EP2279974B1 - Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une machine de traitement du papier - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une machine de traitement du papier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2279974B1
EP2279974B1 EP09166995.2A EP09166995A EP2279974B1 EP 2279974 B1 EP2279974 B1 EP 2279974B1 EP 09166995 A EP09166995 A EP 09166995A EP 2279974 B1 EP2279974 B1 EP 2279974B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine
speed
fault
error
criterion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09166995.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2279974A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Probst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mueller Martini Holding AG
Original Assignee
Mueller Martini Holding AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mueller Martini Holding AG filed Critical Mueller Martini Holding AG
Priority to EP09166995.2A priority Critical patent/EP2279974B1/fr
Priority to AU2010202842A priority patent/AU2010202842A1/en
Priority to US12/844,334 priority patent/US8317182B2/en
Priority to CN2010102438690A priority patent/CN101987705A/zh
Publication of EP2279974A1 publication Critical patent/EP2279974A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2279974B1 publication Critical patent/EP2279974B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H43/00—Use of control, checking, or safety devices, e.g. automatic devices comprising an element for sensing a variable
    • B65H43/04—Use of control, checking, or safety devices, e.g. automatic devices comprising an element for sensing a variable detecting, or responding to, presence of faulty articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H39/00—Associating, collating, or gathering articles or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H7/00—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles
    • B65H7/02—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors
    • B65H7/06—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors responsive to presence of faulty articles or incorrect separation or feed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42C—BOOKBINDING
    • B42C1/00—Collating or gathering sheets combined with processes for permanently attaching together sheets or signatures or for interposing inserts
    • B42C1/12—Machines for both collating or gathering and permanently attaching together the sheets or signatures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
    • B65H2301/50—Auxiliary process performed during handling process
    • B65H2301/53—Auxiliary process performed during handling process for acting on performance of handling machine
    • B65H2301/533—Self-repair; Self-recovery; Automatic correction of errors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
    • B65H2511/50—Occurence
    • B65H2511/52—Defective operating conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
    • B65H2511/50—Occurence
    • B65H2511/52—Defective operating conditions
    • B65H2511/529—Defective operating conditions number thereof, frequency of occurrence
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2513/00—Dynamic entities; Timing aspects
    • B65H2513/10—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2513/00—Dynamic entities; Timing aspects
    • B65H2513/20—Acceleration or deceleration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2513/00—Dynamic entities; Timing aspects
    • B65H2513/50—Timing
    • B65H2513/512—Starting; Stopping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2513/00—Dynamic entities; Timing aspects
    • B65H2513/50—Timing
    • B65H2513/52—Age; Duration; Life time or chronology of event
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2557/00—Means for control not provided for in groups B65H2551/00 - B65H2555/00
    • B65H2557/20—Calculating means; Controlling methods
    • B65H2557/24—Calculating methods; Mathematic models
    • B65H2557/242—Calculating methods; Mathematic models involving a particular data profile or curve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a paper-processing machine, wherein upon occurrence of at least one error is detected automatically with at least one detection means so that the error can be corrected, after the detection of the error automatically a measure is taken to counteract the error and wherein the measure is at least partially canceled if the fault no longer occurs or the machine is completely stopped, if the error is still detected by the detection means after a certain criterion and a device for carrying out the method.
  • Paper processing machines such as insertion machines, gathering machines or saddle stitchers are comparatively complex and consist of different stations. They are operated at high power and the stations often have their own drives.
  • a plug-in machine can have many feeder stations. With these investors sheets are each deducted from a stack and fed, for example, a transport device with pockets. This can not be avoided that occasionally errors occur, so that, for example, no sheets are deducted from a pile, which is said to be false prints. Occur on a feeder at full production speed, for example, such misprints in a row, one speaks of a memori error. The number of false prints leading to a series error is usually adjustable.
  • WO-2008068007-A1 A method for controlling the processing speed of a paper handling equipment and a paper handling equipment for moving individual or group moving goods is described.
  • the paper handling system or a module thereof independently determines by means of sensors the optimal parameters depending on the job to be processed and stores them.
  • Various parameter types such as system parameters (settings of the individual modules and their wear), environmental parameters (environmental influences such as temperature, humidity, etc.) and good parameters (physical properties of the goods to be processed) are recorded and evaluated. If the same job is processed again later, the saved parameters of the last job serve as the starting point for the settings of the system.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which the disadvantages mentioned can be at least partially resolved.
  • the method is intended to make it possible to increase the net output of a paper-processing machine in a simple manner and to reduce the occurrence of unusable printed products.
  • the measure is a reduction in the machine speed and is made in succession, forming a series error errors in a period of time that is necessary to stop the machine completely, the machine speed according to one of a control device predetermined curve is reduced.
  • the machine speed is thus initially reduced when a series error occurs, in order to counteract the error.
  • the machine is not immediately stopped, as before, when an error or a serial error was detected.
  • fast running machines like For example, inserters that are operated at up to 50,000 cycles / h, several seconds are required for a machine stop. During this time, more than 40 faulty printed products can be created.
  • the machine is now given the opportunity after a series error, the time that is necessary for a machine stop to use and to fix without the triggering of an alarm by means of the reduction of the machine speed the error.
  • a measure precludes manual intervention.
  • Additional measures that may be combined with the reduction in machine speed include injecting compressed air into, for example, a sheet stack of feeder magazine and actuating mechanical means such as vibrating or oscillating a machine part. It has been shown that after such a measure, the error in many cases no longer occurs after a short time and is thus corrected by the machine itself, without causing an alarm, the machine has stopped completely and the error must be corrected manually. This self-repairing effect is on the one hand generated by the fact that the machine speed is reduced at a machine stop.
  • a vacuum cleaner of a take-off device at half the production speed for the construction of the vacuum twice as much time.
  • the sheet stack is moved or at least shaken by the take-off device as a result of the withdrawal attempts continued up to 40 while the machine is being decelerated.
  • An intervention by the operator is not necessary in a self-repair. This substantially relieves the corresponding persons.
  • the said criterion is, for example, a variable time duration stored in a control device of the machine or a number of machine cycles. For example, the machine will stop if the error is not resolved after five machine cycles. This number of machine cycles is usually in the range of 1 to 15 cycles.
  • the engine speed is re-accelerated to the original engine speed when the error is canceled within said criterion.
  • the machine speed is initially not increased to the original machine speed in order to reduce the probability of a repeated occurrence of the same error. If necessary, the speed can later be increased again to the original machine speed after a certain period of time. In particular, a gradual increase in the machine speed is possible.
  • a station of the machine such as a feeder, is placed in the crawlspace after the detection of the error.
  • This station then runs asynchronously to the basic machine.
  • the station will be accelerated again after a self-repair and synchronized with the basic machine. With such an extremely slow movement, an attempt is made to remedy the error, for example the faulty removal of a printed sheet. If it is possible to remedy the error, this station is synchronized again with the basic machine, which now also runs slower.
  • the detection means for detecting the error is, for example, a sensor, for example a false-arc sensor on a feeder. This is then preferably arranged in the withdrawal direction according to a take-off device. Thus, for example, can be detected particularly safe when sheets are faulty or not deducted. The number of false prints can thus be determined very secure. But instead of a sensor, too other detection means, such as mechanical means, such as a button conceivable with which, for example, false prints but also double prints can be detected.
  • a statistic is kept, for example, in the control device during the term of the investor, how often and in what number scheme errors arise. This enables a substantial optimization of the process and thus a further increase in the net output.
  • Fig. 1 partially shown machine 1 is a plug-in machine having at least one feeder 2, with which of a stack 7 by means of a Deduction device 11 flexible, sheet-like objects, for example, folded sheet 10 withdrawn and fed to a transport device 4.
  • the transport device 4 has pockets 5, in which the printed sheets 10 are stored.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a sheet 10 a, which is just deducted from the stack 7 and now placed in one of the pockets 5.
  • the stored printed sheets 10 are transported in a conveying direction 16.
  • several such investors 2 are provided with which each sheet 10 are stored in the pockets 5. So that sheet 10 can be collected or collected to a printed product, such as a newspaper, a magazine or a book block.
  • the transport device 4 shown with the pockets 5 are here also other transport devices, such as those with a gathering chain or with grippers possible.
  • the withdrawn printed sheets 10 are detected with a detection means 8 and / or a detection means 9. Corresponding data are transmitted to a control device 3.
  • the detection means 9 is provided, which is arranged as seen in the withdrawal direction after the extraction device 11.
  • the detection means 8 and 9 for example, an optical sensor. But there are also other detection means 8, 9, for example, mechanical or electrical detection means conceivable.
  • the feeder 2 can thus have the first detection means 8 or the second detection means 9 or both. With the detection means 8 and 9 can be determined whether a sheet 10 was faulty or not deducted.
  • the removal takes place in the machine cycle, for example by means of the extraction device 11, which has suckers not shown here. These suckers lift the lowermost sheet 10 from the stack 7, so that it can be detected and transported by grippers or take-off rollers in a known manner.
  • the machine 1 shown with the feeder 2 and the transport device 4 is merely an example of a machine in which the inventive Method is applicable.
  • other stations 6 such as a glue, a cutting machine for cutting book blocks or a stapler may be provided.
  • the method according to the invention can also be applied to a wide variety of machines 1, such as a stacker, rod jib, saddle stitcher, gathering machine and perfect binder.
  • detection means are also possible or already known for error detection.
  • the speed of the feeder 2 and the machine 1 is reduced. If, for example, at a point A of the curve 21 it is determined that due to a self-repair the feeder 2 correctly withdraws the printing sheet 10 again, the speed of the feeder 2 and the machine 1 is increased until the original machine speed M1 has been reached again. Such an increase of the machine speed can also be done later in a point B, if a self-repair later, for example. at a lower engine speed M2 occurs.
  • the in Fig. 2 shown much longer time 25 required until the machine 1 is back in operation and the machine speed M1 is reached again.
  • the criterion that determines when the machine 1 is stopped is, for example, a certain period of time, a number of cycles or the achievement of a certain, minimum machine speed M3.
  • a station 6 such as the feeder 2 and the base machine 1 synchronously.
  • asynchronous behavior between the stations 6 and the basic machine 1, as shown by the Fig. 4 is shown. Shown is the method in case of self-repair.
  • the curve 12 shows the speed profile of the investor 2. This is offset after the detection of a series error in the crawl.
  • the feeder 2 runs at a speed M4, which is for example 1000 cycles / h.
  • the feeder 2 and the base machine 1 must each have their own drive, for example a servo drive.
  • the leading to a series error number of errors can be fixed or variable in the control device 3.
  • the measures mentioned that counteract an error are taken when the error persists, for example, after a corresponding number of deductions.
  • the machine speed is lowered when three misprints are detected.
  • this number is automatically adjusted during operation to an optimum value. Optimal here means that as few faulty printed products as possible are rejected, but the number of machine stops should be small and the net output should be large.
  • a Statistics is led, how often and how many memori errors occur. Based on these statistics, the optimal setting of the serial number of errors is determined.
  • control device 3 the machine speed after a in Fig. 5 After a successful self-repair, the curve shown does not adjust to the original value M1 but to a lower value M5, at which fewer disturbances occur. This could further reduce the number of ejected, incomplete printed products. If there are no or very few misprints at the machine speed M5, the control device 3 could increase the speed in stages, thus seeking an optimum machine speed with respect to incomplete printed products and high net output.
  • the diagram in Fig. 6 represents two different error statistics by way of example.
  • the serial error number S is shown on the X axis, and the number N of the series errors on the Y axis.
  • a curve 18 represents a first case in which in most cases after one or two subsequent misprints the sheets are correctly processed again. In this case, for example, the serial error number is set to two here. If a printed product 10 can not be processed, so after only two errors following automatically a measure corresponding to the error is triggered in order to use a possible self-repair effect with as few faulty printed products and machine stop.

Landscapes

  • Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de commande d'une machine (1) de traitement du papier, procédé dans lequel, lors de la survenue d'au moins une erreur, cette dernière est constatée en mode automatique par au moins un moyen de détection (8, 9), de telle sorte que ladite erreur puisse être éliminée, sachant qu'à l'issue de la constatation de l'erreur, une démarche est automatiquement entreprise en vue de contrecarrer ladite erreur, et sachant qu'il est au moins partiellement mis un terme à ladite démarche lorsque l'erreur ne survient plus, ou que la machine est mise intégralement à l'arrêt lorsque ladite erreur continue d'être constatée par les moyens de détection (8, 9) à l'expiration d'un critère déterminé, caractérisé par le fait que la démarche consiste en une réduction de la vitesse de la machine et est entreprise, en présence d'erreurs survenant en succession et formant une erreur sérielle, pendant une durée (24) nécessaire à la mise à l'arrêt intégrale de la machine (1), ladite vitesse de la machine étant réduite en conformité avec une courbe (12, 14, 14', 15, 21, 22, 23, 28) préétablie par un dispositif de commande (3).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la vitesse de la machine est de nouveau augmentée, jusqu'à la vitesse initiale (M1) de ladite machine, lorsque l'erreur est éliminée dans le périmètre du critère précité.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la démarche englobe, additionnellement, l'actionnement de moyens mécaniques (38).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'un poste (6) de la machine (1) est commuté au mode marche lente après la constatation de l'erreur ; et par le fait que ce poste (6) est accéléré et est, de nouveau, synchronisé avec ladite machine (1) lorsqu'il est constaté, dans le périmètre du critère précité, que ladite erreur ne survient plus.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'erreur est détectée dans un margeur (2) d'une machine d'insertion, d'une machine de regroupement ou d'une encarteuse-piqueuse.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen de détection (8, 9) comporte au moins un capteur.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que le critère précité est une durée (31).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que le critère précité se présente comme un certain nombre de cycles de la machine.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que le critère précité réside dans l'obtention d'une vitesse préétablie (M3) de la machine.
  10. Dispositif dévolu à la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la machine (1) est pourvue d'un dispositif de commande (3) par lequel la vitesse de ladite machine peut être réduite en conformité avec une courbe préétablie, en présence d'erreurs survenant en succession et formant une erreur sérielle, pendant une durée (24) nécessaire à la mise à l'arrêt intégrale de ladite machine (1).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que la machine (1) comporte des moyens (38) conçus pour prêter assistance à une autoréparation.
EP09166995.2A 2009-07-31 2009-07-31 Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une machine de traitement du papier Not-in-force EP2279974B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09166995.2A EP2279974B1 (fr) 2009-07-31 2009-07-31 Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une machine de traitement du papier
AU2010202842A AU2010202842A1 (en) 2009-07-31 2010-07-06 Method to control a paper-processing machine
US12/844,334 US8317182B2 (en) 2009-07-31 2010-07-27 Method for controlling a paper-processing machine
CN2010102438690A CN101987705A (zh) 2009-07-31 2010-07-30 用于控制纸张加工机器的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09166995.2A EP2279974B1 (fr) 2009-07-31 2009-07-31 Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une machine de traitement du papier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2279974A1 EP2279974A1 (fr) 2011-02-02
EP2279974B1 true EP2279974B1 (fr) 2014-03-05

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09166995.2A Not-in-force EP2279974B1 (fr) 2009-07-31 2009-07-31 Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une machine de traitement du papier

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8317182B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2279974B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101987705A (fr)
AU (1) AU2010202842A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH704763B1 (de) 2011-03-30 2015-03-13 Müller Martini Holding AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln und Durchführen von Änderungen der Maschineneinstellungen einer Druckweiterverarbeitungsmaschine.
EP2551224B1 (fr) * 2011-07-29 2014-03-12 Müller Martini Holding AG Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de collecte de produits d'impression
JP6090649B2 (ja) * 2012-11-19 2017-03-08 株式会社リコー シート搬送装置及びこれを備えた画像形成システム
WO2018056109A1 (fr) * 2016-09-26 2018-03-29 イーグル工業株式会社 Amortisseur à diaphragme métallique

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WO2008068007A1 (fr) * 2006-12-05 2008-06-12 Böwe Systec AG Installation de manutention de papier et procédé de régulation automatique de sa vitesse de traitement

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US5083281A (en) * 1989-05-12 1992-01-21 Bell & Howell Phillipsburg Co. Insertion machine with speed optimization
US5326209A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-07-05 Am International, Inc. Method and an apparatus for forming a plurality of individual books in a predetermined sequence
US5314566A (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-05-24 Pitney Bowes Inc. Mailing machine including low speed sheet feeding and jam detection structure
TW340914B (en) * 1996-05-21 1998-09-21 Mitsuta Industry Co Ltd Sheet transportation device
JP3863412B2 (ja) * 2001-11-16 2006-12-27 東北リコー株式会社 給紙装置・印刷装置
DE10203951A1 (de) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-14 Pitney Bowes Technologies Gmbh Postbearbeitungssystem
AU2005257998B2 (en) * 2004-06-18 2010-11-25 Terje Gulbrandsen Sheet handling apparatus
ATE481345T1 (de) * 2006-11-06 2010-10-15 Mueller Martini Holding Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von aus mehreren druckprodukten gebildeten klebegebundenen druckerzeugnissen und einrichtung und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens
US7731167B2 (en) * 2006-12-01 2010-06-08 Prim Hall Enterprises, Inc. Methods and systems for controlling the feeding of stacked sheet material
JP4446002B2 (ja) * 2008-01-28 2010-04-07 シャープ株式会社 用紙搬送装置、これを備えた画像形成装置、用紙搬送方法、用紙搬送プログラム、及びこのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008068007A1 (fr) * 2006-12-05 2008-06-12 Böwe Systec AG Installation de manutention de papier et procédé de régulation automatique de sa vitesse de traitement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2010202842A1 (en) 2011-02-17
CN101987705A (zh) 2011-03-23
US20110029135A1 (en) 2011-02-03
US8317182B2 (en) 2012-11-27
EP2279974A1 (fr) 2011-02-02

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