EP2225023A2 - Poröse monolithische materialien - Google Patents
Poröse monolithische materialienInfo
- Publication number
- EP2225023A2 EP2225023A2 EP08868989A EP08868989A EP2225023A2 EP 2225023 A2 EP2225023 A2 EP 2225023A2 EP 08868989 A EP08868989 A EP 08868989A EP 08868989 A EP08868989 A EP 08868989A EP 2225023 A2 EP2225023 A2 EP 2225023A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- porous
- monolith
- inorganic
- carbon
- general formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible storage of hydrogen, e.g. by hydrogen getters or electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible storage of hydrogen, e.g. by hydrogen getters or electrodes characterised by the uptaking media; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0015—Organic compounds, e.g. liquid organic hydrogen carriers [LOHC] or metalorganic compounds; Solutions thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/125—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one oxygen atom in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/142—Side-chains containing oxygen
- C08G2261/1422—Side-chains containing oxygen containing OH groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3222—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more oxygen atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. furan
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/34—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating partially-aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/342—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating partially-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing only carbon atoms
- C08G2261/3424—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating partially-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing only carbon atoms non-conjugated, e.g. paracyclophanes or xylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- the invention relates to monolithic materials which consist of porous, preferably highly porous carbon, and are suitable, inter alia, for the storage of gases such as hydrogen and methane, the absorptive and adsorptive gas purification.
- the high energy consumption for the compression and in particular for the liquefaction represents a further disadvantage, which reduces the potential environmental benefits of gas-powered vehicles.
- the tank design must accommodate storage at cryogenic temperatures (20K) through extreme isolation. Since complete isolation can not be achieved, one has to expect a significant leakage rate of 1-2% per day for such tanks.
- pressure storage will be regarded as the most promising technology for gaseous fuels natural gas (CNG) and later hydrogen.
- cryogenic storage liquid hydrogen
- chemical storage requires additional energy for the decomposition of the hydride, which is often not available in the vehicle.
- adsorption storage An alternative is the adsorption storage. The gas is adsorbed in the pores of a nanoporous material. This increases the density of the gas within the pore. The desorption is also associated with a self-cooling effect which is advantageous for adsorptive cryostorage.
- MOFs metal-organic frameworks
- EP-O 727 608 describes the use of organometallic complexes for storing gaseous C 1 to C 4 hydrocarbons.
- the complexes disclosed there are difficult to synthesize.
- the storage capacity of the materials described is low, if not too low, for industrial applications.
- IRMOFs Isoreticular Metal-Organic Frameworks
- Zn 4 O clusters and a linear dicarboxylate linker such as Naphtalendicarboxylat (NDC).
- NDC Naphtalendicarboxylat
- the gas transport is hindered by the pressing - the pores are less accessible.
- the filling and emptying of the tank is slowed down.
- the material has no bimodal pore distribution of transport and storage pores, ie the MOFs have no transport pores (pore diameter of 0.1 to 2 microns).
- a kind of transport pores can only be adjusted by the Kompakt michsgrad on the cavities between the particles.
- Another disadvantage of MOFs is their chemical instability compared to other highly porous materials on a purely organic or purely inorganic basis. Many MOFs are sensitive to moisture; their networks dissolve more or less quickly in the presence of water, thus losing their storage capacity.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to develop a monolithic storage material which, with a high specific surface, eliminates the disadvantages of powdery materials and which can be installed in tanks in the form of blocks or cylinders.
- the present object is achieved by charring (carbonizing) a hybrid material consisting of a metal oxide or Halbmetalloxidgerüst, preferably silica, and a polymer, preferably a phenolic resin controlled.
- a hybrid material consisting of a metal oxide or Halbmetalloxidgerüst, preferably silica, and a polymer, preferably a phenolic resin controlled.
- the prerequisite for obtaining a stable monolith are two homogeneous, bicontinuous phases of oxide and polymer.
- the present invention thus provides a porous monolith obtainable from an inorganic-organic hybrid material by thermal treatment under non-oxidizing conditions.
- the porous monolith is also called “porous carbon monolith”.
- thermal treatment under non-oxidizing conditions is also referred to as "carbonization” in the context of the present invention.
- the degree of carbonation of the organic phase can be chosen freely and adapted to the requirements of the use. By appropriate choice of temperature, duration and atmosphere, one skilled in the art can determine the degree of carbonation.
- the carbonization is carried out under exclusion of air or inert gas (nitrogen or argon).
- the carbonization is preferably carried out at a temperature T ⁇ 890 ° C., more preferably at about 800 ° C.
- the duration of the carbonation is a few hours, preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably about 3 hours.
- carbon monolith denotes a monolith whose carbon mass fraction is at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, relative to the mass fraction of the oxidic or inorganic framework, The removal of the inorganic phase preferably takes place by dissolution.
- metal or semimetal oxide encompasses both metal oxides or semimetal oxides in the true sense and also oxides which additionally contain metal or semimetal hydroxides (mixed oxides / hydroxides).
- the metal or semimetal oxide framework is a framework of silica / hydroxide, titania / hydroxide, zirconia / hydroxide or hafnia / hydroxide.
- Highly porous in this context means that the micropore volume, determined according to Dubinin, is at least 10%.
- the cationic polymerization preferably "double ring" of certain metal or semimetal-spiro compounds such as 2,2 'spirobi [4H-1, 3,2-benzodioxasilyne] (abbreviated SPISI) to stable monolith with two such bicontinuous, homogeneous and nanostructured phases of silica and phenolic resin, which can be carbonized without loss of monolithic structure to form highly porous materials, whereby the transport pores required for gas transport in the monolith can be chosen corresponding starting compounds and / or the addition of structuring substances, such as surfactants, conveniently be formed directly during the polymerization.
- certain metal or semimetal-spiro compounds such as 2,2 'spirobi [4H-1, 3,2-benzodioxasilyne] (abbreviated SPISI)
- the metal or Halbmetalloxidgerüst can be dissolved out of the monolith, resulting in a stable Kohlenstoffmonolithen with very high micro pore content, which is particularly suitable for the storage of gases.
- the micropores have pore radii between 0.5 nm and 2 nm.
- the advantageous bicontinuous structure of inorganic and organic phase of the hybrid material is already achieved by using a single starting material from which both phases arise simultaneously.
- the phases separate during the polymerization without the precipitation of a reaction product. Rather, the separation takes place on a length scale in the nanometer range. Both phases, which form during the polymerization, penetrate completely and continuously. The formation of isolated domains can not be observed with correct reaction. Examples of such "twin condensation polymerization" (ie, formation of two polymers from a monomer) are already described in Angew.
- M is a metal or semimetal, preferably Si, Ti, Zr or Hf, more preferably Si or Ti
- Ai, A 2 , A 3 , A 4 are independently hydrogen or linear or branched, aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, aromatic hydrocarbon radicals or aromatic-aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals,
- B1 and B2 are, independently of one another, linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals which may contain heteroatoms, where between the groups B1 and B2 there are ring closures via one or more carbon atoms or heteroatoms.
- B1 and B2 are preferably linear hydrocarbon radicals, particularly preferably methyl or ethyl groups
- R 1 , R 2 are independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably methyl or H.
- the formation of a low molecular weight cleavage product during the reaction is bypassed.
- the resulting hybrid materials are characterized by a very homogeneous distribution of the two phases. The transparency of the resulting monoliths suggests that no domains of either phase are formed in the reaction.
- two or more than two of the radicals Ai to A 4 are linked to one another, in particular fused, ie linked to a common aromatic ring system.
- one or more hydrocarbons of the radicals Ai to A 4 are replaced independently of one another by heteroatoms, in particular by oxygen, sulfur and / or nitrogen. It is also preferred if Ai to A 4 independently contain one or more functional groups. Suitable functional groups are in particular the following groups: halogen, in particular bromine, chlorine or -CN and -NR 2 , wherein R is in particular hydrogen or is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, preferably H 1 is methyl, ethyl or phenyl.
- the radicals R 1 and R 2 are independently of one another hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Preferably, R 1 and R 2 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
- Ri and R 2 are more preferably H.
- at least one of the two radicals Ai and A 3 is particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.
- both Ai and A 3 is a hydrogen atom.
- most preferably Ai is to A 4 is H.
- a porous, still monolithic, material consisting of a metal or Halbmetalloxidgerüst and carbon.
- the oxide phase e.g., by means of aqueous HF solution
- the carbon in this case has a high number of micropores, which are particularly suitable for the storage of gases.
- systems with an additional continuous (third) phase can be produced. If one chooses the additives so that the additional (third) phase can be removed, for example, by dissolution, by depolymerization or in the carbonization, creates a continuous transport pore system, which is conducive to gas transport within the storage material.
- inert substances such as polyethylene glycol or polyTHF, reactive, also polymerizing Substances such as furfuryl alcohol and its derivatives, in particular its ethers and esters or additional monomers of the general formula II or III
- M is a metal or semimetal, preferably Si, Ti, Zr or Hf
- C1 to C4 independently of one another are groups formed from linear, branched and / or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons which may contain heteroatoms and of which at least one of the groups C1 to C4 is linked via oxygen to the central metal or semimetal atom.
- C1 to C4 are furfuryloxy groups or
- phase separation according to the invention can be influenced by structuring surfactants.
- This ionic and nonionic surfactants can be used.
- the selection of suitable ionic and nonionic surfactants can be used.
- Another object of the present invention is an inorganic-organic hybrid material (composite) obtainable by polymerization, preferably by twin ring-opening polymerization, one or more monomer units selected from the group of spiro compounds of general formula I, as indicated above, wherein Ai and A 3 is H means and / or compounds of general formula II, as indicated above, wherein Ai and A 3 is H.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of porous monoliths comprising the steps of: a) preparing a hybrid material by polymerizing one or more monomer units selected from the group of
- M, Ai, A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , Bi, B 2 , Ri and R 2 are those indicated above Have meanings where Ai and A 3 is hydrogen, wherein additionally structuring surfactants can be added,
- the polymerization is carried out in the presence of tetrafurfuryl orthosilicate.
- the resulting polyfurfuryl alcohol forms a continuous phase in the monolith.
- the polyfurfuryl alcohol partially depolymerizes to gaseous products.
- macropores which act as transport pores can be introduced into the later carbon monoliths.
- the polymerization is carried out in the presence of polyethylene glycol or poly-THF. These substances also form a continuous phase through phase separation during polymerization, through which transport pores can be introduced into the carbonated system.
- starting substances of the general formula II are used as comonomers.
- the siloxane compounds formed during the reaction can easily be dissolved out of the monolith before the carbonization and thus lead to the desired transport pores.
- the spiro compounds of the formula I are prepared by reacting a compound of the formula IV
- A1 to A4 are independently linear or branched, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals which may contain heteroatoms, wherein between two or more groups of A1 to A4 ring closures via one or more carbon or heteroatoms or two or more groups of A1 to A4 may consist of parts of the same aromatic system composed of one or more rings into which the existing benzene ring from which A1 to A4 may be incorporated, with at least one alkoxy and / or halogen compound of
- tetraalkyl orthosilicates or tetraalkyl titanates are preferably used as the alkyl compound. Particularly preferred are tetramethyl and tetraethyl orthosilicate and tetraisopropyl titanate.
- the present invention relates to a device for receiving and / or storing and / or dispensing at least one gas, containing the carbon monolith according to the invention, as well as a device for filtering gases.
- the device according to the invention may contain the following further components:
- a gas-tight pick-up mechanism capable of holding the gas under pressure within the container.
- the invention relates to the use of spiro compounds of the formula I and / or II for the preparation of carbon monoliths for gas storage.
- porous monoliths according to the invention are used as a gas storage material.
- the porous monolithic materials according to the invention are used for the storage of hydrogen. More preferably, they are used to store natural gas, preferably methane.
- the monomer prepared according to Example 1 is melted under argon at 80 ° C or dissolved in chloroform at 25 ° C.
- the initiator trifluoroacetic acid is added dropwise with stirring and the reaction mixture stirred for a further 3 h at the same temperature and then allowed to stand at 25 ° C.
- the formation of the SiO 2 phase and the phenolic resin is unequivocally confirmed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
- the composite monoliths are heated with air at 2K / min to 900 0 C and annealed at this temperature for 3 h.
- the composite monoliths are heated under argon at 2 K / min to 800 0 C and annealed at this temperature for 3 h.
- the resulting carbon / silica composite is left for 3 days in an aqueous HF solution (40%), then rinsed several times with distilled water and finally with methanol and dried at 120 0 C in a vacuum.
- the silica phase will dissolved out and obtained a nanoporous carbon monolith.
- the density is about 0.9 g / cm 3 .
- Fig. 1 shows the pore distribution according to Dubinin a nanoporous carbon monolith, produced from the novel phenolic resin / SiO 2 composite.
- the spec. Surface is 840 m 2 / g (Dubinin) or 810 m 2 / g (BET).
- the micropore volume is 0.297 cm 3 / g; Carbon phase (C: 90.9 m%)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007063297A DE102007063297A1 (de) | 2007-12-27 | 2007-12-27 | Poröse monolithische Materialien |
| PCT/EP2008/010168 WO2009083082A2 (de) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-01 | Poröse monolithische materialien |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2225023A2 true EP2225023A2 (de) | 2010-09-08 |
Family
ID=40481906
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08868989A Withdrawn EP2225023A2 (de) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-01 | Poröse monolithische materialien |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100294673A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2225023A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007063297A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009083082A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120007024A (ko) | 2009-04-03 | 2012-01-19 | 바스프 에스이 | 전기활성 물질, 및 그의 리튬-이온 전지용 애노드에서의 용도 |
| JP5631382B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-03 | 2014-11-26 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 複合材料の製造方法 |
| JP5602837B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-08 | 2014-10-08 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 粒子状ナノコンポジット材料を製造する方法 |
| CN103476837A (zh) * | 2011-01-19 | 2013-12-25 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 制备复合材料的方法 |
| US9099744B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2015-08-04 | Basf Se | Particulate porous carbon material and use thereof in lithium cells |
| WO2014009451A1 (de) | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositmaterialien |
| WO2014049103A1 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositmaterialien |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ314108A (en) | 1995-02-13 | 1997-12-19 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Biphenyl dicarboxylic acid copper complexes |
| US7250214B2 (en) * | 2001-08-09 | 2007-07-31 | Waters Investments Limited | Porous inorganic/organic hybrid monolith materials for chromatographic separations and process for their preparation |
| DE10213016B4 (de) * | 2002-03-22 | 2006-08-17 | Helsa-Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mechanisch stabiler, poröser Aktivkohleformkörper, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
| KR100489284B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-13 | 2005-05-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 향상된 기계적 강도를 가지는 나노 다공성 탄소의제조방법 및 그에 의하여 제조되는 나노 다공성 탄소 |
| EP2027078A1 (de) * | 2006-05-31 | 2009-02-25 | Merck Patent GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung poröser kohlenstoff-formkörper |
| DE102007063284A1 (de) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-02 | Basf Se | Spiroverbindungen |
-
2007
- 2007-12-27 DE DE102007063297A patent/DE102007063297A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-12-01 EP EP08868989A patent/EP2225023A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-01 US US12/810,798 patent/US20100294673A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-01 WO PCT/EP2008/010168 patent/WO2009083082A2/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009083082A3 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009083082A2 (de) | 2009-07-09 |
| US20100294673A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| WO2009083082A3 (de) | 2009-11-26 |
| DE102007063297A1 (de) | 2009-07-02 |
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