EP2213971A1 - Device for melting inset material in a cupola - Google Patents

Device for melting inset material in a cupola Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2213971A1
EP2213971A1 EP09003981A EP09003981A EP2213971A1 EP 2213971 A1 EP2213971 A1 EP 2213971A1 EP 09003981 A EP09003981 A EP 09003981A EP 09003981 A EP09003981 A EP 09003981A EP 2213971 A1 EP2213971 A1 EP 2213971A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
shaft furnace
oxygen
injection gas
wind
furnace
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EP09003981A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2213971B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Niehoff
Peter Kokas
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola, for melting feedstock, wherein the shaft furnace is heated by combustion of a solid fuel and wherein in the shaft furnace, an injection gas is injected, which has an oxygen content of more than 21%. Furthermore, the invention relates to a shaft furnace, in particular cupola, for melting a feedstock, wherein a feed line for an oxygen-containing injection gas is provided, at the downstream end of a drive nozzle is connected, wherein a Injektorwind ein opens into the supply line for the injection gas or in the drive nozzle ,
  • a set of iron which usually consists of pig iron, cast iron, steel scrap and other ferro alloys, is melted.
  • Foundry coke is generally used as fuel in the cupola furnace, which is burned by reaction with oxygen, thereby releasing the amount of energy necessary to melt the iron charge.
  • the coke was burned with air as the oxidant. Meanwhile, however, the use of oxygen-enriched air during melting in the cupola furnace to the technical standard. The advantage over the use of air is that higher combustion temperatures can be generated and the melting process is faster.
  • the coke serves as a fuel on the one hand, and on the other to carburize the liquid iron. If the oxygen injection described above is used, the coke in the cupola is burned faster by the additional oxygen. The in this way reduced amount of coke has a negative effect on the carburization of the liquid iron.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to show an improved method for operating a shaft furnace of the type mentioned and a corresponding shaft furnace.
  • This object is achieved by a method for operating a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola, for melting feedstock, wherein the shaft furnace is heated by combustion of a solid fuel and wherein in the shaft furnace, an injection gas is injected, which has an oxygen content of more than 21% , and wherein the method is characterized in that the shaft furnace is heated by means of at least one burner, wherein the burner, a gaseous or liquid fuel and a gaseous oxidant, which has an oxygen content of more than 21%, are supplied.
  • the shaft furnace according to the invention in particular cupola, for melting a feedstock, has a supply line for an oxygen-containing injection gas, at the downstream end of which a motive nozzle is connected, wherein a Injektorwindtechnisch opens into the supply line for the oxygen-containing gas or in the motive nozzle, and wherein the shaft furnace at least a burner, which is provided with a supply line for a gaseous oxidizing agent and a supply line for a liquid or gaseous fuel.
  • shaft furnace is understood in particular to mean a cupola furnace, in particular a cupola furnace for melting gray cast iron and ductile iron.
  • shaft furnace systems for melting other metallic inserts, such as copper or aluminum, or for melting non-metallic materials, for example for the production of mineral wool can be operated according to the invention.
  • feedstock is intended to include metal-containing and non-metallic charges that are fed to a shaft furnace for melting.
  • this includes in particular the so-called iron or cold set, consisting of pig iron, cast iron fracture, Stahischrott and / or other iron-containing aggregates.
  • iron or cold set consisting of pig iron, cast iron fracture, Stahischrott and / or other iron-containing aggregates.
  • copper or aluminum-containing or non-metallic batches are conceivable as an insert.
  • wind residual wind
  • injector wind are understood to mean the oxygen-containing gas streams supplied to the shaft furnace, in particular air streams supplied under elevated pressure.
  • injection gas refers to an oxygen-containing gas stream which is introduced into the shaft furnace via a lance, a pipe, a motive nozzle or the like.
  • the injection gas without reactants is fed to the shaft furnace.
  • the injection gas reacts first with the solid and liquid substances in the shaft furnace and with the atmosphere in the shaft furnace.
  • oxygen burner hereinafter refers to a burner which is operated with a liquid or gaseous fuel and an oxygen-containing gas which has an oxygen concentration of more than 21%.
  • oxygen-containing gas which has an oxygen concentration of more than 21%.
  • pure oxygen or technically pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is used as the oxidizing agent.
  • the technology of oxygen injection in the cupola described above has been further developed such that oxygen torches are additionally used for melting.
  • oxygen burners in cupolas is already known per se.
  • DE 1 583 213 OS describes the use of oxygen-fuel burners in shaft furnaces.
  • inventive combination of the two known per se techniques shows surprising advantages.
  • the two technologies of oxygen injection and heating are combined with burners in a shaft furnace, whereby the respective disadvantages are largely avoided and a significant improvement of the melting process is achieved.
  • the pure oxygen injection the Danger of too rapid coke burn, in the use of oxygen burners, however, the combustion gases, especially water vapor and carbon dioxide, as well as unburned fuel gas can cause an undesirable cooling effect in the shaft furnace.
  • the inventive use of both technologies avoids these disadvantages and allows greater flexibility in the process.
  • the melting process in the shaft furnace can be controlled by the amount of coke, the quantities of liquid or gaseous fuel and the amount of oxygen-containing injection gas supplied.
  • the stoichiometry in the shaft furnace can be controlled, that is, for example, a reducing or neutral atmosphere can be set.
  • this risk is counteracted by controlling the melting performance not only via the oxygen injection, but in particular also via the burner output.
  • the coke combustion and thus the carburizing of the molten iron in the shaft furnace can be optimized.
  • the additional oxygen influences secondary reactions in the shaft furnace, for example endothermic reactions of excess fuel with constituents of the furnace atmosphere.
  • the energy necessary for melting the feed material is no longer supplied only via the coke, but additionally via the burners. In this way, the melting performance can be optimized and / or the amount of coke can be reduced.
  • the injection gas is injected into the shaft furnace at a relatively "cold” location.
  • the temperature in the shaft furnace depends on the height, ie at different altitudes different temperatures prevail.
  • a "cold spot” is accordingly a location in the shaft furnace where the temperature is lower than the average temperature at that furnace height.
  • the burners are preferably directed to "hot" furnace areas where the temperature is higher than the average temperature at that furnace or shaft height.
  • the burner and the supply lines for injection gas in the shaft furnace are arranged so that the furnace undergoes over its entire circumference as uniform as possible thermal stress.
  • the amount and / or the flow rate of the injection gas and / or the injector wind and / or the power of the burners are advantageous depending on the temperature and / or the CO content of the top gas, i. the combustion gases, the shaft furnace regulated. Different coke qualities and different compositions of the melted insert introduced into the shaft furnace affect the composition of the blast furnace gas. By analyzing the CO content and / or the blast furnace temperature conclusions about the combustion process and the melting process can be drawn.
  • the melting process can always be adapted to the desired objective.
  • Other parameters that can be used to control the injection gas and / or the burner or burners (s) are the melting capacity, the furnace pressure and the exhaust gas analysis.
  • the control of the shaft furnace is advantageously carried out in response to one or more of the following parameters: temperature, composition or analysis of the gaseous or effluent gas, melt parameters such as melting temperature, furnace specific data, composition or analysis of the slag withdrawn from the shaft furnace.
  • Previously recorded operating data can be used to determine the burner output and the oxygen supply to the furnace, depending on the optimally set current operating parameters and to achieve a process management according to the technological requirements. Performance deviations can be detected and assigned quickly.
  • the kiln mode can be adjusted historically in a self-correcting database. Quality influences on, for example, different coke inserts are recognized immediately.
  • a controlled amount of oxygen is supplied to the shaft furnace for converting the solid fuel, for example coke. This is done by feeding the injection gas or gas mixture into the shaft furnace in a defined amount and / or at a defined flow rate.
  • the oxygen-containing injection gas is accelerated in a motive nozzle and an injector wind is sucked by means of the resulting during the acceleration of the injected gas negative pressure and combined with the injection gas to a motive nozzle stream and passed into the shaft furnace.
  • the injection gas is conducted into the shaft furnace at high speed and can be blown far into the interior of the shaft furnace and thus specifically influence the conversion of the coke.
  • Additional oxygen is supplied to the shaft furnace via the injector wind.
  • the injection gas flows out of the drive nozzle or nozzles at high speed and thereby generates a negative pressure, which according to the invention is used to suck in the injector wind.
  • the sucked amount of injector wind depends on the one hand on the amount and flow rate of the injection gas, on the other hand, but also be regulated separately.
  • the mixture of accelerated injection gas and aspirated injector wind forms a motive nozzle stream that provides oxygen to the combustion process in the shaft furnace.
  • the shaft furnace further oxygen is supplied in the form of residual wind. As a rule, pressurized air is available as residual wind.
  • the injector wind and the residual wind come from the same source.
  • a wind pipe, a wind ring or a wind device which a certain amount of hot air, that is under elevated pressure hot air leads.
  • the Injektorwind Arthur, on the other hand, the residual wind line connected.
  • the total available hot blast amount is divided accordingly into a proportion which is sucked in by the injector from the oxygen-containing gas gas, and in a residual residual wind which is fed to the shaft furnace via the residual draft line.
  • the shaft furnace may be provided with a first wind line from which the injector wind is withdrawn and with a second wind line from which the residual wind is taken.
  • this design is technically more complex to implement than the above-described embodiment with a common wind line for residual wind and injector wind.
  • by separate wind lines or wind devices for injector wind and residual wind their pressure and temperature conditions can be set independently, creating additional degrees of freedom to control the combustion process in the shaft furnace.
  • air sucked in directly from the environment can be used as the injector wind. It is also possible to suck in other gases or substances with the injection gas and to supply the combustion in the shaft furnace.
  • an injection gas having an oxygen content of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, particularly preferably more than 99% is used.
  • oxygen enriched air can be used as injection gas.
  • the injection gas is preferably injected at high speed, for example, 100 to 280 m / s in the shaft furnace.
  • the supply line for the injection gas is preferably connected to a supply device, for example a tank, for technically pure oxygen.
  • the technically pure oxygen can be added via the Injektorwind founded a defined amount of air so as to adjust the oxygen content in the resulting mixture of oxygen and air.
  • This mixture is accelerated in the motive nozzle, preferably a Laval nozzle, and introduced into the shaft furnace as a motive nozzle stream.
  • the oxygen content of the motive jet stream resulting from the combination of injection gas and injector wind is particularly preferably chosen to be between 25% and 65%.
  • About the oxygen content of the motive jet current is another parameter available, via which the combustion of the fossil fuel can be controlled. For example, by increasing the oxygen content, the combustion can be intensified, that is, the temperature of the combustion gases is increased and more fossil fuel is burned per unit time.
  • coke is used as a solid fuel.
  • the quality of the coke varies in practice very strong, which it is regularly necessary to follow up and adjust the combustion parameters in order to achieve optimum conversion of the coke and thus an optimal melting process.
  • fluctuations in the coke quality can be easily compensated.
  • the burners are preferably operated with oxygen having a purity of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, particularly preferably more than 99%, as oxidizing agent.
  • the performance of the burners can be varied according to the process conditions.
  • the burner output is adjusted to be between 10% and 50% of the total energy supplied to the shaft furnace.
  • a plurality, preferably four to ten, uniformly distributed around the circumference of the shaft furnace tuyeres are provided in the shaft furnace, which alternately with a burner or a Lance or nozzle for supplying the injection gas are provided.
  • the term "wind nozzles" here are understood openings in the walls of the shaft furnace, which usually serve to introduce wind or air into the melting chamber, but according to the invention can also be equipped with burners.
  • the nozzles for the injection gas are designed as driving nozzles, in which, as explained above, accelerates the injection gas and an injector wind is sucked by means of the resulting during the acceleration of the injection gas negative pressure.
  • the combination of oxygen injection and burners according to the invention in a cupola furnace has numerous advantages in comparison to the previously used methods.
  • the combustion of solid fossil fuel is significantly improved and less fuel is needed.
  • the emissions or immissions are substantially reduced.
  • Quality variations of the fuel, in particular different coke qualities, can be taken into account.
  • the combustion of the solid fuel can be better controlled and thus set the stoichiometry defined in the shaft furnace.
  • the invention makes it possible to specifically intervene in the melting process of shaft furnaces and cupola systems.
  • the efficiencies and environmental results are significantly improved.
  • the combination of oxygen injection and oxygen burners according to the invention makes it possible to supply more oxygen to the shaft furnace and at the same time to use less coke.
  • the figure shows a cross section through a cupola 1 for melting iron.
  • a plurality of wind nozzles 2 are distributed around the circumference of the cupola 1.
  • the tuyeres 2 are alternately equipped with an oxygen friction nozzle 3 and an oxygen burner 4.
  • Technically pure oxygen having a purity of more than 95% is injected into the cupola furnace 1 via the oxygen friction nozzles 3.
  • the driving nozzles 3 are connected to the wind ring, not shown in the figure, from which sucked when injecting the oxygen into the furnace 1 air or wind and is also blown into the cupola 1.
  • the oxygen burners 4 are operated with a fuel gas, preferably natural gas, and oxygen with a purity of more than 95%.

Abstract

Operating a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola furnace, for melting starting material, comprises heating the shaft furnace by a burner, and supplying a gaseous or liquid fuel and a gaseous oxidant, which comprises an oxygen portion of more than 21% to the burner. Operating a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola furnace, for melting starting material, where the shaft furnace is heated by combustion of a solid fuel and where an injection gas, which has an oxygen portion of more than 21%, is injected into the shaft furnace, where the injection gas is accelerated in a driving nozzle and an injector blast is sucked using the low pressure created in response to the acceleration of the injection gas and is combined with the injection gas to form a driving nozzle flow and is fed into the shaft furnace, comprises heating the shaft furnace by a burner, and supplying a gaseous or liquid fuel and a gaseous oxidant, which comprises an oxygen portion of more than 21% to the burner. An independent claim is included for a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola furnace, for melting a starting material, where a feed line for an oxygen-containing injection gas is made, at the downstream end of which a driving nozzle is connected and where an injector blast pipe empties into the feed line for the injection gas or into the driving nozzle, comprising at least one burner provided with a feed line for a gaseous oxidant and with a feed line for a liquid fuel or a gaseous fuel.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schachtofens, insbesondere eines Kupolofens, zum Schmelzen von Einsatzmaterial, wobei der Schachtofen durch Verbrennung eines festen Brennstoffs beheizt wird und wobei in den Schachtofen ein Injektionsgas eingedüst wird, welches einen Sauerstoffanteil von mehr als 21% besitzt. Ferner bezieht sich die Erfindung auf einen Schachtofen, insbesondere Kupolofen, zum Schmelzen eines Einsatzmaterials, wobei eine Zuleitung für ein sauerstoffhaltiges Injektionsgas vorgesehen ist, an deren stromabwärtigem Ende eine Treibdüse angeschlossen ist, wobei eine Injektorwindleitung in die Zuleitung für das Injektionsgas oder in die Treibdüse mündet.The invention relates to a method for operating a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola, for melting feedstock, wherein the shaft furnace is heated by combustion of a solid fuel and wherein in the shaft furnace, an injection gas is injected, which has an oxygen content of more than 21%. Furthermore, the invention relates to a shaft furnace, in particular cupola, for melting a feedstock, wherein a feed line for an oxygen-containing injection gas is provided, at the downstream end of a drive nozzle is connected, wherein a Injektorwindleitung opens into the supply line for the injection gas or in the drive nozzle ,

In einem Kupolofen wird ein Eisensatz, der meist aus Roheisen, Gussbruch, Stahlschrott und sonstigen Ferrolegierungen besteht, aufgeschmolzen. Als Brennstoff wird im Kupolofen in der Regel Gießereikoks eingesetzt, der durch Umsetzung mit Sauerstoff verbrannt wird und dabei die zum Schmelzen des Eisensatzes notwendigen Energiemengen freisetzt.In a cupola, a set of iron, which usually consists of pig iron, cast iron, steel scrap and other ferro alloys, is melted. Foundry coke is generally used as fuel in the cupola furnace, which is burned by reaction with oxygen, thereby releasing the amount of energy necessary to melt the iron charge.

Ursprünglich wurde der Koks mit Luft als Oxidationsmittel verbrannt. Mittlerweile gehört jedoch der Einsatz von mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft beim Schmelzen im Kupolofen zum technischen Standard. Der Vorteil gegenüber der Verwendung von Luft liegt darin, dass höhere Verbrennungstemperaturen erzeugt werden können und der Schmelzprozess schneller abläuft.Originally, the coke was burned with air as the oxidant. Meanwhile, however, the use of oxygen-enriched air during melting in the cupola furnace to the technical standard. The advantage over the use of air is that higher combustion temperatures can be generated and the melting process is faster.

Aus der EP 0 762 068 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Zuführung von Verbrennungsluft in einen Kupolofen bekannt, bei dem Sauerstoff in den Kupolofen eingedüst wird und der dabei entstehende Unterdruck ausgenutzt wird, um weitere Verbrennungsluft in den Kupolofen zu saugen.From the EP 0 762 068 A1 a method for supplying combustion air into a cupola is known in which oxygen is injected into the cupola and the resulting negative pressure is utilized to suck more combustion air into the cupola.

Im Kupolofen dient der Koks zum einen als Brennstoff, zum anderen zum Aufkohlen des flüssigen Eisens. Wird die oben beschriebene Sauerstoffeindüsung eingesetzt, so wird der Koks im Kupolofen durch den zusätzlichen Sauerstoff schneller verbrannt. Die auf diese Weise verringerte Koksmenge wirkt sich aber negativ auf die Aufkohlung des flüssigen Eisens aus.In the cupola, the coke serves as a fuel on the one hand, and on the other to carburize the liquid iron. If the oxygen injection described above is used, the coke in the cupola is burned faster by the additional oxygen. The in this way reduced amount of coke has a negative effect on the carburization of the liquid iron.

Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es daher, ein verbessertes Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schachtofens der eingangs genannten Art und einen entsprechenden Schachtofen aufzuzeigen.Object of the present invention is therefore to show an improved method for operating a shaft furnace of the type mentioned and a corresponding shaft furnace.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schachtofens, insbesondere eines Kupolofens, zum Schmelzen von Einsatzmaterial gelöst, wobei der Schachtofen durch Verbrennung eines festen Brennstoffs beheizt wird und wobei in den Schachtofen ein Injektionsgas eingedüst wird, welches einen Sauerstoffanteil von mehr als 21% besitzt, und wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Schachtofen mittels mindestens eines Brenners beheizt wird, wobei dem Brenner ein gasförmiger oder flüssiger Brennstoff und ein gasförmiges Oxidationsmittel, welches einen Sauerstoffanteil von mehr als 21% aufweist, zugeführt werden.This object is achieved by a method for operating a shaft furnace, in particular a cupola, for melting feedstock, wherein the shaft furnace is heated by combustion of a solid fuel and wherein in the shaft furnace, an injection gas is injected, which has an oxygen content of more than 21% , and wherein the method is characterized in that the shaft furnace is heated by means of at least one burner, wherein the burner, a gaseous or liquid fuel and a gaseous oxidant, which has an oxygen content of more than 21%, are supplied.

Der erfindungsgemäße Schachtofen, insbesondere Kupolofen, zum Schmelzen eines Einsatzmaterials, besitzt eine Zuleitung für ein sauerstoffhaltiges Injektionsgas, an deren stromabwärtigem Ende eine Treibdüse angeschlossen ist, wobei eine Injektorwindleitung in die Zuleitung für das sauerstoffhaltige Gas oder in die Treibdüse mündet, und wobei der Schachtofen mindestens einen Brenner aufweist, der mit einer Zuleitung für ein gasförmiges Oxidationsmittel und einer Zuleitung für einen flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoff versehen ist.The shaft furnace according to the invention, in particular cupola, for melting a feedstock, has a supply line for an oxygen-containing injection gas, at the downstream end of which a motive nozzle is connected, wherein a Injektorwindleitung opens into the supply line for the oxygen-containing gas or in the motive nozzle, and wherein the shaft furnace at least a burner, which is provided with a supply line for a gaseous oxidizing agent and a supply line for a liquid or gaseous fuel.

Unter dem Begriff "Schachtofen" wird insbesondere ein Kupolofen verstanden, insbesondere ein Kupolofen zum Schmelzen von Grauguss und Sphäroguss. Aber auch andere Schachtofenanlagen zum Schmelzen von anderen metallischen Einsätzen, wie zum Beispiel Kupfer oder Aluminium, oder auch zum Schmelzen von nichtmetallischen Materialien, beispielsweise zur Erzeugung von Mineralwolle, können erfindungsgemäß betrieben werden.The term "shaft furnace" is understood in particular to mean a cupola furnace, in particular a cupola furnace for melting gray cast iron and ductile iron. But other shaft furnace systems for melting other metallic inserts, such as copper or aluminum, or for melting non-metallic materials, for example for the production of mineral wool, can be operated according to the invention.

Der Begriff "Einsatzmaterial" soll dementsprechend metallhaltige und nichtmetallische Chargen umfassen, die einem Schachtofen zum Schmelzen zugeführt werden. Wie eingangs bereits erwähnt, fällt hierunter insbesondere der sogenannte Eisensatz oder kalte Satz, bestehend aus Roheisen, Gussbruch, Stahischrott und/oder sonstigen eisenhaltigen Zuschlagstoffen. Je nach Art des Schachtofens sind aber auch kupfer- oder aluminiumhaltige oder nichtmetallische Chargen als Einsatz denkbar.Accordingly, the term "feedstock" is intended to include metal-containing and non-metallic charges that are fed to a shaft furnace for melting. As already mentioned, this includes in particular the so-called iron or cold set, consisting of pig iron, cast iron fracture, Stahischrott and / or other iron-containing aggregates. Depending on the type of shaft furnace but also copper or aluminum-containing or non-metallic batches are conceivable as an insert.

Mit den Begriffen "Wind", "Restwind" und "Injektorwind" werden im Rahmen dieser Anmeldung dem Schachtofen zugeführte sauerstoffhaltige Gasströme, insbesondere unter erhöhtem Druck zugeführte Luftströme, verstanden.For the purposes of this application, the terms "wind", "residual wind" and "injector wind" are understood to mean the oxygen-containing gas streams supplied to the shaft furnace, in particular air streams supplied under elevated pressure.

Der Begriff "Injektionsgas" bezeichnet einen sauerstoffhaltigen Gasstrom, der über eine Lanze, ein Rohr, eine Treibdüse oder ähnliches in den Schachtofen eingebracht wird. Im Gegensatz zu einem Brenner wird das Injektionsgas ohne Reaktionspartner dem Schachtofen zugeführt. Das Injektionsgas reagiert erst mit den im Schachtofen befindlichen festen und flüssigen Stoffen sowie mit der Atmosphäre im Schachtofen. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Injektionsgas gemeinsam mit anderen Stoffen oder Fluiden, mit denen das Injektionsgas unter den in der Lanze oder Düse herrschenden Bedingungen nicht reagiert, in den Schachtofen einzuleiten.The term "injection gas" refers to an oxygen-containing gas stream which is introduced into the shaft furnace via a lance, a pipe, a motive nozzle or the like. In contrast to a burner, the injection gas without reactants is fed to the shaft furnace. The injection gas reacts first with the solid and liquid substances in the shaft furnace and with the atmosphere in the shaft furnace. However, it is also possible to introduce the injection gas into the shaft furnace together with other substances or fluids with which the injection gas does not react under the conditions prevailing in the lance or nozzle.

Der Begriff "Sauerstoffbrenner" bezeichnet im Folgenden einen Brenner, der mit einem flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoff und einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas betrieben wird, welches eine Sauerstoffkonzentration von mehr als 21% besitzt. Insbesondere wird als Oxidationsmittel reiner Sauerstoff bzw. technisch reiner Sauerstoff oder mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft verwendet.The term "oxygen burner" hereinafter refers to a burner which is operated with a liquid or gaseous fuel and an oxygen-containing gas which has an oxygen concentration of more than 21%. In particular, pure oxygen or technically pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is used as the oxidizing agent.

Erfindungsgemäß wurde die eingangs beschriebene Technologie der Sauerstoffinjektion in den Kupolofen dahingehend weiterentwickelt, dass zusätzlich Sauerstoffbrenner zum Schmelzen eingesetzt werden. Der Einsatz von Sauerstoffbrennern in Kupolöfen ist zwar an sich bereits bekannt. So ist beispielsweise in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 1 583 213 OS die Verwendung von Sauerstoff-Brennstoff-Brennern in Schachtöfen beschrieben. Die erfindungsgemäße Kombination der beiden jeweils für sich bekannten Techniken zeigt aber überraschende Vorteile.According to the invention, the technology of oxygen injection in the cupola described above has been further developed such that oxygen torches are additionally used for melting. The use of oxygen burners in cupolas is already known per se. For example, in the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 1 583 213 OS describes the use of oxygen-fuel burners in shaft furnaces. The inventive combination of the two known per se techniques but shows surprising advantages.

Erfindungsgemäß werden die beiden Technologien der Sauerstoffeindüsung und der Beheizung mit Brennern in einem Schachtofen kombiniert, wodurch die jeweiligen Nachteile weitgehend vermieden und eine deutliche Verbesserung des Schmelzverfahrens erreicht wird. So besteht bei der reinen Sauerstoffinjektion die Gefahr des zu schnellen Koksabbrandes, bei der Verwendung von Sauerstoffbrennern können dagegen die Verbrennungsgase, insbesondere Wasserdampf und Kohlendioxid, sowie unverbranntes Brenngas einen unerwünschten Kühleffekt im Schachtofen hervorrufen. Die erfindungsgemäße Nutzung beider Technologien vermeidet diese Nachteile und erlaubt eine größere Flexibilität in der Verfahrensführung.According to the invention, the two technologies of oxygen injection and heating are combined with burners in a shaft furnace, whereby the respective disadvantages are largely avoided and a significant improvement of the melting process is achieved. So there is the pure oxygen injection the Danger of too rapid coke burn, in the use of oxygen burners, however, the combustion gases, especially water vapor and carbon dioxide, as well as unburned fuel gas can cause an undesirable cooling effect in the shaft furnace. The inventive use of both technologies avoids these disadvantages and allows greater flexibility in the process.

Erfindungsgemäß kann der Schmelzvorgang im Schachtofen über die Koksmenge, die Mengen an flüssigem oder gasförmigem Brennstoff und die zugeführte Menge an sauerstoffhaltigem Injektionsgas geregelt werden. Über entsprechende Einstellung dieser Parameter kann beispielsweise die Stöchiometrie im Schachtofen gesteuert werden, das heißt, es kann beispielsweise eine reduzierende oder neutrale Atmosphäre eingestellt werden. Bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Schmelzverfahren mit Sauerstoffinjektion besteht die Gefahr einer zu stark oxidierenden Atmosphäre, wenn der Schmelzprozess durch Sauerstoffeindüsung beschleunigt wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird dieser Gefahr dadurch begegnet, dass die Schmelzleistung nicht nur über die Sauerstoffinjektion, sondern insbesondere auch über die Brennerleistung gesteuert wird.According to the invention, the melting process in the shaft furnace can be controlled by the amount of coke, the quantities of liquid or gaseous fuel and the amount of oxygen-containing injection gas supplied. By adjusting these parameters accordingly, for example, the stoichiometry in the shaft furnace can be controlled, that is, for example, a reducing or neutral atmosphere can be set. In the known from the prior art melting process with oxygen injection there is a risk of too strong oxidizing atmosphere when the melting process is accelerated by oxygen injection. According to the invention, this risk is counteracted by controlling the melting performance not only via the oxygen injection, but in particular also via the burner output.

Über die Zuführung des sauerstoffhaltigen Injektionsgases kann die Koksverbrennung und damit die Aufkohlung des schmelzflüssigen Eisens im Schachtofen optimiert werden. Außerdem werden durch den zusätzlichen Sauerstoff Sekundärreaktionen im Schachtofen, beispielsweise endotherme Reaktionen von überschüssigem Brennstoff mit Bestandteilen der Ofenatmosphäre, beeinflusst.By supplying the oxygen-containing injection gas, the coke combustion and thus the carburizing of the molten iron in the shaft furnace can be optimized. In addition, the additional oxygen influences secondary reactions in the shaft furnace, for example endothermic reactions of excess fuel with constituents of the furnace atmosphere.

Die zum Schmelzen des Einsatzmaterials notwendige Energie wird nicht mehr nur über den Koks, sondern zusätzlich über die Brenner zugeführt. Auf diese Weise kann die Schmelzleistung optimiert und/oder die Koksmenge reduziert werden.The energy necessary for melting the feed material is no longer supplied only via the coke, but additionally via the burners. In this way, the melting performance can be optimized and / or the amount of coke can be reduced.

Vorzugsweise wird das Injektionsgas an einer relativ "kalten" Stelle in den Schachtofen injiziert. Die Temperatur im Schachtofen ist von der Höhe abhängig, d.h. auf unterschiedlichen Höhen herrschen unterschiedliche Temperaturen. Eine "kalte Stelle" ist dementsprechend eine Stelle im Schachtofen, an der die Temperatur niedriger ist als die Durchschnittstemperatur auf dieser Ofenhöhe.Preferably, the injection gas is injected into the shaft furnace at a relatively "cold" location. The temperature in the shaft furnace depends on the height, ie at different altitudes different temperatures prevail. A "cold spot" is accordingly a location in the shaft furnace where the temperature is lower than the average temperature at that furnace height.

Umgekehrt werden die Brenner vorzugsweise auf "heiße" Ofenbereiche gerichtet, an denen die Temperatur höher ist als die Durchschnittstemperatur auf dieser Ofen- bzw. Schachthöhe.Conversely, the burners are preferably directed to "hot" furnace areas where the temperature is higher than the average temperature at that furnace or shaft height.

Im Kupolofenbetrieb tritt häufig über den Ofenumfang eine ungleichmäßige thermische Belastung auf. Dies ist beispielsweise an einem ungleichmäßigen Verschleiß der feuerfesten Ofenwandauskleidungen erkennbar. Von Vorteil werden daher die Brenner und die Zuleitungen für Injektionsgas in den Schachtofen so angeordnet, dass der Ofen über seinen gesamten Umfang eine möglichst gleichmäßige thermische Belastung erfährt.In cupola furnace operation, an uneven thermal load often occurs across the furnace periphery. This can be seen for example from uneven wear of the refractory furnace wall linings. Advantageously, therefore, the burner and the supply lines for injection gas in the shaft furnace are arranged so that the furnace undergoes over its entire circumference as uniform as possible thermal stress.

Die Menge und/oder die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Injektionsgases und/oder des Injektorwindes und/oder die Leistung der Brenner werden von Vorteil in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und/oder dem CO-Gehalt des Gichtgases, d.h. der Verbrennungsgase, des Schachtofens geregelt. Unterschiedliche Koksqualitäten und unterschiedliche Zusammensetzungen des in den Schachtofen eingebrachten, zu schmelzenden Einsatzes beeinflussen die Zusammensetzung des Gichtgases. Durch Analyse des CO-Gehalts und/oder der Gichtgastemperatur können Rückschlüsse auf den Verbrennungsprozess und den Schmelzprozess gezogen werden.The amount and / or the flow rate of the injection gas and / or the injector wind and / or the power of the burners are advantageous depending on the temperature and / or the CO content of the top gas, i. the combustion gases, the shaft furnace regulated. Different coke qualities and different compositions of the melted insert introduced into the shaft furnace affect the composition of the blast furnace gas. By analyzing the CO content and / or the blast furnace temperature conclusions about the combustion process and the melting process can be drawn.

Durch Variation der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, des Sauerstoffgehalts und/oder der Menge des Treibdüsenstroms sowie der Leistung des oder der Brenner(s) kann der Schmelzprozess stets an die gewünschte Zielsetzung angepasst werden. Weitere Parameter, die zur Regelung des Injektionsgases und/oder des oder der Brenner(s) herangezogen werden können, sind die Schmelzleistung, der Ofendruck und die Abgasanalyse.By varying the flow rate, the oxygen content and / or the amount of the motive nozzle flow and the power of the burner or burners (s), the melting process can always be adapted to the desired objective. Other parameters that can be used to control the injection gas and / or the burner or burners (s) are the melting capacity, the furnace pressure and the exhaust gas analysis.

Die Steuerung des Schachtofens erfolgt von Vorteil in Abhängigkeit von einem oder mehreren der folgenden Parameter: Temperatur, Zusammensetzung oder Analyse des Gicht- oder Abgases, Schmelzparameter, wie beispielsweise Schmelztemperatur, ofenspezifische Daten, Zusammensetzung bzw. Analyse der aus dem Schachtofen abgezogenen Schlacke.The control of the shaft furnace is advantageously carried out in response to one or more of the following parameters: temperature, composition or analysis of the gaseous or effluent gas, melt parameters such as melting temperature, furnace specific data, composition or analysis of the slag withdrawn from the shaft furnace.

Zuvor aufgezeichnete Betriebsdaten können hierbei genutzt werden, um die Brennerleistung und die Sauerstoffzufuhr zum Ofen in Abhängigkeit von den momentanen Betriebsparametern optimal einzustellen und eine den technologischen Forderungen entsprechende Verfahrensführung zu erzielen. Leistungsabweichungen können schnell erkannt und zugeordnet werden. Durch die Hinterlegung der praktischen Schmelzergebnisse kann historisch in einer selbst korrigierenden Datenbank die Ofenfahrweise angepasst werden. Qualitätseinflüsse über zum Beispiel unterschiedliche Kokseinsätze werden sofort erkannt.Previously recorded operating data can be used to determine the burner output and the oxygen supply to the furnace, depending on the optimally set current operating parameters and to achieve a process management according to the technological requirements. Performance deviations can be detected and assigned quickly. By depositing the practical melt results, the kiln mode can be adjusted historically in a self-correcting database. Quality influences on, for example, different coke inserts are recognized immediately.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dem Schachtofen zur Umsetzung des festen Brennstoffs, beispielsweise des Koks, eine geregelte Menge Sauerstoff zugeführt. Dies erfolgt dadurch, dass das Injektionsgas oder -gasgemisch in definierter Menge und/oder mit definierter Strömungsgeschwindigkeit dem Schachtofen zugeführt wird.According to the invention, a controlled amount of oxygen is supplied to the shaft furnace for converting the solid fuel, for example coke. This is done by feeding the injection gas or gas mixture into the shaft furnace in a defined amount and / or at a defined flow rate.

Von Vorteil wird das sauerstoffhaltige Injektionsgas in einer Treibdüse beschleunigt und ein Injektorwind wird mittels des bei der Beschleunigung des eingedüsten Gases entstehenden Unterdrucks angesaugt und mit dem Injektionsgas zu einem Treibdüsenstrom zusammengeführt und in den Schachtofen geleitet.Advantageously, the oxygen-containing injection gas is accelerated in a motive nozzle and an injector wind is sucked by means of the resulting during the acceleration of the injected gas negative pressure and combined with the injection gas to a motive nozzle stream and passed into the shaft furnace.

Das Injektionsgas wird bei dieser Ausführungsform mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in den Schachtofen geleitet und kann weit in das Innere des Schachtofens eingeblasen werden und so die Umsetzung des Kokses gezielt beeinflussen. Zusätzlicher Sauerstoff wird dem Schachtofen über den Injektorwind zugeführt. Das Injektionsgas strömt mit hoher Geschwindigkeit aus der oder den Treibdüsen aus und erzeugt dabei einen Unterdruck, welcher erfindungsgemäß dazu genutzt wird, den Injektorwind anzusaugen. Die angesaugte Menge an Injektorwind hängt zum einen von der Menge und Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Injektionsgases ab, kann zum anderen von Vorteil aber auch noch separat geregelt werden. Das Gemisch aus beschleunigtem Injektionsgas und angesaugtem Injektorwind bildet einen Treibdüsenstrom, der dem Verbrennungsprozess im Schachtofen Sauerstoff definiert zur Verfügung stellt. Vorzugsweise wird dem Schachtofen weiterer Sauerstoff in Form von Restwind zugeführt. In der Regel steht hierzu unter Druck befindliche Luft als Restwind zur Verfügung.In this embodiment, the injection gas is conducted into the shaft furnace at high speed and can be blown far into the interior of the shaft furnace and thus specifically influence the conversion of the coke. Additional oxygen is supplied to the shaft furnace via the injector wind. The injection gas flows out of the drive nozzle or nozzles at high speed and thereby generates a negative pressure, which according to the invention is used to suck in the injector wind. The sucked amount of injector wind depends on the one hand on the amount and flow rate of the injection gas, on the other hand, but also be regulated separately. The mixture of accelerated injection gas and aspirated injector wind forms a motive nozzle stream that provides oxygen to the combustion process in the shaft furnace. Preferably, the shaft furnace further oxygen is supplied in the form of residual wind. As a rule, pressurized air is available as residual wind.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform stammen der Injektorwind und der Restwind aus derselben Quelle. So ist beispielsweise eine Windleitung, ein Windring oder eine Windeinrichtung vorgesehen, die eine bestimmte Menge Heißwind, das heißt unter erhöhtem Druck stehende heiße Luft, führt. An diese Windleitung ist zum einen die Injektorwindleitung, zum anderen die Restwindleitung angeschlossen. Die gesamte zur Verfügung stehende Heißwindmenge teilt sich entsprechend auf in einen Anteil, der über die Injektorwindleitung von dem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas angesaugt wird, und in einen verbleibenden Restwind, der über die Restwindleitung dem Schachtofen zugeführt wird.In a preferred embodiment, the injector wind and the residual wind come from the same source. Thus, for example, a wind pipe, a wind ring or a wind device is provided which a certain amount of hot air, that is under elevated pressure hot air leads. To this wind line is on the one hand the Injektorwindleitung, on the other hand, the residual wind line connected. The total available hot blast amount is divided accordingly into a proportion which is sucked in by the injector from the oxygen-containing gas gas, and in a residual residual wind which is fed to the shaft furnace via the residual draft line.

Es ist ebenso möglich, eine separate Zufuhr für den Injektorwind und den Restwind vorzusehen. Zum Beispiel kann der Schachtofen mit einer ersten Windleitung versehen sein, aus der der Injektorwind abgezogen wird, und mit einer zweiten Windleitung, aus der der Restwind entnommen wird. Diese Ausführung ist zwar technisch aufwändiger zu realisieren als die oben beschriebene Ausführung mit einer gemeinsamen Windleitung für Restwind und Injektorwind. Andererseits können aber durch separate Windleitungen oder Windeinrichtungen für Injektorwind und Restwind deren Druck- und Temperaturverhältnisse unabhängig voneinander eingestellt werden, wodurch weitere Freiheitsgrade zur Steuerung des Verbrennungsprozesses im Schachtofen entstehen. Außerdem kann als Injektorwind direkt aus der Umgebung angesaugte Luft eingesetzt werden. Ebenso ist es möglich, mit dem Injektionsgas andere Gase oder Stoffe anzusaugen und der Verbrennung in dem Schachtofen zuzuführen.It is also possible to provide a separate supply for the injector wind and the residual wind. For example, the shaft furnace may be provided with a first wind line from which the injector wind is withdrawn and with a second wind line from which the residual wind is taken. Although this design is technically more complex to implement than the above-described embodiment with a common wind line for residual wind and injector wind. On the other hand, however, by separate wind lines or wind devices for injector wind and residual wind their pressure and temperature conditions can be set independently, creating additional degrees of freedom to control the combustion process in the shaft furnace. In addition, air sucked in directly from the environment can be used as the injector wind. It is also possible to suck in other gases or substances with the injection gas and to supply the combustion in the shaft furnace.

Vorzugsweise wird ein Injektionsgas mit einem Sauerstoffgehalt von mehr als 90%, bevorzugt mehr als 95%, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 99% eingesetzt. Aber auch mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft kann als Injektionsgas verwendet werden. Das Injektionsgas wird bevorzugt mit hoher Geschwindigkeit von beispielsweise 100 bis 280 m/s in den Schachtofen eingedüst.Preferably, an injection gas having an oxygen content of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, particularly preferably more than 99% is used. But also oxygen enriched air can be used as injection gas. The injection gas is preferably injected at high speed, for example, 100 to 280 m / s in the shaft furnace.

Vorzugsweise ist die Zuleitung für das Injektionsgas mit einer Versorgungseinrichtung, beispielsweise einem Tank, für technisch reinen Sauerstoff verbunden. Dem technisch reinen Sauerstoff kann über die Injektorwindleitung eine definierte Luftmenge zugegeben werden, um so den Sauerstoffgehalt in dem resultierenden Gemisch aus Sauerstoff und Luft einzustellen. Dieses Gemisch wird in der Treibdüse, vorzugsweise einer Lavaldüse, beschleunigt und als Treibdüsenstrom in den Schachtofen eingebracht.The supply line for the injection gas is preferably connected to a supply device, for example a tank, for technically pure oxygen. The technically pure oxygen can be added via the Injektorwindleitung a defined amount of air so as to adjust the oxygen content in the resulting mixture of oxygen and air. This mixture is accelerated in the motive nozzle, preferably a Laval nozzle, and introduced into the shaft furnace as a motive nozzle stream.

Besonders bevorzugt wird der Sauerstoffgehalt des aus der Zusammenführung von Injektionsgas und Injektorwind resultierenden Treibdüsenstroms zwischen 25% und 65% gewählt. Über den Sauerstoffgehalt des Treibdüsenstroms steht ein weiterer Parameter zur Verfügung, über den die Verbrennung des fossilen Brennstoffs gesteuert werden kann. So kann beispielsweise durch Erhöhung des Sauerstoffgehalts die Verbrennung intensiviert werden, das heißt, die Temperatur der Verbrennungsgase wird erhöht und es wird pro Zeiteinheit mehr fossiler Brennstoff verbrannt.The oxygen content of the motive jet stream resulting from the combination of injection gas and injector wind is particularly preferably chosen to be between 25% and 65%. About the oxygen content of the motive jet current is another parameter available, via which the combustion of the fossil fuel can be controlled. For example, by increasing the oxygen content, the combustion can be intensified, that is, the temperature of the combustion gases is increased and more fossil fuel is burned per unit time.

Zum Beispiel wird technischer Sauerstoff über Lavaldüsen in eine spezielle Treibdüsenkammer eingetragen. Ein vorab ausgelegter Anteil der Primärwindmenge wird über den entstehenden Unterdruck als Injektorwindanteil geregelt angesaugt. Mit der Einstellung des Injektorwindanteiles über eine Regelklappe ergeben sich verschiedene Sauerstoffanreicherungen, und entsprechend hohe Austrittsgeschwindigkeiten in die Schmelzzone. Der verbleibende Restprimärwind gelangt mit deutlich geringerer Menge und Geschwindigkeit in den Bereich der Schmelzzone.For example, technical oxygen is introduced via Laval nozzles into a special jet nozzle chamber. A pre-designed proportion of the primary wind amount is sucked controlled by the resulting negative pressure as Injektorwindanteil. With the adjustment of the Injektorwindanteiles a control valve, there are different oxygen enrichments, and correspondingly high exit velocities in the melting zone. The remaining residual primary wind passes with significantly less amount and speed in the region of the melting zone.

Vorzugsweise wird Koks als fester Brennstoff eingesetzt. Die Qualität des Kokses variiert in der Praxis sehr stark, wodurch es regelmäßig erforderlich wird, die Verbrennungsparameter nachzufahren und anzupassen, um eine optimale Umsetzung des Kokses und damit einen optimalen Schmelzprozess zu erreichen. Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Einsatz der Brenner können Schwankungen in der Koksqualität leicht kompensiert werden.Preferably, coke is used as a solid fuel. The quality of the coke varies in practice very strong, which it is regularly necessary to follow up and adjust the combustion parameters in order to achieve optimum conversion of the coke and thus an optimal melting process. By using the burner according to the invention, fluctuations in the coke quality can be easily compensated.

Die Brenner werden bevorzugt mit Sauerstoff mit einer Reinheit von mehr als 90%, bevorzugt mehr als 95 %, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 99%, als Oxidationsmittel betrieben.The burners are preferably operated with oxygen having a purity of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, particularly preferably more than 99%, as oxidizing agent.

Die Leistung der Brenner kann je nach den Verfahrensbedingungen variiert werden. Vorzugsweise wird die Brennerleistung so eingestellt, dass diese zwischen 10 % und 50 % der gesamten, dem Schachtofen zugeführten Energie beträgt.The performance of the burners can be varied according to the process conditions. Preferably, the burner output is adjusted to be between 10% and 50% of the total energy supplied to the shaft furnace.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind mehrere, vorzugsweise vier bis zehn, gleichmäßig um den Umfang des Schachtofens verteilte Winddüsen in den Schachtofen vorgesehen, die abwechselnd mit einem Brenner beziehungsweise einer Lanze oder Düse zur Zuführung des Injektionsgases versehen sind. Unter dem Begriff "Winddüsen" werden hierbei Öffnungen in den Wänden des Schachtofens verstanden, die üblicherweise zur Einführung von Wind oder Luft in den Schmelzraum dienen, erfindungsgemäß aber auch mit Brennern bestückt werden können..In a particularly preferred embodiment, a plurality, preferably four to ten, uniformly distributed around the circumference of the shaft furnace tuyeres are provided in the shaft furnace, which alternately with a burner or a Lance or nozzle for supplying the injection gas are provided. The term "wind nozzles" here are understood openings in the walls of the shaft furnace, which usually serve to introduce wind or air into the melting chamber, but according to the invention can also be equipped with burners.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Düsen für das Injektionsgas als Treibdüsen ausgeführt, in denen, wie oben erläutert, das Injektionsgas beschleunigt und ein Injektorwind mittels des bei der Beschleunigung des Injektionsgases entstehenden Unterdrucks angesaugt wird.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the nozzles for the injection gas are designed as driving nozzles, in which, as explained above, accelerates the injection gas and an injector wind is sucked by means of the resulting during the acceleration of the injection gas negative pressure.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kombination von Sauerstoffinjektion und Brennern in einem Kupolofen hat zahlreiche Vorteile im Vergleich zu den bisher eingesetzten Verfahren. Die Verbrennung des festen, fossilen Brennstoffs wird deutlich verbessert und es wird weniger Brennstoff benötigt. Die Emissionen bzw. Immissionen werden wesentlich verringert. Qualitätsschwankungen des Brennstoffs, insbesondere unterschiedlichen Koksqualitäten, kann Rechnung getragen werden. Die Verbrennung des festen Brennstoffs kann besser geregelt und so die Stöchiometrie im Schachtofen definiert eingestellt werden. Durch die Erfindung wird es möglich, gezielt in den Schmelzprozess von Schachtöfen und Kupolofenanlagen einzugreifen. Die Wirkungsgrade und Umweltergebnisse werden entscheidend verbessert. Die erfindungsgemäße Kombination von Sauerstoffinjektion und Sauerstoffbrennern ermöglicht es, dem Schachtofen mehr Sauerstoff zuzuführen und gleichzeitig weniger Koks einsetzen zu müssen.The combination of oxygen injection and burners according to the invention in a cupola furnace has numerous advantages in comparison to the previously used methods. The combustion of solid fossil fuel is significantly improved and less fuel is needed. The emissions or immissions are substantially reduced. Quality variations of the fuel, in particular different coke qualities, can be taken into account. The combustion of the solid fuel can be better controlled and thus set the stoichiometry defined in the shaft furnace. The invention makes it possible to specifically intervene in the melting process of shaft furnaces and cupola systems. The efficiencies and environmental results are significantly improved. The combination of oxygen injection and oxygen burners according to the invention makes it possible to supply more oxygen to the shaft furnace and at the same time to use less coke.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Technologie kann mehr Sauerstoff zum Schmelzen eingesetzt werden, ohne dass die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile, wie geringeres Aufkohlen oder Abfall der Eisentemperatur, auftreten. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die pro produzierte Tonne Eisen verarbeitete Sauerstoffmenge von 20 bis 40 Nm3/tFe auf 20 bis 80 Nm3/tFe gesteigert werden kann.With the technology according to the invention more oxygen can be used for melting, without the disadvantages known from the prior art, such as lower carburizing or drop in the iron temperature, occur. It has been shown that the amount of oxygen processed per ton of iron produced can be increased from 20 to 40 Nm 3 / t of Fe to 20 to 80 Nm 3 / t of Fe .

Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand von dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt die Figur einen Kupolofen im Querschnitt.The invention and further details of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing. This shows the Figure a cupola in cross section.

Die Figur zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Kupolofen 1 zum Einschmelzen von Eisensatz. In bekannter Weise sind um den Umfang des Kupolofens 1 mehrere Winddüsen 2 verteilt. In der gezeigten Ausführung sind die Winddüsen 2 abwechselnd mit einer Sauerstofftreibdüse 3 und einem Sauerstoffbrenner 4 bestückt. Über die Sauerstofftreibdüsen 3 wird technisch reiner Sauerstoff mit einer Reinheit von mehr als 95% in den Kupolofen 1 eingedüst. Die Treibdüsen 3 sind mit dem in der Figur nicht dargestellten Windring verbunden, aus dem beim Eindüsen des Sauerstoffs in den Ofen 1 Luft bzw. Wind angesaugt und ebenfalls in den Kupolofen 1 eingeblasen wird. Die Sauerstoffbrenner 4 werden mit einem Brenngas, bevorzugt Erdgas, und Sauerstoff mit einer Reinheit von mehr als 95% betrieben.The figure shows a cross section through a cupola 1 for melting iron. In a known manner, a plurality of wind nozzles 2 are distributed around the circumference of the cupola 1. In the embodiment shown, the tuyeres 2 are alternately equipped with an oxygen friction nozzle 3 and an oxygen burner 4. Technically pure oxygen having a purity of more than 95% is injected into the cupola furnace 1 via the oxygen friction nozzles 3. The driving nozzles 3 are connected to the wind ring, not shown in the figure, from which sucked when injecting the oxygen into the furnace 1 air or wind and is also blown into the cupola 1. The oxygen burners 4 are operated with a fuel gas, preferably natural gas, and oxygen with a purity of more than 95%.

Claims (12)

Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schachtofens (1), insbesondere eines Kupolofens, zum Schmelzen von Einsatzmaterial, wobei der Schachtofen (1) durch Verbrennung eines festen Brennstoffs beheizt wird und wobei in den Schachtofen (1) ein Injektionsgas, welches einen Sauerstoffanteil von mehr als 21% besitzt, eingedüst wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schachtofen (1) mittels mindestens eines Brenners (4) beheizt wird, wobei dem Brenner (4) ein gasförmiger oder flüssiger Brennstoff und ein gasförmiges Oxidationsmittel, welches einen Sauerstoffanteil von mehr als 21% aufweist, zugeführt werden.Method for operating a shaft furnace (1), in particular a cupola, for melting feedstock, the shaft furnace (1) being heated by combustion of a solid fuel and an injection gas containing more than 21% oxygen in the shaft furnace (1) is, is injected, characterized in that the shaft furnace (1) by means of at least one burner (4) is heated, wherein the burner (4) is a gaseous or liquid fuel and a gaseous oxidant having an oxygen content of more than 21%, be supplied. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Injektionsgas in einer Treibdüse (3) beschleunigt wird und ein Injektorwind mittels des bei der Beschleunigung des Injektionsgases entstehenden Unterdrucks angesaugt und mit dem Injektionsgas zu einem Treibdüsenstrom zusammengeführt und in den Schachtofen (1) geleitet wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection gas is accelerated in a motive nozzle (3) and an injector wind sucked by means of the resulting during acceleration of the injection gas negative pressure and combined with the injection gas to a motive nozzle stream and into the shaft furnace (1). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Schachtofen (1) zusätzlich ein Restwind zugeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaft furnace (1) is additionally fed a residual wind. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Injektorwind und der Restwind aus einer gemeinsamen Windleitung abgezogen werden.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the injector wind and the residual wind are withdrawn from a common wind line. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Injektionsgas Sauerstoff mit einer Reinheit von mehr als 90%, bevorzugt mehr als 95 %, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 99%, verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that as the injection gas oxygen with a purity of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, more preferably more than 99%, is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Koks als fester Brennstoff eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that coke is used as a solid fuel. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Oxidationsmittel Sauerstoff mit einer Reinheit von mehr als 90%, bevorzugt mehr als 95 %, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 99% verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that as the oxidizing agent oxygen having a purity of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, more preferably more than 99% is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Schachtofen (1) über den oder die Brenner (4) zwischen 10 % und 50 % der gesamten dem Schachtofen (1) zugeführten Energie zugeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the shaft furnace (1) via the burner or burners (4) between 10% and 50% of the total energy supplied to the shaft furnace (1) is supplied. Schachtofen (1), insbesondere Kupolofen, zum Schmelzen eines Einsatzmaterials, wobei eine Zuleitung für ein sauerstoffhaltiges Injektionsgas vorgesehen ist, an deren stromabwärtigem Ende eine Treibdüse (3) angeschlossen ist, und wobei eine Injektorwindleitung in die Zuleitung für das Injektionsgas oder in die Treibdüse (3) mündet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schachtofen (1) mindestens einen Brenner (4) aufweist, der mit einer Zuleitung für ein gasförmiges Oxidationsmittel und einer Zuleitung für einen flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoff versehen ist.Shaft furnace (1), in particular cupola furnace, for melting a feedstock, wherein a feed line for an oxygen-containing injection gas is provided, at the downstream end of which a motive nozzle (3) is connected, and wherein an injector vent line into the feed line for the injection gas or into the motive nozzle ( 3), characterized in that the shaft furnace (1) has at least one burner (4) which is provided with a supply line for a gaseous oxidizing agent and a supply line for a liquid or gaseous fuel. Schachtofen (1) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Restwindleitung zur Zuführung eines Restwindes in den Schachtofen (1) vorgesehen ist.Shaft furnace (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that a residual draft line for supplying a residual wind in the shaft furnace (1) is provided. Schachtofen (1) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Restwindleitung und die Injektorwindleitung in eine gemeinsame Windleitung münden.Shaft furnace (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the residual draft line and the Injektorwindleitung open into a common wind line. Schachtofen (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuleitungen (3) für das Injektionsgas und die Brenner (4) abwechselnd um den Umfang des Schachtofens (1) angeordnet sind.Shaft furnace (1) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the supply lines (3) for the injection gas and the burner (4) are arranged alternately around the circumference of the shaft furnace (1).
EP09003981.9A 2009-01-29 2009-03-19 Device for melting inset material in a cupola Not-in-force EP2213971B1 (en)

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DE102009006573A DE102009006573A1 (en) 2009-01-29 2009-01-29 Process for melting feedstock in a cupola furnace

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DE102011107326A1 (en) 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Shaft furnace and method of operating the same
US9797023B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2017-10-24 Grede Llc Shaft furnace and method of operating same
RU2755239C1 (en) 2021-03-02 2021-09-14 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭР ЛИКИД" Fuel-oxygen burner for melting furnace, system and method for controlling the ignition and flame control of such burner

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DE1583213A1 (en) 1966-12-16 1970-07-30 Air Reduction Oxygen fuel burners in furnace nozzles
US5346183A (en) * 1992-01-31 1994-09-13 The Boc Group Plc Fumeless cupolas
EP0762068A1 (en) 1995-08-28 1997-03-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for operating an oxygen-consuming metallurgical shaft furnace and shaft furnace for performing said process
EP0793071A2 (en) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 The BOC Group plc Furnace waste gas combustion control
EP1325950A2 (en) * 2002-01-04 2003-07-09 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG Co-current shaft reactor
EP1997915A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for controlled coke burning in cupola furnaces

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SE386660B (en) * 1973-06-18 1976-08-16 Rockwool Ab PROCEDURE FOR MELTING IN A SHAFT OVEN AND A SHAFT OVEN FOR PERFORMANCE OF THE PROCEDURE
DE167915T1 (en) * 1984-06-29 1986-07-03 Daido Tokushuko K.K., Nagoya, Aichi IRON MAKING REACTOR.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1583213A1 (en) 1966-12-16 1970-07-30 Air Reduction Oxygen fuel burners in furnace nozzles
US5346183A (en) * 1992-01-31 1994-09-13 The Boc Group Plc Fumeless cupolas
EP0762068A1 (en) 1995-08-28 1997-03-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for operating an oxygen-consuming metallurgical shaft furnace and shaft furnace for performing said process
EP0793071A2 (en) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 The BOC Group plc Furnace waste gas combustion control
EP1325950A2 (en) * 2002-01-04 2003-07-09 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG Co-current shaft reactor
EP1997915A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for controlled coke burning in cupola furnaces

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US20100186552A1 (en) 2010-07-29
ES2530864T3 (en) 2015-03-06
DE102009006573A1 (en) 2010-08-05
PL2213971T3 (en) 2015-04-30
EP2213971B1 (en) 2014-12-03
US8071013B2 (en) 2011-12-06

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