EP2244833B1 - Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen filterung anhand optimierter ausstrahlender stellen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen filterung anhand optimierter ausstrahlender stellen Download PDF

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EP2244833B1
EP2244833B1 EP09712928A EP09712928A EP2244833B1 EP 2244833 B1 EP2244833 B1 EP 2244833B1 EP 09712928 A EP09712928 A EP 09712928A EP 09712928 A EP09712928 A EP 09712928A EP 2244833 B1 EP2244833 B1 EP 2244833B1
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Prior art keywords
cathode
voltage
points
plane
sectors
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French (fr)
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EP2244833A2 (de
Inventor
Florent Lemont
Antoine Silvestre De Ferron
Thierry Reess
Aldo Russello
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Universite de Pau et des Pays de lAdour
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Universite de Pau et des Pays de lAdour
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/08—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of industrial installations generating toxic or non-toxic dusts, such as particles suspended in a fluid. This is the case for processes for heat treatment of hazardous materials, such as organic nuclear waste, toxic industrial waste or hazardous raw materials.
  • the invention relates to the field of electrostatic filtration devices, whether they are plate or tubular structures. It may also relate to any gas ionization device.
  • the major advantage of this type of equipment is that, on the one hand, it does not generate pressure drop in the processing units and, on the other hand, that it does not require the implementation of media filtering, often causing additional costs and secondary waste for which it is necessary to find outlets.
  • the production of secondary waste is often responsible for a significant reduction in the financial profitability of the installation.
  • electrostatic filters are based on the electrical charge of the particles contained in a gas and which then migrate to a collection wall, under the action of an electrostatic field. Ionization is usually performed by a cathode and the collection is an anode. The distance between the two electrodes ensures the flow of gases without generating a pressure drop.
  • the geometries most commonly used to form these electrodes are of the "wire-plane” type, in which the cathodes are characterized by axially symmetrical wire structures placed between collecting plates being brought to potentials. anodic. "Wire-cylinder” type geometries are less commonly used, although just as effective and can be easier to maintain.
  • the nature of the voltage applied to the cathode and the geometry of the cathode are two fundamental parameters that drive the operation and endurance of an electrostatic filter.
  • the geometries commonly used are tungsten wire or barbed wire, whose tips are randomly distributed and provide better emissivity of the electrode.
  • the applied voltages are of continuous type and limited to breakdown voltages in the spaces between the electrodes.
  • the figure 1 presents the results of an experiment conducted on a tubular type filter about 300 mm in diameter and whose tungsten wire electrode was maintained at 67 kV. For a little more than 5 hours, it is visible, between points 1 and 4, that the associated efficiency gradually decreases from 99.6% to 93.6%. A gradual increase of the voltage to 80 kV, visible by the points 5 and 6, allows a return of the efficiency to 99%, but which will remain only a few minutes, before decreasing again. The level of tension is then maximal and becomes generator of untimely arcs, the appearance of which causes a decrease of efficiency. In order to maintain efficiency levels at their optimum, operators and users of this type of technology are required to undertake relatively repetitive cleaning cycles, which are often provided by mechanical threshing of the structures, thus leading to more or less retraining. less important particles in the gas streams.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate this point. Indeed, with reference to the Figure 2A when the filter is clean, the dust is loaded upon entry and migrates to the wall to form a layer on the anode. When the dust is removed from the diaper, they have the opportunity to migrate again to get trapped a little higher. Thus, the layer, referenced 1 on the Figure 2B , is limited to the lower zone of the filter, with a more diffuse part on the upper zone.
  • safety zone 3 collects the dust possibly emitted back into the gaseous fluid. In fact, this zone is inefficient and could be limited by optimizing the geometry of the cathode and its piloting.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages, by proposing another type of electrostatic filter and emitting electrodes. More specifically, the object of the invention is to extend the useful area of the device to the entire length of the electrodes and, on the other hand, to delay the passages to the arc responsible for efficiency decreases, then necessary stops to clean the device.
  • the latter is based on the use of a cathode coupled to a supply that can be hybrid, that is to say continuous and / or pulse. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to extend the useful zone to the entire length of the electrostatic filter and, on the other hand, to delay the passages to the arc, which are responsible for the efficiency decreases, then stops for cleaning.
  • a cathode is more effective than it is likely to easily load particles in a gas stream.
  • the main object of the invention is an electrostatic filtration device having at least one emitting cathode placed in a filtration channel.
  • the cathode has points distributed in a plurality of planes and offset in angular orientation from one plane to another, the voltage having at least one DC component.
  • the voltage also has a pulsed component added to the DC component, and provided by a generator which provides a very steep cut-off edge, that is to say a rise time of the order of 150 ns.
  • the cathode is sectorized by a succession of N isolated sectors comprising several planes of points.
  • the channel of the device is tubular, in particular its collecting anode.
  • the cathode is unique and has several points per plane, the tips being angularly offset from one plane to the other.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that there are eight points per plane, offset from each other by 45 °, an offset of 22.5 ° being provided from a plane relative to the other.
  • the number n of planes P is equal to 30 L / D.Lnd, L being the height of the tube, D being its diameter, lnd being the natural logarithm of d which is the distance between the end of the tips and the wall of the collecting anode.
  • the filtration channel is defined by two plates constituting two parallel anodes, several cathodes, having two points per plane disposed perpendicular to the anodes, parallel to each other, the planes of a cathode being offset from the plane of the adjacent cathodes.
  • the planes of the adjacent cathodes are shifted by a height of h / 2 relative to the plane of the cathode considered.
  • the space between two cathodes is equal to about the distance separating them from the two anode plates.
  • a first way of carrying out the power supply is to switch on the entire cathode at a first voltage U 1 which is continuous and equal to a function (for example 70%) of the breakdown voltage U c and increased by one second continuous voltage U 2 smaller than or equal to the breakdown voltage U c minus the first voltage U 1 .
  • This second voltage U 2 is applied to each of the sectors, this voltage being suppressed as soon as breakdowns appear in the first sector and successively in the following sectors, if necessary, until no more arcs appear.
  • the first and second voltages U 1 and U 2 are therefore continuous.
  • the second way of supplying the device according to the invention is that the first voltage U 1 is equal to a fraction (for example 50%) of the voltage U c of breakdown, U 1 being continuous, and increased by a second voltage determined U P pulsed, such that the sum of the first voltage U 1 and the second voltage U P is greater than or equal to the breakdown voltage U c .
  • the second determined voltage U P is removed in each sector as soon as arcs appear at the same.
  • the cathode is composed of a central core 10 on which has been fixed a large number of points 11 which extend radially, perpendicular to the axis of the central core 10.
  • the tips 11 appear angularly offset from each other by 22.5 °.
  • this figure 3A is a view from above and the tips 11, which appear successively offset from each other with respect to others, are those of two different planes, a plane of order P and a plane of order P + 1.
  • all the points 11P of the plane of order P are angularly spaced by 45 ° relative to each other , as well as all 11P tips.
  • the figure 3B shows the same cathode with its central core 10, these different tips 11P and 11N + 1, placed inside a cylindrical and hollow anode 12 whose diameter D is greater than twice the length of the tips 11P and 11P + 1
  • the ends of these points 11, 11P + 1 therefore constitute emissive sites regularly distributed in space.
  • N L / D.
  • the second main embodiment of the filtration device according to the invention consists in using a filter of the type with plates.
  • the Figure 4B shows this device in top view.
  • There are two parallel anodes 22 each consisting of a plate and between which is a row of cathode 20.
  • Each of these has several pairs of tips 21, fixed to the core of the cathode 20, radially relative to this last and perpendicular to the two anodes 22.
  • the tips 21 of the cathodes 20 are distributed in several planes.
  • the figure 4C allows to see the distribution of these points 21R and 21R + 1. on the height H of the set. It will be noted that, for a cathode of rank R, the tips 21R are located in separate planes of a given height h.
  • the cathode R + 1 has points 21R + 1, which are also placed in planes distant from the height h, these planes being offset by a distance h / 2 with respect to the planes of the adjacent cathode of rank R .
  • the distance between these tips could be 70 mm. This distance varies according to the length of the tips, which itself also varies the voltage used in this cathode, including the breakdown voltage U c .
  • the distance between the two collecting anodes 22 is of 400 mm, the cathodes 20 being placed midway between these two anodes 22, that is to say 200 mm from each of the two.
  • the flow of gas is perpendicular to the cathodes, since it penetrates laterally into the filter, as shown by the arrows on the Figures 4A and 4B . In this case, it is at the level of the first cathodes 20 that the maximum of filtrations takes place.
  • the sectorization of the cathode power supply can be done by sectors of two or three cathodes.
  • An important feature of the invention consists in providing the filtration device with at least two kinds of power supplies, that is to say a completely continuous power supply or a power supply consisting of a continuous part and an impulse part. . This makes it possible to extend the useful zone over the entire length of the filtration device and to delay the arc passages.
  • a first case consists in using a first DC voltage U 1 of a level equal to a fraction (for example 70%) of the breakdown voltage U c at which the arcs occur.
  • a first DC voltage U 1 is supplemented with a second DC voltage U 2 defined by the following formula U 2 ⁇ U VS - U 1 .
  • a second way of supplying this electrostatic filtration device consists in using a first DC voltage U 1 of a level equal to a fraction (for example 50%) of the breakdown voltage U c , increased a pulsed voltage U P of maximum value defined by the following formula: U 1 + U P ⁇ U VS .
  • the pulsed voltage is delivered by a generator that provides a rise time of the order of 150 ns, that is to say a very steep cutoff edge, with a frequency of the order of kHz . It is provided, in the mode of use of the filtration device according to the invention, to employ supply means suppressing the second voltage U 2 or U P in the cathode sectors (s), as and when that electric arcs appear in these areas.
  • the cathode or cathodes is or are divided electrically into a given number N of sectors.
  • the supply of the second voltage is stopped in this sector, while the first is maintained.
  • This sector is then powered only by the first voltage U 1 .
  • the conduct of filtration throughout the device is then until the last sector sees its number of arcs exceed the limit. At this time, a cleaning of the entire structure must be performed.
  • the figure 5 clearly illustrates the result obtained after several experimental tests on tubular cathodes, as shown in FIG. figure 3 . More precisely, it shows the evolution of the yield of the cathode in a different form cathode, that is to say a tubular cathode (curve 31), a cathode consisting of a threaded rod (curve 32), a cathode according to the invention, fed continuously (curve 33) and a cathode according to the invention. invention powered by a DC voltage and thrust (curve 34). The maximum value of the voltage depends on the distance between the cathode (s) and the anode (s).
  • the figure 6 shows us all the advantages of cathode + DC and pulsed voltage coupling, for a given structure. It makes it possible to operate over much longer periods than with other electrodes, with experimental durations limited to 8 hours, no decrease in efficiency has been observed. The implementation of such a voltage coupling on a sectorized cathode ensures a very long endurance. More precisely, this figure 6 shows the evolution of the cathode efficiency, as a function of the operating time, according to the geometries and the applied voltages.
  • the curve 41 relates to a geometry of cathodes made by a notched tube
  • the curve 42 is relative to a cathode according to the invention, supplied with DC voltage
  • the curve 43 is relative to a cathode according to the invention powered by a voltage continuous and pulsed.
  • the breakdown voltage value U c depends on the distance between the anode (s) and the cathode (s).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Elektrostatische Filtereinrichtung, ausgerüstet mit wenigstens einer Kathode, die emissiv ist, die in einem Filter-Kanal positioniert ist, und die Spitzen (11, 11 P, 11 P +1, 21, 21 R, 21 R +1) besitzt, die in versetzter Weise auf mehreren Ebenen P verteilt sind, und die in der WinkelOrientierung von einer Ebene zur anderen versetzt sind und unter eine erste Gleichspannung (U1) gesetzt sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine gepulste Komponente UPC zu der ersten Gleichspannung (U1) hinzugefügt wird, wobei diese gepulste Komponente durch einen Generator geliefert wird, der eine sehr steile Schaltflanke sicherstellt, das heißt eine Anstiegszeit in der Gräl3enordnung von 150 ns, und dass die wenigstens eine Kathode in eine bestimmte Anzahl N von isolierten Sektoren unterteilt ist.
  2. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Filterkanal vom rohrförmige Typ ist, das heißt durch eine rohrförmige Anode (12) realisiert ist, wobei die Kathode einzeln ist und mehrere Spitzen (11, 11 P oder 11 P +1) pro Ebene aufweist, wobei diese Spitzen bezüglich ihrer Winkeisteliung von einer Ebene zur anderen versetzt sind.
  3. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kathode acht Spitzen (11, 11 P) oder (11, 11 P +1) pro Ebene umfasst, die jeweils untereinander um 45° versetzt sind, wobei der Versatz der Spitzen von einer Ebene P in Bezug auf die andere P +1 22,5° beträgt.
  4. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl n der Ebenen gleich 30.N/D/Lgnd ist, wobei L die Länge des Filters ist, D der Durchmesser der Anode (12) ist, d der Abstand ist, weicher die Enden der Spitzen (11, 11 P, 11 P +1) von der Innenwand der Anode (12), die rohrförmig ist, trennt.
  5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kanal durch zwei Platten definiert ist, welche Anoden (22) bilden, die parallel zueinander sind, wobei die Einrichtung mehrere Kathoden (20) verwendet und zwei Spitzen (11, 11 P, 11 P +1) pro Ebene umfasst, und welche senkrecht zu den Anoden angeordnet sind, die parallel zueinander sind, wobei die Ebenen einer Kathode vom Rang R in Bezug zu der Ebene einer benachbarten Kathode vom Rang R +1 versetzt sind.
  6. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass h die Höhe ist, welche zwei Ebenen von Spitzen einer selben Kathode (20) trennt, wobei der Versatz von Ebenen zwischen zwei Elektroden mit Rängen R und Rängen R +1 gleich h/2 ist.
  7. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenntzeichnet, dass die verschiedenen Kathoden (20) voneinander durch einen Abstand getrennt sind, der gleich dem Abstand ist, welcher die Kathoden (20) von den Anoden (22) trennt.
  8. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die N isolierten Sektoren individuell durch eine erste Spannung (U1) versorgt werden, die gleich einem Bruchteil der Durchschlagspannung (Uc) ist, wobei (U1) eine Gleichspannung ist, und von einer zweiten Spannung U2, die kleiner gleich der Durchschlagspannung (Uc) minus der ersten Spannung (U1) ist, wobei (U2) auf den Sektoren getrennt voneinander ebenfalls eine Gleichspannung ist, wobei (U2) in dem Maße des Auftretens von Bögen in den aufeinanderfolgenden Sektoren unterdrücke wird, und dass sie über Mittel verfügt, um die zweite Spannung U2 oder UP sukzessive in jedem der Sektoren der wenigstens einen Kathode (20) bei dem Auftreten von elektrischen Bögen in jedem der Sektoren zu unterdrücken.
  9. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wenigstens eine Kathode durch eine erste Gleichspannung (U1) versorgt wird, welche gleich einem Bruchteil der Durchschlagspannung (Uc) ist, vergrößert um eine gepulste Spannung UP, welche durch die Formel U 1 + U P > U C
    Figure imgb0005
    definiert ist, und dass sie über Mittel verfügt, um die zweite Spannung U2 oder Up sukzessiv in jedem der Sektoren der wenigstens einen Kathode (20) bei dem Auftreten von elektrischen Bögen in jedem der Sektoren zu unterdrücken.
EP09712928A 2008-02-19 2009-02-17 Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen filterung anhand optimierter ausstrahlender stellen Active EP2244833B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0851037A FR2927550B1 (fr) 2008-02-19 2008-02-19 Dispositif de filtration electrostatique au moyen de sites emissifs optimises.
PCT/EP2009/051863 WO2009103704A2 (fr) 2008-02-19 2009-02-17 Dispositif de filtration electrostatique au moyen de sites emissifs optimises

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EP2244833A2 EP2244833A2 (de) 2010-11-03
EP2244833B1 true EP2244833B1 (de) 2012-02-29

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EP (1) EP2244833B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5430585B2 (de)
CN (1) CN101952041B (de)
AT (1) ATE547178T1 (de)
FR (1) FR2927550B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2009103704A2 (de)

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US20070151448A1 (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-07-05 Robert Taylor Discharge electrode and method for enhancement of an electrostatic precipitator
DE102006009765B4 (de) * 2006-03-01 2008-06-12 Kma Kurtsiefer Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Gmbh Röhrenelektrofilter
WO2007102191A1 (ja) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-13 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology 微細電極イオン発生素子を有する除電装置
US7534288B2 (en) * 2006-04-07 2009-05-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology High performance electrostatic precipitator
DE102007020504A1 (de) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-22 Fleetguard, Inc., Nashville Elektrostatischer Abscheider mit Beseitigung von Verunreinigungen der Masseelektrode
JP4111229B2 (ja) * 2006-05-19 2008-07-02 ダイキン工業株式会社 放電装置及び空気浄化装置
US7655068B2 (en) * 2007-06-14 2010-02-02 General Electric Company Method and systems to facilitate improving electrostatic precipitator performance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2927550B1 (fr) 2011-04-22
FR2927550A1 (fr) 2009-08-21
JP5430585B2 (ja) 2014-03-05
ATE547178T1 (de) 2012-03-15
WO2009103704A3 (fr) 2009-11-12
EP2244833A2 (de) 2010-11-03
CN101952041B (zh) 2014-08-13
WO2009103704A2 (fr) 2009-08-27
CN101952041A (zh) 2011-01-19
US20110017067A1 (en) 2011-01-27
US8518163B2 (en) 2013-08-27
JP2011512248A (ja) 2011-04-21

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