EP2231406A1 - Utilisation d'une unité de pelliculage à froid comprenant l'application de colle - Google Patents
Utilisation d'une unité de pelliculage à froid comprenant l'application de colleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2231406A1 EP2231406A1 EP08858872A EP08858872A EP2231406A1 EP 2231406 A1 EP2231406 A1 EP 2231406A1 EP 08858872 A EP08858872 A EP 08858872A EP 08858872 A EP08858872 A EP 08858872A EP 2231406 A1 EP2231406 A1 EP 2231406A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- film
- transfer
- printing
- adhesive
- adhesive medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F19/00—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations
- B41F19/02—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations with embossing
- B41F19/06—Printing and embossing between a negative and a positive forme after inking and wiping the negative forme; Printing from an ink band treated with colour or "gold"
- B41F19/062—Presses of the rotary type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device in a machine for transferring imaging layers from a carrier film to printing sheet according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- EP 0 569 520 B1 describes a printing material and a printing device using this material.
- a sheet-processing machine which has a feeder and a boom, between two units printing units and a coating unit are arranged.
- an adhesive pattern is applied by means of the planographic printing process. This adhesive pattern is applied in a cold printing process and has a specific imaging subject.
- a film guide is provided in the printing unit following the coating unit with a counter-pressure cylinder and a press roller.
- the transfer film has a carrier layer on which imaging layers such as metallic layers, for example of aluminum, can be applied. Between the metallic layer and the carrier film, a separating layer is provided, which ensures that the metallic layer can be removed from the carrier layer.
- each sheet is given an adhesive pattern. Thereafter, the sheet is passed through the loading lamination, wherein by means of the press roller on the impression cylinder resting sheet is brought into contact with the sheet material. In doing so, the downwardly lying metallic layer has a close connection with the adhesive areas on the sheet. After further transporting the printing sheet, the metallic layer adheres only in the area provided with the adhesive pattern. The carrier film is thus removed from the metallic layer in the region of the adhesive pattern. The used in this way transfer film is wound up again. The print sheet is laid out in the coated state.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device by means of which the transfer of an imaging layer to a sheet can be done economically and safely, the device should be easy to handle.
- the setting of a printing unit which is arranged as a suitable for the film transfer coating unit as a commissioned work for adhesive by incorporating a device for controlling the color density so that in this commissioned work for the film transfer process favorable settings in a simple manner can be done.
- the adjustment of the glue feed to the coater prior to the film transfer coater is performed in the function of a printing unit of a printing press for the function of film transfer in the printing unit.
- the adhesive is used like a printing ink and measured by means of a color density measuring system on the printed sheet.
- the adhesive is colored with a special color, which is matched to the film to be transferred and at the same time good metrological detectable.
- the adhesive application can be easily controlled in this way and, if desired, even regulated with respect to a required order quantity.
- the device can advantageously also be used even if an improvement in film utilization is to be achieved by dividing the transfer film into one or more partial film webs of lesser width. In combination with the above-mentioned method, it is thus also possible to use different types of film side by side.
- Figure 1 an overview of a printing press with a
- Film transfer device Figure 2 shows a printing machine with a control panel
- 3 shows a printed sheet with test fields for the adhesive measurement.
- FIG. 1 shows a sheet-processing machine which consists of at least two printing units.
- the two printing units are used for the following purposes.
- a printing sheet is provided with an imaging adhesive pattern in the first printing unit (applicator 1).
- an imaging adhesive pattern in the first printing unit (applicator 1).
- a transfer film 5 through a transfer nip. 6 guided, wherein the transfer film 5 is pressed in the transfer nip 6 against the sheet (coating unit 2).
- the applicator 1 may be a known offset printing unit with an inking unit 11 a plate cylinder 12, a blanket cylinder 13 and a sheet leading impression cylinder 4. Likewise, this may be a so-called paint module in which the blanket cylinder 13 is formed as a forme cylinder. The form cylinder is coated with paint or glue from e.g. as a chamber doctor blade trained device instead of the inking unit 11 supplies.
- the transfer nip 6 in the coating unit 2 is formed by a press roll 3 and an impression cylinder 4.
- the press roller 3, the blanket cylinder and the impression cylinder 4 correspond to the impression cylinder of an offset printing unit.
- the press roller 3 can correspond to the forme cylinder and the impression cylinder 4 to the impression cylinder of a paint module of a sheet-fed press.
- the transfer films 5 have a multilayer structure. They have a carrier layer on which an imaging layer is applied by means of a release layer.
- the separating layer serves to facilitate the lifting of the imaging layer from the carrier layer.
- the image-forming layer may be, for example, a metallized layer or a gloss layer or a texture layer or a colored layer or a layer containing one or more image patterns.
- the film supply roll 8 is assigned to the coating unit 2 on the side of the sheet feed.
- the film supply roll 8 has a rotary drive 7.
- the rotary drive 7 is required for the continuous controlled feeding of the transfer film to the coating unit 2 and is therefore controllable.
- a deflecting or tensioning roller is provided in the region of the film feed.
- the film web of the transfer film is always held in the same voltage against the press roller 3.
- a film collection roller 9 is shown on the downstream side of the printing unit.
- the used film material is wound up again.
- rotary actuator 7 which is controllable.
- the transfer film 5 could also be moved by the rotary drive 7 on the discharge side and kept taut on the inlet side by means of a brake.
- the transfer process of the imaging e.g. Metallized layer on the print paper takes place in the transfer nip 6 between the press roller 3 and the impression cylinder. 4
- a press roll 3 ' as indicated in Figure 1 in the applicator 1, the transfer gap between blanket cylinder 13 and impression cylinder 4 downstream and assigned to the impression cylinder 4.
- a transfer film 5' can be placed on a sheet held on the printing cylinder 4, so that the image-forming or metallizing layer can be made there directly downstream of the imaging adhesive application.
- the press roll 3 is provided with a press fabric 10, e.g. be provided as a plastic coating, comparable to a blanket or blanket.
- the press fabric 10 is held in a cylinder channel on jigs.
- Transfer nip 6 and the film collection roller 9 is controlled so that as far as possible, the transfer sheet 5 is stopped when no transmission of the imaging layer should take place.
- a control of the transfer film 5 can be carried out such that the film feed is stopped when a gripper of the sheet-guiding counterpressure cylinder 4 accommodates the cylinder channel.
- a web guide for transfer films 5 is shown, has film guide rollers 14, by means of which the transfer film 5 is supplied to the transfer nip 6 and discharged therefrom.
- openings in provide the coating 2 existing contactors 15. These openings are designed so that the film webs 5 are easily fed and discharged and at the same time the protection function is fully retained.
- information about the web tension is additionally obtained by monitoring the film guide; these can be used to control the printing or transfer process.
- the system can be connected to a control station of the printing press.
- the setpoints for maximum and minimum web tension can be entered via the control station. This may depend on the type of transfer film 5 used and on the printing or transfer conditions in the coating module 2 in connection with the properties of the printing material, the adhesive or the press fabric.
- the necessary data can be read via interfaces directly from data carriers to film supply rolls and changed by means of parameter values from the setting of the transfer process on the coating module 2.
- the printed sheet from the coating unit 2 is transferred from the counter-pressure cylinder 4 via a sheet-transfer drum or a sheet-transfer unit to an impression cylinder 40 of the printing unit 50.
- the printing unit 50 has, as usual in offset printing units, the counter-pressure cylinder 40, a rubber or blanket cylinder 41 associated therewith, and a plate cylinder 43 associated therewith.
- the plate cylinder 43 are here shown schematically an inking unit and a dampening unit assigned.
- a further pressure gap 60 is formed between the counter-pressure cylinder 40 and the blanket cylinder 41.
- ink is applied from a spanned on the plate cylinder 43 printing plate 44 via a arranged on the blanket cylinder 41 cover 42 on the sheet.
- an approximately line-shaped pressure is exerted on the printed sheet, which also acts on the image parts of the metallic coating. It is provided here that the pressure in the press nip 60 is matched to the pressure provided in the transfer nip 6.
- machine controls are provided for the control of the processes. These controls include all settings for the printing unit 50 and also the printing units of the printing press, which are included in the coating unit 2 and the commissioned work 1. Furthermore, a control device is provided in connection with the machine control, which is designed as a color measuring system and serves to monitor the print quality. Color measurement or color control fields are measured optically with respect to their density or colorimetric reflections. The color measurement or color control fields are usually arranged as a control strip at the beginning or at the end of the sheet and can be easily scanned on the measuring system. Likewise, a distribution of color control fields over a print sheet is also common, especially in packaging printing. With a setting of the printing machine for the cold foil transfer are accordingly settings in the printing units, which are derived from a control process of the color measurement and control system, very useful.
- the printing press shown has a feeder 51 for singling printing sheets 60. These are designed after printing in the applicator 1, the coating unit 2 and the printing unit 50 in a boom 52 on a stack.
- the printing unit 50 is shown as a paint module.
- the printing unit 50 should be functionally evaluated as a printing unit.
- an offset printing unit or several printing units can also be used.
- printed sheets are produced according to the method described above by means of adhesive application in the applicator 1 and cold foil transfer in the coating unit 2.
- the required transfer sheet 5 is transported from the supply roll 8 to the take-up roll 9 and brought together in the transfer nip 6 of the coating unit 2 between the press roll 3 and impression cylinder 4 with the substrate (paper, cardboard, plastic film, etc.) under pressure, so as to carry out the transfer of the wear layer , In the following printing units 50, the sheet can still be coated or further printed.
- auxiliary measuring fields 61 are provided for the evaluation of the adhesive application.
- the auxiliary measuring fields 61 are arranged in a row on an edge of the printing sheet 60.
- the auxiliary measuring fields 61 are arranged zonally, so that the adhesive application can be monitored for a plurality of strips running parallel in the longitudinal direction of the printing sheet 60.
- the auxiliary measuring fields 61 can be arranged in conjunction with a known, so-called print control bar with test fields for the metrological monitoring of the coloring of the printed after the film transfer printing inks.
- the described auxiliary measuring fields 61 are dyed as well as the intended for the film transfer printing 62 in the applicator 2 with adhesive. After the coating process and a possibly completed printing on the foil application, the printed sheet 60 can first be easily visually evaluated by the operator on a control panel 80.
- a quality control device 70 is suitable, which is also used for the detection of color density values for printing inks. This can be associated with a tracing surface for printed sheets 60 on the control panel 80 be. Thus, a test sheet taken from the boom 52 can be deposited there and the adhesive coloring determined automatically.
- the setting of the adhesive metering is carried out by means of equally zonal trained metering in Farbwerki 1 of the applicator 1 and then takes place on the basis of the detected by the quality control device 70 Farbdicht-, Därbungs- or other kind of layer parameters in the measured auxiliary measuring fields 61 for the adhesive.
- Corresponding measuring devices for the quality control device 70 are known and can be arranged outside the printing machine or integrated into the printing press.
- the measurement data acquisition can thus in a first case by means of a stand-alone or connected to the control station 80 hand-held reader, which is brought in optimized positioning to the auxiliary measuring fields 61 and reads there the density, coloration, coverage or coating values optically.
- the data transfer to the controller for the printing press or to the control for the adhesive metering takes place via line, radio, infrared light or other transfer techniques.
- the measurement data acquisition takes place in a second case by means of one or more integrated quality control device 70 on the control panel 80, which is designed as AbGermanungstisch 81.
- the measuring device or devices for the quality control device 70 are assigned to the contact surface of the matching table 81 on the control console 80. From these measuring devices for the quality control device 70, a respective printed sheet 60 in the field of its auxiliary measuring fields 61 can be automated and read during the machine run. Thus, the coating parameters of the adhesive can be constantly accurately determined and readjusted by means of the quality control device 70.
- the corresponding control and regulating device for the quality control device 70 is usually integrated in the control panel 80 and is in control with the metering devices in the inking unit 11 of the applicator 1 in connection. This connection can also be provided for the Farbdosier perceiveden the printing unit 50 or other printing units.
- the data transfer to the machine control and the storage of the data, which adjusts the coloring of the printing sheet 60 with adhesive, can be carried out by customary means.
- film transfer may only take place if appropriate adhesive application data for optimum cold foil transfer have been preset via quality control device 70, recorded according to specified test sheets and optionally automatically corrected.
- the control of the printing press according to the invention therefore also provides that a setting for the cold foil transfer also uses the color measuring system during adhesive application.
- the auxiliary measuring fields 61 are provided as specific measuring fields for the adhesive on the printing sheet 60. These are standalone or arranged in the field of color or print control strips with color measurement fields for the other colors to be printed on the sheet. Therefore, the auxiliary measurement fields 61 for the adhesive can be measured simultaneously with the color measurement fields of the other colors.
- the setting of the adhesive feed in the applicator 1 can be automated in this way so that a large amount of expensive waste paper can be saved in the film transfer.
- an adhesive in the manner of a color which is matched to the film layer to be transferred.
- additional color effects can be created or the basic color of the film can be enhanced or the gloss of the film improved or even defects in the film can be compensated.
- the color of the adhesive can also be chosen so that it is easily detectable by measurement.
- auxiliary measuring fields 61 can be reliably detected, it is provided that no film transfer takes place in the area of the auxiliary measuring fields 61.
- the press fabric used for the film transfer 10 may be recessed on the press roller 3 in the areas of the auxiliary measuring fields 61 for the adhesive application, that nevertheless no film transfer occurs when passing through the transfer film 5 through the press nip 6.
- the surface of the press fabric 10 may be withdrawn on the press roller 3 in the area in which the auxiliary measuring fields 61 are printed on the sheet 60, with respect to the normal surface contour.
- the press fabric 10 may be recessed in this area as a so-called stripped rubber blanket. It is also possible to reduce the substructure of the press fabric 10 in the area concerned, for example by removing parts of underlay sheets which bring the press fabric 10 to the correct cylinder diameter of the press roll 3 in this area.
- the adhesive dosage can be controlled depending on the boundary conditions of the coating application and the materials used. In the case of smooth, only slightly absorbent substrates, a lesser adhesive application can be selected, whereas in the case of simpler, not so smooth and more absorbent substrates, the application of adhesive can be increased. Likewise, the adhesive application can be adjusted depending on the type of transfer film 5. In this case, the detachment behavior of the wear layer of the transfer film 5 from the carrier layer plays a special role. Therefore, in the case of slightly detaching transfer films 5, the application of adhesive need not be as strong as with less easily removable transfer films 5. These settings can be selected in the area of the presetting for the adhesive metering in applicator 1.
- the color control device 70 can detect the shape of the adhesive surface during the measurement, so that it can be determined from this how good the printed adhesive surface is pronounced and how well the film transfer can be carried out. From an index determined here for the expression or uniformity and covering of the adhesive surface on the substrate in the area of the auxiliary measuring fields 61 for the adhesive, it is then possible to conclude the property of the substrate with respect to its assumption and counteract it by means of a control algorithm.
- the color control device 70 can ideally also be arranged as an inline measuring device 71 within the printing press, specifically here directly after the applicator 1, for example at its impression cylinder 4. Then the adhesive application can be measured directly before the film transfer and the effect of the interaction between adhesive application and substrate surface can be compensated faster, so that a good product can be produced faster.
- the coating itself is controllable.
- a few selected auxiliary measuring fields 61 for the application of adhesive are coated with foil.
- the film-coated surface of the auxiliary measurement fields 61 can be analyzed using image analysis software in terms of their surface quality, gloss and accuracy.
- the geometric surface coverage or dot gain in the area of the film-coated measuring fields can also be considered as measured values. From this setting parameters for the film transfer can be derived. For this, the machine speed, the web tension of the transfer film 5, the additional pressure in the transfer nip 6 or the position of the web guide in front of and behind the transfer nip 6 come into question.
- the auxiliary measurement fields 61 can be combined with color control fields for a subsequent color printing and with measurement fields for controlling the film transfer.
- the quality control device 70 is then able to differentiate the various control or measuring fields and to evaluate them with regard to the respective quality criteria.
- the regulation of the metering of adhesive and printing ink or the influencing of the film transfer process itself are derived by the control and regulating device of the printing press from the measured values of the quality control device 70 or the inline measuring device 71.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Rotary Presses (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007060277 | 2007-12-12 | ||
DE102008044090A DE102008044090A1 (de) | 2007-12-12 | 2008-11-26 | Betrieb eines Kaltfolienaggregates mit Kleberauftrag |
PCT/EP2008/066301 WO2009074459A1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 | 2008-11-27 | Utilisation d'une unité de pelliculage à froid comprenant l'application de colle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2231406A1 true EP2231406A1 (fr) | 2010-09-29 |
EP2231406B1 EP2231406B1 (fr) | 2013-05-29 |
Family
ID=40690115
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08858872.8A Active EP2231406B1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 | 2008-11-27 | Unité de pelliculage à froid comprenant une unite d'application de colle |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2231406B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5436445B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102008044090A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009074459A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2672008B1 (fr) | 1991-01-29 | 1994-09-02 | Cros Jean Pierre | Materiau pour impression et procede et installation d'impression au moyen de ce materiau. |
JPH11151800A (ja) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-06-08 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 印刷濃度調整装置 |
JPH11245381A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-14 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 印刷紙面の横方向印刷濃度制御装置 |
JP2000006374A (ja) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-01-11 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 印刷濃度調整装置 |
DE10047394A1 (de) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-04-19 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Modulares Druckmaschinensystem zum Bedrucken von Bogen |
DE102005011568A1 (de) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-11-17 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Produktionsverfahren für eine Prägeeinrichtung in einer Bogendruckmaschine |
DE102005008940C5 (de) * | 2004-04-13 | 2017-01-12 | manroland sheetfed GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Prägefoliendruck |
DE102004063190A1 (de) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-07-13 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Vorrichtung zum Kleberauftrag für Kaltfolienprägung |
DE102006015249A1 (de) * | 2006-04-01 | 2007-10-04 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Druckmaschine mit Prägeeinrichtung |
-
2008
- 2008-11-26 DE DE102008044090A patent/DE102008044090A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-27 WO PCT/EP2008/066301 patent/WO2009074459A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-11-27 JP JP2010537369A patent/JP5436445B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-27 EP EP08858872.8A patent/EP2231406B1/fr active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009074459A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009074459A1 (fr) | 2009-06-18 |
JP2011506137A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
DE102008044090A1 (de) | 2009-06-25 |
JP5436445B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
EP2231406B1 (fr) | 2013-05-29 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: RESCHKE, GUIDO Inventor name: SCHOELZIG, JUERGEN Inventor name: TREISS, WOLFGANG |
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