection flow in the operated with acoustic modes filling. This flow would result in an additional heat flow past the electrode tip towards the end of the discharge volume. This would require a heating of this end and also the cold-spot. To curb this heating, effective end cooling must be established so that the cold spot and the end of the discharge vessel are not overheated.
- the aspect ratio is the ratio between the inner length and the inner diameter of the discharge vessel.
- the discharge vessel has a longitudinal axis and is substantially cylindrical. It can also be slightly bulged in the middle. An operation for such lamps is disclosed, for example, in US 6,400,100.
- a discharge vessel which is cylindrical relative to the internal volume is used. It has an outer lateral surface as well as outer end surfaces or at least inclined surfaces, which extend up to the base points of tubular ends, often capillaries.
- the outer surface plus the outer diagonal and end surfaces define an entire outer surface OSUM, excluding capillaries or plugs. Placing the nominal power P in relation to this total outer surface OSUM, it turns out -A-
- the specific rated power PS P / OSUM thus defined must reach a value of 17 to 22 W / cm 2 , while at the same time the wall load must be kept high. It should reach at least 28 W / cm 2 .
- the discharge vessel it is necessary to divide the discharge vessel into three sections transversely to the longitudinal axis.
- the limit is in each case the tip of the electrode.
- the solder on the longitudinal axis intersecting the tips defines a hot arc section in which the discharge arc extends. He gets relatively hot during operation.
- the wall load in the region of this arc section should preferably be in the range 28 to 40 W / cm 2 .
- This outer surface of the arc section is denoted by OH.
- the surface of the underlying ends including inclined surfaces or end faces, which cause the cooling, is denoted by OK. Since the discharge vessel has two ends, the surface of both ends must be used. As a rule, both ends are symmetrical, so each cooling surface has half of OK.
- Cooling is particularly effective if the arc section to which OH is assigned reaches the high wall load W of at least 28 w / cm 2 during operation, while the entire surface OSUM, ie the sum of OH and OK, is significantly lower specific power rating of 17 to 22 W / cm 2 .
- the surface OK in the area of the ends must be sufficiently large.
- Technical changes such as coating or enlarging the surface by means of ribs or fins in the range of OK can be used to modify VH.
- VK 0.15 to 0.35.
- a value of 0.22 to 0.25 is preferred.
- the wall thickness of the discharge vessel should preferably be dimensioned such that the specific rated power WI of the entire inner wall surface, which delimits the discharge volume, is 30 to 42 W / cm 2 . Preferred is a value for WI of 38 to 41 W / cm 2 .
- a suitable longitudinal temperature gradient TE of 15.5 to 19 K / mm can be achieved in the region of the discharge volume.
- the temperature gradient between the center point M, which is located centrally between the two electrodes, and the respective end point S of the discharge volume, which is closed by an end face means, wherein the temperature is measured on the outside of the discharge vessel.
- the distance along the axis projection between M and S is denoted by g.
- the capillary should be constructed so that the temperature gradient TK over the inner axial length L of the capillary 30 to 45 K / mm, in particular 34 to 40 K / mm. This value is higher than in today's lamps (der- time less than 30 K / mm). It is achieved by making the end structure as short as possible.
- the following temperatures should be set with these dimensions. In the middle of the discharge vessel it should be no more than 1200 0 C, but at the end it should have dropped to a maximum of 1080 0 C at point S. Preferably, it should be in the range 1050 to 1070, most preferably a value below 1050 0 C.
- a specific exemplary embodiment of the invention takes into account that in order to support the cooling effect on the cooling end surface, at least partially on the outer surface OK of the discharge vessel, a coating transparent in the visible spectral range with increased NIR emissivity is provided.
- NIR is meant a range of 0.8 to 3 ⁇ m (near infrared).
- the typical NIR emissivity ⁇ of ceramics such as A12O3 without coating is about 0.1.
- the coating may extend over the entire end region, or only a part thereof.
- the emissivity ⁇ can reach values of up to 0.8 in the case of graphite.
- the long-wave IR radiation between 3 and 8 ⁇ m is partly reflected by the outer bulb and can not be used for local cooling of surface areas.
- the radiation in the range up to 3 microns escape partially through the glass of the outer bulb.
- the emissivity for this area can therefore be targeted with a ner coating can be improved to support the cooling of the end region.
- any high-temperature-resistant layer which is transparent in the visible spectral range, in particular graphite, but also transparent conductive layers or multilayer layers (for example ZrO 2 / ITO (indium-tin oxide)) is suitable as a coating, the outermost layer representing a conductive layer.
- Conductive transparent high-temperature-resistant layers have the property of an emissivity corresponding to their internal electron-plasma frequency. When a part of the area to be cooled is coated, its emissivity increases. Therefore, the cooling surface can be reduced in the end, down to a value of 60% of the surface without coating.
- FIG. 1 shows a metal halide lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel
- Discharge vessel Figure 4 shows an alternative for the end region with coating. Preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1 An embodiment of a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp 1 is shown in FIG. 1. It has a ceramic discharge vessel 2, which is closed on both sides. It is elongated and has two ends 3 with seals 6. In the interior of the discharge vessel, two electrodes 4 are located opposite each other.
- the seals 6 are designed as capillaries, in which an electrode system 16 is sealed by means of glass solder 19. From the capillary 6 in each case a supply line 5, which is connected to the associated electrode 4 in a known manner, projects. This is in each case connected via a frame 7 with a contact in the base 13.
- Suitable filling for the discharge vessel are known metal halide fillings, in particular the discharge vessel contains a filling with metal halides which is selected from the group of the iodides of Na, Tl, Ca, rare earth metals (SE) alone or in combination.
- the system is particularly suitable for the following filling system: NaJ, TlJ, CaJ2 together with SEJ3, where SE is at least one of the elements Ce, Pr, Nd.
- the capillary 6 is here attached integrally to the discharge volume.
- the end section begins at the tip of the electrode (dashed line, line a) and extends to the point where the capillary reaches its constant diameter (line b).
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the discharge vessel is a cylindrical tube 20 with an aspect ratio of approximately 4.7.
- the rated power is 70 W.
- the total wall load is 19.5 W / cm 2 .
- the wall load in the area between the tips of the electrodes (between the two lines a) is 34 W / cm 2 .
- the ratio between the cooled surface (behind the tip of the discharge vessel including the end face at line b) and the heated surface (between the two lines a) between the electrodes is about 85%.
- the ratio between the total surface area of the capillaries and that of the discharge vessel is 22 to 25%.
- the wall load on the inner surface 21 (total) is 39, 5 W / cm 2 .
- the gradient of the temperature (measured on the outside of the discharge vessel) between the center M of the discharge vessel (exactly between the two electrode tips) and the point S on the outside of the end face closing off the discharge vessel is 15.5 to 19 K / mm.
- the highest possible value is between 17.5 and 18.5 K / mm.
- today's usual value is 12 to 15 K / mm.
- a gradient of temperature 34 to 41 K / mm is achieved between the point TK1 at which the capillary starts (seen externally) and the end TK2 of the capillary.
- Preference is given to the highest possible value of 39 to 41 K / mm.
- today's usual value is about 27 to 28 K / mm.
- the ratio between the cooled and heated outer surface OK and OH of the discharge vessel should normally, ie uncoated, in the range 75 to 100%.
- the Area of the cooled end can be chosen correspondingly lower down to 60% of the value without coating.
- Figure 4 shows an embodiment in which the surface of the end 3 is partially coated in the region of P.
- the value of the ratio OK to OH can be reduced by up to 20%. Overall, a value of 60 to 100% is recommended. If uncoated, a value of 75 to 100% should be kept if possible. Depending on the degree and extent of the coating and material, it can be lowered to 60%.
Landscapes
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008026522A DE102008026522A1 (de) | 2008-06-03 | 2008-06-03 | Hochdruckentladungslampe |
PCT/EP2009/056536 WO2009147058A1 (de) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-05-28 | Hochdruckentladungslampe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2281298A1 true EP2281298A1 (de) | 2011-02-09 |
EP2281298B1 EP2281298B1 (de) | 2013-02-27 |
Family
ID=40940590
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09757440A Not-in-force EP2281298B1 (de) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-05-28 | Hochdruckentladungslampe |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8334652B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2281298B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2011523767A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102057460A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008026522A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009147058A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009047753A1 (de) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Entladungsgefäß aus Keramik für eine Hochdruckentladungslampe |
US9552976B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2017-01-24 | General Electric Company | Optimized HID arc tube geometry |
WO2019070382A1 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Applied Materials, Inc. | INFRARED LAMP RADIATION PROFILE CONTROL BY DESIGNING AND POSITIONING LAMP FILAMENT |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2150433T3 (es) | 1992-09-08 | 2000-12-01 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Lampara de descarga de alta presion. |
KR100396233B1 (ko) * | 1995-03-09 | 2003-11-01 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 고압방전램프 |
US5825129A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-10-20 | U.S. Philips Corporation | High pressure discharge lamp having pirch seals |
DE19727429A1 (de) * | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-07 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Metallhalogenidlampe mit keramischem Entladungsgefäß |
US6400100B1 (en) | 2000-07-20 | 2002-06-04 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | System and method for determining the frequency of longitudinal mode required for color mixing in a discharge lamp |
US6833677B2 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2004-12-21 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | 150W-1000W mastercolor ceramic metal halide lamp series with color temperature about 4000K, for high pressure sodium or quartz metal halide retrofit applications |
WO2005029534A2 (en) | 2003-09-22 | 2005-03-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Metal halide lamp |
US20050194908A1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-08 | General Electric Company | Ceramic metal halide lamp with optimal shape |
ATE406667T1 (de) | 2004-03-08 | 2008-09-15 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Metallhalogenidlampe |
US7268495B2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2007-09-11 | General Electric Company | Ceramic metal halide lamp |
DE102005025155A1 (de) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-07 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Hochdrucklampe und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren für den Resonanzbetrieb von Hochdrucklampen im longitudinalen Mode und zugehöriges System |
DE102006002261A1 (de) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-19 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Hochdruckentladungslampe |
US7728499B2 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2010-06-01 | General Electric Company | Thermal management of high intensity discharge lamps, coatings and methods |
-
2008
- 2008-06-03 DE DE102008026522A patent/DE102008026522A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-05-28 WO PCT/EP2009/056536 patent/WO2009147058A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-05-28 JP JP2011512074A patent/JP2011523767A/ja active Pending
- 2009-05-28 CN CN2009801207497A patent/CN102057460A/zh active Pending
- 2009-05-28 EP EP09757440A patent/EP2281298B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-05-28 US US12/996,049 patent/US8334652B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009147058A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102008026522A1 (de) | 2009-12-10 |
CN102057460A (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
US8334652B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
US20110074286A1 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
JP2011523767A (ja) | 2011-08-18 |
EP2281298B1 (de) | 2013-02-27 |
WO2009147058A1 (de) | 2009-12-10 |
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