EP2236969B1 - échangeur de chaleur à plaque, résistant aux contraintes alternées de cyclage thermique - Google Patents

échangeur de chaleur à plaque, résistant aux contraintes alternées de cyclage thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2236969B1
EP2236969B1 EP10155227.1A EP10155227A EP2236969B1 EP 2236969 B1 EP2236969 B1 EP 2236969B1 EP 10155227 A EP10155227 A EP 10155227A EP 2236969 B1 EP2236969 B1 EP 2236969B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
discs
fluid
end plate
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10155227.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2236969A2 (fr
EP2236969A3 (fr
Inventor
Christian Saumweber
Friedrich Brotz
Arthur Strehlau
Frank von Lützau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2236969A2 publication Critical patent/EP2236969A2/fr
Publication of EP2236969A3 publication Critical patent/EP2236969A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2236969B1 publication Critical patent/EP2236969B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • a heat exchanger is from the US-2005/0155749 known.
  • Heat exchangers are used in various engineering applications to transfer heat from one fluid to another fluid.
  • heat exchangers are used as charge air coolers in order to cool the air compressed by a compressor before it is fed into the internal combustion engine.
  • the charge air to be cooled and a cooling liquid are passed through the heat exchanger.
  • the coolant absorbs heat from the charge air and thus cools the charge air.
  • Such heat exchangers are exposed to high thermal cycling, because during operation of the motor vehicle temperature fluctuations occur and also at each start of the engine, the heat exchanger is initially cold.
  • heat exchangers are often used in disc design. Many discs are stacked on top of each other. Due to the geometry of the discs, channels or fluid channels for the charge air and the cooling fluid form between the discs. At the stack ends, an end plate is arranged in each case. The disks and the end plates are generally bonded together by means of soldering. The thickness of the end plates is substantially greater than the thickness of the discs. Due to the thermal cycling and / or an inhomogeneous temperature distribution within the heat exchanger it comes to tension within the heat exchanger. The tensions result in particular from the greater thermal inertia of the end plates relative to the discs. The end plates have a greater thickness and thus a larger mass, so that the end plates heat much slower or cool than the discs.
  • the rigidity of the end plates parallel to a plate plane is greater than the rigidity of the plates parallel to a disc plane. This difference in stiffness between the end plates and the discs can cause damage and has a life-limiting effect on the heat exchanger.
  • the change in size of the end plate with temperature changes parallel to the plane of the plate differs from the change in size with temperature changes of the disc on the end plate parallel to the plane of the disc.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger and an internal combustion engine with the heat exchanger available, which has a long life even with high thermal cycling in a structurally simple structure.
  • the heat exchanger should be inexpensive to manufacture and work reliably in operation.
  • the rigidity refers to the entire at least one end plate and not only to the material of the at least one end plate from which the at least one end plate is made. With the same force acting on the at least one end plate, preferably parallel to the plane of the plate, greater elongation occurs in the heat exchanger according to the invention at the at least one end plate.
  • the recess in the at least one end plate advantageously reduces the rigidity of the at least one end plate parallel or in the direction of the plate plane of the end plate. As a result, the difference in rigidity between the discs and the end plates is less or no difference is present, thereby significantly lower tensions and stresses occur between the end plates and the discs and thus the life of the heat exchanger is significantly extended.
  • the at least one recess has only the function of reducing the rigidity of the at least one end plate and / or reducing the mass of the at least one end plate.
  • the recess has no further function on such. B. the function of an inlet opening or an outlet opening for introducing or discharging a fluid or as means for fixing the heat exchanger.
  • the discs have openings for forming the at least one first fluid channel and / or the at least one second fluid channel.
  • the disks are arranged one above the other in a stack so that the openings thereby form a fluid channel perpendicular to the plane of the disk or the disk plane.
  • the fluid channels forming between the disks are aligned parallel to the disk plane or the disk plane.
  • a reinforcing disk is arranged between the end plate and the disk.
  • the reinforcing disk serves to reduce the stiffness jump between the end plate and the disk.
  • the reinforcing disc has a thickness which is between the thickness of the end plate and the thickness of the disc.
  • the reinforcing disk can also be understood as an end plate and be formed with at least one recess for reducing the rigidity of the at least one reinforcing disk analogous to the at least one end plate.
  • the at least one recess is designed as a longitudinal slot and / or as a transverse slot and / or the at least one recess serves exclusively to reduce the rigidity of the at least one end plate, in particular parallel to the plane of the plate at least one end plate, and / or the at least one recess serves solely to reduce the mass and thus thermal inertia of the at least one end plate.
  • two regions of the at least one end plate which are divided off from the at least one recess are connected to one another by means of at least one expansion bead.
  • an end plate is formed as a connection plate or as a cover plate with at least one inlet opening for the first and / or second fluid and with at least one outlet opening for the first and / or second fluid.
  • connection plate parallel to the plane of the plate is greater than the extent of the plates parallel to a disc plane, so that the connection plate has a projection with respect to the discs and at least one device for fastening the heat exchanger is formed on the projection.
  • the at least one device is at least one bore and / or at least one screw.
  • the at least one recess for reducing the rigidity of the at least one end plate is formed in addition to the at least one bore and / or the at least one inlet opening and / or the at least one outlet opening in the at least one end plate.
  • the thickness of the at least one end plate is greater than the thickness of the discs.
  • the thickness of the disc is the material thickness of the disc, so that geometric expansions for forming the fluid channels are not taken into account for the expansion of the disc perpendicular to the disc plane.
  • the thickness of the at least one end plate is at least 1.5 or 2, preferably at least 3 or 4, times greater than the thickness of at least one disc.
  • the material thicknesses of the panes are essentially the same, in particular the thicknesses of the panes have a difference of less than 30% or 20% or 10%.
  • the end plates and / or the discs at least partially made of metal, for. As steel or aluminum.
  • the at least one recess of the at least one end plate is formed perpendicular to the plate plane of the at least one end plate and the at least one recess pierces the at least one end plate completely.
  • the at least one recess of the at least one end plate is formed perpendicular to the plate plane of the at least one end plate and the at least one recess extends only partially through the at least one end plate.
  • the discs are cohesively connected to each other, in particular soldered, and / or the at least one end plate is materially connected to the disc, in particular soldered.
  • a turbulence insert is arranged in the at least one first fluid channel and / or the at least one second fluid channel, and in particular the turbulence insert is attached to two discs, preferably by means of soldering.
  • the turbulence insert serves in the at least one first fluid channel and in the at least one second fluid channel a To generate turbulent flow to improve the heat transfer from the first fluid to the second fluid or vice versa.
  • the discs have indentations, so that the at least one first fluid channel and the at least one second fluid channel, which form between two discs, at the boundaries of the fluid channels have either knobs or indentations, thereby increasing the surface for heat transfer and in addition a turbulent flow can be favored.
  • an internal combustion engine with a compressor, for.
  • a turbocharger or a compressor provided for compressing the charge air to be supplied to the engine and a heat exchanger for cooling the compressed air from the compressor charge air, through the heat exchanger, the compressed charge air and a cooling fluid is istleitbar for transferring heat from the compressed charge air to the Cooling fluid, wherein the heat exchanger is designed according to a heat exchanger described in this patent application.
  • a heat exchanger 1 known from the prior art is shown.
  • the heat exchanger 1 has a plurality of discs 2, which are stacked one above the other arranged in a stack. At the stack ends of the stack, an end plate 5 is arranged in each case.
  • a first end plate 5 is formed as a connection plate 6.
  • the connection plate 6 has a large inlet opening 8 for introducing a first fluid, ie charge air.
  • the connection plate 6 is provided with a large outlet opening 9 for discharging the charge air from the heat exchanger 1.
  • Two small inlet openings 10 in the connection plate 6 serve to introduce cooling liquid as a second fluid, and two outlet openings 11 serve to discharge the cooling liquid as the second fluid.
  • a rectangular coordinate system having an X, Y and Z axis of the heat exchanger 1 is aligned with the terminal plate 6 so that the X and Y axes rest on the surface of the flat terminal plate 6 and the Z axis is perpendicular thereto the surface of the connection plate 6 is aligned ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the X and Y axes of the coordinate system lie within a plane of the terminal plate 6 and end plate 5.
  • the connection plate 6 Parallel to the plane of the plate plate 6 and in the direction of the X and / or Y-axis, the connection plate 6 has a greater extent than the discs 2 in the direction of the X and Y-axis, so that on the connecting plate 6, a projection 15 to the stack of the discs 2 is formed ( Fig.
  • bores 17 are formed as means 16 for fixing the heat exchanger 1.
  • holes 17 for example, screws or bolts are introduced, by means of which the heat exchanger 1 to another part, for.
  • an end plate 5 designed as a cover plate 7 is present ( Fig. 1 ).
  • the cover plate 7 has two calottes 19.
  • the identically formed discs 2 have openings 20 for forming a first fluid channel 3 and a second fluid channel 4.
  • the openings 20 of the discs 2 are not shown to form the four second fluid channels 4 in this embodiment in the direction of the Z-axis.
  • the openings 20 of the disks 2 are viewed in the direction of the Z axis formed on the disks 2 in the same manner as on the connection plate 6.
  • Fig. 3 is a section AA according to Fig. 2 represented by the second fluid channel 4 for the cooling liquid.
  • the cooling liquid flows in accordance with the illustration in Fig. 3 through the circular openings in the disks 2 in the direction of the Z-axis and from this flow in the direction of the Z-axis are correspondingly smaller flow rates in the second fluid channels 4 for the cooling liquid, which are aligned in the direction of the X and / or Y-axis , passed through.
  • These second fluid channels, which are aligned in the direction of the X and / or Y axis, thereby form between each two disks 2.
  • the charge air is passed through two large first fluid channels 3 in the direction of the Z axis and from this flow in the Z-axis with charge air subsets of charge air to the aligned in the direction of the X and / or Y axis first fluid channels for the charge air introduced (not shown).
  • Fig. 3 are only these in the direction of the X- and / or Y-axis aligned first fluid channels 3 shown.
  • the extent of the first fluid channels 3 between two disks 2 in the direction of the Z axis is greater than the extent of the second fluid channels 4 between two disks in the direction of the Z axis.
  • turbulence inserts 18 are present in the first and second fluid channels 3, 4, between two disks 2 in the direction of the X and in addition.
  • the turbulence inserts 18 are in Fig. 3 not shown and in Fig. 1 only simplified disc-shaped shown.
  • the turbulence inserts 18 have a zigzag-shaped geometry in cross-section and serve to form a turbulent flow in the first and second fluid channels 3, 4, which are aligned in the direction of the X and / or Y axis.
  • the disc plane of the discs 2 is parallel to the plane of the plates of the end plates 5 in the stacked superimposed arrangement of the discs 2 and the end plates 5 in the stack.
  • the end plates 5 have a much greater extent in the X and Y axis than in the Z axis. Because of this greater extent in the X and Y axes, the disk plane is defined.
  • the X and Y axes lie within the disk plane. In an analogous manner, the extent of the disks 2 in the X and Y axes is substantially greater than in the Z axis.
  • the X and Y axes define the slice plane of the slices 2.
  • the two end plates are connected to each other by means of a screw, so that the cover plate also has a screw hole for carrying a bolt or a threaded rod.
  • a first embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 according to the invention is shown.
  • the cover plate 7 as an end plate 5 has two recesses 23 formed as transverse slots 13.
  • the transverse slots 13 thus divide the cover plate into three regions 24 in the longitudinal direction or in the Y direction of the cover plate 7. These regions 24 of the cover plate 7 are connected to one another by means of a stretch bead 14.
  • the stiffness of the cover plate 7 parallel to the plane of the plate or in the direction of the X and / or Y-axis is thus substantially lower than the rigidity of the known from the prior art cover plate 7 as shown in the Fig. 1 and 2 ,
  • significantly lower strains between the cover plate 7 and the disk 2 on the cover plate 7 occur in an advantageous manner with an inhomogeneous temperature distribution within the heat exchanger 1 or with thermal cycling. This can damage, z. B. leaks, avoided between the cover plate 7 and the disc 2 and thereby the life of the heat exchanger 1 are substantially extended.
  • the plate plane of the cover plate 7 corresponds to the plane of the drawing as shown in FIG Fig. 5 ,
  • the stresses can be reduced by providing a backing disk or reinforcing disk between the cover plate and the disks.
  • a support or reinforcing disc is thicker than one of the discs, but thinner than the cover plate.
  • the cover plate 7 four longitudinal slots 12 as recesses 23 and two transverse slots 13. At the transverse slots 13 are similar to the first embodiment strain beads 14 available. As a result, in an analogous manner to the first embodiment, the rigidity of the cover plate 7 in the direction of the X and Y axis can be reduced and thereby the life of the heat exchanger 1 can be substantially increased.
  • the discs 2 and the end plates 5 of the heat exchanger 1 are at least partially made of aluminum and are integrally connected to each other by means of a soldering.
  • the rigidity of the end plates 5 parallel to the plane of the plate is substantially reduced due to the formation of recesses 23, thereby decreasing the stresses between the end plates 5 and the discs 2 and thereby preventing damage.
  • the recesses 23 can be cut out of the blanks for the production of the end plates 5 in a simple manner, for example by means of a punching or milling process, a water jet or laser cutting. As a result, the costs for producing the heat exchanger 1 increase only very slightly and in return, the life of the heat exchanger 1 is substantially increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Echangeur de chaleur (1) du type à plaques, comprenant
    - plusieurs plaques (2) empilées les unes sur les autres,
    - au moins un premier conduit de fluide (3) servant à la circulation d'un premier fluide,
    - au moins un deuxième conduit de fluide (4) servant à la circulation d'un deuxième fluide,
    - où le premier conduit de fluide (3) au moins au nombre de un et le deuxième conduit de fluide (4) au moins au nombre de un sont configurés, en raison de la géométrie des plaques (2), au moins partiellement entre les plaques (2) et au moyen des plaques (2),
    - une plaque d'extrémité (5) placée au niveau d'une ou de deux extrémités de la pile des plaques (2),
    - au moins une ouverture d'entrée (8) servant à l'arrivée du premier fluide,
    - au moins une ouverture de sortie (9) servant à l'évacuation du premier fluide,
    - au moins une ouverture d'entrée (10) servant à l'arrivée du deuxième fluide,
    - au moins une ouverture de sortie (11) servant à l'évacuation du deuxième fluide,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la plaque d'extrémité (5) est dotée au moins d'un évidement (23) présentant une fente ou une moulure servant à la diminution de la rigidité.
  2. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que deux des zones (24) de la plaque d'extrémité (5) au moins au nombre de un, qui sont subdivisées par l'évidement (23) au moins au nombre de un, sont reliées l'une à l'autre par au moins une barrette, en particulier une moulure de dilatation (14).
  3. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une plaque d'extrémité (5) est conçue comme une plaque de raccordement (6) ou comme une plaque de recouvrement (7) comportant au moins une ouverture d'entrée (8, 10) pour le premier et / ou le deuxième fluide et comportant au moins une ouverture de sortie (9, 11) pour le premier et / ou le deuxième fluide.
  4. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'extension de la plaque de raccordement (6) est supérieure, parallèlement au plan des plaques, à l'extension des plaques (2) parallèlement à un plan des plaques, de sorte que la plaque de raccordement (6) présente une partie en saillie (15) par rapport aux plaques (2), et au moins un dispositif (16) servant à la fixation de l'échangeur de chaleur (1) est prévu sur la partie en saillie (15).
  5. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (16) au moins au nombre de un est au moins un perçage (17).
  6. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (23) au moins au nombre de un servant à la diminution de la rigidité de la plaque d'extrémité (5) au moins au nombre de un est conçu, dans la plaque d'extrémité (5) au moins au nombre de un, en venant s'ajouter au perçage (17) au moins au nombre de un et / ou à l'ouverture d'entrée (8, 10) au moins au nombre de un et / ou à l'ouverture de sortie au moins au nombre de un (9, 11).
  7. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la plaque d'extrémité (5) au moins au nombre de un est supérieure à l'épaisseur des plaques (2).
  8. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la plaque d'extrémité (5) au moins au nombre de un est au moins de 1,5 fois ou de 2 fois, de préférence au moins de 3 fois ou de 4 fois supérieure à l'épaisseur au moins d'une plaque (2).
  9. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les épaisseurs du matériau des plaques (2) sont pratiquement identiques.
  10. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les plaques d'extrémité (5) et / ou les plaques (2) sont au moins partiellement en métal, par exemple en acier ou en aluminium.
  11. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (23) au moins au nombre de un traverse en totalité la plaque d'extrémité (5) au moins au nombre de un.
  12. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (23) au moins au nombre de un traverse seulement en partie la plaque d'extrémité (5) au moins au nombre de un.
  13. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (2) sont assemblées, en particulier brasées, les unes aux autres par continuité de matière, et / ou la plaque d'extrémité (5) au moins au nombre de un est assemblée par continuité de matière avec la plaque (2), en particulier brasée à celle-ci.
  14. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une pièce intercalaire (18) générant des turbulences est disposée dans le premier conduit de fluide (3) au moins au nombre de un et / ou dans le deuxième conduit de fluide (4) au moins au nombre de un, et, en particulier, la pièce intercalaire (18) générant des turbulences est fixée, de préférence par brasage, sur deux plaques (2).
  15. Moteur à combustion interne comprenant un compresseur, par exemple un turbocompresseur ou un surcompresseur servant à la compression de l'air de suralimentation à fournir au moteur à combustion interne, et comprenant un échangeur de chaleur (1) servant au refroidissement de l'air de suralimentation comprimé par le compresseur, où l'air de suralimentation comprimé et un fluide de refroidissement peuvent circuler à travers l'échangeur de chaleur (1), pour la transmission de chaleur depuis l'air de suralimentation comprimé jusqu'au fluide de refroidissement, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (1) est conçu selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes.
EP10155227.1A 2009-03-13 2010-03-02 échangeur de chaleur à plaque, résistant aux contraintes alternées de cyclage thermique Active EP2236969B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009012784A DE102009012784A1 (de) 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 Wärmeübertrager

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2236969A2 EP2236969A2 (fr) 2010-10-06
EP2236969A3 EP2236969A3 (fr) 2014-04-02
EP2236969B1 true EP2236969B1 (fr) 2017-05-10

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US (1) US9243849B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2236969B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009012784A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
US9243849B2 (en) 2016-01-26
DE102009012784A1 (de) 2010-09-16
EP2236969A2 (fr) 2010-10-06
US20100258095A1 (en) 2010-10-14
EP2236969A3 (fr) 2014-04-02

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