EP2208825B1 - Procédé d'installation d'une structure de fondation offshore sur le fond de mer et structure de fondation offshore - Google Patents

Procédé d'installation d'une structure de fondation offshore sur le fond de mer et structure de fondation offshore Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2208825B1
EP2208825B1 EP09000543.0A EP09000543A EP2208825B1 EP 2208825 B1 EP2208825 B1 EP 2208825B1 EP 09000543 A EP09000543 A EP 09000543A EP 2208825 B1 EP2208825 B1 EP 2208825B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foundation structure
driven
sleeves
pile
driving
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Application number
EP09000543.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2208825A1 (fr
Inventor
Ekkehard Overdick
Gerrit Schmitt
Ingo Rennert
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Tractebel Overdick GmbH
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Overdick GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to EP09000543.0A priority Critical patent/EP2208825B1/fr
Priority to DK09000543.0T priority patent/DK2208825T3/en
Priority to PL09000543T priority patent/PL2208825T3/pl
Publication of EP2208825A1 publication Critical patent/EP2208825A1/fr
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Publication of EP2208825B1 publication Critical patent/EP2208825B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/10—Deep foundations
    • E02D27/12—Pile foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for installing an offshore foundation structure on the seabed, which has at least three vertical support legs, wherein the support legs each have a standing in the installed state with a support leg on the seabed cladding tube, wherein the cladding tubes with their support feet on the seabed be placed and then at least partially driven into the ducts Rammpfähle be driven with piling or vibration hammers in the seabed.
  • the invention also relates to an offshore foundation structure having at least three vertical support legs, the support legs each having a standing with a support leg on the seabed cladding tube and an at least Having partially in the cladding tube and driven into the seabed driven pile.
  • the pile hammers are raised several times and rammed for example by their own weight on a suitable ramming the piles.
  • the piling itself is based on customary pile driving technology.
  • the piles are thus driven successively into the seabed.
  • the driving in by vibration ramming by means of vibration hammers is likewise known per se.
  • the driven piles remain at least partially in the ducts so that they hold them.
  • further structures can be installed on the structure so grounded on the seabed.
  • offshore wind turbines are increasingly being considered in this regard in recent years.
  • the known procedure is sound intensive.
  • the sound produced during ramming under water spreads in the water with low absorption losses. This presents an undesirable effect, particularly for animals in the water near the installation site.
  • the known procedure is time consuming.
  • the ducts have to be placed under water, then the piles are inserted through the underwater ducts and then the piling or vibration hammers are installed for the ramming.
  • this is a problem because in a given by the weather conditions small time window a variety of offshore foundation structures for compared to oil or gas rigs smaller wind turbines to install. There is therefore little time available for the installation of a single offshore foundation structure.
  • a composite pile to be buried in the ground is known, formed by connecting the ends of a tubular steel pile and a concrete pile.
  • the tubular steel pile has a circular metal end plate and the concrete pile has a metal cover. In this way damage to the composite pile should be avoided when driving the composite pile into the ground.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a method and a foundation structure of the type mentioned, in which the noise degradation during installation is reduced and the installation time is shortened.
  • the invention solves the problem in that the piles are driven by protruding over the sea level ducts in the seabed.
  • the invention solves the problem in accordance with the fact that the cladding protrude above the sea level in the upstanding state on the seabed.
  • the support legs are placed with their cladding tubes and support feet on the seabed.
  • the ducts protrude beyond the sea level in this state set up on the seabed.
  • the piles are then in the inventive method by the above sea level projecting cladding tubes driven into the seabed. This is done by means of piling hammers or vibration hammers (vibration ramming).
  • the ramming energy generated by the Härnmern is introduced in a conventional manner via suitable Rammkonsolen in the pile to be rammed.
  • the sea level refers to the sea level at sea level (nautical chart zero).
  • the driving piles remain after driving into the seabed in a conventional manner at least over a portion of the length of the ducts in the ducts. They can remain in the cladding tubes in particular over the major part of the length.
  • the piles thus have a much greater length than the ducts, for example, twice or three times the length.
  • the foundation structure according to the invention has at least three support legs.
  • the foundation structure may therefore be a so-called tripode. It may in particular be a double tripode, in an upper and a lower support and Sp Rudkonstrutation are provided for the support legs.
  • Tripod construction allows for thinner piles that reduce the required impact energy and pile-up time.
  • the ramming piles can be installed on land before the maritime installation of the foundation structure, in particular on a production site of the foundation structure. In this way, the time required for installation is reduced because the driven piles at the installation no longer need to be introduced into the ducts.
  • the pre-assembly of the driven piles takes place in this embodiment, ie before the installation of the foundation structure and even before a transport of the foundation structure on the water to the installation site.
  • the ramming piles are at least partially hollow in the use of Rammscommern and have arranged in their interior inner Rammkonsole for ramming with Rammphasemmern.
  • the rammers can be set for driving the piles. Due to the internal hammers, the ramming contact between the hammer and the driven pile takes place within the pile, which further reduces the resulting airborne sound.
  • the pile hammers or vibration hammers can be preassembled in the pile piles before the casing pipes are erected. This reduces installation time on site and at sea. In practice, reductions in installation time of one-third are possible. In addition, the equally sound-intensive set-up time at the installation site at sea is eliminated. Again, the pre-assembly of piling or vibration hammers can be done before the installation of the foundation structure or even before a transport of the foundation structure on the water to the installation site.
  • the driven piles can be driven into the seabed at the same time with the ramming or vibrating hammers that the sound produced during the ramming of the individual driven piles at least partially extinguishes each other. At the same time, it does not have to be called simultaneously in terms of frequency. Rather, the driven piles are hammered clocked in the same period in the seabed that interfere with the individual ramming sound waves destructively interfere with each other. The timing in detail depends in particular on the resulting sound frequencies and the geometric conditions of the foundation structure.
  • the hammers have the same sound frequency phase-adjusted, in particular phase-shifted, meet the piles that, depending on in particular the distance of the sound sources to each other at the location of superposition of the sound waves, a phase shift of the waves of 180 ° if possible, ie destructive interference occurs.
  • a phase shift of the waves of 180 ° if possible, ie destructive interference occurs.
  • a total mutual extinction of the resulting sound waves takes place in the theoretical ideal case. In practice, a significant reduction in noise can be achieved in this way.
  • the cladding tubes can each be provided with a plastic casing surrounding at least part of its length around its outer surface, for example plastic half-thirds or quarter shells arranged on the outer surface of the cladding tubes.
  • the casing can be provided at least for the duration of the pile.
  • Such a plastic formwork further reduces the generation of sound, on the one hand by absorbing the sound waves and on the other hand by stabilizing the piles in the cladding tubes.
  • a large part of the sound produced during the ramming by a bulbous deformation of the driven piles in the piling and a subsequent oscillatory regression of the pile form.
  • This vibration of the pile is by the Plastic cladding also damped.
  • the plastic casing can be removed.
  • the shells can be solved after completion of the pile so that they can float and be used for reuse.
  • a circumferential cavity between the Rammpfählen and the cladding tubes is formed.
  • This cavity may be substantially over the entire length of the cladding tubes, wherein only in the upper and lower region of the cladding guide elements for guiding the ramming piles are arranged in the pile.
  • the cavity may in particular be filled with air, at least during ramming. This can be achieved by means of appropriate seals. This air filling prevents a direct transmission of sound between the driven pile and the cladding tube and thus the at least partially surrounding the cladding water. In addition, local deformations of the pile can be allowed in this way as a result of the piling operation.
  • the cavity may in particular be filled with a plastic foam, at least for the duration of the ramming.
  • a plastic foam improves the soundproofing. It can be permanently formed, so remain after the ramming in the cavity.
  • an otherwise open top of the cladding tube may be sealed with a head cover against the surrounding water.
  • a cover can for example be screwed or welded.
  • a foam for example, a polyurethane foam in question. It may be, for example, a 1- or 2-component foam.
  • Components of a 2-component foam may be: diphenylmethane-4, 4'-diisocyanate, tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, dimethyl ether and optionally propellants.
  • the cavity for the same purpose in particular at least for the duration of ramming be filled with a granulate.
  • Granules in this context refers to any type of particulate material. Suitable granules may be, for example: plastic granules, for example polyurethane foam balls, hollow spheres, LECA, expanded clay or an easily foamable highly air-containing granules. Such granules can be easily removed after completion of the ramming.
  • the cavity can be filled in particular after completion of the ramming with concrete.
  • a concrete or "grout" can be introduced via suitable injection tubes, for example, from the bottom into the cavity, thereby displacing, for example, a granulate contained in the cavity during ramming. This can be collected in a suitable container.
  • the concrete leads to an additional stabilization of the piles in the cladding and thus the overall structure in the well-founded condition.
  • the inventive method and the foundation structure according to the invention are particularly suitable for the installation of offshore wind turbines. Accordingly, it can be provided that a wind turbine is installed on the foundation structure or is installed after completion of the ramming. Especially with wind turbines consists, as explained above, a large time pressure during installation. In particular, often a variety of systems must be installed, with the sound attenuation should be kept to a minimum. Especially with such offshore structures, the invention is advantageous.
  • FIG. 1 an offshore foundation structure 10 according to the invention is shown.
  • the offshore foundation structure 10 has three vertical support legs 12.
  • the support legs 12 each consist of a support leg 14 and also serve as a cladding tube 18 for the later to be installed and rammed piles 44 .
  • the support legs 14 are in a conventional manner trained as so-called mud-mats.
  • the foundation structure 10 further has a central tube 20 which is connected to the support legs 12 via an upper support and expansion structure 22 ("upper bracing") and a lower support and expansion structure 24 ("lower bracing").
  • the central tube 20 has at its upper end a tower flange 26.
  • the tower 30 of a wind turbine shown schematically at 28 is installed in the illustrated example.
  • the wind turbine 28 has an on the tower 30 arranged machine house 32 with a rotor 34 which carries the rotor blades, of which in Fig. 1 only one is shown at 36
  • Below the tower flange 26 has the Central tube 20 a secured by a railing 38 access 40 for an operator in the interior of the central tube and thus the interior of the wind turbine 28.
  • the central tube 20 16 extending submarine cable 42 are passed through the seabed for connection to the electrical unit of the wind turbine 28.
  • the foundation structure 10 is based on guided by the ducts 18 Rammpfähle 44 in the seabed. These are in a conventional manner by means of in Fig. 1 not shown piling or vibration hammers rammed through the ducts 18 into the seabed 16, as shown in Fig. 1 is shown only for the right pile pile 44.
  • the in Fig. 1 Rammpfahl shown on the left 44 is shown in its position before driving into the seabed 16. In this state, the pile pile 44 projects out of the cladding tube 18.
  • the piles are coated on their outer surface with a lubricant. They are about twice as long as the ducts 18.
  • the sea level is shown at normal zero (nautical chart zero).
  • the sea level is shown at a so-called century wave.
  • the sheaths 18 are first connected on land via the support and expansion structure 22, 24 with the central tube 20 and provided with the support legs 14. Subsequently, the Rammpfahle 44 are also preassembled in the cladding tubes 18 on land, so that this as in the left driven pile 44 in Fig. 1 shown, protrude from the ducts 18.
  • star-shaped transport guide 52 of a lattice structure holds at its three outer ends 54 each have a driven pile 44 for the transport, as shown schematically in FIG Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the structure 10 can be lifted with the pre-assembled pile piles 44 and deposited on the seabed 16.
  • the transport guide 52 and the hook 56 are removed prior to installation of the wind turbine 28. They are in Fig. 1 shown for illustrative purposes only.
  • Fig. 1 It can be seen that the cladding tubes 18 protrude in standing up on the seabed 16 state with their topsides 50 above the sea level 46 at normal zero. Now the ramming piles 44 by means of in Fig. 1 Not shown ramming or vibration hammers driven into the seabed 16, while the sound deterioration is minimized for in the surrounding the installation site water living animals, as explained above. The pile piles are thereby driven simultaneously with the piling or vibration hammers in the seabed 16, that extinguished each other at the ramming sound respectively at least partially by destructive interference.
  • the driven pile 44 is hollow at least in its upper region and has a ramming surface 64 arranged in its interior in the illustrated embodiment Example, formed by the top of a striking ring 64 has.
  • the impact ring 64 is supported by brackets 66 on the pile wall.
  • the pile hammers or 68 are already on land before a transport of the foundation structure 10 to the installation on the Water pre-assembled in the ducts.
  • the driving of the ramming piles 44 in the seabed 16 is carried out using commercially available piling or vibration technology, wherein in the case of ramming the ramming energy is introduced via the impact rings 64 in the pile. In this way, the piles 44 are successively driven into the seabed.
  • Fig. 4 is shown a further embodiment, which is largely in Fig. 3 shown embodiment corresponds.
  • a plastic casing 70 formed by two arranged on the outer surface of the cladding plastic half-third or third-quarter shells 72, respectively.
  • polyurethane half-shells 72 are polyurethane half-shells 72.
  • These shells 72 lead to a further reduction of the sound produced during the ramming. They may, for example, have a thickness of 50 mm.
  • the absorption of the resulting sound can be improved.
  • the plastic shells 72 are released after completion of the ramming of the cladding tubes 18 so that they can float on their own and be reused.
  • a further embodiment of a support leg is shown, which is largely the in Fig. 3 corresponds to support leg shown.
  • support leg is in the embodiment according to Fig. 5
  • the cavity 60 filled with a plastic granules 76 which in the detail in Fig. 5 is shown in more detail.
  • the granules 76 are filled into the cavity 60 prior to ramming. It may be, for example, polyurethane foam balls.
  • suitable injection tubes 78 is injected via suitable injection tubes 78 from the bottom into the cavity 60 concrete ("grout") in the cavity 60, wherein the granules 76 is displaced into a provided at the upper end of the cavity 60 annular receptacle 80.
  • the compressed concrete improves the local stability of the foundation structure during operation.
  • a further embodiment of a support leg of the foundation structure 10 according to the invention is shown. Again, this support leg largely corresponds to the in Fig. 3 shown support leg.
  • the cavity 60 filled with a pre-ramming and after ramming remaining plastic foam 82, for example, a polyurethane foam filled. Separate driving guides are not required.
  • the cladding tube 18 according to Fig. 6 at its top a head cover 84 which can be screwed or welded, for example, after completion of the ramming with the cladding tube 18.
  • the noise degradation in the installation of offshore foundation structures can be significantly reduced while minimizing the time required to install at sea.
  • a shortening of the installation time itself also means a reduction of Sound impairment over time. This is a not to be overlooked side-effect, if you have to consider eg the installation of 50 or more wind turbines per wind farm and an annually available installation time window.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé d'installation d'une structure de fondation offshore (10) sur le fond marin (16), qui présente au moins trois jambes d'appui (12) verticales, les jambes d'appui (12) possédant chacune un tube de gainage (18) dressé, dans l'état installé, avec un pied d'appui (14) sur le fond marin (16), dans lequel les tubes de gainage (18) sont placés avec leurs pieds d'appui (14) sur le fond marin (16), et puis des pieux battus (44) situés au moins partiellement dans les tubes de gainage (18) sont enfoncés dans le fond marin (16) avec des marteaux batteurs ou vibreurs (68),
    les pieux battus (44) étant enfoncés dans le fond marin (16) par des tubes de gainage (18) dépassant du niveau de la mer (46), caractérisé en ce qu'une cavité (60) périphérique est formée respectivement entre les pieux battus (44) et les tubes de gainage (18) par des joints d'étanchéité au moins sur une partie de la longueur des tubes de gainage (18), la cavité (60) étant remplie, au moins pendant le battage, avec de l'air ou une mousse de matière synthétique ou des granulés.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les pieux battus (44) sont montés déjà à terre avant l'installation en mer de la structure de fondation offshore (10), en particulier à un site de fabrication de la structure de fondation offshore (10).
  3. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les pieux battus (44), en cas d'utilisation de marteaux batteurs, sont constitués de façon au moins partiellement creuse, et en ce que les marteaux batteurs (68) sont, pour l'enfoncement des pieux battus (44), placés respectivement sur une console de battage (64) située à l'intérieur et disposée dans l'espace intérieur des pieux battus (44).
  4. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les marteaux batteurs ou vibreurs (68) sont pré-montés dans les pieux battus (44) avant la mise en place des tubes de gainage (18).
  5. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pieux battus (44) sont enfoncés avec les marteaux batteurs ou vibreurs (68) simultanément dans le fond marin (16) de telle sorte que les sons produits lors du battage des différents pieux battus (44) s'éliminent mutuellement au moins partiellement.
  6. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tubes de gainage (18) sont, au moins pendant la durée du battage, munis respectivement d'un revêtement en matière synthétique entourant leur surface extérieure au moins sur une partie de leur longueur, en particulier des moitiés de coque, tiers de coque, quarts de coque en matière synthétique (72) disposés sur la surface extérieure des tubes de gainage (18).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement en matière synthétique (72) est enlevé une fois le battage terminé.
  8. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les granulés (76) sont enlevés une fois le battage terminé.
  9. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la cavité (60) est remplie de béton une fois le battage terminé.
  10. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une éolienne (28) est installée sur la structure de fondation (10) une fois le battage terminé.
  11. Structure de fondation offshore, qui présente au moins trois jambes d'appui (12) verticales, les jambes d'appui (12) présentant chacune un tube de gainage (18) dressé avec un pied d'appui (14) sur le fond marin (16) et un pieu battu (44) situé au moins partiellement dans le tube de gainage (18) et enfoncé dans le fond marin (16),
    les tubes de gainage (18) dépassant du niveau de la mer (46) dans l'état dressé sur le fond marin (16), caractérisée en ce que respectivement une cavité (60) périphérique est formée, par des joints d'étanchéité, entre les pieux battus (44) et les tubes de gainage (18) au moins sur une partie de la longueur des tubes de gainage (18), la cavité (60) étant remplie d'air ou d'une mousse de matière synthétique ou de granulés.
  12. Structure de fondation selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les pieux battus (44), en cas d'utilisation de marteaux batteurs, sont constitués au moins partiellement de façon creuse et possèdent, pour le battage avec des marteaux batteurs (68), une console de battage (64) située à l'intérieur et disposée dans l'espace intérieur des pieux battus (44).
  13. Structure de fondation selon une des revendications 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce que les tubes de gainage (18) sont munis respectivement d'un revêtement en matière synthétique (72) entourant leur surface extérieure au moins sur une partie de leur longueur, en particulier des moitiés de coque, tiers de coque, quarts de coque en matière synthétique (72) disposés sur la surface extérieure des tubes de gainage (18).
  14. Structure de fondation selon une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisée en ce qu'une éolienne (28) est installée sur la structure de fondation (10).
EP09000543.0A 2009-01-16 2009-01-16 Procédé d'installation d'une structure de fondation offshore sur le fond de mer et structure de fondation offshore Active EP2208825B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09000543.0A EP2208825B1 (fr) 2009-01-16 2009-01-16 Procédé d'installation d'une structure de fondation offshore sur le fond de mer et structure de fondation offshore
DK09000543.0T DK2208825T3 (en) 2009-01-16 2009-01-16 A method of installing an offshore foundation structure on a seabed as well as offshore foundation structure
PL09000543T PL2208825T3 (pl) 2009-01-16 2009-01-16 Sposób instalacji morskiej struktury fundamentowej na dnie morza i morska struktura fundamentowa

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09000543.0A EP2208825B1 (fr) 2009-01-16 2009-01-16 Procédé d'installation d'une structure de fondation offshore sur le fond de mer et structure de fondation offshore

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EP2208825A1 EP2208825A1 (fr) 2010-07-21
EP2208825B1 true EP2208825B1 (fr) 2014-10-29

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2558647B1 (fr) * 2010-05-28 2017-11-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Structure de fondation en mer, fondation en mer utilisant une telle structure et procédé d'installation d'une fondation en mer
EP2420623A3 (fr) * 2010-08-20 2014-03-19 JADE Werke GmbH Structure de base pour une éolienne offshore (structure de base en sandwich)
DE212012000017U1 (de) 2011-10-17 2013-06-06 Osk-Shiptech A/S Vorrichtung zur Verringerung von Schallschwingungen in einer Flüssigkeit
CN103015445B (zh) * 2012-12-19 2015-10-21 江苏龙源振华海洋工程有限公司 浅海域风电场无过渡段单桩基础施工和风机设备安装工艺
CN108331007A (zh) * 2018-05-17 2018-07-27 中能电力科技开发有限公司 一种用于海上风电大功率机组的基础结构及安装方法

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57193622A (en) * 1981-05-22 1982-11-29 Kubota Ltd Driving method of composite pile and used composite pile therefor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995900A (en) 1954-10-25 1961-08-15 William A Hunsucker Portable marine structure
US2940265A (en) 1956-01-30 1960-06-14 Shell Oil Co Offshore platform and method of erecting the same
US3348382A (en) 1965-04-21 1967-10-24 Pan American Petroleum Corp Offshore platform for ice conditions

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57193622A (en) * 1981-05-22 1982-11-29 Kubota Ltd Driving method of composite pile and used composite pile therefor

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DK2208825T3 (en) 2015-02-09
PL2208825T3 (pl) 2015-06-30

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