EP1325950A2 - Réacteur en lit descendant à co-courant - Google Patents

Réacteur en lit descendant à co-courant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1325950A2
EP1325950A2 EP02028816A EP02028816A EP1325950A2 EP 1325950 A2 EP1325950 A2 EP 1325950A2 EP 02028816 A EP02028816 A EP 02028816A EP 02028816 A EP02028816 A EP 02028816A EP 1325950 A2 EP1325950 A2 EP 1325950A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
shaft
gas discharge
discharge lines
reactor according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02028816A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1325950A3 (fr
EP1325950B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Möser
Manfred Schulz
Thomas Flick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMILE BETEILIGUNGS GMBH
Original Assignee
Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG filed Critical Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG
Publication of EP1325950A2 publication Critical patent/EP1325950A2/fr
Publication of EP1325950A3 publication Critical patent/EP1325950A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1325950B1 publication Critical patent/EP1325950B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/02—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
    • F27B1/025—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey with fore-hearth
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • C21B13/023—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F27B3/205—Burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B3/225—Oxygen blowing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0043—Floors, hearths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/001—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
    • F27D3/0032—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state using an air-lock
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0989—Hydrocarbons as additives to gasifying agents to improve caloric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/18—Waste feed arrangements using airlock systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
    • F23G2900/7004—Incinerating contaminated animal meals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/21—Arrangements of devices for discharging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • F27D2099/0051—Burning waste as a fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a DC shaft reactor for Melting and gasifying feedstocks of different types and Consistency, such as pollutant-free and / or contaminated woods, house and Bulky waste, alternative fuels, pelletized dusts or animal meal, plastics, Industrial and commercial waste.
  • feedstocks of different types and Consistency such as pollutant-free and / or contaminated woods, house and Bulky waste, alternative fuels, pelletized dusts or animal meal, plastics, Industrial and commercial waste.
  • a synthesis gas which is used to generate electrical energy and heat is suitable and / or as a basis for Synthesis processes are used.
  • a solid product creates a non-leachable slag or an ash and a material further processable metal phase or a non-elutable liquid phase, which is available for further processing.
  • DE 100 07 115 A1 describes a reactor for gasifying and / or melting Feedstocks with a feed, pyrolysis, melting and superheating section described.
  • the pyrolysis section has a cross-sectional expansion Gas supply space in which at least one combustion chamber with at least one Brenner opens, through which hot combustion gases form a Bulk cones are fed.
  • high-energy media by means of upper and lower injection agents in the area of melting and Overheating zone and above the melt using oxygen lances and / or nozzles introduced.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a DC shaft reactor at which is influenced by the temperature ranges in the shaft body Gas removal is as low as possible.
  • the inventive DC shaft reactor for melting and Gasification of feedstock has a vertical shaft body in which feed is fed through a lock arrangement. Within the The insert material is dried, heated and gasified in the shaft body.
  • the shaft body can thus usually be divided into the dry zone, Divide the degassing zone and the gasification zone. Closes on the shaft body a receiving body, which is used to hold molten material Feed serves. Inside this body is the melting zone of the reactor educated.
  • the shaft body and / or the receiving body are with a Gas discharge device for discharging the generated inside the reactor Useful gases connected.
  • the gas discharge device is in the area arranged between the shaft body and the receiving body.
  • the gas discharge device has several with the shaft body and / or the Receiving body connected gas discharge lines.
  • the gas discharge lines become a common one Gas line merged.
  • the merger into a common one The gas line is preferably carried out via a flow line Cross-sectional expansion of a ring line towards the gas outlet. This results in changes as the gas quantities are brought together same gas speeds and therefore the same pressure losses.
  • the useful gas is suctioned off in the same way for each gas discharge line, so that it settles in the reactor forms a uniform pressure profile and avoids preferred flow channels become.
  • An asymmetrical reaction and temperature profile in one horizontal plane of the reactor is thus avoided, so that Influence of the temperature ranges in the shaft body through the gas discharge is low.
  • the discharged gas becomes his through the common gas line fed further use.
  • the uniform pressure profile is achieved in particular by the gas discharge lines are arranged regularly and initially via a ring line be brought together. This creates a Equalization of gas velocities and the risk that the Moving temperature zones in the direction of the gas discharge lines will continue reduced.
  • the gas discharge lines are at the top, in particular, carried out vertically upwards. Because of the local reduced flow rate and the fact that the useful gas opposes gravity flows, particles entrained in the flow be separated. Furthermore, by sharing the gas line between two Gas discharge lines are connected to the upper part of the ring line Gas flow of each gas discharge line is redirected at least twice, whereby also solid particles in the ring line are separated. The bottom of the Ring line is preferred between the mouths of the discharge lines not just, but especially funnel-shaped. So get there separated particles back through the discharge pipes into the receiving body. The Formation of possibly sinterable or melting dust deposits are avoided.
  • the flow velocities are in the individual Drainage lines lower. As a result, even within the Feed material generated by the suction of the gas lower flows and thus the temperature zones are not or only slightly shifted become. Due to the lower flow rate, the amount is entrained particles less.
  • the Manhole body and / or the receiving body preferably a gas collecting space on. With the gas collection room are the gas discharge lines connected. A calming of the gas takes place within the gas collecting room instead, in particular heavy particles settling out. In connection with the provision of several gas discharge lines and one according to the invention This can reduce the flow velocity and the particle load in the discharged gas can be significantly reduced.
  • the gas collecting space preferably at least surrounds the shaft body partially.
  • the gas collecting body is annular and completely surrounds the shaft body. This ensures even removal guaranteed by gas from the feed. It is particularly preferred here that the gas plenum is arranged in the area of the gasification zone is or surrounds the gasification zone.
  • a cooling device for example in the form of a double-walled shaft wall.
  • this cooling device results in a first cooling of the in the gas collection chamber.
  • sufficiently long gas discharge lines preferably indirect cooling is provided.
  • the design of the walls of the Discharge lines are, for example, double-walled with water cooling.
  • the DC shaft reactor has a shaft body 10.
  • the shaft body 10 can be converted into a Lock arrangement 12, one adjoining the lock arrangement 12 Drying zone 14, a subsequent to the drying zone 14 Degassing zone 16 and a gasification zone 18 adjoining it be divided.
  • the gasification zone 18 of the shaft body 10 adjoins a receiving body 20 to receive molten Feed material 22 is used.
  • the cross section of the receiving body is expanded, so that an annular gas collecting space 24 is formed, which surrounds the lower part of the gasification zone 18.
  • the gas collection chamber 24 is with a gas discharge device 26 for removing useful gases from the gas collection space 24 connected.
  • the feed material is fed into the shaft body 10 through a feed opening 28 introduced over the lock assembly 12. Feeding the feed takes place via the lock arrangement in order to introduce large quantities Ambient air through which the melting and gasification process is uncontrolled can be influenced to prevent.
  • the lock arrangement points to this two lock devices or lock gates 30, 32 between which the Lock chamber 34 is formed, wherein the lock chamber 34 is already a Is part of the shaft body 10.
  • the feed material then passes through the lock arrangement 12 into the Drying zone 14. Is in the drying zone 14 and the subsequent zones 16, 18 the shaft body 10 almost completely with during operation Feed material filled.
  • a gas supply device 36 is provided in the shaft body 10.
  • the gas supply device 36 has a ring line surrounding the shaft body 10 38, which are connected to a plurality of nozzles 40 which are evenly distributed around the circumference is.
  • the feed material in the area of Drying zone 14 preferably air, which may be enriched with oxygen can be fed to dry the feed.
  • gas supply device 42 which is also a Has shaft body 10 surrounding ring line 44.
  • the ring line 44 is with several nozzles 46, which are preferably evenly distributed on the circumference.
  • Energy-rich gases, oxygen, air can be supplied via the gas supply device 42 or others suitable for controlling the melting and gasification process Gases are fed to the feed.
  • nozzles 48 are provided in the gasification zone 18. Via the nozzles 48 can turn high energy gas or other the melting and Gases or substances controlling the gasification process can be supplied. As well instead of the nozzles 48, burners can also be provided which are located in the Gasification zone 18 immediately supply heat to the feed.
  • the End region of the shaft body 10 which is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis 50 slightly tapered so that the feed material in the Area of the gasification zone 18 is somewhat retained.
  • nozzles 54 are arranged in a side wall 52 of the receiving body 20 in a side wall 52 of the receiving body 20 in a side wall 52 of the receiving body 20 .
  • the nozzles 54 are used for insertion energy-rich gases or similar substances. Through the nozzles 54 is ensures that the melt 22 remains liquid.
  • Nozzles 54 may also be provided to burners.
  • the gas discharge device 26 has several with the gas collecting space 24 connected gas discharge lines 56.
  • the gas discharge lines 56 are arranged regularly around the shaft body 10.
  • common ring line 58 are interconnected (Fig. 2). That from the Gas collecting space 24 through the gas discharge line 56 into the ring line 58 removed useful gas is then passed according to the invention into a gas line 60.
  • the useful gas discharged via the ring line 58 is at least derived two gas lines.
  • the ring line is 58 not connected between the two gas exhaust lines. It is also preferred a separation is realized on the opposite side.
  • the ring line 58 consists in this embodiment of two not connected Partial rings.
  • the heat of the discharged gases is preferably used in each connected to the gas exhaust pipes heat exchangers. To Flow through the heat exchangers can lead to a gas exhaust line common gas line 60 are merged.
  • the gas discharge lines 56 are in the lower part of the ring line 58 with this connected.
  • the individual gas line 60 or the gas discharge lines is or are preferably connected to the upper part of the ring line 58.
  • a design is also possible in which the gas line 60 or the Gas discharge lines are carried out horizontally or diagonally upwards or be (Fig. 3).
  • a horizontal design of the gas line 60 or the gas discharge lines is or are closed until the next processing facility avoid or keep it as short as possible to avoid dust buildup avoid.
  • the connection of the gas discharge lines 56 to the ring line 58 takes place via funnel-shaped openings 68, which is because of the Cross-sectional expansion a gas calming and equalization occurs and any particles that are also transported fall back into the gas discharge lines 56.
  • a further calming of the discharged gases occurs through an indirect Water cooling, the over the double-walled design of the tube 66 Gas discharge line 56 takes place. There is also a gas calming and equalization by a cross-sectional expansion of the ring line 58 to the gas line 60.
  • the gas collecting space 24 (FIG. 1), which surrounds the gasification zone 18 in a ring, is limited on the inside by a shaft wall 62.
  • the shaft wall 62 is for example double-walled and serves as a cooling device for this area of Manhole body 10 to ensure that no in this area Temperatures occur that damage the shaft walls. Because the gas collection room 24 is also limited by the shaft wall 62, this can be designed such that at the same time cooling in the gas collecting space gases is guaranteed. This is another Particle reduction in the gas that is in the gas plenum in front of the Drainage by the gas discharge device 26 calms down and in the gas discharge lines 56 is further cooled.
  • the degassing zone 16 can also continue the drying zone 14 be double-walled.
  • the double-walled version can be replaced by a silicate brickwork to be replaced.
  • An execution of the whole Drying and degassing zone 14, 16 with a ramming mass, even with one double-walled design, is advantageous. Less wear and tear on the Steel shell, less heat transfer of hot air to the interior and lower thermal shock resistance to the ramming mass.
  • the gasification zone 18 is the main reaction zone within the Shaft reactor. This takes place at temperatures of 1,200 to 1,400 ° C Material and energetic implementation of the solids. From solid fuel gases and solid products from coke to ash are created. For the complete and uniform reaction is crucial that a homogeneous pouring through the degassing gas already generated and the gas to be introduced here Gasification agent is evenly flowed through.
  • the gasification zone 18 must are of sufficient height for these reasons. In this respect, this is because achieved that the gasification zone 18 as a straight cylindrical region Transition to a conical reduction of the cross section or immediately as increasing taper is formed. Because the material Implementations and related destructive forces that Reduced material grain, the voids inside the Bulk column. By reducing the shaft cross-section in this area the rate of descent of the material column can be evened out, unwanted flow channels are destroyed and the formation of Larger voids in the bed are avoided.
  • the lower cylindrical or tapered area of the gasification area 18 protrudes into the melting zone 20.
  • the part above is on this part
  • the pillar at least partially, at the same time there are high ones Temperatures. To ensure mechanical strength and protection before too high temperatures, cooling takes place by means of indirect Water cooling in the shaft wall 62.
  • a medium combustible gas is formed Calorific value with the main components carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrogen and water vapor without components of condensable Hydrocarbons. Many of the chemical reactions that have occurred are endothermic. The temperature of the gas and the bed is thus reduced.
  • the gas in the melting zone and at correspondingly high temperatures a deflection of approximately 180 ° and reaches the free layer 24. Due to the endothermic processes described above, the gas has one Temperature of approx. 1,000 ° C. After a certain gas calming and -Compensation, the gas is sucked out of the reactor above.
  • the gas collecting space 24 is already part of the melting zone 20, which the top is much wider than the protruding gasification zone 18.
  • the cylindrical melting zone 20 shrinks conically downwards and closes from the base plate, above which the melted phase collects.
  • the melting zone 20 is in its entirety with a multilayer Provide ramming compound or equipped with a lining. reason for that are the necessary high temperatures. Only in the area of the gas collection room brick lining may not be necessary.
  • the completely degassed and coked solid is already sintered in places or melted and sinks from the gasification zone 18 into the Melting zone 20.
  • a level with several oxygen nozzles is integrated into the melting zone 20 or injectors and / or oxidizing burners 54, which also are symmetrically distributed on the axis.
  • the supply of gas with a high proportion of oxygen leads to this strong exothermic reactions with the gas and the solid from the Gasification zone 18.
  • There are temperatures which are significantly above the The melting point of the material is usually about 1400 ° C to 1600 ° C. in the In the area of the oxygen nozzles there are even hot temperature zones from 1800 to 2000 ° C. Under these conditions and by adding Slag formers and / or materials that lower the melting point, all inorganic pollutants are melted safely.
  • the melted material collects as a melt at the bottom of the Reactor. This liquid melt is emptied as in the foundry usual via a tap hole and a gutter 64. A construction with forehearth or Siphon is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
EP02028816A 2002-01-04 2002-12-21 Réacteur en lit descendant à co-courant Expired - Lifetime EP1325950B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20200095U 2002-01-04
DE20200095U DE20200095U1 (de) 2002-01-04 2002-01-04 Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor

Publications (3)

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EP1325950A2 true EP1325950A2 (fr) 2003-07-09
EP1325950A3 EP1325950A3 (fr) 2004-01-02
EP1325950B1 EP1325950B1 (fr) 2007-06-13

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AT (1) ATE364671T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE20200095U1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2213971A1 (fr) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-04 Linde AG Procédé de fusion de matière utilisée dans un four à coupole

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104293394A (zh) * 2014-09-23 2015-01-21 湖南省烟草公司张家界市公司 一种烤烟用生物质制气装置

Citations (4)

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DE261048C (fr) *
DE2747571A1 (de) * 1976-10-26 1978-04-27 Union Steel South Africa Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen erzeugen eines reduktionsgases und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens
US4813179A (en) * 1986-04-01 1989-03-21 Distrigaz S.A. Process for the cocurrent gasification of coal
DE19816864A1 (de) * 1996-10-01 1999-10-07 Hans Ulrich Feustel Koksbeheizter Kreislaufgas-Kupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmaterialien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung

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US3920417A (en) * 1973-06-29 1975-11-18 Combustion Eng Method of gasifying carbonaceous material
DE3042200A1 (de) * 1980-11-08 1982-06-16 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Vorrichtung zur gewinnung von grossen mengen an brennbarem gas aus kohlenstoffhaltigen materialien
DE4030554A1 (de) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-09 Bergmann Michael Dr Verfahren und vorrichtung zur thermischen behandlung von abfallstoffen
DE19916931C2 (de) * 1999-03-31 2001-07-05 Deponie Wirtschaft Umweltschut Luftzuführrohr für einen Vergaser zur Erzeugung von Brenngas
DE10007115C2 (de) * 2000-02-17 2002-06-27 Masch Und Stahlbau Gmbh Rolan Verfahren und Reaktor zum Vergasen und Schmelzen von Einsatzstoffen mit absteigender Gasführung
DE10051648A1 (de) * 2000-02-25 2001-09-13 Mitteldeutsche Feuerungs Und U Verfahren und Schacht-Schmelz-Vergaser zur thermischen Behandlung und Verwertung von Abfallstoffen

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE261048C (fr) *
DE2747571A1 (de) * 1976-10-26 1978-04-27 Union Steel South Africa Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen erzeugen eines reduktionsgases und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens
US4813179A (en) * 1986-04-01 1989-03-21 Distrigaz S.A. Process for the cocurrent gasification of coal
DE19816864A1 (de) * 1996-10-01 1999-10-07 Hans Ulrich Feustel Koksbeheizter Kreislaufgas-Kupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmaterialien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2213971A1 (fr) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-04 Linde AG Procédé de fusion de matière utilisée dans un four à coupole
US8071013B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2011-12-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Melting starting material in a cupola furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1325950A3 (fr) 2004-01-02
DE50210308D1 (de) 2007-07-26
EP1325950B1 (fr) 2007-06-13
ATE364671T1 (de) 2007-07-15
DE20200095U1 (de) 2003-05-08

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