Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
  • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
  • H05B41/24—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high frequency ac, or with separate oscillator frequency
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
  • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
  • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
  • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
  • H05B41/36—Controlling
  • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
  • H05B41/382—Controlling the intensity of light during the transitional start-up phase
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

• the invention relates to a high-frequency lamp, hereinafter sometimes referred to briefly as an RF lamp, according to the preamble of claim 1. It further relates to a method for operating such a high-frequency lamp according to the preamble of claim. 9
• Incandescent lamps have inside the glass body a filament (eg tungsten) and a protective gas.
• the filament with a melting point of about 3000 0 C is heated to typically 2500 0 C. According to the Planck's radiation law does not result in a light spectrum corresponding to daylight for the incandescent lamp, but it shines distinctly yellowish-reddish.
• Incandescent lamps are operated with a DC or an AC voltage with frequencies up to the kHz range. You do not need ballast electronics.
• Gas discharge lamps related to the invention are light sources which use a gas discharge utilizing spontaneous emission by atomic or molecular electronic transitions and the recombination radiation of an electrical discharge generated plasma.
• the gas contained in the quartz glass bulb (ionization chamber) is often a mixture of metal vapors (eg mercury) and noble gases (eg argon) and possibly other gases as well as halogens.
• Gas discharge lamps are divided into the two classes of low and high pressure discharge lamps. The former uses a glow discharge and the latter uses an arc discharge. These lamps all require a ballast.
• the frequency is converted into the kHz range for continuous operation. Consequently, these lamps are not lamps which are operated by means of a high-frequency signal in the MHz or GHz range.
• Sulfur lamps have a similar luminous efficacy as energy-saving lamps (fluorescent lamps). They have a balanced luminous spectrum with about 5700 K to 6000 K color temperature and are thus very effective white light sources. By regulating the performance of the LEDs
• Magnetrons are well dimmable to sulfur lamps, their color spectrum remains stable. Due to the high luminous flux, the lamps are usually not installed directly at the place of use. Instead, the light is guided into the room with the help of light guides. This makes this lamp type easy to maintain.
• a disadvantage of these known gas discharge lamps is that the technology for these lamps is very expensive and therefore expensive. In addition, they are only available as a power lamp with about 1500 W. In addition, all previously known gas discharge lamps require a separate circuit for igniting the plasma. Voltages in the kV range are needed here.
• the hitherto known high-frequency lamps which manage without ignition circuit, has the disadvantage that they require a great deal of power (over 30 W microwave power).
• gas discharge lamps act as antennas. This has the serious disadvantage in practice that high-frequency radiation is emitted to a greater extent. Such lamps are not allowed due to this radiation.
• gas discharge lamps used as energy-saving lamps are not dimmable, which represents a very great disadvantage in practical use.
• a high-frequency lamp which satisfies the above-mentioned requirements. Disadvantages avoids or at least reduces their effects, in particular to provide a structure of a high-frequency lamp, which can be used both as high-pressure and low-pressure gas discharge lamp and is particularly suitable to improve properties such as efficiency, emission spectrum, costs and longevity. Another object of the invention is to provide a method of operating such a high frequency lamp.
• the at least one Gas-filled glass bulb comprises, at least one electrode is assigned, provided that the power amplifier, an impedance transformer is connected downstream, which is connected at its output to the or each electrode.
• the advantage of the invention consists firstly in the fact that a high-frequency oscillator can be used in the signal generation region of the high-frequency lamp, which can be changed via a voltage and is available as a low-cost module.
• the output of the high-frequency oscillator which is typically in the mW range, can be increased in the one to two-digit watt range by a power amplifier, which has both a high efficiency, as well as inexpensive.
• the use of an impedance transformer which is used to apply the highest possible voltage to the ionization chamber, saves the use of an ignition unit even at very low RF power. Furthermore, a significantly higher ionization rate and thus greater efficiency is achieved by the large permanently applied electric field strength.
• the impedance transformer Since the high-frequency power is permanently coupled with a high voltage by the impedance transformer, the ohmic losses at the electrode tips, which are made of poorly conductive materials, are lower, thereby increasing the efficiency. In addition, due to the operation in the high frequency range, a large number of circuit options are available as an impedance transformer so that it can also be achieved with low-cost components such as capacitors and coils.
• the construction of a high-frequency lamp with such a signal generating area is also advantageous in that no high frequency quenzabstrahlung outside the high frequency lamp takes place and it is therefore eligible.
• the electrode associated with the ionization chamber different materials can be used and molds can be used, which can improve both efficiency and field of application.
• the signal generating area additionally comprises a coupler connected downstream of the power amplifier, in particular between power amplifier and impedance transformer, a high-frequency detector and a processing unit, wherein a high-frequency signal reflected at the electrode during operation of the high-frequency lamp can be fed to the high-frequency detector via the coupler and wherein a control or actuating signal which can be generated by the processing unit on the basis of an output signal of the high-frequency detector can be fed to the high-frequency oscillator for optimizing the high-frequency signal on the basis of the reflected signal.
• the reflection optimized high-frequency signal whose optimization is possible, for example after ignition of the high-frequency lamp to then possible reduction in the frequency of the high-frequency signal. Additionally or alternatively, a control of the high-frequency oscillator is possible based on the reflected high-frequency signal.
• the high-frequency lamp is configured such that the high-frequency oscillator is followed by a signal divider with a first and second signal divider output and the power amplifier is connected to the first signal divider output, wherein the second signal divider output means for phase shifting - hereinafter also referred to as "phase shifter" and z. B. realized in the form of a 180 ° long line -, a second power amplifier, a second impedance transformer and a second electrode are connected in series, can be applied with a high-frequency oscillator, the ionization chamber with an opposite phase signal.
• This embodiment will be referred to below to distinguish from the embodiment described above with only one power amplifier, an impedance transformer and an electrode as a symmetrical structure.
• the impedance transformer or, in the case of a high-frequency lamp with a symmetrical construction, the impedance transformer and / or the second impedance transformer comprises a single-stage or multi-stage transformer-effective section, the advantage of the single-stage transformation being above all its compactness and robustness, while with a multi-stage transformation, an improvement in the efficiency of the impedance transformer can be achieved.
• the or each electrode is dielectric, ie made of a dielectric material, in particular formed by a metal core surrounded by a dielectric sheath, excellent efficiencies and highest color temperatures can be achieved.
• the or each electrode is loop-shaped, the occurrence of unwanted cavity modes can be avoided, which again applies to the high-frequency lamp with a symmetrical structure.
• the glass bulb is filled with a mixture of at least two gases, in particular exactly three gases, with different emission spectra, different colors can be ionized by suitably changing the frequency of the high-frequency signal.
• the high-frequency signal comprises a frequency spectrum which is suitable for ionizing more than one gas, a color mixture results correspondingly for the perceived, emitted light.
• two, three or more colors can be directly ionized by a narrow-band high-frequency signal, while with appropriately selected wide-band high-frequency signals, an ionization of several colors and their superimposition, a generation of mixed colors is possible.
• This embodiment of the high frequency lamp is suitable for lighting effects, such as self-luminous advertising materials, or for display instruments.
• the ionization chamber comprises at least two glass flasks, in particular three glass flasks, which are each filled individually with a gas having different emission spectra and wherein each glass flask has an electrode for supplying a high-frequency signal assigned.
• each glass bulb in ionization of the gas contained therein each characteristic emission spectrum. Put simply, each glass bulb radiates exactly one color.
• the electrode assigned to the respective glass bulb it is thus possible for the high-frequency lamp as a whole to emit a first or second (or third and possibly further) color (s) or the color mixture possible when simultaneously emitting a plurality of colors.
• This embodiment of the high-frequency lamp is also considered for the generation of light effects.
• a plurality of such high-frequency lamps arranged in rows and columns can be combined to form a display device, that is to say a monitor, a television and the like.
• the invention also relates to a method suitable for operating such a display device, in which each high-frequency lamp included is operated such that either at least two high frequency signals are generated by the high frequency oscillator and the at least one electrode supplied or generated by the high frequency oscillator at least two high frequency signals and each high frequency signal accurately one of the at least two electrodes is supplied.
• any visible image which can be generated by the display device can be individually controlled by exactly one pixel, a "pixel", corresponding high-frequency lamp and achieve a desired color emission, a desired color value, for the respective pixel / pixel.
• embodiments of the method for operating the respective representational developments of the high-frequency lamp are also provided.
• the high-frequency detector detects the high-frequency signal reflected at the electrode when the high-frequency lamp is ignited and relayed via the coupler, and in that the processing unit optimizes the control signal for optimizing the high-frequency signal on the basis of the output signal of the high-frequency detector, in particular varies by a given positive or negative value.
• At least two high-frequency signals are generated by the high-frequency oscillator and supplied to the at least one electrode or that at least two high-frequency signals are generated by the high-frequency oscillator and each high frequency signal is fed to precisely one of the at least two electrodes.
• FIG. 5 shows a lamp head with a three-stage impedance transformation, that is to say with a multistage transformer-effective section
• FIG. 6 shows an EorMode in a circular waveguide (dashed E-field, H-solid drawn through),
• FIG. 9 shows a coupling of a dielectric electrode for the excitation of the EorModes
• FIG. 10 shows a schematically simplified illustration of a high-frequency lamp over a mass plate for a point light generation with symmetrical activation from one side.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically simplified the structure of an embodiment of a generally designated 10 high-frequency lamp according to the
• This comprises a signal generating section 12 for generating a high-frequency signal 14 and an ionization chamber 16 connected downstream of the signal generating section.
• the signal generating section 12 in turn comprises a high-frequency oscillator 18 and at its output a power amplifier 20 for boosting a power of the high-frequency signal 14.
• the ionization chamber 16 in turn comprises at least one gas-filled glass bulb 22 (gas 24, possibly supplemented by metal vapors and / or halogens), which is associated with at least one almost arbitrarily configurable electrode 28.
• the power amplifier 20 has a Impedance transformer 26 is connected at its output to the or each electrode 28 is connected.
• An outer shield of the signal generating circuit forms a mass 30, with which the electrode 28, which leads the RF signal 14 as the feedthrough electrode into the interior of the ionization chamber 16, capacitively coupled.
• a high-frequency lamp 10 based on a relatively narrow-band high-frequency signal 14 (in the three-digit MHz and total GHz range), which is converted by means of the impedance transformer 26 in a high voltage range, and a wide almost arbitrarily configurable Arc region that does not reach 30 to the mass, as it is on an inner surface of the glass bulb 22, eg a quartz glass used for its production ends, possible.
• the intended impedance transformer 26 also saves the use of a previously required for high-frequency lamp 10 ignition unit even with very small RF power. Furthermore, a significantly higher ionization rate and thus greater efficiency is achieved by the large permanently applied electric field strength. Because high frequency power is permanently coupled in with a high voltage, the ohmic losses at the tips of the or each electrode 28, which have poorly conductive materials, are lower, which in turn increases efficiency.
• a simple embodiment of an impedance transformer 26 includes a coil and a capacitor. When using 0402 SMD components, space is less than 2mm 2 and costs less than 4 cents.
• the voltage can be reduced to single-digit kV values in the lower range, depending on the desired arc length. This reduction of the maximum stress allows implementation with significantly less expensive materials and components.
• the electrode 28 now radiates the energy over several paths or a large area.
• the energy output from the electrode 28 is no longer as a stream, but as an electromagnetic field.
• the electrode 28 is no longer loaded by the current flow.
• the high frequency lamp 10 can thus be used over a longer life.
• Short lines can be realized almost lossless in the lower GHz range.
• the signal acting as HF-Vorschaltmaschine signal Generation range 12 which is preferably integrated in one foot of the high-frequency lamp (lamp base), also given the potential for a very good efficiency and thus a highly integrated feasibility.
• an ionized gas has the same number of electrons and ions, then it is a gas that is space-charge-free and called plasma.
• Plasma frequency: wp e (N e 2 / m / e 0 ) (3) with the quantities:
• N number of electrons per volume
• e charge of an electron
• m mass of an electron
• eo electric field constant
• u frequency of the collisions of the electrons with the gas molecules
• w frequency of the high frequency signal.
• Equation (2) shows that the (small) resistance and thus the losses increase with increasing frequency. Consequently, at higher frequencies, the gases can be heated better.
• the signal generation in the high frequency lamp 10 will be described.
• the ionization chamber 16 acts as a small capacity with high resistance parallel resistor.
• the capacity increases and the parallel resistance decreases. Consequently, after ignition, the resonance frequency f r changes .
• the signal generation that is to say the functionality of the signal generation region 12, after ignition of the high-frequency lamp 10 is capable of producing a fast one-time frequency jump of f M to perform after f r2 . It is important that the output resistance Z from the signal generation 12 corresponds to the input resistance Z e ⁇ n of the ionization chamber 16 after ignition or is conjugate complex adapted.
• the electromagnetic fields and the input resistance Z e ⁇ n can be calculated before the time of ignition of the lamp.
• simulators do not take into account high-frequency ionization and ignition. If the changing input resistance Z e ⁇ n be determined after ignition, so this is possible via a so-called hot scattering parameter measurement. This is known from the measurement of the electrical properties of power transistors.
• the o.g. Frequency hopping can be achieved either with a voltage varying oscillator 18, e.g. in one embodiment as a so-called VCO (voltage controlled oscillator), or implement a fast electronic switching between two fixed oscillators. Since VCOs in the lower GHz range are available at very low cost as modules, they may be preferred.
• the high-frequency oscillator 18 is shown as a switchable high-frequency oscillator 18. This is supplied with a control signal 32.
• the high-frequency signal 14, ie the output signal of the oscillator 18, which is typically in the mW range, is raised by means of the power amplifier 20 in the one to two-digit W range.
• Highly integrated electronic power amplifiers 20 in the lower single-digit GHz range have efficiencies of well over 60% and are extremely inexpensive and thus predestined.
• an impedance transformation is carried out by means of the impedance transformer 26. performed.
• An inexpensive circuit consists of capacitors and coils (multistage gamma transformer) and can be read in "Hochfrequenztechnik" by H. Heuermann, Vieweg-Verlag.
• the impedance transformer 26 may be implemented in one or more stages.
• the circuit comprised by the impedance transformer 26 should also include an adaptation of the electrode 28 of the ionization chamber 16.
• the output impedance Z out should preferably be in the two-digit ⁇ range or in the single-digit k ⁇ range or higher.
• a voltage at the electrode 28 in the ionization chamber 16 is calculated directly from the output power of the amplifier 20 P out and
• an operating point should be chosen so that it lies clearly above the plasma frequency wp.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that as little high-frequency power as possible is reflected.
• a circuit is particularly suitable as shown schematically simplified in FIG 2.
• the circuit comprised by the signal generating section 12 is activated by the control signal 32 (see also FIG.
• a processing unit 34 in the manner of a micro-processor sets the high-frequency oscillator 18 to a frequency f r1 for the ignition operation.
• a control signal generated by the processing unit 34 or generated by the processing unit 34 is also designated as a control signal 35 to distinguish it from the control signal 32.
• the generated high-frequency signal 14 is set high in the power via the amplifier 20, passes through a low-loss coupler 36 and passes via the impedance transformer 26 to the electrode 28 of the ionization chamber 16, which holds a gas mixture 24 enclosed by the quartz glass jacket of the glass bulb 22. If the high-frequency lamp 10 ignites, a significantly greater RF power is reflected at the electrode 28. This passes to the coupler 36 and is attenuated via this supplied to a high-frequency detector 38. A thereby changed output signal of the high-frequency detector 38 is received by the processing unit 34, which causes by setting the high-frequency oscillator 18 to the frequency f r2 a frequency jump for the Leuchtbe- operation.
• the processing unit 34 varies the frequency of the high-frequency signal 14 by the frequency f r2 by a small positive and a small negative value f r ⁇ and outputs a corresponding actuating signal 35.
• the reflected powers are measured for three frequency points f r2 -f r ⁇ , fe, fe + fr ⁇ . The value with the lowest reflected power is then the new output value. This rule is repeated throughout. This ensures that as much HF power as possible is always fed into the ionization chamber 16 and converted as little as possible into heat losses.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
• Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)

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• 2007
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