EP2270762A2 - Détecteur de fumée et procédé de contrôle des impuretés sur les ouvertures de passage des fumées - Google Patents

Détecteur de fumée et procédé de contrôle des impuretés sur les ouvertures de passage des fumées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2270762A2
EP2270762A2 EP10004157A EP10004157A EP2270762A2 EP 2270762 A2 EP2270762 A2 EP 2270762A2 EP 10004157 A EP10004157 A EP 10004157A EP 10004157 A EP10004157 A EP 10004157A EP 2270762 A2 EP2270762 A2 EP 2270762A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke
air flow
fan
secondary air
passage openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10004157A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2270762B1 (fr
EP2270762A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Danz
Sebastian Schnepel
Gerhard Niederfeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ista International GmbH
Original Assignee
Ista International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2270762A2 publication Critical patent/EP2270762A2/fr
Publication of EP2270762A3 publication Critical patent/EP2270762A3/fr
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Publication of EP2270762B1 publication Critical patent/EP2270762B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector with a housing which has smoke passage openings and comprises a smoke detector and an alarm signaling device.
  • the invention further relates to a method for checking the contamination of smoke passage openings of a smoke detector with a housing.
  • Smoke detectors are known in the art and commonly have a smoke detector of e.g. may have an optical detection path, and an alarm signaling device, which are housed in a housing.
  • a housing is usually mounted on a ceiling, in order to detect smoke which arises in a fire safely.
  • a housing may for example be divided into a cover-side base and a room-side housing cover, both of which can be joined together after mounting the base to the ceiling.
  • an optical detection path for example realized by a light-emitting element and a scattered light sensor, can be reliably detected when smoke enters through the smoke passage openings in the housing in the optical detection path and there leads to a light scattering.
  • an alarm signaling device e.g. acoustic type
  • a corresponding acoustic sound generator e.g. may have a piezoelectric element.
  • Smoke alarms of this known type can therefore usually include appropriate electronics in addition to the aforementioned devices to measure the scattered light by means of the scattered light sensor and to control the alarm signaling device.
  • smoke openings of a smoke alarm are deliberately closed by people. Such a case may occur when smoke detectors are used e.g. be covered for renovation work, for example, when painting a ceiling. In such a situation, a smoke alarm device is no longer safe to operate.
  • acoustic or optical methods are often used to detect the pollution metrologically, with such methods or smoke detectors prove to be unreliable if necessary, especially in methods that rely on acoustic, especially resonance measurement, since the acoustic behavior of a smoke detector not only by the contamination of the openings themselves but also by internal dirt deposits in the housing of the smoke detectors, or by mechanical damage housing can change, but otherwise do not affect the functioning of a smoke detector.
  • a method for checking the contamination of smoke openings a smoke alarm is provided with a housing in which inside the housing with a fan, at least temporarily, a total air flow is generated, which, in particular by a selected air duct, divides into a main air flow passing through the smoke passage openings and a secondary air flow within the housing, wherein the strength of the secondary air flow is measured as a measure of the pollution or the throttle wheel of the smoke passage openings.
  • the main air flow enters the housing from the outside through the smoke passage openings and exits the housing through at least one outlet opening.
  • the air duct also corresponds to the actual path of the smoke in a fire.
  • the main air flow can also be provided to guide the main air flow so that it emerges from the smoke passage openings and enters the housing through at least one inlet opening.
  • the features mentioned below in relation to the first type of air guide also apply to the second alternative type of air guide, in which case the at least one "inlet opening” is to be replaced by "outlet opening”.
  • the very essential advantage of the method according to the invention is that actually a size is measured, namely an air flow that is directly influenced by the degree of contamination or throttling degree of the smoke passage openings, but not by possibly other changes that are made to the smoke alarm or with time.
  • a total air flow is generated here by the at least temporary energization of a fan, for example with a control device.
  • This total air flow is made up of two variable parts of one Main air flow and a secondary air flow, which are guided as mentioned above, or result from a design-related air flow.
  • the smoke detector reports its pollution, e.g. by a signal (optical / acoustic) or a message to a control center, if the flow in the secondary air flow exceeds a predetermined / predefinable limit.
  • Such a limit may e.g. be stored in the smoke detector.
  • the limit value during commissioning of such a smoke alarm device can be determined and stored by determining the strength of the secondary air flow of the new unpolluted smoke alarm device at initial startup and storing it as a limit value for later comparison.
  • the secondary air flow occurs only within the housing, so as to ensure a perfect dependence on the main air flow without further influencing.
  • this air duct is determined by a partition, by means of the interior of the housing of the smoke alarm is divided into two chambers and a first through hole in the partition, in which Fan is arranged and at least one second passage opening in the partition, which connects as well as the first two chambers.
  • An inventive smoke alarm which is suitable for carrying out this method according to the invention, therefore has the features that the interior of the housing is divided by a partition wall into two chambers, the first chamber comprises the smoke passage openings and the second chamber at least one opening (exit or Inlet opening, depending on the direction of air flow in the main air flow), which connects the second chamber with the environment.
  • a first passage opening and at least one second passage opening are arranged, which connect the two chambers, respectively.
  • an at least temporarily actuated / actuated fan is arranged, with which a total air flow through the first passage opening in the partition is generated, which is divided into a main air flow through the smoke passage openings and the opening which connects the second chamber with the environment, and a secondary air flow between the chambers through the first and the at least one second passage opening, wherein a sensor element is provided, with which the strength of the secondary air flow is measurable, which as mentioned above, depends on the degree of contamination of the smoke passage opening.
  • two alternative directions of flow for the main air flow can be provided or selected, if necessary. Also by a reversibility of the fan rotation direction, namely preferably from the outside through the smoke passage openings to the first passage opening and from there to the at least one opening in the second chamber to the surroundings, this opening then serving as an outlet opening, or vice versa, this at least one opening then serving as an inlet opening.
  • the sensor element is arranged in or in the region of the at least one second passage opening.
  • This arrangement is particularly preferred since, in the region of the at least one second through-opening, a maximum flow velocity is achieved on account of the maximum achieved reduction in cross-section in the through-opening. Therefore, the measurement accuracy proves to be the largest at this point.
  • a smoke alarm device is constructed in two parts, in which case, as a possible embodiment, said second chamber is assigned to a base area, i. an area which is mounted on a ceiling of a room and the first chamber is associated with a cover of the housing, which is thus monited room side.
  • said second chamber is assigned to a base area, i. an area which is mounted on a ceiling of a room and the first chamber is associated with a cover of the housing, which is thus monited room side.
  • any suitable sensor element can be used to measure the strength of the secondary air flow.
  • a rotor in a second passage opening, which is set in rotation by the secondary air flow which occurs through this second passage opening.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor for example, optically by a light barrier or by voltages in a driven by the rotor Generator are induced to measure the strength of the secondary air flow.
  • the sensor element is set up to measure the temperature profile of a heated and cooling in the secondary air flow means. From the measured with the sensor element temperature profile can then be determined a measure of the strength of the secondary air flow and thus the pollution or throttling of the smoke passage openings.
  • a measure of the strength of the secondary air flow can be determined.
  • the sensor element itself, the flowing secondary air or a separate element can be used.
  • a sensor element may e.g. be designed as a temperature-dependent resistor, for example as a resistor with a negative temperature coefficient (NTC).
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • Such or other non-moving sensor elements have the particular advantage that friction does not have to be overcome, as for example in the case of the rotor initially mentioned, in order to initially set it in motion. Accordingly, such a rotor will only sufficiently detect flow velocity above a certain minimum level, since it will only be set into rotation from standstill from such a minimum thickness.
  • the preferred sensor element which is designed for example as a temperature-dependent resistor, regardless of any friction effects to be overcome, so that even the lowest flow velocities can be measured safely.
  • a heating device may be used which is provided in the housing, e.g. is arranged in one of the two chambers or in a passage opening.
  • a heating element may be arranged separately, in particular adjacent to the sensor element, e.g. if it is intended to heat the sensor element itself or the flowing secondary air.
  • the sensor element itself may also constitute the heating device, e.g. as a temporary energized temperature-dependent resistance. Such a resistor will heat up by current supply up to a certain temperature and can then be cooled by the secondary air flow.
  • a corresponding control and / or measuring device can be provided within the smoke alarm, with which the heating of the used agent takes place, e.g. the heating of a separate heating device or the energization of the sensor element takes place and / or the subsequent measurement of the cooling behavior, in particular measurement of the resistance value with time.
  • the fan before performing a measurement, as described above, the fan first for a predetermined / predeterminable time to a thermal and / or hydrothermal balance in the smoke detector without heating so before the actual measurement phase receive. It may then in an alternative the measuring process, i. the heating takes place immediately when the fan is running or in a contrast preferred variant only after the fan for a turn predetermined / predetermined time was stopped. The heating therefore takes place when the fan is at standstill, after which, after the heating up, the fan is then started again for a predetermined / predefinable measuring time, e.g. until a certain limit (temperature or resistance) has been reached in the course of the temperature.
  • a predetermined / predefinable measuring time e.g. until a certain limit (temperature or resistance) has been reached in the course of the temperature.
  • a heating can take place even when the fan is running.
  • the smoke alarm instead of only a single second passage opening to provide at least two second through holes, wherein the sensor element for determining the Strength of the secondary air flow in one of the at least two passage openings is arranged.
  • the passage in the cross section is reduced by the arrangement of the sensor element, for example, the resistance in one of the two through holes, but due to the at least one further through hole enough further cross section remains to achieve a significant secondary air flow.
  • a control device in the smoke detector which is adapted to energize the fan for checking the contamination of the smoke passage openings at least temporarily. This can be done periodically, in particular automatically, e.g. by an internal program within the smoke detector.
  • an external request may be given, for example, by maintenance personnel located in the vicinity of the smoke alarm device, or may also be given at a distance from it remotely, e.g. by a request that is communicated by radio to the smoke detector, for which this may have a corresponding radio receiving device.
  • a smoke detector comprises a communication device, for example, which also allows the reception of the aforementioned requirement, by means of the result of the measurement of the strength of the secondary air flow and thus a measure of the pollution of the smoke passage openings to an external receiving unit is, for example, a management system.
  • a communication device for example, which also allows the reception of the aforementioned requirement, by means of the result of the measurement of the strength of the secondary air flow and thus a measure of the pollution of the smoke passage openings to an external receiving unit is, for example, a management system.
  • Such Message can be wired, but more preferably wirelessly via wireless.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the smoke alarm device and the method according to the invention is seen therein, when the present in the housing of the smoke alarm fan is also used in addition to its purpose of checking the contamination to at least temporarily suck ambient air into the housing, e.g. To avoid false alarms or to improve the response, in particular to shorten the response time.
  • a control device may be configured to cause this suction when detection takes place in the detection path. In this case, before an external alarm triggering this sucking done to check whether it is only a short-term detection, e.g. with cigarette smoke or an insect or dust / aerosol etc. or whether smoke still follows.
  • the smoke detector With such a detection or initially internal alarm triggering and subsequent energization of the fan, ambient air is then actively drawn into the smoke alarm device.
  • the smoke detector In the case of an insect or a merely limited cloud of, for example, cigarette smoke, dust, etc., the smoke detector will detect with its detector, eg optical detection path that no smoke due to a source of fire is present.
  • the first passage opening in which the fan is arranged is given by the inner free cross section of a cylindrical pipe section, which in the partition is arranged and receives the fan.
  • first through-opening and the at least one second through-opening may be spaced in the direction of the diameter of the dividing wall, in particular for smoke detectors, which are usually circular in cross-section. In this way, a maximum decency between the two passage openings can be achieved, which ensures that a clear division of the total air flow in the main and secondary air flow is effected.
  • the fan may be provided to use the fan to blow the smoke passage openings of dirt.
  • a direction of rotation of the fan is preferably selected, which causes the main air flow from the interior of the housing through the smoke passage openings leads to the outside, so that dirt is carried out of the smoke alarm. It may be provided to operate the fan faster rotating than is the case with a measurement of pollution.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a housing G of a smoke detector, in which the simplification of the inventive principle, a smoke detector and an alarm device, in particular as an optical detection path with light emitter and scattered light receiver, and for example an acoustic tone generator are not shown.
  • the FIG. 1 shows that it is provided according to the invention, the total internal volume of the housing G to divide into two chambers, namely with respect to the FIG. 1 , in an upper chamber 1 and a lower chamber 2.
  • the lower chamber 2 may be assigned to a mounting base of the smoke alarm, so that in the actual mounting situation of the smoke alarm on a room ceiling, the chamber 2 is arranged on the ceiling side.
  • two passage openings are provided in the partition 3, which here causes the separation between the two chambers 1 and 2, namely here a particular left-side passage opening 6 in which a fan 8 is arranged, and a particular right-side passage opening. 7 in or in the vicinity of which a sensor element 9 is arranged.
  • the left or Right-side orientation of the through hole for the principle of the invention irrelevant.
  • the fan 8 is energized, which is e.g. can be done by a provided in the smoke detector control device, so a total air flow is generated which takes place in this embodiment of the chamber 1 into the chamber 2 through the passage opening 6 therethrough.
  • this total air stream is divided into a main air flow H and a secondary air flow N.
  • the main air flow H is formed by ambient air L, which is sucked through the smoke passage openings 4 in the chamber 1.
  • this ambient air is conveyed as a part of the total air flow through the passage opening 6 and occurs due to the pressure increase caused thereby in the chamber 2 through the opening 5, which acts here as the outlet opening 5 in this chamber 2 in turn in the direction of the environment.
  • the Strömunsoplasty is also reversed and the opening 5 would act as an inlet opening. All following explanations apply analogously to this alternative flow direction.
  • an internal secondary air flow is effected, in which air is conveyed within the two chambers 1 and 2 as a side stream N shown here in a circle, said circle between the two chambers 1 and 2 both through the passage opening 6, in which the fan is arranged, as well as through the passage opening 7 is closed.
  • main and secondary air flow it is irrelevant in all possible embodiments that in practice the air mixes the main and secondary air flow and separates again.
  • a measure of the degree of soiling or throttling of the main air flow is accordingly the flow velocity in the secondary air flow N, which, as shown here, can be measured by a sensor element 9, which is located in or in the vicinity of the second through-opening 7.
  • a sensor element 9 which is located in or in the vicinity of the second through-opening 7.
  • it may be a temperature dependent resistor whose cooling behavior, i. whose resistance change can be measured with time after heating by energizing.
  • the so measured measure of the flow rate which is a measure of the pollution of the smoke passage openings 4, can be stored for example in all possible embodiments of the invention within a Rauchwarnmeiders and / or external to e.g. be communicated by radio in order to document a check of the Rauchwarnmeiders on function and continuity of the flue gas inlet openings.
  • the invention can also be used to shorten response times or to exclude false alarms, by a temporary detection of foreign bodies within the example optically designed detection path.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP10004157.3A 2009-06-29 2010-04-20 Détecteur de fumée et procédé de contrôle des impuretés sur les ouvertures de passage des fumées Active EP2270762B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009031099A DE102009031099A1 (de) 2009-06-29 2009-06-29 Rauchwarnmelder und Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Verschmutzung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2270762A2 true EP2270762A2 (fr) 2011-01-05
EP2270762A3 EP2270762A3 (fr) 2012-01-04
EP2270762B1 EP2270762B1 (fr) 2018-03-07

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EP10004157.3A Active EP2270762B1 (fr) 2009-06-29 2010-04-20 Détecteur de fumée et procédé de contrôle des impuretés sur les ouvertures de passage des fumées

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US (1) US8294587B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2270762B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009031099A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2270762T3 (fr)

Cited By (6)

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EP2624229A1 (fr) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mesure du flux d'air permettant de contrôler l'état de bon fonctionnement d'un détecteur de type chambre à fumée.
DE102015004458A1 (de) 2014-06-26 2015-12-31 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren für einen klassifizierenden, rauchkammerlosen Luftzustandssensor
DE102014019773A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons
DE102014019172A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem
EP2595132A3 (fr) * 2011-11-17 2016-09-14 Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH Dispositif d'alarme
EP4246483A1 (fr) 2022-03-18 2023-09-20 Siemens Schweiz AG Détecteurs d'incendie à thermistances non chauffées, en particulier ntcs, destinés à la détection des fluctuations thermiques dans la zone des ouvertures d'entrée, ainsi que procédé correspondant

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2595132A3 (fr) * 2011-11-17 2016-09-14 Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH Dispositif d'alarme
EP2624229A1 (fr) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mesure du flux d'air permettant de contrôler l'état de bon fonctionnement d'un détecteur de type chambre à fumée.
DE102015004458A1 (de) 2014-06-26 2015-12-31 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren für einen klassifizierenden, rauchkammerlosen Luftzustandssensor
DE102014019773A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons
DE102014019172A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem
EP4246483A1 (fr) 2022-03-18 2023-09-20 Siemens Schweiz AG Détecteurs d'incendie à thermistances non chauffées, en particulier ntcs, destinés à la détection des fluctuations thermiques dans la zone des ouvertures d'entrée, ainsi que procédé correspondant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK2270762T3 (en) 2018-06-18
US8294587B2 (en) 2012-10-23
EP2270762B1 (fr) 2018-03-07
DE102009031099A1 (de) 2010-12-30
EP2270762A3 (fr) 2012-01-04
US20100328082A1 (en) 2010-12-30

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