EP2209883A1 - Passive verdünnungseinheit zur verdünnung von brennstoffen - Google Patents
Passive verdünnungseinheit zur verdünnung von brennstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2209883A1 EP2209883A1 EP08843238A EP08843238A EP2209883A1 EP 2209883 A1 EP2209883 A1 EP 2209883A1 EP 08843238 A EP08843238 A EP 08843238A EP 08843238 A EP08843238 A EP 08843238A EP 2209883 A1 EP2209883 A1 EP 2209883A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- water
- dilution unit
- dilution
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
- H01M8/04194—Concentration measuring cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H3/00—Methods for reducing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverage to obtain low alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages
- C12H3/04—Methods for reducing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverage to obtain low alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages using semi-permeable membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
- H01M8/1013—Other direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a passive dilution unit comprising a flow channel for fuel, wherein the flow channel has at least one window in which a catalyst-provided membrane is mounted.
- diffusive processes for example, atmospheric oxygen can penetrate through the membrane to the Brennstoffström and mediated by the catalyst oxidative processes cause a reaction in which the fuel is oxidized to water. The resulting water is retained directly in the Kraftstoffström and thereby diluted directly the fuel.
- energy applications such as fuel cells, liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, eg alcohols, gasoline, etc., are often used as fuels. These can, for example, be converted directly into electrical energy electrochemically, for example with fuel cells, or further processed to higher-value fuels, for example by reforming to hydrogen.
- Fuel cells are known that resulting product water can be reintroduced into the fuel flow, whereby a necessary dilution with water can be achieved.
- Claim 9 specifies a method for the passive dilution of a fuel
- claims 16 and 17 respectively refer to application units comprising the dilution unit, for example a reformer or a fuel cell.
- claims 16 and 17 respectively refer to application units comprising the dilution unit, for example a reformer or a fuel cell.
- claims 20 applications are called.
- the respective dependent claims represent advantageous developments.
- a dilution unit for the passive dilution of fuels with water, comprising at least one flow channel for fuel, wherein the flow channel is at least partially formed as a phase having at least one catalyst.
- the proposed system is able to dilute highly concentrated fuels, such as alcohols, without the need for mechanically moving components or additional water tanks. This reduces the complexity of the plant, the user only has to fill up the fuel tank with used up fuel and not additionally a water tank. With the invention it is possible to generate locally different water concentrations in the flow direction according to the locally required concentration. For solutions with a separate water tank, only the input concentration can be set, later in
- the fuel dilution is due to the dimensioning the dilution unit itself adjustable.
- the phase advantageously consists of a membrane or of tissue, in which case in particular plastics resistant to the fuel, such as, for example, Polyetheretherketones, e.g. sPEEK or PEEK, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and / or comparable high-temperature resistant or impact-resistant thermoplastics, ceramic materials, coated fabrics, semipermeable membranes, porous membranes and / or ion exchange membranes.
- plastics resistant to the fuel such as, for example, Polyetheretherketones, e.g. sPEEK or PEEK, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and / or comparable high-temperature resistant or impact-resistant thermoplastics, ceramic materials, coated fabrics, semipermeable membranes, porous membranes and / or ion exchange membranes.
- plastics resistant to the fuel such as, for example, Polyetheretherketones, e.g. sPEEK or PEEK, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
- the catalyst is advantageously on the phase, e.g. the membrane or fabric by coating and / or impregnating the phase with the catalyst.
- catalysts used for the oxidation are not subject to any general restriction, but rather the skilled person can select based on his expertise depending on the fuel used.
- catalysts are selected from the group consisting of platinum, tin, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, iron, nickel, rhodium, copper, zinc, chromium and / or alloys and / or
- combinations are understood to mean that one region of the catalyst is formed from one metal or one alloy, while another region consists of another metal or another alloy.
- the catalyst may be formed in particle form, pallet form, as a porous solid or as a network.
- the phase is here in particular designed so that it is diffusively permeable to gases.
- the gases are selected from the group consisting of gaseous oxidants, preferably oxygen or air and / or gaseous reaction products, preferably carbon dioxide, which diffusively penetrates the phase in the direction of the fuel stream, on the other hand, the gases and gaseous reaction products, preferably carbon dioxide which diffuses outward from the fuel flow through the phase.
- phase Another preferred property of the phase is a reduced permeability for water, the fuel and / or the fuel mixture or a vanishingly small, so to speak, no permeability for water.
- the invention likewise provides a method for the passive dilution of a fuel or of a fuel mixture with water, wherein a stream of a concentrated fuel or a concentrated fuel mixture passes by a phase comprising at least one catalyst and at least a portion of the fuel or of the fuel mixture with the phase and the
- Catalyst is contacted, at least one Oxidati - onsffen the phase is supplied via diffusive processes, wherein a portion of the fuel or the fuel mixture is oxidized catalytically under water formation and the water formed in the reaction dilutes the fuel or the fuel mixture.
- the resulting water is thus retained directly in the fuel stream and dissolved or emulsified in this.
- the dilution unit discussed in the foregoing is used.
- Essential to the invention in this case is that in the oxi- dative process resulting water is retarded in Brennstoffström, so it comes to a direct dilution of the fuel stream. This eliminates the fact that, unlike the state of the art, the water has to be metered into the fuel flow via feed lines or water is produced by an oxidative process (eg in a fuel cell), but it is nevertheless added to the fuel flow again by further lines got to.
- the fuel is subject to no particular restriction, except that it can release water by oxidative processes.
- the fuel is selected from the group consisting of liquid and / or gaseous fuels and / or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred examples include: hydrocarbons, e.g. Natural gas, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, methane, ethane, propane, butane, hydrogen, biogas, bio-diesel, vegetable oils; Alcohols, e.g. Methanol, ethanol, denatured alcohols, potable alcohol and / or mixtures thereof.
- the process is carried out in particular in such a way that the fuel mixture is diluted to the stoichiometrically required water content.
- the water content is adjusted by the passive dilution method, as it must correspond to the optimized water content of a subsequent to the dilution unit process, such as a reforming process. It is essential that the water content occupies very specific stoichiometric ratios with respect to the fuel content, in order to be able to realize optimal yields and reaction processes in the subsequent reformer process.
- the fuel further processing or consuming units such as a reformer or a fuel cell are also provided, these units are characterized by the above-described dilution unit.
- Reformers can be used to further process or refine the fuels.
- the fuel cell is characterized in that it has in particular a plurality of individual electrochemical cells and, above all, in that these individual cells are arranged in stacked construction, the dilution unit being integrated in the stack.
- Figure 1 shows the schematic structure of a passive
- FIG. 2 shows a unit further processing the dilute fuel, which unit has the dilution unit 10 downstream of the fuel tank 8 and, subsequently, a process plant.
- a dilution unit based on a separating and one-sided with catalyst-coated phase, eg membrane or fabric, can produce local water.
- the fuel is passed through this unit and an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen, can pass through the separation phase to the fuel (diffused).
- an oxidizing agent such as oxygen
- the separation phase can be passed through the separation phase to the fuel (diffused).
- an oxidizing agent such as oxygen
- the separation phase can pass through the separation phase to the fuel (diffused).
- the fuel-side catalyst layer eg platinum
- gaseous reaction by-products can be redeposited simultaneously by the separating phase.
- the dilution unit is schematically sketched below in FIG. 1:
- the dilution unit 10 has a flow channel 5 for the highly concentrated on the inlet side of fuel 1.
- the wall of the flow channel is formed on one side by the phase 3, the fuel side, the catalyst layer 4.
- Both the phase 3 and the catalyst layer 4 are diffusively permeable to gases.
- oxidizing agents 6, such as atmospheric oxygen to diffuse through the phase to the catalyst layer where they oxidize it to water via an oxidative reaction mediated by the catalyst.
- reaction products 7 formed in the reaction e.g.
- the membranes are here in particular selected from the fuel insensitive plastics, coated fabrics, semi-permeable membranes, porous membranes, ion exchange membranes. In particular, look for the PTFE plastics Nafion ®, Gore Select ®, ® and Flemion fumion ® application fertil.
- This dilution unit can be used in process plants, such as reformers or direct alcohol fuel cells.
- the dilution unit is connected between the fuel tank and the process plant, which requires a diluted fuel.
- a schematic representation can be seen in FIG.
- FIG. Here is a procedural unit for further processing, for example, for refining, or for
- the unit 20 comprises a fuel tank 8 for the pure fuel or the highly concentrated fuel mixture, the dilution unit 10 according to the invention being connected to this tank via a line.
- the exiting, dilute fuel is then added to another unit, which may be, for example, a reformer 21 that serves fuel refinement, or a fuel cell 22 that is specifically run on dilute fuels.
- the proposed dilution unit is advantageous.
- a dilution unit can be integrated into the stack that the unit is positioned in front of the actual electrochemical cell.
- the unit is exposed to the already present oxidants, for example atmospheric oxygen, there is no increased outlay on equipment.
- fuel cell systems incorporating such a unit it is possible to use highly concentrated fuel, even though the electrochemical conversion unit actually requires lower concentrations. This results in a significant advantage for the fuel cell system that no additional water tank must be integrated and that no additional dosing unit is required.
- This structure proposed for stacked fuel cell systems is also transferable to planar fuel cell systems.
- the dilution unit according to the invention thus generally finds use for diluting fuels, in particular in process engineering applications, for example in reforming processes or dilutions of fuel used for combustion in fuel cells.
- process engineering applications for example in reforming processes or dilutions of fuel used for combustion in fuel cells.
- dilution of alcoholic concentrates conceivable.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007050616A DE102007050616B3 (de) | 2007-10-23 | 2007-10-23 | Passive Verdünnungseinheit zur Verdünnung von Brennstoffen |
| PCT/EP2008/008649 WO2009052966A1 (de) | 2007-10-23 | 2008-10-13 | Passive verdünnungseinheit zur verdünnung von brennstoffen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2209883A1 true EP2209883A1 (de) | 2010-07-28 |
Family
ID=40210821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08843238A Withdrawn EP2209883A1 (de) | 2007-10-23 | 2008-10-13 | Passive verdünnungseinheit zur verdünnung von brennstoffen |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100330438A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2209883A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2011502331A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20100089089A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007050616B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009052966A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19850720C2 (de) * | 1998-11-03 | 2001-06-21 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Verfahren zur Regelung der Brennstoffkonzentration in einem Alkohol oder Ether als Brennstoff und Wasser enthaltenden Brennstoffgemisch einer Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzellensystem |
| NO313994B1 (no) * | 2001-03-12 | 2003-01-13 | Due Miljoe As | Våtoksidasjon ved hjelp av en porös katalytisk kontaktor |
| DE10156349B4 (de) * | 2001-11-16 | 2006-01-26 | Ballard Power Systems Ag | Brennstoffzellenanlage |
| US6981877B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2006-01-03 | Mti Microfuel Cells Inc. | Simplified direct oxidation fuel cell system |
| US6989206B2 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2006-01-24 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Water recycling in fuel cell systems |
| US7407721B2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2008-08-05 | Mti Microfuel Cells, Inc. | Direct oxidation fuel cell operating with direct feed of concentrated fuel under passive water management |
| US7452625B2 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2008-11-18 | Oorja Protonics | Water management in a direct methanol fuel cell system |
| DE10348879B4 (de) * | 2003-10-21 | 2007-06-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Brennstoffkonzentration in einem der Anode einer Brennstoffzelle zugeführten, einen Brennstoff enthaltenden Flüssigkeitsstrom und deren Verwendung |
-
2007
- 2007-10-23 DE DE102007050616A patent/DE102007050616B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-10-13 EP EP08843238A patent/EP2209883A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-10-13 KR KR1020107011159A patent/KR20100089089A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-10-13 JP JP2010530306A patent/JP2011502331A/ja active Pending
- 2008-10-13 US US12/734,314 patent/US20100330438A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-10-13 WO PCT/EP2008/008649 patent/WO2009052966A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102007050616B3 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
| WO2009052966A1 (de) | 2009-04-30 |
| KR20100089089A (ko) | 2010-08-11 |
| JP2011502331A (ja) | 2011-01-20 |
| US20100330438A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
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Legal Events
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20100503 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
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| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA MK RS |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: OSZCIPOK, MICHAEL |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20101008 |
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| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20140501 |