EP2243949B1 - Injecteur de carburant - Google Patents

Injecteur de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2243949B1
EP2243949B1 EP20100154608 EP10154608A EP2243949B1 EP 2243949 B1 EP2243949 B1 EP 2243949B1 EP 20100154608 EP20100154608 EP 20100154608 EP 10154608 A EP10154608 A EP 10154608A EP 2243949 B1 EP2243949 B1 EP 2243949B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
nozzle needle
pressure
fuel injector
coupling rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20100154608
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2243949A1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Burger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2243949A1 publication Critical patent/EP2243949A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2243949B1 publication Critical patent/EP2243949B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0655—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element of cylindrical shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/701—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector arranged in an injector body and connectable to a high pressure fuel source high pressure space, which is connected via a nozzle needle or the like controlled fuel injection injectors with a combustion chamber, and arranged in the injector with a low-pressure chamber, which is connected to a relative pressure-free low-pressure side return line of a low-pressure system can be connected, and with an actuator which actuates the nozzle needle via a driving rod coupled to the actuator coupling rod.
  • Fuel injectors that control the injection of fuel from a high-pressure system, usually a so-called common rail, in a combustion chamber of an engine or the like are used as standard on motor vehicles. This provides the advantage that the high pressure can in principle be readily adapted to different operating conditions and on the other hand, the injection phases are freely controllable.
  • Currently in motor vehicles mainly fuel injectors are used with servo-controlled nozzle needles.
  • the actuator controls via corresponding valve elements present in a servo space pressure, which in turn controls the nozzle needle.
  • the basic advantage of a fuel injector with servo-controlled nozzle needle is that only small demands are placed on the performance of the actuator.
  • nozzle needle In fuel injectors with directly controlled nozzle needles, as disclosed in DE10326046A1 , comparable delay times are not to be considered, because there is a direct drive coupling between the actuator and the nozzle needle.
  • the limited performance of the actuators must be taken into account, ie it must be ensured that the strokes of the nozzle needle counteract only comparatively small resulting fluidic forces.
  • the nozzle needle should be "pressure balanced" arranged such that the forces acting in the opening and / or closing direction of the nozzle needle fluidic forces compensate each other as much as possible.
  • a pressure-balanced arrangement of the nozzle needle is not readily achievable, because there are no stationary pressure conditions in the fuel injector. Rather, significantly different pressures in the closing or opening direction become effective when the nozzle needle is open or closed.
  • the invention is based on the general idea of constantly exploiting the pressure generated by the high-pressure fuel source to produce a force which supports the closing thrust of the nozzle needle.
  • the coupling rod is displaceably arranged with a plunger-like end remote from the nozzle in a connecting space which can be connected to the high-pressure source, which is constantly connected to the high-pressure source and can communicate with the high-pressure chamber via a high-pressure line passing through the injector body.
  • connection space can be formed as a connection bore provided in the injector body, which is provided for connection of the injector to the high-pressure system or the common rail.
  • the coupling rod may be mechanically coupled or integrally connected to the nozzle needle.
  • the in Fig. 1 shown fuel injector has a built injector 1, which includes a low-pressure chamber 2 and a high-pressure chamber 3.
  • the low-pressure chamber 2 can be connected via a return line 4 with a low-pressure system, which in turn communicates via a throttle with a relatively pressureless fuel tank.
  • the high pressure chamber 3 is connected via a high pressure line 5 with a high pressure fuel source, usually a so-called common rail 6, connectable.
  • the high-pressure chamber 3 can be connected via the interior of a nozzle body 7 with injection nozzles 9 controlled by a nozzle needle 8.
  • the nozzle-side end of the nozzle needle 8 sits on a the injectors 9 annularly comprehensive fit within the nozzle body 7, so that a nozzle inlet chamber 10 is separated from the rest of the interior of the nozzle body 7.
  • the nozzle needle 8 is axially displaceably guided within the nozzle body, for example by means of axial webs on the outer circumference of the nozzle needle 8. These webs may be arranged star-shaped in axial view of the nozzle needle 8, such that remain free between the axial webs axial passages for the passage of fluid.
  • a closing throttle 11 is provided within the nozzle body 7, which is formed in the illustrated example as an annular gap between the inner wall of the nozzle body 7 and the outer periphery of a arranged on the nozzle needle 8 flange. The purpose of this closing throttle 11 will be explained below.
  • the nozzle-distal end of the nozzle needle 8 is slidably and tightly guided in a corresponding bore of an intermediate body 12, such that a subsequent, housed in an intermediate body 13 chamber 14 is shut off from the high-pressure chamber 3.
  • the chamber 14 is connected via an intermediate body 13 passing through the radial bore 15 with an intermediate body 12 and 13 enclosing annulus, which in turn communicates with the low-pressure chamber 2. Accordingly is in the chamber 14 always before the low pressure, and an optionally occurring on the outer circumference of the nozzle needle 8 leakage current from the high-pressure chamber 3 to the chamber 14 is discharged via the return line 4.
  • nozzle-distal end of the nozzle needle 8 connects to a coupling rod 16, which is guided on the one hand in a coaxial to the nozzle needle 8 bore in the intermediate body 13 and on the other hand in an axial central bore 17 in the upper portion of the injector body 1.
  • the central bore 17 forms a connection bore for connecting the fuel injector to the high-pressure system or the common rail 6, which communicates via the central bore 17 with the high-pressure line 5.
  • a coupling rod 16 concentric piezoelectric actuator 19 is arranged, which is supported with a front-side upper annular disc at an upper bottom of the low-pressure chamber 2 and held in this position by a helical compression spring 20, the upper end is clamped against the said annular disc and the lower end against the facing end side of a coupler piston 21 arranged on the coupling rod 16. Accordingly, the coupling rod 16 is tensioned by the spring 20 downwards against the nozzle needle 8.
  • a further annular end plate with an annular, concentric with the coupler piston 21 annular piston 22 is arranged on the underside of the actuator 19, a further annular end plate with an annular, concentric with the coupler piston 21 annular piston 22 is arranged.
  • This is on the one hand tight and displaceable on the coupler piston 21 and the other tight and slidably guided in a cylinder 23 which is arranged on the upper end side of the intermediate body 13 and separated together with the annular piston 22 and the coupler piston 21 a coupler space 24 from the low pressure chamber 2.
  • the nozzle-side seat of the nozzle needle 8 and the upper end of the coupling rod 16 can be achieved that the necessary for the downward stroke of the annular piston 22 power of the actuator 19 remains low and, accordingly, a low-power actuator 19 is sufficient To bring the nozzle needle 8 from the closed position shown in the open position.
  • the nozzle needle 8 As soon as the nozzle needle 8 has been raised to its open position, the same pressure is present in the nozzle inlet space 10 as in the remaining interior of the inner body 7, ie. H. the nozzle needle 8 is acted upon on its entire cross-section of the pressure in the interior of the nozzle body 7 in the opening direction.
  • the open position of the nozzle needle 8 d. H. in the injection phase of the fuel injector, however, due to the flow from the high pressure chamber 3 to the injectors 9 at the closing throttle 11 a pressure difference decreases, such that the pressure in the interior of the nozzle body 7, the pressure in the high pressure chamber 3 is more or less significantly below.
  • a tube spring 25, which is biased to train is provided.
  • the actuator 19 is securely brought into its axially short state after electrical discharge.
  • the embodiment of the Fig. 2 differs from the embodiment described above the Fig. 1 essentially by the fact that the in Fig. 1 provided closing throttle 11 is eliminated and the nozzle needle 8 is hydraulically coupled to the coupling rod 16.
  • a sealing sleeve 26 is slidably guided on the upper end of the nozzle needle 8, which is clamped by a supported on a flange on the nozzle needle 8 helical compression spring 27 with a sharp annular edge against the facing end face of the intermediate body 12, wherein the sealing sleeve 26 sealingly seated on the intermediate body 12 at an annular contact zone.
  • the sealing sleeve 26 divides from the high-pressure chamber 3 from a slave chamber 28, which is connected via a bore 29, which may optionally be designed as a throttle, with a transmitter chamber 30 within the intermediate body 12.
  • a transmitter chamber 30 within the intermediate body 12.
  • the lower end of the coupling rod 16 is arranged as a positive displacement plunger, while the formed at the mouth of the bore 29 in the encoder chamber 30 ring stage can serve as an end stop for the illustrated lower position of the coupling rod 16.
  • the coupler chamber 24 is separated from the low-pressure chamber 2 directly by the coupler piston 21 and the annular piston 22, which in turn is guided on the inner circumference of the low-pressure chamber 2 dense and displaceable.
  • Fig. 2 the electrically discharged state of the actuator 19 is shown. Accordingly, the annular piston 22 assumes an upper position. Now, if the actuator 19 is electrically charged, it is axially elongated, so that the annular piston 22 is pushed downward. This results in that the coupler piston 21 is displaced upward with the coupling rod 16, whereby the volume of the transmitter chamber 30 increases and fluid flows from the receiver chamber 28 into the transmitter chamber 30. Thus, the nozzle needle 8 is lifted out of the illustrated closed position.
  • Fig. 2 In the embodiment of the Fig. 2 is the leadership of the sleeve 26 on the nozzle needle 8 is formed so that a strong throttled connection between the Nehmerraum 28 and the high-pressure chamber 3 is present.
  • a similar high pressure as in the high-pressure room 3 thus arises in the case of an electrically non-brindle actuator 19 (resting state of the injector).
  • the coupling rod 16 In order to is the coupling rod 16 arranged pressure balanced, because the pressure forces in the encoder chamber 30 counteract the pressure forces in the central bore 17 and the displacement effective cross sections of the upper and lower end of the coupling rod 16 are the same size.
  • the coupling rod 16 can be adjusted with low actuating force, and the nozzle needle 8 follows the stroke adjustment of the coupling rod 16, wherein according to the different cross sections of the coupling rod 16 in the encoder chamber 30 and the nozzle needle 8 in the slave chamber 28 is a Hubüber acid, ie in the example shown is the A possibly occurring at the outer periphery of the lower end of the coupling rod 16 leakage current is taken up by the interspersed by the coupling rod 16 chamber 14 and passed through the radial bore 15 in the space connected to the low-pressure chamber 2 space 31 , so that the leakage current is ultimately passed through the low-pressure chamber 2 in the return line 4 and kept away from the coupler chamber 24.
  • a particular advantage of the embodiment of Fig. 2 is that on the way from the high pressure source 6 to the injectors 9 virtually no pressure drop occurring through throttle losses occurs, so that the performance of the high pressure source at the injectors 9 is still effective.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Injecteur de carburant comprenant un espace haute pression (3) disposé dans un corps d'injecteur (1) et pouvant être relié à une source haute pression de carburant (6), lequel espace haute pression peut être relié, par le biais de buses d'injection (9) commandées par une aiguille d'injection (8), à une chambre de combustion pour l'injection de carburant, et comprenant un espace basse pression (2) disposé dans le corps d'injecteur (1), lequel espace basse pression peut être raccordé à un système basse pression par le biais d'une conduite de retour (4), et comprenant un actionneur (19) actionnant l'aiguille d'injection (8), l'actionneur (19) actionnant l'aiguille d'injection (8) par le biais d'une tige d'accouplement (16) qui peut être sollicitée sur une section transversale prédéfinie par la haute pression en direction de la position de fermeture de l'aiguille d'injection (8), caractérisé en ce que la tige d'accouplement (16) est guidée, par une extrémité de type plongeur éloignée des buses, de manière coulissante et étanche dans un alésage central (17) dans la portion supérieure du corps d'injecteur (1), l'alésage central (17) communiquant avec l'espace haute pression (3).
  2. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur (19) est disposé dans une partie de l'espace basse pression (2) communiquant en permanence avec la conduite de retour (4) et est accouplé par entraînement à un maître-piston (22) qui, conjointement avec un piston récepteur (21) situé du côté de la tige d'accouplement, sépare un espace d'accouplement (24) de l'espace basse pression (2).
  3. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le maître-piston (22) situé du côté de l'actionneur est réalisé sous forme de piston annulaire entourant de manière concentrique le piston récepteur (21) situé du côté de la tige d'accouplement.
  4. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'aiguille d'injection (8) et la tige d'accouplement (16) sont accouplées mécaniquement l'une à l'autre.
  5. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'un étranglement (11) est disposé entre l'espace haute pression (3) et un espace d'entrée (10) des buses d'injection (9).
  6. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un ensemble d'accouplement fluidique (28-30) est disposé entre la tige d'accouplement (16) et l'aiguille d'injection (8).
  7. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble d'accouplement est disposé sur ou dans l'espace haute pression (3).
  8. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la tige d'accouplement (16) pourvue d'une extrémité de type plongeur est disposée dans un espace maître (30) de manière à présenter un effet de refoulement, lequel espace maître communique avec un espace récepteur qui est disposé à l'intérieur de l'espace haute pression (3) et est séparé de l'espace haute pression par un manchon d'étanchéité (26) guidé de manière coulissante sur une extrémité de type plongeur de l'aiguille d'injection (8), lequel manchon d'étanchéité est serré de manière étanche contre une partie fixe (12) du corps d'injecteur (1) au moyen d'un système de ressort (27) s'appuyant sur une butée située du côté de l'aiguille d'injection.
  9. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu une liaison (29) présentant un effet d'étranglement entre l'espace maître (30) et l'espace récepteur (28) de l'ensemble d'accouplement.
  10. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la tige d'accouplement (16) est pourvue de sections transversales identiques dans l'espace de raccordement (17) ainsi que dans l'espace maître (30) et l'aiguille d'injection est pourvue de sections transversales identiques dans l'espace récepteur (28) ainsi que du côté des buses.
EP20100154608 2009-04-21 2010-02-25 Injecteur de carburant Not-in-force EP2243949B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910002528 DE102009002528A1 (de) 2009-04-21 2009-04-21 Kraftstoffinjektor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2243949A1 EP2243949A1 (fr) 2010-10-27
EP2243949B1 true EP2243949B1 (fr) 2014-04-16

Family

ID=42035729

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20100154608 Not-in-force EP2243949B1 (fr) 2009-04-21 2010-02-25 Injecteur de carburant

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2243949B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009002528A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013225384A1 (de) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffinjektor
CN112901391A (zh) * 2021-03-08 2021-06-04 上海钧风电控科技有限公司 一种阀杆组件、高压燃料喷射阀及发动机电控燃料喷射系统

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10326046A1 (de) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einspritzdüse für Brennkraftmaschinen
DE102004005456A1 (de) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffinjektor mit direktgesteuertem Einspritzventilglied
DE102006013704A1 (de) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffinjektor mit dynamischem Kraftstoffausgleich

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2243949A1 (fr) 2010-10-27
DE102009002528A1 (de) 2010-10-28

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