EP2261414B1 - Procédé de détermination de substances actives lors du nettoyage dans un liquide de traitement - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination de substances actives lors du nettoyage dans un liquide de traitement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2261414B1
EP2261414B1 EP10004411.4A EP10004411A EP2261414B1 EP 2261414 B1 EP2261414 B1 EP 2261414B1 EP 10004411 A EP10004411 A EP 10004411A EP 2261414 B1 EP2261414 B1 EP 2261414B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
treatment liquid
cleaning
active substances
sample
measurement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10004411.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2261414A1 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Bringewatt
Engelbert Heinz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP2261414A1 publication Critical patent/EP2261414A1/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/0018—Controlling processes, i.e. processes to control the operation of the machine characterised by the purpose or target of the control
    • A47L15/0055—Metering or indication of used products, e.g. type or quantity of detergent, rinse aid or salt; for measuring or controlling the product concentration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
    • D06F34/22—Condition of the washing liquid, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/20—Washing liquid condition, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/42—Detergent or additive supply
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining cleaning-active substances in a treatment liquid according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a wide variety of objects are cleaned, in particular washed, using a treatment liquid containing at least one cleaning-active substance.
  • containers for example bottles, workpieces and items of laundry, are cleaned or washed in this way.
  • Cleaning-active and washing-active substances are understood to mean other substances used in cleaning or washing, such as, for example, disinfection-active and bleach-active substances.
  • the treatment liquid is exchanged between successive treatment steps or successive cleaning processes.
  • the treatment liquid there are still unused cleaning-active substances which are lost when the treatment liquid is replaced. This makes the treatment unnecessarily expensive and can also lead to environmental pollution. For this reason, efforts are made to at least partially reuse the treatment liquid.
  • the reuse of the treatment liquid requires that the proportion of unused cleaning-active substances still present in the same be determined. Based on the determined content of cleaning-active substances in the treatment liquid a decision is made as to whether and in what amount cleaning-active substances have to be added. The determination of the cleaning-active substances still contained in the treatment liquid is time-consuming. For this reason, only random samples have so far been carried out, which means that treatment with sufficient cleaning-active substances is not always guaranteed. In particular in the food industry, for example when cleaning bottles, the random determination of the remaining cleaning-active substances still present in the treatment liquid can lead to problems because it is not always guaranteed that the cleaning is carried out with a treatment liquid containing sufficiently cleaning-active substances.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method with which the content of cleaning-active substances in the treatment liquid can be determined in a simple and permissible manner during the cleaning process.
  • a method for solving this problem has the measures of claim 1. Accordingly, the cleaning liquid is first filtered and then the proportion of cleaning-active substances in the filtered cleaning liquid is determined.
  • the filtering removes, in particular, undissolved constituents from the treatment liquid, so that a simple automatic measurement of the remaining proportion of cleaning-active substances in the treatment liquid can then take place without interrupting the cleaning process. This makes it possible to determine in a cost-effective manner whether the treatment liquid still contains sufficient cleaning-active substances.
  • the invention it is provided to remove a small portion of the filtered treatment liquid and to measure the proportion of cleaning-active substances in the portion.
  • the subset thus forms a sample that can be examined for the proportion of cleaning-active substances.
  • the actual treatment process is not interrupted by branching off the sample from the treatment liquid.
  • the branched sample can be examined as it were while the cleaning or washing process is in progress.
  • the portion serving as a sample is separated from the treatment liquid with a precisely defined volume, preferably during the ongoing cleaning or washing process. It is preferred provided to separate a sample with an exact volume from the treatment liquid by means of a metering pump. This allows even small amounts of a sample be examined precisely and above all consistently by successive sampling, with reproducible results.
  • the method provides for the partial quantity serving as a sample to be provided with an indicator means, preferably an indicator liquid.
  • the indicator means is also added to the sample in a precisely metered amount, so that an exact concentration of the indicator means in the sample formed from a partial amount of the treatment liquid can be set.
  • the exact ratio of the subset of the treatment liquid and the indicator means enables precisely reproducible and, above all, comparable measurements.
  • the proportion of cleaning-active substances in the portion serving as a sample is determined on the basis of visible properties of the sample.
  • These visible properties of the sample are caused by the addition of the at least one indicator agent.
  • the visible properties are, in particular, the color that appears in the sample after the at least one indicator agent has been added.
  • the degree of turbidity of the sample caused by the addition of the indicator agent can also serve as a visible property.
  • the visible property results from partial discoloration or clouding of the sample contained in a transparent sample container with the added indicator agent. For example, only a lower part of the sample becomes discolored, and the height of the discolored part of the sample that arises in the sample vessel can be used to determine the proportion of as yet unused cleaning-active substances in the examined treatment liquid.
  • the visible properties of the portion of the treatment liquid provided with at least one indicator means are preferably determined by a color measurement, for example a photometric or a spectroscopic color measurement of the sample.
  • a color measurement for example a photometric or a spectroscopic color measurement of the sample.
  • Such a measurement can be carried out reliably and simply automatically within a very short time in that the sample in the transparent sample container is detected by a corresponding sensor, for example a color sensor or a light sensor.
  • the respective sensor supplies a signal that is proportional to the color or another visually perceptible property of the sample and can therefore easily be evaluated automatically.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method provides for the determination of the proportion of cleaning-active substances in the sample by comparing the result of the measurement of the partial amount of the treatment liquid provided with the indicator means, preferably with several reference samples.
  • the reference samples determine the proportion of residual cleaning or washing-active substances in the treatment liquid for a specific color of the sample provided with the indicator agent.
  • the reference sample that corresponds to or comes closest to the color of the sample to be examined then results in the concentration of remaining active substances in the examined treatment liquid.
  • a visual comparison takes place, which can be carried out quickly and, above all, automatically with the aid of appropriate sensors.
  • the filtering of the treatment liquid provided according to the invention before the measurement of the remaining cleaning-active substances is preferably carried out by countercurrent filtration.
  • Microfiltration is also conceivable, which is preferably carried out in a countercurrent process using the membrane technology known per se.
  • the finest suspended constituents in the treatment liquid can be filtered out, so that the treatment liquid becomes clear, that is to say no longer has a cloudiness.
  • the filtered transparent treatment liquid it can be determined very precisely and reliably by color measurement technology, photometry or spectroscopy, how large the remaining portion of the active substances, preferably cleaning-active substances, is in the treatment liquid.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for washing machines of all kinds, but also washing and cleaning machines for other purposes, for example for Cleaning of containers in food technology, for bottle cleaning, for cleaning objects, in particular workpieces, dishwashers, including household dishwashers, and the like washing and cleaning devices.
  • FIG. 1 the method according to the invention is shown schematically in connection with a commercial washing machine 10 and a subsequent dewatering device 11.
  • the washing machine 10 is designed as a so-called continuous washing machine with a cylindrical drum 13 that can be driven to rotate about a preferably horizontal axis of rotation 12.
  • the laundry is passed through the drum 13 along the axis of rotation 12 during washing, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG Fig. 1 left to right.
  • Successive treatment chambers 14 are arranged in the drum 13 of the washing machine 10.
  • the washing machine 10 shown has five treatment chambers 14. However, the invention is not restricted to this.
  • the washing machine 10 can also have more or fewer than five treatment chambers 14.
  • the first treatment chamber 14, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the axis of rotation 12, is longer than the other four treatment chambers 14 of the same length.
  • the invention is also not limited to this.
  • the treatment chambers 14 can all be of the same length or also have any other, even different, lengths.
  • first two treatment chambers 14 form a prewash zone.
  • the subsequent two treatment chambers 14, the third and fourth treatment chambers 14, form a final wash zone.
  • the last (fifth) treatment chamber 14 serves for washing the laundry and thus forms a washing zone.
  • the first treatment chamber 14 of the clear wash zone (third treatment chamber 14 in the Fig. 1 ) is provided with a fixed outer drum 15.
  • the last treatment chamber 14 (fifth treatment chamber 14 in FIG Fig. 1 ) an outer drum 16.
  • the outer drums 15 and 16 serve to separate the laundry in the respective treatment chambers 14 from the treatment liquid bound therein, the free liquor.
  • the treatment liquid collecting in the outer drums 15 and 16 is returned via a return line 17 to the first treatment chamber 14, that is to say Prewash zone and to the third treatment chamber 14, that is to say at the beginning of the final wash zone.
  • Valves (not shown) in the return line 17 can be used to direct the treatment liquid to the beginning of the prewash zone and / or to the beginning of the final wash zone.
  • the return line 17 has at the beginning (based on the direction of flow of the treatment liquid through the return line 17) a prefilter 18 for separating large solid components from the treatment liquid.
  • a first storage tank 19 is located behind the pre-filter 18.
  • This is followed by a feed pump 20 which pumps the treatment liquid through the return line 17.
  • the feed pump 20 can be located at any other point on the return line 17, for example in front of the prefilter 18.
  • the feed pump 20 is followed by a filter 21 in the flow direction of the treatment liquid through the return line 17.
  • the filter 21 branches off from the return line 17 in the exemplary embodiment shown a bypass line 22 leading to a measuring device 23.
  • the measuring device 23 is thereby integrated in the bypass line 22.
  • branch valve 25 In each case, there is a branch valve 25 in each case.
  • the branch valves 25 can be designed as shut-off multi-way valves that can be actuated electromagnetically, for example.
  • a further storage tank 24 is located behind the bypass line 22 and the measuring device 23. The treatment liquid passes from this via the subsequent part of the return line 17 to the beginning of the prewash zone and / or rinse zone.
  • the prefilter 18, the storage tank 19 and / or the storage tank 24 are not absolutely necessary.
  • the method according to the invention can thus also be carried out without it.
  • only the feed pump 20, the filter 21 and the bypass line 22 with the measuring device 23 are provided in the return line 17 in the flow direction.
  • the filter 21 serves to remove undissolved constituents, including fine undissolved constituents, from the treatment liquid.
  • the solid constituents are removed to such an extent that the treatment liquid is no longer cloudy and is clear.
  • the filter 21 is preferably designed as a fine filter.
  • the filter 21 works according to the countercurrent principle with at least one filter membrane.
  • the treatment liquid is filtered very finely by the filter 21, in such a way that at least one microfiltration, preferably an ultrafiltration or a nanofiltration takes place.
  • the measuring device serves to measure during the washing process in the washing machine 10, that is to say with treatment liquid flowing continuously through the return line 17, how high the proportion of unused active substances in the treatment liquid is.
  • the proportion of unused cleaning-active substances is measured in situ with an uninterrupted washing process.
  • the measuring device 23 has one in the Fig. 1 Branch device, not shown, in particular a metering pump, by means of which a precisely predetermined amount of treatment liquid is branched off from the treatment liquid in the bypass line 22.
  • This branched-off treatment liquid represents a small, fixed subset that serves as a sample for determining the active substances still contained in the treatment liquid.
  • the portion of the treatment liquid that is branched off from the metering pump, namely the sample passes into a transparent sample vessel, for example a test tube of a corresponding size.
  • the metering pump directly behind the filter 21 in the return line 17.
  • the metering pump then branches off from the return line 17 a small portion of the treatment liquid serving as a sample with a precisely predetermined volume.
  • the treatment liquid which is then branched off directly from the return line 17 by the metering pump reaches the measuring device 23 via a corresponding line.
  • the bypass line 22 with the two branch valves 25 can be omitted.
  • a feed line 26 for an indicator means is also led to the measuring device 23. Via the feed line 26, a precisely metered amount of the indicator agent is added to the portion of the treatment liquid which branches off from the return line 17 and serves as a sample.
  • the preferably liquid indicator agent is also added to the sample vessel.
  • the measuring device 23 has at least one in the Fig. 1 Sensor, not shown, which determines at least one visually perceptible feature of the sample provided with the indicator means.
  • This is preferably a color sensor that determines the color that the sample receives from the addition of the indicator agent.
  • the sensor delivers a signal dependent on the color of the sample with the indicator means.
  • This signal is compared with data stored in a memory of the measuring device 23, preferably reference values, which were recorded on the basis of reference measurements and correspond to concentrations of active substances in a treatment liquid belonging to certain colors.
  • the measuring device 23 then automatically compares the color of the sample recorded by the respective sensor with the predetermined reference colors.
  • the sample with the added indicator means is disposed of via a discharge line 27.
  • the sample with the indicator means therefore does not return to the return line 17.
  • the treatment liquid from the washing machine 10 with at least one active substance is reused by pumping it back via the return line 17 from the feed pump 20 to the beginning of the prewash and / or final wash zone of the washing machine 10. To reuse the treatment liquid, it is necessary to to determine whether the active substances still contained therein are sufficient for a subsequent washing process.
  • the residual content of active substances in the treatment liquid is determined before and / or during the return thereof to the washing machine 10, specifically "in situ" without interrupting the washing process.
  • the proportion of wash-active substances in the treatment liquid is measured intermittently, namely each time the treatment liquid is separated from the item of laundry washed in each case.
  • the treatment liquid originating from a washing process can be measured several times.
  • the measurement of the proportion of active substances remaining in the treatment liquid by means of the measuring device 23 is carried out by determining visually perceptible properties of a sample.
  • the color of the sample is preferably determined, specifically by photometry or spectroscopy.
  • the treatment liquid is first filtered in front of the measuring device 23, and preferably subjected to fine filtration, for example microfiltration, whereby at least a large part of the particles undissolved in the treatment liquid are removed, so that a clear and preferably colorless treatment liquid leaves the filter 21 without any clouding.
  • fine filtration for example microfiltration
  • a partial amount of the treatment liquid is branched off from the return line 17 from the filtered treatment liquid, with a defined partial amount.
  • This provides a sample with an exact volume of clear and preferably colorless treatment liquid for carrying out the measurement.
  • An exact volume of an indicator agent, in particular an indicator liquid, for example a reagent, is supplied to the treatment liquid.
  • the sample and the indicator means are kept ready in the measuring device 23 in a transparent sample vessel, for example a test tube.
  • the discoloration of the sample which arises by adding the indicator means can be determined by a sensor in the measuring device 23.
  • the determined color of the sample in particular a measurement signal derived therefrom, is compared with reference values of reference measurements stored in the measuring device 23.
  • the concentrations of at least one active substance in the treatment liquid belonging to the individual reference colors are known.
  • the reference colors or corresponding measured values can then be compared with the color of the respective sample. This comparison determines which reference color the color of the sample matches or which reference color the color of the sample comes closest to. Conclusions can then be drawn about the concentration of the remaining cleaning or washing-active substances in the examined treatment liquid.
  • the sample with the indicator agent is disposed of after the measurement. Consequently, the sample is not returned to the return line 17, which could have an effect on the treatment liquid in the return line 17 because the sample contains not only treatment liquid but also the indicator agent, for example a reagent, added to it for measurement.
  • the indicator agent for example a reagent
  • the treatment liquid is either led down the drain and replaced by new treatment liquid, or at least one active substance is metered in.
  • the Fig. 2 shows the method according to the invention together with a bottle cleaning device 28.
  • Bottles to be cleaned are continuously in the treatment direction 29, that is to say based on the illustration in FIG Fig. 2 from left to right, transported through the bottle cleaning device 28.
  • the bottles to be cleaned first pass through a prewash zone 30, then a rinse zone 31 and finally a subsequent rinsing zone 32. Each zone is formed by one of a total of three successive chambers.
  • the cleaning liquid obtained in the prewash zone 30 and in the clear wash zone 31 can be discharged through a return line 33.
  • the cleaning liquid is first filtered.
  • the concentration of the cleaning-active substances still contained in the cleaning liquid is then determined in a measuring device during the ongoing cleaning process.
  • the cleaning liquid is then returned to the prewash zone 30 and / or the rinse zone 31.
  • the determination of the remaining active cleaning substances in the treatment liquid from the bottle cleaning device 28 is carried out in exactly the same way as in the washing machine 10 described above. For this reason, the same reference numbers of the devices in the return line 17 of the washing machine 10 are used for the same devices in the return line 33.
  • a prefilter 18, a storage tank 19, a feed pump 20, a filter 21, a bypass line 22, a measuring device 23 and a storage tank 24 are thus also provided in the flow direction of the cleaning liquid. These are designed in the same way and fulfill the same function as in the washing machine 10.
  • the prefilter 18, the storage tank 19 and / or the storage tank 24 may be missing.
  • the method for determining residual cleaning-active substances in the treatment liquid of the bottle cleaning system 28 takes place in exactly the same way as for the washing machine 10. Reference is therefore made to the method explained in connection with the washing machine 10.
  • the invention is suitable not only for washing machines 10 and bottle cleaning machines 28, but very generally for washing and cleaning machines of all kinds, in particular for commercial laundries, for container cleaning, in food technology, for industrial washing and cleaning processes and also household washing machines and household dishwashers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de détermination de substances à activité de nettoyage dans un liquide de traitement, le liquide de traitement étant tout d'abord filtré, puis la proportion de substances à activité de nettoyage non usées dans le liquide de traitement filtré étant mesurée avant sa réutilisation, et des propriétés visibles d'une quantité partielle, causées par l'ajout d'un indicateur, étant déterminées, caractérisé en ce que la quantité partielle ayant un volume défini exact est déchargée à partir du liquide de traitement filtré et la proportion de substances à activité de nettoyage dans la quantité partielle servant d'échantillon est mesurée, des constituants troublants étant éliminés en totalité du liquide de traitement lors de la filtration de celui-ci et la mesure de la proportion des substances à activité de nettoyage dans le liquide de traitement ayant lieu de manière cadencée lors de chaque séparation du liquide de traitement du lot de lavage respectivement lavé.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la quantité partielle ayant le volume défini exact est séparée par un dispositif de dosage, par exemple une pompe de dosage, du liquide de traitement filtré.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'indicateur, de préférence un liquide indicateur, est ajouté à la quantité partielle du liquide de traitement en une quantité déterminée, dosée de manière exacte.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les propriétés visibles de la quantité partielle ou de l'échantillon du liquide de traitement muni de l'indicateur sont déterminées par une mesure de couleur, de préférence une mesure de couleur photométrique ou spectrométrique.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la mesure de la proportion des substances à activité de nettoyage dans la quantité partielle ou l'échantillon du liquide de traitement a lieu par comparaison du résultat de la mesure de la quantité partielle ou de l'échantillon muni de l'indicateur avec de préférence plusieurs échantillons de référence.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la mesure, notamment la mesure de couleur, et/ou la comparaison avec des échantillons de référence sont réalisées automatiquement.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la filtration du liquide de traitement a lieu par une filtration à contre-courant, de préférence avec au moins une membrane de filtration.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la filtration du liquide de traitement a lieu par une filtration fine, notamment une microfiltration.
EP10004411.4A 2009-06-12 2010-04-27 Procédé de détermination de substances actives lors du nettoyage dans un liquide de traitement Active EP2261414B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009025158A DE102009025158A1 (de) 2009-06-12 2009-06-12 Verfahren zur Ermittlung reinigungsaktiver Substanzen in einer Behandlungsflüssigkeit

Publications (2)

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EP2261414A1 EP2261414A1 (fr) 2010-12-15
EP2261414B1 true EP2261414B1 (fr) 2020-06-24

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EP (1) EP2261414B1 (fr)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2570928T3 (es) * 2012-03-29 2016-05-23 Candy Spa Aparato para la recuperación del líquido de lavado y/o enjuagado en un lavavajillas
JP2021534911A (ja) 2018-08-27 2021-12-16 エコラボ ユーエスエー インコーポレイティド 微粒子含有液体サンプルを濾過することなく抽出するためのシステムおよび技術

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US3896827A (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-07-29 Norman R Robinson Dish machine monitoring of time, temperature, alkalinity, and pressure parameters
DE3916910A1 (de) * 1989-05-24 1990-11-29 Henkel Kgaa Einrichtung zum dosieren von desinfektionsmitteln
US5272893A (en) * 1992-09-11 1993-12-28 White Consolidated Industries, Inc. Enzyme bath maintenance system
DE4436141A1 (de) * 1994-10-10 1996-04-11 E & S Automation Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen und Sterilisieren von Gegenständen
DE10056069B4 (de) * 2000-11-08 2004-04-15 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Messung der Konzentration von Peroxodisulfat
US20030213069A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 Tortorici Paul Lee System and method of surfactant dosing
DE102007019193A1 (de) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-23 Herbert Kannegiesser Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nassbehandlung von Wäschestücken
EP1997948B1 (fr) * 2007-05-29 2018-08-15 Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH Procédé de traitement humide de pièces de linge

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Publication number Publication date
DK2261414T3 (da) 2020-09-14
EP2261414A1 (fr) 2010-12-15
DE102009025158A1 (de) 2010-12-16

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