EP2213971A1 - Procédé de fusion de matière utilisée dans un four à coupole - Google Patents

Procédé de fusion de matière utilisée dans un four à coupole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2213971A1
EP2213971A1 EP09003981A EP09003981A EP2213971A1 EP 2213971 A1 EP2213971 A1 EP 2213971A1 EP 09003981 A EP09003981 A EP 09003981A EP 09003981 A EP09003981 A EP 09003981A EP 2213971 A1 EP2213971 A1 EP 2213971A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft furnace
oxygen
injection gas
wind
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09003981A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2213971B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Niehoff
Peter Kokas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
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Publication date
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Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to PL09003981T priority Critical patent/PL2213971T3/pl
Publication of EP2213971A1 publication Critical patent/EP2213971A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2213971B1 publication Critical patent/EP2213971B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola, for melting feedstock, wherein the shaft furnace is heated by combustion of a solid fuel and wherein in the shaft furnace, an injection gas is injected, which has an oxygen content of more than 21%. Furthermore, the invention relates to a shaft furnace, in particular cupola, for melting a feedstock, wherein a feed line for an oxygen-containing injection gas is provided, at the downstream end of a drive nozzle is connected, wherein a Injektorwind ein opens into the supply line for the injection gas or in the drive nozzle ,
  • a set of iron which usually consists of pig iron, cast iron, steel scrap and other ferro alloys, is melted.
  • Foundry coke is generally used as fuel in the cupola furnace, which is burned by reaction with oxygen, thereby releasing the amount of energy necessary to melt the iron charge.
  • the coke was burned with air as the oxidant. Meanwhile, however, the use of oxygen-enriched air during melting in the cupola furnace to the technical standard. The advantage over the use of air is that higher combustion temperatures can be generated and the melting process is faster.
  • the coke serves as a fuel on the one hand, and on the other to carburize the liquid iron. If the oxygen injection described above is used, the coke in the cupola is burned faster by the additional oxygen. The in this way reduced amount of coke has a negative effect on the carburization of the liquid iron.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to show an improved method for operating a shaft furnace of the type mentioned and a corresponding shaft furnace.
  • This object is achieved by a method for operating a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola, for melting feedstock, wherein the shaft furnace is heated by combustion of a solid fuel and wherein in the shaft furnace, an injection gas is injected, which has an oxygen content of more than 21% , and wherein the method is characterized in that the shaft furnace is heated by means of at least one burner, wherein the burner, a gaseous or liquid fuel and a gaseous oxidant, which has an oxygen content of more than 21%, are supplied.
  • the shaft furnace according to the invention in particular cupola, for melting a feedstock, has a supply line for an oxygen-containing injection gas, at the downstream end of which a motive nozzle is connected, wherein a Injektorwindtechnisch opens into the supply line for the oxygen-containing gas or in the motive nozzle, and wherein the shaft furnace at least a burner, which is provided with a supply line for a gaseous oxidizing agent and a supply line for a liquid or gaseous fuel.
  • shaft furnace is understood in particular to mean a cupola furnace, in particular a cupola furnace for melting gray cast iron and ductile iron.
  • shaft furnace systems for melting other metallic inserts, such as copper or aluminum, or for melting non-metallic materials, for example for the production of mineral wool can be operated according to the invention.
  • feedstock is intended to include metal-containing and non-metallic charges that are fed to a shaft furnace for melting.
  • this includes in particular the so-called iron or cold set, consisting of pig iron, cast iron fracture, Stahischrott and / or other iron-containing aggregates.
  • iron or cold set consisting of pig iron, cast iron fracture, Stahischrott and / or other iron-containing aggregates.
  • copper or aluminum-containing or non-metallic batches are conceivable as an insert.
  • wind residual wind
  • injector wind are understood to mean the oxygen-containing gas streams supplied to the shaft furnace, in particular air streams supplied under elevated pressure.
  • injection gas refers to an oxygen-containing gas stream which is introduced into the shaft furnace via a lance, a pipe, a motive nozzle or the like.
  • the injection gas without reactants is fed to the shaft furnace.
  • the injection gas reacts first with the solid and liquid substances in the shaft furnace and with the atmosphere in the shaft furnace.
  • oxygen burner hereinafter refers to a burner which is operated with a liquid or gaseous fuel and an oxygen-containing gas which has an oxygen concentration of more than 21%.
  • oxygen-containing gas which has an oxygen concentration of more than 21%.
  • pure oxygen or technically pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is used as the oxidizing agent.
  • the technology of oxygen injection in the cupola described above has been further developed such that oxygen torches are additionally used for melting.
  • oxygen burners in cupolas is already known per se.
  • DE 1 583 213 OS describes the use of oxygen-fuel burners in shaft furnaces.
  • inventive combination of the two known per se techniques shows surprising advantages.
  • the two technologies of oxygen injection and heating are combined with burners in a shaft furnace, whereby the respective disadvantages are largely avoided and a significant improvement of the melting process is achieved.
  • the pure oxygen injection the Danger of too rapid coke burn, in the use of oxygen burners, however, the combustion gases, especially water vapor and carbon dioxide, as well as unburned fuel gas can cause an undesirable cooling effect in the shaft furnace.
  • the inventive use of both technologies avoids these disadvantages and allows greater flexibility in the process.
  • the melting process in the shaft furnace can be controlled by the amount of coke, the quantities of liquid or gaseous fuel and the amount of oxygen-containing injection gas supplied.
  • the stoichiometry in the shaft furnace can be controlled, that is, for example, a reducing or neutral atmosphere can be set.
  • this risk is counteracted by controlling the melting performance not only via the oxygen injection, but in particular also via the burner output.
  • the coke combustion and thus the carburizing of the molten iron in the shaft furnace can be optimized.
  • the additional oxygen influences secondary reactions in the shaft furnace, for example endothermic reactions of excess fuel with constituents of the furnace atmosphere.
  • the energy necessary for melting the feed material is no longer supplied only via the coke, but additionally via the burners. In this way, the melting performance can be optimized and / or the amount of coke can be reduced.
  • the injection gas is injected into the shaft furnace at a relatively "cold” location.
  • the temperature in the shaft furnace depends on the height, ie at different altitudes different temperatures prevail.
  • a "cold spot” is accordingly a location in the shaft furnace where the temperature is lower than the average temperature at that furnace height.
  • the burners are preferably directed to "hot" furnace areas where the temperature is higher than the average temperature at that furnace or shaft height.
  • the burner and the supply lines for injection gas in the shaft furnace are arranged so that the furnace undergoes over its entire circumference as uniform as possible thermal stress.
  • the amount and / or the flow rate of the injection gas and / or the injector wind and / or the power of the burners are advantageous depending on the temperature and / or the CO content of the top gas, i. the combustion gases, the shaft furnace regulated. Different coke qualities and different compositions of the melted insert introduced into the shaft furnace affect the composition of the blast furnace gas. By analyzing the CO content and / or the blast furnace temperature conclusions about the combustion process and the melting process can be drawn.
  • the melting process can always be adapted to the desired objective.
  • Other parameters that can be used to control the injection gas and / or the burner or burners (s) are the melting capacity, the furnace pressure and the exhaust gas analysis.
  • the control of the shaft furnace is advantageously carried out in response to one or more of the following parameters: temperature, composition or analysis of the gaseous or effluent gas, melt parameters such as melting temperature, furnace specific data, composition or analysis of the slag withdrawn from the shaft furnace.
  • Previously recorded operating data can be used to determine the burner output and the oxygen supply to the furnace, depending on the optimally set current operating parameters and to achieve a process management according to the technological requirements. Performance deviations can be detected and assigned quickly.
  • the kiln mode can be adjusted historically in a self-correcting database. Quality influences on, for example, different coke inserts are recognized immediately.
  • a controlled amount of oxygen is supplied to the shaft furnace for converting the solid fuel, for example coke. This is done by feeding the injection gas or gas mixture into the shaft furnace in a defined amount and / or at a defined flow rate.
  • the oxygen-containing injection gas is accelerated in a motive nozzle and an injector wind is sucked by means of the resulting during the acceleration of the injected gas negative pressure and combined with the injection gas to a motive nozzle stream and passed into the shaft furnace.
  • the injection gas is conducted into the shaft furnace at high speed and can be blown far into the interior of the shaft furnace and thus specifically influence the conversion of the coke.
  • Additional oxygen is supplied to the shaft furnace via the injector wind.
  • the injection gas flows out of the drive nozzle or nozzles at high speed and thereby generates a negative pressure, which according to the invention is used to suck in the injector wind.
  • the sucked amount of injector wind depends on the one hand on the amount and flow rate of the injection gas, on the other hand, but also be regulated separately.
  • the mixture of accelerated injection gas and aspirated injector wind forms a motive nozzle stream that provides oxygen to the combustion process in the shaft furnace.
  • the shaft furnace further oxygen is supplied in the form of residual wind. As a rule, pressurized air is available as residual wind.
  • the injector wind and the residual wind come from the same source.
  • a wind pipe, a wind ring or a wind device which a certain amount of hot air, that is under elevated pressure hot air leads.
  • the Injektorwind Arthur, on the other hand, the residual wind line connected.
  • the total available hot blast amount is divided accordingly into a proportion which is sucked in by the injector from the oxygen-containing gas gas, and in a residual residual wind which is fed to the shaft furnace via the residual draft line.
  • the shaft furnace may be provided with a first wind line from which the injector wind is withdrawn and with a second wind line from which the residual wind is taken.
  • this design is technically more complex to implement than the above-described embodiment with a common wind line for residual wind and injector wind.
  • by separate wind lines or wind devices for injector wind and residual wind their pressure and temperature conditions can be set independently, creating additional degrees of freedom to control the combustion process in the shaft furnace.
  • air sucked in directly from the environment can be used as the injector wind. It is also possible to suck in other gases or substances with the injection gas and to supply the combustion in the shaft furnace.
  • an injection gas having an oxygen content of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, particularly preferably more than 99% is used.
  • oxygen enriched air can be used as injection gas.
  • the injection gas is preferably injected at high speed, for example, 100 to 280 m / s in the shaft furnace.
  • the supply line for the injection gas is preferably connected to a supply device, for example a tank, for technically pure oxygen.
  • the technically pure oxygen can be added via the Injektorwind founded a defined amount of air so as to adjust the oxygen content in the resulting mixture of oxygen and air.
  • This mixture is accelerated in the motive nozzle, preferably a Laval nozzle, and introduced into the shaft furnace as a motive nozzle stream.
  • the oxygen content of the motive jet stream resulting from the combination of injection gas and injector wind is particularly preferably chosen to be between 25% and 65%.
  • About the oxygen content of the motive jet current is another parameter available, via which the combustion of the fossil fuel can be controlled. For example, by increasing the oxygen content, the combustion can be intensified, that is, the temperature of the combustion gases is increased and more fossil fuel is burned per unit time.
  • coke is used as a solid fuel.
  • the quality of the coke varies in practice very strong, which it is regularly necessary to follow up and adjust the combustion parameters in order to achieve optimum conversion of the coke and thus an optimal melting process.
  • fluctuations in the coke quality can be easily compensated.
  • the burners are preferably operated with oxygen having a purity of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, particularly preferably more than 99%, as oxidizing agent.
  • the performance of the burners can be varied according to the process conditions.
  • the burner output is adjusted to be between 10% and 50% of the total energy supplied to the shaft furnace.
  • a plurality, preferably four to ten, uniformly distributed around the circumference of the shaft furnace tuyeres are provided in the shaft furnace, which alternately with a burner or a Lance or nozzle for supplying the injection gas are provided.
  • the term "wind nozzles" here are understood openings in the walls of the shaft furnace, which usually serve to introduce wind or air into the melting chamber, but according to the invention can also be equipped with burners.
  • the nozzles for the injection gas are designed as driving nozzles, in which, as explained above, accelerates the injection gas and an injector wind is sucked by means of the resulting during the acceleration of the injection gas negative pressure.
  • the combination of oxygen injection and burners according to the invention in a cupola furnace has numerous advantages in comparison to the previously used methods.
  • the combustion of solid fossil fuel is significantly improved and less fuel is needed.
  • the emissions or immissions are substantially reduced.
  • Quality variations of the fuel, in particular different coke qualities, can be taken into account.
  • the combustion of the solid fuel can be better controlled and thus set the stoichiometry defined in the shaft furnace.
  • the invention makes it possible to specifically intervene in the melting process of shaft furnaces and cupola systems.
  • the efficiencies and environmental results are significantly improved.
  • the combination of oxygen injection and oxygen burners according to the invention makes it possible to supply more oxygen to the shaft furnace and at the same time to use less coke.
  • the figure shows a cross section through a cupola 1 for melting iron.
  • a plurality of wind nozzles 2 are distributed around the circumference of the cupola 1.
  • the tuyeres 2 are alternately equipped with an oxygen friction nozzle 3 and an oxygen burner 4.
  • Technically pure oxygen having a purity of more than 95% is injected into the cupola furnace 1 via the oxygen friction nozzles 3.
  • the driving nozzles 3 are connected to the wind ring, not shown in the figure, from which sucked when injecting the oxygen into the furnace 1 air or wind and is also blown into the cupola 1.
  • the oxygen burners 4 are operated with a fuel gas, preferably natural gas, and oxygen with a purity of more than 95%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP09003981.9A 2009-01-29 2009-03-19 Procédé de fusion de matière utilisée dans un four à coupole Not-in-force EP2213971B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09003981T PL2213971T3 (pl) 2009-01-29 2009-03-19 Sposób wytapiania materiału wsadowego w żeliwiaku

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009006573A DE102009006573A1 (de) 2009-01-29 2009-01-29 Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Einsatzmaterial in einem Kupolofen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2213971A1 true EP2213971A1 (fr) 2010-08-04
EP2213971B1 EP2213971B1 (fr) 2014-12-03

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ID=40628415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09003981.9A Not-in-force EP2213971B1 (fr) 2009-01-29 2009-03-19 Procédé de fusion de matière utilisée dans un four à coupole

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US8071013B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2213971B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009006573A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2530864T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2213971T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011107326A1 (de) 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Schachtofen und Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben
US9797023B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2017-10-24 Grede Llc Shaft furnace and method of operating same
RU2755239C1 (ru) 2021-03-02 2021-09-14 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭР ЛИКИД" Топливно-кислородная горелка для плавильной печи, система и способ управления розжигом и контролем пламени такой горелки

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1583213A1 (de) 1966-12-16 1970-07-30 Air Reduction Sauerstoff-Brennstoff -Brenner in Ofenduesen
US5346183A (en) * 1992-01-31 1994-09-13 The Boc Group Plc Fumeless cupolas
EP0762068A1 (fr) 1995-08-28 1997-03-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour l'opération d'un four à cuve métallurgique utilisant l'oxygène comme comburant, et four à cuve pour la réalisation dudit procédé
EP0793071A2 (fr) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 The BOC Group plc Combustion contrÔlée des gaz d'échappement d'un four
EP1325950A2 (fr) * 2002-01-04 2003-07-09 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG Réacteur en lit descendant à co-courant
EP1997915A1 (fr) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de transformation commandé de coke en cubilots

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE386660B (sv) * 1973-06-18 1976-08-16 Rockwool Ab Forfarande for smeltning i schaktugn samt schaktugn for utovande av forfarandet
DE3565691D1 (en) * 1984-06-29 1988-11-24 Daido Steel Co Ltd Reactor iron making

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1583213A1 (de) 1966-12-16 1970-07-30 Air Reduction Sauerstoff-Brennstoff -Brenner in Ofenduesen
US5346183A (en) * 1992-01-31 1994-09-13 The Boc Group Plc Fumeless cupolas
EP0762068A1 (fr) 1995-08-28 1997-03-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour l'opération d'un four à cuve métallurgique utilisant l'oxygène comme comburant, et four à cuve pour la réalisation dudit procédé
EP0793071A2 (fr) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 The BOC Group plc Combustion contrÔlée des gaz d'échappement d'un four
EP1325950A2 (fr) * 2002-01-04 2003-07-09 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG Réacteur en lit descendant à co-courant
EP1997915A1 (fr) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de transformation commandé de coke en cubilots

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100186552A1 (en) 2010-07-29
DE102009006573A1 (de) 2010-08-05
EP2213971B1 (fr) 2014-12-03
US8071013B2 (en) 2011-12-06
PL2213971T3 (pl) 2015-04-30
ES2530864T3 (es) 2015-03-06

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