EP2277825A1 - Reaktor-Durchflussregler - Google Patents

Reaktor-Durchflussregler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2277825A1
EP2277825A1 EP10170002A EP10170002A EP2277825A1 EP 2277825 A1 EP2277825 A1 EP 2277825A1 EP 10170002 A EP10170002 A EP 10170002A EP 10170002 A EP10170002 A EP 10170002A EP 2277825 A1 EP2277825 A1 EP 2277825A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
flow controller
exit
passageway
atomizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10170002A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Subir Roychoudhury
David Spence
Richard Mastanduno
Dennis E. Walsh
Jun Iwamoto
Go Motohashi
Hitoshi Mikami
Eric Walker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Precision Combustion Inc
Original Assignee
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Precision Combustion Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honda Motor Co Ltd, Precision Combustion Inc filed Critical Honda Motor Co Ltd
Publication of EP2277825A1 publication Critical patent/EP2277825A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
    • B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/02—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices for feeding measured, i.e. prescribed quantities of reagents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/001—Controlling catalytic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/386—Catalytic partial combustion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00548—Flow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
    • C01B2203/1247—Higher hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1276—Mixing of different feed components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/169—Controlling the feed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling reactant flows with short time constants without compromising fuel/air mixing during the transient points of operation.
  • this invention provides a flow control apparatus that enables correspondingly fast control of reactant flow to the reactor without sacrificing fuel/air mixing. While this is applicable to different types of catalytic reforming reactors, it is described here with reference to a Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reactor since the constraints of high temperature and coking are most acute.
  • a controller is employed such that one or more output variables of a system are tracked against a certain reference points over time. The controller varies the inputs to a system to obtain the desired effect on the output of the system thereby maintaining the output variables at or near the reference points.
  • a closed-loop system for controlling the reactant flows within a chemical reactor would monitor the reactant products or other operating parameters such as operating temperatures, track the measurements and compare such values to a desired reference. The system would provide for varying the reactor input and other operating parameters in order to maintain operation of the reactor at or near a reference point or reactor temperature setpoint.
  • CPOx Waterless catalytic partial oxidation
  • liquid distillate fuels such as, for example, diesel and JP8
  • C 1 Carbon
  • the general reaction is shown below: C x H y + O 2 ⁇ mCO + nH 2 + small amounts of CO 2 and H 2 O
  • the practical ability to operate in this mode requires a reactor design that provides high selectivity to the partial oxidation products CO and H 2 compared to the complete oxidation products CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • CPOx of distillate fuel is made difficult due to carbon formation and/or excessively high reactor temperatures.
  • unique control algorithms permit operational precision that addresses the constraints of dry CPOx.
  • a reforming reactor was tested for the dry reforming of distillate fuels. It was based on a small, modular catalytic reactor, which employed patented Microlith ® substrate and catalyst technology available from Precision Combustion, Inc. in North Haven, Connecticut. The use of standard flow controllers have been found to be too slow to react to the dynamic capabilities for Microlith ® CPOx reactors and system needs. The use of high speed modulating valves is expensive and they are difficult to control. Moreover, low flows in small reactors may not produce high enough average velocity to provide sufficient atomization of liquid fuels.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus comprising integration of an atomizer design with pulsed injectors, for example, those including but not limited to electromagnetic injectors or piezoelectric injectors, for fuel and air control.
  • the atomizer is capable of providing sufficient atomization of fuels and appropriate fuel/air mixing over the desired range of fuel and air flows.
  • Figure 1 provides a diagram of a reactor flow control apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • a reactor flow control apparatus (10) in accordance with the present invention comprises a fuel inlet (12) and an air inlet (14).
  • the apparatus (10) further comprises a fuel flow controller (16) defining an inlet (18) and an exit (20).
  • the apparatus (10) correspondingly further comprises an air flow controller (22) defining an inlet (24) and an exit (26).
  • the fuel flow controller and air flow controller may comprise a variety of means known or hereinafter developed for regulating such flows.
  • Such devices may comprise pulsed injectors, steady flow valves, and similar flow regulating means. All such flow regulating means are considered within the scope of the present invention.
  • apparatus (10) comprises an atomizing mixer (28) defining an inlet (30) and an exit (32).
  • Inlet (30) may comprise one or more apertures based upon the particular operating parameters of apparatus (10).
  • means now known in the art or hereinafter developed for controlling an atomizer wherein the atomizing mixer (28) produces a fuel-air mixture are considered within the scope of this invention.
  • atomizing mixer (28) is adjusted to produce a fuel-rich mixture; however, it also may be adjusted to produce a fuel-lean mixture based upon the particular operating parameters of apparatus (10).
  • the exit (20) of fuel flow controller (16) is placed in fluid communication with inlet (30) of atomizing mixer (28) via a passageway (34).
  • the exit (26) of air flow controller (22) is placed in fluid communication with inlet (30) of atomizing mixer (28) via a passageway (36).
  • Apparatus (10) includes a reforming reactor (38) defining all inlet (40) and an exit (42). Exit (32) of atomizing mixer (28) is placed in fluid communication with inlet (40) of reforming reactor (3 8) via a passageway (44).
  • the pulsed injectors are capable of providing precise fuel control over the range of fuel and air flows with response times capable of complementing the fast response of the catalytic reactor.
  • various adjustments can be made to passageways (34) and (36) based upon the particular operating parameters of apparatus (10). These adjustments are defmed as "tuning" the apparatus to achieve optimum performance.
  • Tuning the apparatus may include adjusting the volume of flow through the passageway in order to dampen the flow oscillations in conjunction with the frequency or amplitude of the pulses of the pulsed injector.
  • the volume can be selected for damping the pulses without compromising response time.
  • the possibility of variation in frequency, pressure and amplitude afforded by the pulsed injectors offer a wide range of options for controlling the fuel and air flow rates.
  • Means now known in the art or hereinafter developed for controlling the flow of a liquid or a gas through a passageway are considered within the scope of this invention.
  • One such means comprises the use of a restriction device placed at one or more points within the passageway, its inlet or exit, in order to control volume flow rate and achieve the tuning of the system as described hereinabove.
  • an apparatus in accordance with the present invention provides additional unexpected benefits. Due to the pulsed nature of an injector, the instantaneous O/C Ratio varies with time. Maintaining an equivalent average O/C Ratio while the instantaneous O/C Ratio periodically varies provides resistance to carbon deposition within the reactor (i.e., coking) and therefore improved reactor performance. Varying the frequency and magnitude of these pulses may be used to increase these benefits.
  • d can be in the range from about 0.005 seconds to about 1 second, and t can be from about 1 second to about 30 seconds or greater, provides increased resistance to performance degradation compared to steady state constant O/C Ratio operation.
  • An apparatus for fuel reforming that utilizes pulsed injectors for a fuel flow controller and an air flow controller, and the injectors are integrated with an atomizing mixer thereby producing a fuel-air mixture having an O/C Ratio which, in turn, is passed to a Catalytic Partial Oxidation reactor.
  • Use of this apparatus permits beneficial long term operation of this Catalytic Partial Oxidation reactor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
EP10170002A 2009-07-21 2010-07-19 Reaktor-Durchflussregler Withdrawn EP2277825A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/460,543 US8439990B2 (en) 2009-07-21 2009-07-21 Reactor flow control apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2277825A1 true EP2277825A1 (de) 2011-01-26

Family

ID=42697342

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10170002A Withdrawn EP2277825A1 (de) 2009-07-21 2010-07-19 Reaktor-Durchflussregler

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8439990B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2277825A1 (de)
JP (1) JP5465629B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2709674A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109675498A (zh) * 2019-01-25 2019-04-26 大连理工大学 一种基于脉冲式注水与连续喷雾的水合物浆生成方法与系统

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8337757B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2012-12-25 Precision Combustion, Inc. Reactor control method
US9178235B2 (en) * 2009-09-04 2015-11-03 Lg Fuel Cell Systems, Inc. Reducing gas generators and methods for generating a reducing gas
US8784515B2 (en) 2010-10-14 2014-07-22 Precision Combustion, Inc. In-situ coke removal
US10060344B1 (en) 2014-08-18 2018-08-28 Precision Combustion, Inc. Spark-ignited internal combustion engine modified for multi-fuel operation
US11022318B1 (en) 2014-12-30 2021-06-01 Precision Combustion, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a gas-fired burner on liquid fuels
US10738996B1 (en) 2014-12-30 2020-08-11 Precision Combustion, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a gas-fired burner on liquid fuels
US10001278B1 (en) 2014-12-30 2018-06-19 Precision Combustion, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a gas-fired burner on liquid fuels
JP6806354B2 (ja) * 2015-04-20 2021-01-06 サムソン エレクトロ−メカニックス カンパニーリミテッド． キャパシタ部品及びこれを備えた実装基板
JP2020504263A (ja) 2016-12-21 2020-02-06 プレシジョン コンバスチョン インコーポレイテッド 改善燃料効率を生ずる内燃機関作動法
US11558004B1 (en) 2019-03-05 2023-01-17 Precision Combustion, Inc. Two-stage combustor for thermophotovoltaic generator

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US20070036707A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2007-02-15 Dalla Betta Ralph A Reformer and reforming process for production of hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel
EP1787949A2 (de) * 2005-11-21 2007-05-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Brennstoffreformer und Methode zur dessen Verwendung
EP2123599A1 (de) * 2008-04-07 2009-11-25 Precision Combustion, Inc. Brennstoffumformer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4121542A (en) * 1973-02-07 1978-10-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine
US20030000145A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2003-01-02 Salemi Michael R. Method for starting a fast light-off catalytic fuel reformer
WO2006032644A1 (en) * 2004-09-20 2006-03-30 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. A process for the catalytic partial oxidation of a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel
US20070036707A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2007-02-15 Dalla Betta Ralph A Reformer and reforming process for production of hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel
EP1787949A2 (de) * 2005-11-21 2007-05-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Brennstoffreformer und Methode zur dessen Verwendung
EP2123599A1 (de) * 2008-04-07 2009-11-25 Precision Combustion, Inc. Brennstoffumformer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109675498A (zh) * 2019-01-25 2019-04-26 大连理工大学 一种基于脉冲式注水与连续喷雾的水合物浆生成方法与系统
CN109675498B (zh) * 2019-01-25 2021-06-18 大连理工大学 一种基于脉冲式注水与连续喷雾的水合物浆生成方法与系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110016791A1 (en) 2011-01-27
CA2709674A1 (en) 2011-01-21
JP2011027105A (ja) 2011-02-10
US8439990B2 (en) 2013-05-14
JP5465629B2 (ja) 2014-04-09

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