EP2232588A1 - Dispositif generateur d'energie comprenant un convertisseur photovoltaique et un convertisseur thermoelectrique, ce dernier etant inclus au sein du substrat support du convertisseur photovoltaique - Google Patents
Dispositif generateur d'energie comprenant un convertisseur photovoltaique et un convertisseur thermoelectrique, ce dernier etant inclus au sein du substrat support du convertisseur photovoltaiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2232588A1 EP2232588A1 EP08861027A EP08861027A EP2232588A1 EP 2232588 A1 EP2232588 A1 EP 2232588A1 EP 08861027 A EP08861027 A EP 08861027A EP 08861027 A EP08861027 A EP 08861027A EP 2232588 A1 EP2232588 A1 EP 2232588A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrically conductive
- conductive layer
- thermoelectric
- converter
- type
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- YTAHJIFKAKIKAV-XNMGPUDCSA-N [(1R)-3-morpholin-4-yl-1-phenylpropyl] N-[(3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]carbamate Chemical compound O=C1[C@H](N=C(C2=C(N1)C=CC=C2)C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(O[C@H](CCN1CCOCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O YTAHJIFKAKIKAV-XNMGPUDCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 139
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 tin halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of energy recovery and conversion systems.
- it relates to a device capable of coupling a photovoltaic converter with a thermoelectric converter to produce electrical energy.
- Photovoltaic converters also called solar cells, are used to convert light energy into electrical energy. They consist essentially of a support substrate, made of electrically insulating and thermally insulating material, on which resides a stack of layers consisting of an n / p junction comprising two semiconductor layers (one of type n and the other of type p) and two electrically conductive layers located on either side of the n / p junction, one of the faces of the n / p junction being intended to be subjected to light radiation.
- thermoelectric converter makes it possible to convert heat into electrical energy by exploiting the difference in temperature existing between two ends of a thermoelectric material.
- thermoelectric converter two types of coupling between a photovoltaic converter and a thermoelectric converter are known.
- thermoelectric converter and a photovoltaic converter can be coupled by placing the thermoelectric converter 2 under the photovoltaic converter 1, the photovoltaic converter being oriented so as to make against light radiation.
- a device is thus obtained comprising a support substrate 3 on which a photovoltaic converter 2, comprising a stack of a layer of n-doped semiconductor material 12 and a layer of material, rests on one side.
- thermoelectric converter 2 comprising a layer of thermoelectric material 24 sandwiched between an electrically conductive layer 20 and another electrically conductive layer 21 (the thermoelectric effect is symbolized in FIG. 1 by the symbol ⁇ T).
- thermoelectric converter the thermal coupling between the photovoltaic converter and the thermoelectric converter, through the support substrate, is relatively poor because of the thermally insulating properties of the support substrate.
- the difference in hot-cold temperature in the thermoelectric converter is even lower and unprofitable in terms of production of electrical energy.
- FIG. 2 This type of coupling is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
- a layer stack is placed comprising a layer of n-type semiconductor material 120 and a p-type semiconductor material layer 130 (forming a n / p junction 140), the stack being sandwiched between a layer of electrically conductive and thermoelectric material (forming both the upper electrode 30 of the photovoltaic converter and the hot junction 30 of the thermoelectric converter) and a layer of material electrically conductive and thermoelectric (forming both the lower electrode 31 of the photovoltaic converter and the cold junction 31 of the thermoelectric converter).
- the existing temperature difference is exploited through the thickness of the n / p junction of the photovoltaic converter, namely between the front face of the photovoltaic converter and its buried part.
- a difference in temperature may occur when the n / p junction of the photovoltaic converter is subjected to light radiation, for example solar radiation.
- thermoelectric conversion By depositing thermoelectric materials on the opposite faces of the photovoltaic converter (front face and buried face in contact with the support substrate of the photovoltaic converter), this temperature difference can therefore be exploited by thermoelectric conversion. In general, knowing that the electric power recovered by a thermoelectric converter is all the more important that the temperature difference is large, it is found that this second configuration is only interesting if the thermal resistance of the materials forming the junction n / a. p of the photovoltaic converter is large.
- this type of coupling is limited to photovoltaic converters made in materials with low thermal conductivity, such as for example in a GaN type photovoltaic material, so that the light radiation can heat up the upper part of the photovoltaic converter and that the lower part remains "cold".
- a basic electrical energy generating device comprising a photovoltaic converter and a thermoelectric converter, the photovoltaic converter comprising a stack of layers resting on a support substrate made of thermally insulating material, the stack of layers comprising a first electrically insulating layer.
- thermoelectric converter comprising a third electrically conductive layer serving as a hot junction, a fourth electrically conductive layer serving as a cold junction, the hot and cold junctions sandwiching an element made of thermoelectric and electrically conductive material, characterized in that the thermoelectric element and ctrically conductive material is included in the thickness of the substrate thermally insulating the photovoltaic converter so that one end of said element is in contact with the hot junction and the other end of said element is in contact with the cold junction.
- a photovoltaic converter is coupled with a thermoelectric converter in such a way as to be able to exploit the thermal gradient generated by the support substrate made of electrically insulating material, generally made of glass, of the photovoltaic converter.
- the first electrically conductive layer is transparent to incident radiation.
- the hot junction and the lower electrode are one and the same electrically conductive layer.
- thermoelectric and electrically conductive element is included in the entire thickness of the support substrate.
- the support substrate is a glass substrate, that is to say silica.
- the support substrate is an airgel substrate.
- the support substrate is a silica airgel substrate.
- an airgel is a gel-like material in which the liquid component is replaced by gas.
- An airgel is a solid with very low density and has great properties thermal insulation (thermal conductivity less than 0.2 W m -1 K -1 ).
- the photoactive material layer of the photovoltaic converter comprises a layer of first n-type semiconductor material and a layer of second semiconductor material of type
- thermoelectric and electrically conductive element may be a metallic or semiconductor material
- thermoelectric and electrically conductive element comprises a first n-type thermoelectric and electrically conductive material and a second p-type thermoelectric and electrically conductive material.
- thermoelectric and electrically conductive element comprises a first n-type thermoelectric and semiconductor material and a second p-type thermoelectric and semiconductor material.
- the invention also relates to an electric energy generating system.
- This system comprises photovoltaic converters and thermoelectric converters, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the said photovoltaic converters and the said thermoelectric converters being respectively electrically connected in series, each photovoltaic converter comprising a stack of layers resting on a substrate.
- thermoelectric converter comprising a a third electrically conductive layer serving as a hot junction, a fourth electrically conductive layer serving as a cold junction, the hot and cold junctions sandwiching a n-type thermoelectric and electrically conductive material member and a p-type thermoelectric and electrically conductive material member; , the n-type and p-type elements being spaced from one another, characterized in that the n-type element and the p-type element of each thermoelectric converter is included in the thickness of the support substrate of each photovoltaic converter thermally insulating material so that one end of the n-type element and one end of the p-type element are in contact with the same hot junction and the other end of the element of the type n and the other end of the p-type
- the support substrates of the photovoltaic converters are one and the same support substrate for all photovoltaic converters
- each hot junction and each lower electrode are one and the same electrically conductive layer.
- thermoelectric materials are n-type and p-type semiconductor materials.
- the support substrates are glass substrates, that is to say silica.
- the support substrates are airgel substrates.
- the support substrates are substrates in silica airgel.
- the invention relates to a method for producing an elementary device generating energy as described above.
- This method comprises the following steps: a) supply of a support substrate of thermally insulating and electrically insulating material, b) deposition of an electrically conductive layer on one of the faces of the support substrate, c) etching of a hole in the thickness of the support substrate starting from the face opposite to that comprising the electrically conductive layer deposited in step b), until reaching said electrically conductive layer, d) filling said hole with a thermoelectric and electrically conductive compound and sintering said compound, e) depositing an electrically conductive layer on the face of the support substrate opposite to that comprising the electrically conductive layer deposited in step b), f) depositing a layer of photoactive material on one of the electrically conductive layers, g) depositing an electrically conductive layer on the layer of photoactive material, the electrically conductive layer deposited in step g) forming the upper electrode of the photovoltaic converter, the electrically
- step f) is performed after step b) and before step c).
- steps f) and g) are performed after step b) and before step c).
- the method further comprises, after step b) and before step f), a step m) of depositing an electrically conductive layer on an electrically conductive layer already deposited, step f) being replaced by a step f ') of deposition of a layer of photoactive material on the face of the support substrate comprising two electrically conductive layers, the electrically conductive layer deposited in step g) forming the upper electrode of the photovoltaic converter, the electrically conductive layer deposited in step m) forming the lower electrode of the photovoltaic converter, the electrically conductive layer present between the support substrate and the electrically conductive layer deposited in step m) forming the hot junction of the thermoelectric converter, the remaining electrically conductive layer forming the cold junction of the thermoelectric converter.
- the electrically conductive layer forming the upper electrode is made of material transparent to light radiation.
- the method further comprises a step h) of structuring the electrically conductive layer deposited in step g) to obtain a layer Electrically conductive openwork.
- This structuring may be an etching intended to give the electrically conductive layer the shape of a grid.
- the support substrate is a glass or airgel substrate, preferably silica airgel.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing an energy generating system as described above.
- This method comprises the following steps: a) supply of a support substrate of thermally insulating and electrically insulating material, b) deposition of an electrically conductive layer on the front face of the support substrate, c) structuring of the electrically conductive layer deposited at step b) to form conductive tracks electrically insulated from each other, i being an integer greater than or equal to 2, d) etching of 2i holes in the thickness of the support substrate starting from the rear face of said support substrate until reaching the conductive tracks of the front face of the support substrate, so as to obtain a pair of two holes per conductive track, e) formation of 2i elements of thermoelectric materials and electrically conductive at the 2i holes, one of the elements of each pair of two holes being a thermoelectric compound of type n and the other element of each pair of two holes being in a p-type thermoelectric compound, f) depositing an electrically conductive layer on the rear face of the
- steps h), i), j) and k) are performed after step c) and before step d).
- the method further comprises, after step b) and before step c), a step b ') of depositing an electrically conductive layer on the electrically conductive layer deposited in step b), step c) transforming into a step c ') of structuring the electrically conductive layers deposited in steps b) and b') to form electrically isolated conductive tracks from each other, i being an integer greater than or equal to 2 and step h) being transformed into step h ') of deposition of a layer of photoactive material on the front face of the support substrate, the electrically conductive layer structured in step k) forming the upper electrode of each converter photovoltaic, the electrically conductive layer deposited in step b ') and structured in step c') forming the lower electrode of each photovoltaic converter, the electrically conductive layer deposited in step b) and structured in step c ' ) forming the hot junction of each thermoelectric converter, the remaining structured electrically conductive layer forming the cold junction of
- thermoelectric materials are in the form of powder or in the form of pastes obtained by mixing powders and a binder.
- the layer of photoactive material comprises a layer of n-type semiconductor material and a layer of p-type semiconductor material.
- the invention relates, on the one hand, to the use of the thermoelectric converter of the energy generating elementary device as described above for cooling the photovoltaic converter of said elementary device, and other on the other hand, the use of the thermoelectric converters of the energy generating system as described above for cooling the photovoltaic converters of said system.
- FIG. 1, already described above represents a type of coupling between a photovoltaic converter and a thermoelectric converter according to the prior art
- FIG. 2, already described above represents another type of coupling between a converter; photovoltaic system and a thermoelectric converter known from the prior art
- FIG. 3 represents the elementary device generating energy according to the invention
- FIG. 4 represents the energy generating system according to the invention
- FIG. 5 represents the electrical diagram equivalent to the system represented in FIG. 4;
- FIGS. 6A to 6D illustrate the steps of the method for producing the elementary energy generating device according to the invention
- FIGS. 7A to 7F illustrate the steps of the method for producing the energy generating system according to the invention. DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
- an electrically conductive layer is deposited on the upper face of a support substrate 3 made of electrically insulating and thermally insulating material.
- a layer of molybdenum may be deposited on a glass substrate (FIG. 6A).
- the same electrically conductive layer will serve as both the lower electrode 200 of the photovoltaic converter and the hot junction 200 of the thermoelectric converter.
- it may be chosen to deposit two electrically conductive layers one on the other, one serving as the lower electrode of the photovoltaic converter and the other serving as a hot junction of the thermoelectric converter.
- a through-hole is then produced in the thickness of the support substrate 3 starting from the underside of the support substrate until it reaches the electrically conductive layer present on its upper face, for example by chemical etching (lithogravure) (FIG. 6B).
- thermoelectric and electrically conductive material a material in powder form, or paste obtained by mixing powder (s) and a binder, in order to suitably fill the hole.
- the material in the form of powder or paste is then sintered so as to obtain good cohesion of the thermoelectric material within the hole and also to ensure good ohmic contact between the thermoelectric material and the electrically conductive layer.
- thermoelectric element 400 which here has the shape of a bar (according to the shape of the hole) ( Figure 6C).
- the sintering can be carried out at a temperature of 410 ° C. and at a pressure of 2 tons / cm 2 .
- thermoelectric converter (FIG. 6C).
- a layer of p-type semiconductor material 103 is deposited, followed by the deposition of a layer of semiconductor material.
- n-type conductor 102 to obtain a n / p junction.
- the materials in question may be respectively p-doped silicon and n-doped silicon.
- an electrically conductive layer for example a Ni-Cu metal layer, to produce the upper electrode 100 of the photovoltaic converter (FIG. 6D).
- This metal layer is etched to form a grid so that the underlying layer can receive light radiation.
- the Etched metal layer may be associated with a transparent and electrically conductive layer (eg TCO) deposited directly on the junction.
- two through holes can be made in the thickness of the support substrate.
- the two holes are filled respectively with an n-type thermoelectric material and a p-type thermoelectric material; for example, one of the holes may be filled with a p-type semiconductor material and the other hole may be filled with a n-type semiconductor material in powder form and the sintering of the material is carried out. An n-type bar and a p-type bar are then obtained.
- an electrically conductive layer on the rear face of the support substrate in a pattern designed so that the end of the p-type semiconductor bar and the end of the n-type semiconductor bar are not electrically in contact through this metallization layer.
- the metallization can for example be obtained by screen printing or by photolithography of an electrically conductive layer.
- the electrically conductive layer may for example be a molybdenum layer. Then, we engrave the back side of the substrate
- thermoelectric and electrically conductive materials of the n and p type for example semiconductor materials
- the holes are then filled with powder or paste of thermoelectric and electrically conductive materials of the n and p type, for example semiconductor materials, so as to obtain, after sintering, a bar made of n-type material 401 and a bar made of p-type material 402 for each conductive track.
- Sintering makes it possible to obtain a cohesion of the materials within the holes and to ensure good ohmic contact between the bars and their respective conductive tracks (FIG. 7D).
- the rear face of the support substrate is then metallized in a pattern intended to achieve an electrical connection between adjacent bars but belonging to different couples, one of type p and the other of type n ( Figure 7D). This produces thermoelectric converters connected in series.
- a layer of first semiconductor material 103 is deposited on the front face of the support substrate, as well as a layer of second semiconductor material 102. It may be a semi-conductive material.
- n-type driver and a p-type semiconductor material, or vice versa for example an n-doped silicon layer and a p-doped silicon layer.
- the photovoltaic converters always have an n / p junction (that is to say two layers, an n-type and a p-type semiconductor layer), but it is quite obvious that the n / p junction can be replaced by a single layer of photoactive material.
- an electrically conductive layer is deposited on the front face of the support substrate and is structured, for example by etching, so that it overlaps at least partially two adjacent n / p junctions, so as to electrically connect the junctions. p adjacent ( Figure 7F).
- the serial interconnections of the converters are exploited. photovoltaic and electrical insulation of their lower electrode through the support substrate to make a series connection of thermoelectric converters.
- the lower electrode of the photovoltaic converters is used to electrically connect the photovoltaic converters in series, but also serves as a hot junction for the thermoelectric converters, in this case the lower electrode serves connection between the bars n and p of the same thermoelectric converter.
- a power generation system comprising several photovoltaic converters and several thermoelectric converters
- the device and the system obtained result from the integration of one or more thermoelectric converters into the thickness of a support substrate used to support one or more photovoltaic converters, the lower electrode of photovoltaic converters acting as the hot junction of thermoelectric converters.
- thermoelectric converters we take advantage of the nature thermally insulating support substrate or photovoltaic converter (s), usually made of glass, and the support substrate is functionalized, which, in addition to serving as support for the photovoltaic converter (s), serves also to generate a heat gradient exploitable by the thermoelectric converter (s).
- the support substrate may be an airgel layer of low thermal conductivity material (less than 0.2 W.m- 1, T- 1 ), for example a silica airgel.
- a silica airgel for example a silica airgel.
- the use of an airgel makes it possible to obtain a layer in which it is easier to engrave holes.
- an additional support that is more rigid than the airgel layer, for example a glass substrate, beneath the metallization layer serving as a cold junction for the airgel.
- thermoelectric converter (s) thermoelectric converter
- thermoelectric (s) The advantage of the elementary device and the system according to the invention is that one can optimize their power. Indeed, since the photovoltaic current and the thermoelectric current are exploited simultaneously, it is necessary to optimize the internal resistors of the photovoltaic converter (s) and the converter (s). thermoelectric (s) to obtain maximum electrical power from both energy sources and an optimal conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 5 shows that, in order for the current not to flow into the thermoelectric converter 5, it is necessary to have the
- R * is known that the value of the resistance R sh depends on the characteristics of the junction of the photovoltaic converter, that is to say, materials constituting the n / p junction. If the materials n and p are obtained from doped silicon, the value of the resistance R sh can not be modulated if it is desired to obtain an optimal conversion yield.
- thermoelectric converter or converters of the system can also operate in Peltier mode, that is to say use an electric current to produce a drop in temperature, thereby cooling the photovoltaic converter. and thus reduce the performance drop of the photovoltaic converter generated by heat. This cooling can also be used in the elementary device generating energy according to the invention.
- the lower electrode is based on molybdenum and is coated with a functional layer consisting of a chalcopyrite absorber.
- the chalcopyrite absorber may be preferably composed of ternary chalcopyrite compounds which generally contain copper, indium and selenium.
- ternary chalcopyrite compounds which generally contain copper, indium and selenium.
- To the gallium absorber layer eg Cu (In, Ga) Se2 or CuGaSe2
- aluminum eg Cu (In, Al) Se 2
- sulfur for example, CuIn (Se, S
- All of these compounds are generally referred to hereinafter as "chalcopyrite absorber layers”.
- the functional layer of chalcopyrite absorber is coated with a thin layer of cadmium sulphide (CdS) to create with the layer to chalcopyrite a n / p junction.
- CdS cadmium sulphide
- This thin layer of CdS is itself covered with a bonding layer generally formed of so-called intrinsic zinc oxide (ZnO: i).
- the ZnO: i layer is covered with a conductive TCO layer ("Transparent Conductive Oxide").
- a conductive TCO layer Transparent Conductive Oxide
- doped tin oxide in particular fluorine or antimony
- the precursors that can be used in the case of CVD deposition may be organometallic or tin halides associated with a fluorine precursor of the type hydrofluoric acid or trifluoroacetic acid
- doped zinc oxide especially with aluminum
- the precursors which can be used, in the case of CVD deposition may be organometallic or zinc and aluminum halides
- doped indium oxide, in particular with tin the precursors that can be used in the case of CVD deposition can be organometallic or tin and indium halides).
- This conductive layer must be as transparent as possible, and have a high transmission of light in all the wavelengths corresponding to the absorption spectrum of the material constituting the functional layer, so as not to reduce the efficiency of the module unnecessarily. solar.
- the stack of thin layers is trapped between two substrates via a lamination interlayer for example PU, PVB or EVA.
- the first substrate is distinguished from the second substrate by the fact that it is necessarily made of glass, based on alkalis (for reasons which have been explained in the preamble of the invention), such as a soda-lime-silica glass of way to conform a solar cell or photovoltaic.
- the assembly is then encapsulated peripherally using a seal or sealing resin.
- An example of composition of this resin and its methods of implementation is described in document [4] referenced at the end of this description.
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0759890A FR2925225B1 (fr) | 2007-12-17 | 2007-12-17 | Dispositif generateur d'energie comprenant un convertisseur photovoltaique et un convertisseur thermoelectrique, ce dernier etant inclus au sein du substrat support du convertisseur photovoltaique |
| PCT/EP2008/067748 WO2009077562A1 (fr) | 2007-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Dispositif generateur d'energie comprenant un convertisseur photovoltaique et un convertisseur thermoelectrique, ce dernier etant inclus au sein du substrat support du convertisseur photovoltaique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2232588A1 true EP2232588A1 (fr) | 2010-09-29 |
Family
ID=39592131
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08861027A Withdrawn EP2232588A1 (fr) | 2007-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Dispositif generateur d'energie comprenant un convertisseur photovoltaique et un convertisseur thermoelectrique, ce dernier etant inclus au sein du substrat support du convertisseur photovoltaique |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110083711A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2232588A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2011508411A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101952978B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2925225B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009077562A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5560610B2 (ja) | 2009-08-26 | 2014-07-30 | 富士通株式会社 | 発電装置及びそのような発電装置を備えた発電システム |
| TWI449197B (zh) * | 2009-10-28 | 2014-08-11 | Physics Hsu | Solar thermal power generator |
| ES2398841B1 (es) * | 2010-03-01 | 2014-02-14 | Fº JAVIER PORRAS VILA | Generador solar de espejos convexos, con circuito potenciador. |
| CN102214784B (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2014-09-03 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 热电装置及其形成方法 |
| FR2968837B1 (fr) * | 2010-12-10 | 2013-08-23 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Thermo-générateur et procédé de réalisation de thermo-générateur |
| CN102594206A (zh) * | 2011-01-07 | 2012-07-18 | 张一熙 | 运用透明薄膜太阳能电池的光伏光热一体化系统 |
| JP5376087B1 (ja) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-25 | 株式会社デンソー | 熱電変換装置の製造方法 |
| JP2014007376A (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2014-01-16 | Denso Corp | 熱電変換装置 |
| DE102012107100A1 (de) * | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | Dynamic Solar Systems Inc. | Verbesserte Schichtsolarzelle |
| JP5999066B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-04 | 2016-09-28 | 株式会社デンソー | 振動検出器 |
| US9276190B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2016-03-01 | The Pen | Practical method of producing an aerogel composite continuous thin film thermoelectric semiconductor material by modified MOCVD |
| US9040339B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2015-05-26 | The Pen | Practical method of producing an aerogel composite continuous thin film thermoelectric semiconductor material |
| JP6011514B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-30 | 2016-10-19 | 株式会社デンソー | 液面高さ検出計 |
| CN104851965A (zh) * | 2015-03-29 | 2015-08-19 | 四川师范大学 | 一种采用碲化铋掺杂碳气凝胶制备热电材料的新方法 |
| DE102015013359A1 (de) * | 2015-10-17 | 2017-04-20 | Rainer Pommersheim | Thermovoltaikmodul und -kollektor mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten sowie kombiniertes Thermovoltaik-/Photovoltaikmodul und -kollektor mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten |
| WO2017165938A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | W&E International (Canada) Corp. | Unité combinée d'électricité solaire et solaire thermique hautement efficace |
| CN107403851B (zh) * | 2017-05-09 | 2023-07-18 | 五好科技(浙江)有限公司 | 一种光伏温差发电一体化芯片及其制造方法 |
| DE102017127267A1 (de) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-23 | Bpe E.K. | Foto-Thermogenerator |
| US11856857B2 (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2023-12-26 | Sheetak, Inc. | Integrated thermoelectric devices on insulating media |
| EP3913681B1 (fr) * | 2020-05-18 | 2024-09-18 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Procédé de fabrication d'un convertisseur thermoélectrique intégré et convertisseur thermoélectrique intégré ainsi obtenu |
| US11696504B2 (en) | 2020-05-18 | 2023-07-04 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Method of fabrication of an integrated thermoelectric converter, and integrated thermoelectric converter thus obtained |
| CN116110992B (zh) * | 2021-11-09 | 2024-12-06 | 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 | 一种光伏-热电集成器件 |
| SE546085C2 (sv) * | 2021-12-08 | 2024-05-14 | Sellergren Per Ivar | Strukturellt konstruktionselement med tunnfilmsteknik för elgenerering, elenergilagring och termoelektrisk temperaturreglering |
| EP4505595A1 (fr) * | 2022-05-06 | 2025-02-12 | The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate | Système thermophotovoltaïque |
| CH721094B1 (fr) * | 2023-08-31 | 2025-07-15 | Halimi Eric | Dispositif énergétique comportant une couche thermoélectrique et/ou thermophotovoltaïque et un gel photovoltaïque, dédié pour véhicules, bâtiments et objets connectés |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50134391A (fr) * | 1974-04-09 | 1975-10-24 | ||
| US4106952A (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1978-08-15 | Kravitz Jerome H | Solar panel unit |
| JPS5522163U (fr) * | 1978-07-28 | 1980-02-13 | ||
| JPS60260166A (ja) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-12-23 | Fuji Electric Corp Res & Dev Ltd | 光電・熱電エネルギ−変換装置 |
| US4689438A (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1987-08-25 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Photovoltaic device |
| JPS62145783A (ja) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-06-29 | Hitachi Ltd | 薄膜型熱電モジユ−ル |
| DE3619327A1 (de) * | 1986-06-09 | 1987-12-10 | Volkrodt Wolfgang | Solaranlage mit kombinierter photonen- und waermeenergiekonversion |
| JPH04280482A (ja) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-10-06 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | 太陽光を利用した冷却素子 |
| US5221364A (en) * | 1992-02-20 | 1993-06-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Lightweight solar cell |
| JP4001104B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-20 | 2007-10-31 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| US5936193A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-08-10 | Parise; Ronald J. | Nighttime solar cell |
| JP3437422B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-15 | 2003-08-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | 酸化インジウム薄膜の形成方法、該酸化インジウム薄膜を用いた半導体素子用基体及び光起電力素子 |
| JP2003046147A (ja) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-14 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | 熱電素子モジュール及びその製造方法 |
| JP2003174202A (ja) * | 2001-09-25 | 2003-06-20 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 熱電装置とこれを用いた光モジュール及びこれらの製造方法 |
| JP3950954B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-06 | 2007-08-01 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 太陽電池部分冷却装置 |
| US7461512B2 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2008-12-09 | California Institute Of Technology | System and method for suppressing sublimation using opacified aerogel |
| US6969679B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-11-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Fabrication of nanoscale thermoelectric devices |
| US20050150537A1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-14 | Nanocoolers Inc. | Thermoelectric devices |
| JP4783117B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-09-28 | 東レ・ダウコーニング株式会社 | シリカ系ガラス薄層付き無機質基板、その製造方法、コーテイング剤および半導体装置 |
| US8334450B2 (en) * | 2006-09-04 | 2012-12-18 | Micallef Joseph A | Seebeck solar cell |
| TWI353673B (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2011-12-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Integrated package having solar cell and thermoele |
| US20110048489A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-03 | Gabriel Karim M | Combined thermoelectric/photovoltaic device for high heat flux applications and method of making the same |
-
2007
- 2007-12-17 FR FR0759890A patent/FR2925225B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-12-17 US US12/808,494 patent/US20110083711A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-17 EP EP08861027A patent/EP2232588A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-17 JP JP2010538706A patent/JP2011508411A/ja active Pending
- 2008-12-17 CN CN200880126556.8A patent/CN101952978B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-17 WO PCT/EP2008/067748 patent/WO2009077562A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009077562A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009077562A1 (fr) | 2009-06-25 |
| CN101952978B (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
| FR2925225B1 (fr) | 2010-06-11 |
| FR2925225A1 (fr) | 2009-06-19 |
| JP2011508411A (ja) | 2011-03-10 |
| US20110083711A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
| CN101952978A (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2232588A1 (fr) | Dispositif generateur d'energie comprenant un convertisseur photovoltaique et un convertisseur thermoelectrique, ce dernier etant inclus au sein du substrat support du convertisseur photovoltaique | |
| EP2452369B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication de cellules photovoltaiques multi-jonctions et multi-électrodes | |
| EP2172981B1 (fr) | Cellule photovoltaïque à hétérojonction à deux dopages et procédé de fabrication | |
| EP3493277B1 (fr) | Procédé d'interconnexion de cellules photovoltaïques avec une électrode pourvue de nanofils métalliques | |
| FR2781930A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de modules photovoltaiques et module photovoltaique | |
| WO2011080470A1 (fr) | Cellule photovoltaïque organique et module comprenant une telle cellule | |
| US9401440B2 (en) | Solar cell and method of fabricating the same | |
| EP2302689A1 (fr) | Systeme photovoltaique et son procede de fabrication | |
| FR3069705A1 (fr) | Cellule photovoltaique tandem | |
| FR2877144A1 (fr) | Structure multicouche monolithique pour la connexion de cellules a semi-conducteur | |
| FR3083369A1 (fr) | Interconnexion monolithique de modules photovoltaiques | |
| FR2945670A1 (fr) | Dispositif photovoltaique et procede de fabrication | |
| EP2497118B1 (fr) | Conducteur de cellule photovoltaïque en deux parties serigraphiees haute et basse temperature | |
| EP4195297A1 (fr) | Module photovoltaïque à diode de dérivation imprimée intégrée | |
| FR3024591A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d’un panneau photovoltaique | |
| FR3074963A1 (fr) | Module photovoltaique comportant des cellules photovoltaiques interconnectees par des elements d'interconnexion | |
| WO2013102725A2 (fr) | Cellule photovoltaïque et procédé de réalisation | |
| KR101338549B1 (ko) | 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법 | |
| EP4423819A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'un assemblage d'une cellule photovoltaïque et d'un élément d'interconnexion | |
| JP4693492B2 (ja) | 光電変換装置およびそれを用いた光発電装置 | |
| FR3026229A1 (fr) | Cellule photovoltaique a contacts en face arriere, module photovoltaique et procede de fabrication d'un tel module | |
| EP4416764A1 (fr) | Ensemble pour module photovoltaïque, module photovoltaïque et procédé de fabrication de l'ensemble et du module | |
| EP4521887A1 (fr) | Procédé de passivation de cellules photovoltaïques | |
| WO2016096669A1 (fr) | Dispositif photovoltaique doté d'une couche conductrice et transparente a base de nanofils et procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif | |
| FR3083368A1 (fr) | Interconnexion monolithique de modules photovoltaiques en face arriere |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20100625 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA MK RS |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: GAILLARD, FREDERIC Inventor name: MULET, JEAN-PHILIPPE Inventor name: NOEL, SEBASTIEN Inventor name: SCHWEITZER, JEAN-PHILIPPE Inventor name: GILLES, JEROME Inventor name: PLISSONNIER, MARC Inventor name: CAPDEVILLE, STEPHANIE |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20160420 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20160831 |