EP2272054B1 - Detektionsvorrichtung sowie verfahren zur detektion von bränden und/oder von brandmerkmalen - Google Patents

Detektionsvorrichtung sowie verfahren zur detektion von bränden und/oder von brandmerkmalen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2272054B1
EP2272054B1 EP08874014A EP08874014A EP2272054B1 EP 2272054 B1 EP2272054 B1 EP 2272054B1 EP 08874014 A EP08874014 A EP 08874014A EP 08874014 A EP08874014 A EP 08874014A EP 2272054 B1 EP2272054 B1 EP 2272054B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detection device
fire
camera
field
designed
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08874014A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2272054A1 (de
Inventor
Thomas Hanses
Ralph Bergmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2272054A1 publication Critical patent/EP2272054A1/de
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Publication of EP2272054B1 publication Critical patent/EP2272054B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19617—Surveillance camera constructional details
    • G08B13/19626—Surveillance camera constructional details optical details, e.g. lenses, mirrors or multiple lenses
    • G08B13/19628—Surveillance camera constructional details optical details, e.g. lenses, mirrors or multiple lenses of wide angled cameras and camera groups, e.g. omni-directional cameras, fish eye, single units having multiple cameras achieving a wide angle view

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a detection device for detecting fires and / or fire features in a surveillance area with an imaging sensor element, which is designed to output image data, with an optical device which is connected upstream of the sensor element, sensor element and optical device together a camera device for monitoring the Form monitoring area, and with an evaluation, which is designed for detecting the fires or fire characteristics in the surveillance area by evaluating the image data, wherein the optical device is arranged and / or formed that the field of view of the camera device in at least one coplanar to the viewing direction of the camera device Level has a maximum viewing angle of at least 120 °.
  • the invention further relates to a method for detecting fires and / or fire characteristics.
  • Fire alarm systems include fire alarms as sensor devices for the detection of fire, smoke, flames or other fire characteristics and are used both in public buildings, such as schools or museums, as well as in private buildings.
  • the majority of fire alarms can roughly be divided into two groups, with a first group of so-called point fire alarms, which are used eg in offices or children's rooms, so in smaller rooms.
  • the point fire detectors are usually installed on the ceiling and detect a fire or spreading smoke by optical, thermal or chemical detection at exactly one point. These fire detectors have the advantage that the rising smoke that collects under the ceiling is detected very quickly.
  • a disadvantage of these fire detectors that in larger rooms, such as warehouses, several fire detectors must be used, otherwise not the entire area can be covered.
  • a second group of fire detectors which are designed as video fire detection devices, using video surveillance systems which record a video image of a surveillance area via commercially available surveillance cameras and evaluate them in a monitoring center for fires or fire characteristics.
  • the publication DE 10 246 056 A 1 discloses a smoke detector comprising an imager and a light source.
  • This smoke detector is used, for example, as a ceiling smoke detector and is designed so that the focus point of the image sensor is adjusted about 10 cm below the housing of the smoke detector.
  • a light source can additionally be activated, which illuminates the focus point. Due to the near focus point, this smoke detector blurs background images as compared to images from the nearest vicinity of the focus point.
  • the publication DE 100 114 11 A1 also relates to a fire detector which uses a video camera or an infrared camera as an image sensor, wherein the image sensor is set to provide a large camera field of view and a true-to-life representation of the observed scene.
  • the fire detection is done via an object analysis, whereby individual objects of the scene are automatically analyzed, in particular with regard to whether these objects are obscured by smoke, heat strains or fire, namely by the currently recorded objects are compared with stored objects.
  • the font EP 1 381 005 A1 describes an event detector with camera for monitoring various parameters in a monitoring room.
  • the parameters may be, for example, fire characteristics such as smoke, clouds of smoke, heat streaks or flames or the movement of objects, etc.
  • pamphlet EP 0 591 5852 A1 describes a monitoring device with a housing and a plurality of monitoring sensors, which are arranged in the housing.
  • the monitoring sensors are as a camera, a microphone, a Temperature sensor and designed as a gas sensor.
  • the camera is designed to capture images in a viewing angle of 120 °.
  • a screen connected to the monitor is configured to display the images.
  • the temperature sensor is designed to detect a temperature increase, which is caused, for example, by a fire, and the gas sensor is designed, for example, to detect a combustion gas.
  • the document US 2006/0284971 A1 describes a monitoring device with an "omnidirectional" camera and a pivoting camera with zoom function for detecting events such as water, smoke, fire or moving objects in a surveillance area.
  • the document US 5, 790, 181 discloses a video camera with an imaging sensor device for security surveillance, which includes, for example, a motion message and / or collision warning in public buildings.
  • the video camera can also be used for topography determination, panoramatic display or motion studies eg in the supermarket.
  • the video camera is arranged relative to a mirror, wherein a lens of the video camera is directed to the mirror and detects the images reflected by the mirror.
  • the video camera may be disposed beneath the dome-like mirror mounted on a ceiling or integrated with the dome-like mirror, the lens being directed out of the dome-like mirror onto a second mirror positioned below the lens. With this arrangement results in an area which is indeed in the field of view of the video camera or can lie, but is hidden or blinded by the camera itself or the second mirror.
  • the document US 2005/0007479 A1 which is probably the closest prior art, discloses a detection device for detecting fires and / or fires in a surveillance area.
  • the detection device has an imaging sensor which is designed to output image data.
  • the detection device has an optical device, which is connected upstream of the sensor element, wherein the sensor element and the optical device together form the detection device.
  • the detection device is arranged and / or formed such that the field of view has a maximum wide angle in at least one plane coplanar with the direction of observation of the detection device.
  • the detection device is suitable and / or designed for detecting fires and / or fire characteristics, in particular fire signs, in a monitoring area and can also be referred to as a fire detector or fire sensor.
  • the detection device is optionally part of a fire alarm system.
  • primary features such as optical emissions, especially flames or embers, in a visible and / or near infrared region, in particular at wavelengths up to 900 nanometers.
  • the detection device is sensitive to optical emissions in the near infrared range, ie between 900 nanometers and 3000 nanometers and / or in the far infrared range greater than 3000 nanometers.
  • the detection device may optionally also register secondary fire characteristics, such as smoke or smoke, optical distortions due to high heat, heat streaks, or the like.
  • An imaging sensor element is part of the detection device, which is designed to output image data, that is, for example, two-dimensional matrix fields with pixel information.
  • the sensor element can be designed, for example, as a CMOS, CCD, UV, VIS, NIR, IR and / or FIR image sensor.
  • a realization as a two-dimensional sensor field, for example as a thermopile array, is also conceivable.
  • the detection device has an optical device, which is connected upstream of the sensor element.
  • sensor element and optical device together form a camera device which is suitable for monitoring the monitoring area and / or arranged and / or formed.
  • the camera device is signal-connected to an evaluation device, wherein the evaluation device may be combined locally with the camera device or remote therefrom, for example in a monitoring center.
  • the evaluation device is for detecting the fires or fire characteristics in the Monitoring area formed by evaluation of the image data.
  • the evaluation is preferably carried out by means of digital image processing algorithms, in modified embodiments, analogous image processing steps can also be implemented additionally or alternatively.
  • the field of view of the camera device which can be represented conically, for example starting from the camera device, has a maximum viewing angle at least in a plane coplanar with the direction of observation of the camera device, ie in a plane in which the observation vector of the camera device is located of at least 120 °, preferably of at least 150 ° and in particular of at least 180 °.
  • an optical device which allows the camera device a very wide field of view, with the advantage that a fire detection can continue to be performed with a point fire detector and still a wide range is reliably observed.
  • the previously existing restriction of image sensor-supported fire detectors is thus overcome in terms of the size of the surveillance area.
  • the maximum viewing angle of at least 120 °, preferably at least 150 ° and in particular at least 180 ° is defined for each coplanar plane to the direction of observation of the camera device.
  • the same maximum viewing angle prevails in each plane or that the maximum viewing angle varies as a function of a twisting angle about the direction of observation of the camera device, but is within the specified ranges.
  • the maximum viewing angle over all planes is average in the specified ranges.
  • the field of view is axially symmetrical or at least approximately axially symmetrical with respect to the direction of observation of the camera device.
  • the cone formed by the field of view has the center of the vector of the observation direction of the camera device. This design allows easy installation of the camera device in the surveillance area.
  • a central and / or central or any other area of the field of view optically and / or Programmtechnisch hidden and / or can be faded out. This takes into account that in certain areas of the field of view normal movements are expected, which could hinder the detection of fires and / or fire characteristics. By blanking out the central and / or central region of the field of view, these interference factors are eliminated and the evaluation in the evaluation device is simplified.
  • From the conical field of view of the camera device is within the scope of the invention, e.g. central and / or central, preferably also conical blind field with a viewing angle of at least 30 °, preferably hidden by at least 60 °, in particular of at least 90 °.
  • the detection device thus has a resulting field of view, which ranges from 30 ° or 60 ° or 90 ° to 120 ° or 150 ° or 180 °.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous if - as will be explained in more detail below - the detection device is to be mounted on a ceiling and / or mounted, is deactivated by the hidden area of the bottom area and the resulting field of view is limited to ceiling areas where usually accumulate or accumulate during a fire, smoke or heat. As a possible further advantage disturbing movements are hidden in the ground-level area.
  • the depth of field range of the camera device begins at a distance of at least 1 m, preferably at least 1.5 m. It is particularly preferred that the depth of field extends to a range of at least 5 m, preferably at least 10 m and in particular at least 15 m.
  • This form of training has the advantage that not only signs of fire, in particular smoke, can be detected directly at the detection device, but also at some distance from the detection device, and consequently a fire is reliably detected even with a fire source remote from the camera device.
  • the range of depth of field can be adjusted for example by the use of a correctly positioned aperture in the camera device.
  • the evaluation takes place via an analysis of abstract image features, such as texture features, color values, intensities or other image information in the image data.
  • abstract image features such as texture features, color values, intensities or other image information in the image data.
  • large area of Depth of field ensures that a sufficient number or quantity of such image information is captured to ensure a safe evaluation.
  • the viewing area of the camera device also detects the corners of a room and all objects located therein.
  • the camera device has an autofocus and / or a motor-adjustable focus.
  • the camera device scans between a near field and a far field, so that camera device near smoke developments, for example in an area with a distance less than 1 m, in particular less than 10 cm in addition be monitored.
  • the detection device takes on a dual function by both the characteristics and advantages of a point-type fire detector as well as a far-detecting fire detector can be used.
  • the optical device is designed as a fisheye, a prism, a lens or lens system, a reflective system and / or a diffractive system, e.g. made of glass or plastic.
  • a so-called omni-view camera can be used with a 360 ° field of vision.
  • the image data which may be distorted by the optical device, to be evaluated without equalization, that is to say distorted, by the evaluation device.
  • the step of equalization is only necessary if a recognizable image is required for the human eye or understanding.
  • only the abstract image information, such as texture, intensity, color, etc. is necessary for detection, so that equalization would only be an unnecessary increase in the workload.
  • the detection device implements another function, wherein the evaluation device is complementary to the detection and / or Evaluation of object movements in the surveillance area, for example in the sense of a burglar alarm or an alarm system, is formed.
  • the evaluation of object movements in the monitoring area can be based on the same image data as the fire detection, so that no hardware-technical additions are necessary, but only an additional image processing algorithm must be performed by the evaluation.
  • the detection device is designed as a ceiling system, which is mounted on a ceiling, wherein the observation direction of the camera device is preferably aligned perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the ceiling and / or to the ground.
  • the detection device has, for example, mounting options or a housing which is designed for ceiling mounting.
  • the field of view of the camera device is annular, wherein the annular formation surrounds the observation direction, so that a region near the ceiling is detected by the camera device over 360 ° in the direction of rotation.
  • the detection device is designed as a multi-criteria detector, wherein, in addition to the camera device, one or more further sensor devices for fire detection are integrated.
  • the sensor device can be designed, for example, as an optical sensor, in particular according to the scattered light principle, a thermal sensor, in particular a temperature sensor, and / or as a chemical sensor, in particular a carbon monoxide or dioxide sensor.
  • the detection device comprises an embedded system, in particular in a common housing with the camera device, and / or via a field bus, in particular a two-wire field bus, a two-wire line or via a four-wire system. Line connected with respect to the data transmission and the power supply and / or connectable.
  • the camera device and / or the evaluation device and / or the detection device can automatically switch between a power-saving sleep state and a monitor state.
  • the camera equipment can operate at a low refresh rate of less than 15 Hertz.
  • the evaluation device is activated, for example, only at the relevant measuring times, the image data evaluated, optionally stored and then deactivated again, for example by a sleep mode (sleep mode) is turned on.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a method for detecting fires and / or fire characteristics in a surveillance area, wherein a detection device, preferably according to one of the preceding claims or as just described, a central and / or central area optically and / or programmatically hides and a detection device surrounding, in particular annular, near-ceiling portion of the monitoring area receives and an evaluation detected by evaluation of image data of the recorded portion of the fires or fire characteristics.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic representation of a detection device 1 as an embodiment of the invention.
  • the detection device 1 comprises a sensor element 2, which is designed, for example, as a CCD chip, CMOS chip, UV, VIS, NIR, FIR camera or the like and enables a spatially resolved detection of an image and converts it into image data.
  • the sensor element 2 is preceded by an optical device 3 which, as a beam-shaping system, makes it possible to image a section of a monitoring area onto the sensor element 2.
  • the optical device 3 can be designed, for example, as a fisheye (fish eye), a specially ground lens, a prism, a diffractive element or optical system or a reflective optical system, for example in the form of a mirrored torus.
  • fisheye fish eye
  • prism a diffractive element or optical system
  • a reflective optical system for example in the form of a mirrored torus.
  • the opening angle of the field of view 4 of the camera device 6 formed by the optical device 3 and the sensor element 2 is described by a maximum viewing angle alpha, which is measured in a plane which is coplanar with the vector of the observation direction 5, so that the vector of the observation direction 5 in FIG this level lies.
  • the maximum viewing angle alpha is at least 120 °, preferably at least 150 ° and in particular at least 180 °.
  • a region 7 that circulates the detection device 1 is likewise detected by the camera device 6.
  • the image data recorded with the sensor element 2 are forwarded, for example, as video data to an evaluation device 8, which is equipped with a fire detection module 9 for the detection of fires and / or fires on the basis of the image data.
  • a fire detection module 9 for the detection of fires and / or fires on the basis of the image data.
  • abstract image information such as texture, intensity, color are evaluated, whereas preferred no object recognition or segmentation is performed.
  • the evaluation device also includes a motion detection module 10, which detects object movements in the field of view 4 on the basis of the same image data and triggers a signal according to predefinable rules.
  • the evaluation device 8 has a signal output 11, via which a signal, in particular a fire alarm signal or a break-in signal, can be output.
  • the evaluation device 8 can be an integral part of the detection device 1, e.g. be in a common housing, alternatively, the image data via a wired or wireless connection to an evaluation center, in which the evaluation device 8 is arranged.
  • the optical device 3 can optionally have an autofocus and / or a static or variable aperture, which can be set either manually or automatically.
  • the depth of field extends, for example, from a range of greater than 1 m to infinity.
  • the FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic representation of the detection device 1 in a mounted state on a ceiling 12 of a room.
  • the detection device 1 can also be installed sunk.
  • the detection device 1 is designed as a point-shaped detector, which in the embodiment in the FIG. 2 has a field of view with a maximum viewing angle of 180 °. In the direction of rotation around the camera, that is, perpendicular to the paper plane, the field of view is 360 °. With this embodiment of the field of view, the detection device 1 as a point-shaped detector completely monitor a larger space, especially detect in the corner regions of the room.
  • the viewing angle alpha can also be greater than 180 °, so that the area 7 near the ceiling is detected at least in sections.
  • the observation direction 5 of the detection device 1 is directed perpendicularly to the ground, so that in particular in the edge region of the field of view 4 areas 13 close to the ceiling are monitored, in which smoke or similar emissions usually accumulate in the event of a fire.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modified embodiment of the detection device 1 in FIG. 1 , wherein mechanically or programmatically, a central or central blind area 14 is covered or hidden in the field of view 4 and thereby becomes an unmonitored area.
  • a central or central blind area 14 is covered or hidden in the field of view 4 and thereby becomes an unmonitored area.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
EP08874014A 2008-04-25 2008-11-21 Detektionsvorrichtung sowie verfahren zur detektion von bränden und/oder von brandmerkmalen Not-in-force EP2272054B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008001383A DE102008001383A1 (de) 2008-04-25 2008-04-25 Detektionsvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Detektion von Bränden und/oder von Brandmerkmalen
PCT/EP2008/065995 WO2009129870A1 (de) 2008-04-25 2008-11-21 Detektionsvorrichtung sowie verfahren zur detektion von bränden und/oder von brandmerkmalen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2272054A1 EP2272054A1 (de) 2011-01-12
EP2272054B1 true EP2272054B1 (de) 2013-01-09

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EP08874014A Not-in-force EP2272054B1 (de) 2008-04-25 2008-11-21 Detektionsvorrichtung sowie verfahren zur detektion von bränden und/oder von brandmerkmalen

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US (1) US8754942B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2272054B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102016944B (zh)
DE (1) DE102008001383A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2009129870A1 (zh)

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WO2009129870A1 (de) 2009-10-29
US20110050902A1 (en) 2011-03-03
EP2272054A1 (de) 2011-01-12
CN102016944A (zh) 2011-04-13
CN102016944B (zh) 2014-12-03
DE102008001383A1 (de) 2009-10-29
US8754942B2 (en) 2014-06-17

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