Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/042—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
  • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
  • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
  • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides
  • C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
  • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
  • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
  • C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a lubricating composition
• a lubricating composition comprising a base oil, in particular a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils in lubricating compositions such as engine oils, transmission fluids, and industrial lubricants results in various performance benefits.
• performance benefits by the use of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils mentioned in the above article are: improved oxidation properties, improved engine cleanliness, improved wear protection, improved emissions and improved aftertreatment device compatibility.
• the Fischer-Tropsch base oils allow to formulate low-viscosity energy conserving formulations.
• EP 2 159 275 discloses the use of a lubricating composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil in order to improve anti-oxidation properties, in particular as determined by HPDSC according to ASTM D 6186-08 and/or the ROBO test according to ASTM D 7528-09.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils when included in crankcase lubricants for crankcase engine operation, exhibit a reduced fuel dilution effect in the lubricant.
• the crankcase When the crankcase is cool, as during warm up, it can act as a condenser for piston blow-by gases which will contain some non-combusted fuel. This condensed fuel then dissolves and dilutes the lubricant. Also when an engine is being operated under high load conditions with associated greater blow-by, then fuel dilution of the lubricant is likely to be greater. Normally, most of the hydrocarbon components of non-combusted fuel volatilize off under normal operating temperatures.
• platformate which is used as a blending component in gasoline to improve octane rating of the fuel, may permanently partition into the lubricant because it is a heavy aromatic component. This will cause the used gasoline engine oil to become more toxic because of enhanced PCA (poly cyclic aromatics) content from the platformate.
• PCA poly cyclic aromatics
• diesel engines which may use bio components (ester-based) in the diesel fuel, there can be a permanent partitioning of non-volatile fuel-derived ester components into the base oil of the lubricant. This can subsequently lead to the problems of lubricant gellation and engine damage.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are essentially pure iso-paraffinc base oils with low solvency, they will thus show a lower tendency to absorb polar species such as platformate and ester in the first place - and a greater tendency to reject these components upon raising the lubricant to operating temperature thereby exhibiting a reduced fuel dilution effect in the lubricant.
• catalytically dewaxed Fischer-Tropsch derived heavy base oils having a residual wax haze can be used in (e.g. marine SAE 50) cylinder lubricants without technical or aesthetic deficit.
• "heavy base oils” mean base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 14 cSt such as about 15 cSt.
• a base oil having a residual wax haze can be defined as a base oil having a cloud point of at least 15°C.
• the lubricating compositions according to the present invention exhibit improved piston deposit formation properties, in particular as determined according to ASTM D 7097-09.
• the composition has a TBN value of above 4.0, more preferably above 5.5, even more preferably above 6.0 mg KOH/g, yet even more preferably above 7.0 mg KOH/g as determined according to ASTM D 2896.
• the composition has a TBN value of below 40, preferably below 20.0, more preferably below 15.0, even more preferably below 12.0 mg KOH/g.
• base oil used in lubricating composition according to the present invention there are no particular limitations regarding the base oil used in lubricating composition according to the present invention, and various conventional mineral oils, synthetic oils as well as naturally derived esters such as vegetable oils may be conveniently used, provided that at least a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil or a poly-alpha olefin (PAO) base oil is present.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil or a poly-alpha olefin (PAO) base oil is present.
• the base oil used in the present invention may conveniently comprise mixtures of one or more mineral oils and/or one or more synthetic oils; thus, according to the present invention, the term "base oil” may refer to a mixture containing more than one base oil.
• Mineral oils include liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oil of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrofinishing processes and/or dewaxing.
• Suitable base oils for use in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are Group I, Group II, Group III mineral base oils, Group IV poly-alpha olefins (PAOs), Group III Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof.
• Group I Group II
• Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived is meant that a base oil is, or is derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process.
• a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids) base oil.
• Suitable Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils that may be conveniently used as the base oil in the lubricating composition of the present invention are those as for example disclosed in EP 0 776 959 , EP 0 668 342 , WO 97/21788 , WO 00/15736 , WO 00/14188 , WO 00/14187 , WO 00/14183 , WO 00/14179 , WO 00/08115 , WO 99/41332 , EP 1 029 029 , WO 01/18156 and WO 01/57166 .
• Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs), dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy isomerates.
• hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs), dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy isomerates.
• Synthetic hydrocarbon base oils sold by the Shell Group under the designation "Shell XHVI" (trade mark) may be conveniently used.
• Poly-alpha olefin base oils PAOs
• Preferred poly-alpha olefin base oils that may be used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention may be derived from linear C 2 to C 32 , preferably C 6 to C 16 , alpha olefins.
• Particularly preferred feedstocks for said poly-alpha olefins are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and 1-tetradecene.
• the base oil as used in the lubricating composition according to the present invention comprises at least a base oil selected from the group consisting of a poly-alpha olefin base oil and a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil or a combination thereof.
• the base oil contains more than 50 wt.%, preferably more than 60 wt.%, more preferably more than 70 wt.%, even more preferably more than 80 wt.%. most preferably more than 90 wt.% Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
• not more than 5 wt.%, preferably not more than 2 wt.%, of the base oil is not a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
• the total amount of base oil incorporated in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably present in an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt.%, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 65 to 90 wt.% and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 70 to 85 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the composition comprises a detergent.
• a detergent used in the lubricating composition according to the present invention, and various conventional detergents may be used.
• detergents include oil-soluble neutral and overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates and naphthenates and other oil-soluble carboxylates of a metal, particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium, and in particular calcium and magnesium.
• Preferred metal detergents are neutral and overbased detergents having a TBN (Total Base Number; according to ASTM D2896) of from 20 to 450 mg KOH/g.
• the detergent has a TBN value below 500 mg KOH/g, such as in the range of from 60 to 350, preferably below 240 mg KOH/g, more preferably below 200 mg KOH/g. Combinations of detergents, whether overbased or neutral or both, may be used.
• the detergent, or mixture of detergents is present in the lubricating composition according to the present invention in an amount of from 0.01 to 9.0 wt.%, preferably from 1.0 to 6.0 wt.%, more preferably from 3.5 to 5.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fully formulated lubricating oil composition.
• the detergent is a salicylate-type detergent.
• suitable salicylate-type detergents include the products available from Infineum under the trade designations "Infineum C9012", “Infineum M7101” “Infineum M7102”, “Infineum M7105”, “Infineum M7121” and “Infineum M7125”.
• the composition comprises an amine compound.
• amine compound used in the lubricating composition according to the present invention, and various conventional amine compounds may be used.
• suitable amine compounds include monamines, diamines, and polyamines.
• diphenylamine (DPA) compounds are known in the art and widely commercially available.
• suitable diphenylamines and phenyl-alpha-naphthylamines include, but are not limited to, diphenylamine (DPA), butyldiphenylamine, dibutyldiphenylamine, octyldiphenylamine, dioctyldiphenylamine, nonyldiphenylamine, dinonyldiphenylamine, heptyldiphenylamine, diheptyldiphenylamine, methylstyryldiphenylamine, mixed butyl/octyl alkylated diphenylamines, mixed butyl/styryl alkylated diphenylamines, mixed nonyl/ethyl alkylated diphenylamines, mixed octyl/styryl alkylamine
• diphenylamines and phenyl-naphthylamines are available from CIBA Speciality Chemicals under the trade designations Irganox L-06 and Irganox L-57; from Chemtura under the trade designations Naugalube AMS, Naugalube 438, Naugalube 438R, Naugalube 438L, Naugalube 640, Naugalube 680, Naugalube APAN and Naugard PANA; from R.T.
• Vanderbilt Company, Inc under the trade designations Vanlube DND, Vanlube NA, Vanlube PNA, Vanlube SL, Vanlube SLHP, Vanlube SS, Vanlube 81, Vanlube 848, and Vanlube 849; from Albemarle under the trade designation AN-1225.
• the amine compounds are present in an amount in the range of from 0.1 to 10.0 wt.%, preferably from 0.1 to 5.0 wt.%, more preferably from 0.2 to 4.0 wt.%, most preferably from 0.3 to 1.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the fully formulated lubricating oil composition.
• the aromatic amine compound is a diphenylamine having the general formula (I) wherein each R is independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably from 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
• the lubricating composition according to the present invention may further comprise one or more additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, overbased detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, seal compatibility agents and additive diluent base oils, etc.
• additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, overbased detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, seal compatibility agents and additive diluent base oils, etc.
• additives are typically present in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 35.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.05 to 25.0 wt.%, more preferably from 1.0 to 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the lubricating compositions of the present invention may be conveniently prepared by admixing the one or more additives with the base oil(s).
• the composition has a soap content of from 18 to 26 mM, preferably from 20 to 24 mM, more preferably from 20 to 23 mM.
• the composition comprises at least 1.0 wt.% of a PIB succinimide compound, based on the total weight of the composition.
• PIB succinimide compounds are known as dispersant additives in the art of PCMO and HDDEO engine oils and therefore not further described here; suitable PIB succinimides can be obtained from e.g. Infineum International Ltd (Abingdon, UK).
• the composition comprises less than 12.0 wt.% of the PIB succinimide, preferably less than 10.0 wt.%, more preferably less than 9.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the composition comprises at least 5.0 wt.% of the PIB succinimide, based on the total weight of the composition.
• SAPS sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur
• mid SAPS sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur
• regular SAPS regular SAPS
• the lubricating composition may meet the above SAPS ranges for engine oils, even if the lubricating composition is intended for a different application.
• the lubricating composition may meet certain industry standards such as SAE J300 Specifications (as revised in January 2009).
• SAE J300 0W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40 and 10W-40 crankcase engine oils, preferably those of 10W-40.
• SAE stands for Society of Automotive Engineers.
• composition has:
• the lubricating composition according to the present invention may be used in various applications, such as in internal combustion engines (as an engine oil), as a transmission oil, a grease, a hydraulic oil, a turbine oil, compressor oil, etc.
• the present invention provides the use of a lubricating composition as described herein, in order to improve deposit reduction properties, in particular as determined according to ASTM D 7097-09.
• Base oil 1 was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx. 3.9 cSt (mm 2 s -1 ).
• Base oil 1 may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO-A-02/070631 , the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Base oil 2 (or “BO2”) was a commercially available Group III base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx. 4.3 cSt.
• Base oil 2 is commercially available from e.g. SK Energy (Ulsan, South Korea) under the trade designation "Yubase 4".
• Base oil 1 (GTL 4) Base oil 2 (Yubase 4) Kinematic viscosity at 40°C 1 [cSt] 16.91 19.49 Kinematic viscosity at 100°C 1 [cSt] 3.90 4.26 VI Index 2 127 126 Pour point 3 [°C] -39 -18 Noack volatility 4 [wt.%] 12.2 14.2 Saturates 5 [wt.%] 99.2 99.3 Dynamic viscosity at -20°C 6 [cP] n.d.
• Blank 2 (with 0.05 wt.% A0) at 280°C - - - 6.4 0.5 Blank 2 (with 0.05 wt.% A0) at 290°C - - - 1.0 n.d.
• Table 5 indicates the composition of the lubricating compositions that were tested (Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2); the amounts of the components are given in wt.%, based on the total weight of the compositions.
• Base oil 3 was a commercially available Group I base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx. 31.6 cSt (mm 2 s -1 ). Base oil 3 is commercially available from e.g. Shell Canada Products, (Brockville, Ontario, Canada) under the trade designation "HVI 650".
• Base oil 4" was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil ("GTL 8") having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx. 8 cSt (mm 2 s -1 ).
• This GTL base oil may be conveniently manufactured similar to the process as described in e.g. WO 02/070631 , the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• CH-5" was a poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative, commercially available from Shanghai Sanzheng Polymer Company under the trade designation "CH-5".
• CH-5" has a TBN value of approximately 2.0 mg.KOH/g, as measured by ASTM D 4739.
• CH-5" has a sulphur content of approximately 0.86 wt.%, as measured by ICP-AES.
• Syn-O-Ad 8485 was a product commercially available from Supresta (Akzo Nobel; Amersfoort, The Netherlands) under the trade designation "Syn-O-Ad 8485".
• Syn-O-Ad 8485 contains a mixture of triaryl esters including up to 60 wt.% trialkylated triaryl phosphate esters.
• the “Additive package” (the same in all SAE J1899 (Grade 50) formulations) contained a conventional combination of additives including a phenolic anti-oxidant, a viscosity modifier, a pour point depressant, a triazole-type corrosion inhibitor, a glycerol mono-oleate type friction modifier and an antifoam agent.
• compositions of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were obtained by mixing the base oils with the additive package and other additives using conventional lubricant blending procedures.
• Table 5 Component [wt.%] Comp. Ex. 1 Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Base oil 3 (Group I) 69.8 53.8 67.6 52.2 Base oil 4 (GTL 8) - 41.0 - 39.7 Base oil 5 (GTL 5) 25.0 - 24.3 - "CH-5" product - - 3.0 3.0 "Syn-O-Ad 8485" product 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Additive package 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
• compositions according to the present invention having a TBN value of from 3.5 to 70 mg KOH/g and a soap content of 15 to 30 mM in a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil (Base oil 1) are improved when compared with the same formulations based on a mineral derived base oil (Base oil 2).

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• 2010
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