EP2180251A1 - Durchlaufdampferzeuger - Google Patents
Durchlaufdampferzeuger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2180251A1 EP2180251A1 EP08015863A EP08015863A EP2180251A1 EP 2180251 A1 EP2180251 A1 EP 2180251A1 EP 08015863 A EP08015863 A EP 08015863A EP 08015863 A EP08015863 A EP 08015863A EP 2180251 A1 EP2180251 A1 EP 2180251A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- combustion chamber
- steam generator
- gas
- evaporator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
- F22B29/08—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating with fixed point of final state of complete evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B19/00—Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially vertical arrangement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
- F22B29/067—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating at critical or supercritical pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a continuous steam generator having a combustion chamber with a number of burners for fossil fuel, the heating gas side in a top region via a horizontal gas is followed by a vertical gas train, the Um chargedswand the combustion chamber in a lower region of gas-tight welded together, a Wasserabscheidesystem flow medium side upstream evaporator tubes and in an upper region of gas-tight welded together, the Wasserabscheidesystem flow medium side downstream superheater tubes is formed.
- a fossil-fueled steam generator the energy of a fossil fuel is used to generate superheated steam, which can then be supplied to power a steam turbine, for example, in a power plant.
- steam temperatures and pressures steam generators are usually designed as a water tube boiler, d. h., The supplied water flows in a number of tubes which receive the energy in the form of radiant heat of the burner flames and / or by convection of the resulting during combustion flue gas.
- the steam generator tubes usually form the combustion chamber wall by being welded together in gas-tight fashion.
- the combustion chamber downstream side of the combustion chamber arranged Dampfampfererrohe can be provided in the exhaust duct.
- Fossil fueled steam generators can be categorized by a variety of criteria: Steam generators may generally be designed as natural, forced circulation or continuous flow steam generators. In a continuous steam generator, the heating of a number of evaporator tubes leads to a complete Evaporation of the flow medium in the evaporator tubes in one go.
- the flow medium - usually water - is supplied to the evaporator tubes downstream superheater tubes after its evaporation and overheated there.
- this description is only valid for partial loads with subcritical pressure of water (P Kri ⁇ 221 bar) - where at no temperature water and steam can occur simultaneously and thus no phase separation is possible - valid in the evaporator. For the sake of clarity, however, this illustration will be used throughout the following description.
- the position of the evaporation end point ie the location at which the water content of the flow is completely evaporated, is variable and mode-dependent.
- the evaporation end point is, for example, in an end region of the evaporator tubes, so that the overheating of the evaporated flow medium already begins in the evaporator tubes.
- a continuous steam generator In contrast to a natural or forced circulation steam generator, a continuous steam generator is not subject to any pressure limitation, so that it can be designed for live steam pressures far above the critical pressure of water.
- such a continuous steam generator is usually operated with a minimum flow of flow medium in the evaporator tubes in order to ensure reliable cooling of the evaporator tubes.
- the pure mass flow through the evaporator usually no longer suffices for cooling the evaporator tubes, so that an additional throughput of flow medium is superimposed on the passage of flow medium through the evaporator in circulation.
- the operationally provided minimum flow of flow medium in the evaporator tubes is thus not completely evaporated during startup or during low load operation in the evaporator tubes, so that in such an operating mode at the end of the evaporator tubes still unevaporated flow medium, in particular a water-vapor mixture, is present.
- the evaporator tubes of the continuous steam generator are usually designed for a flow through unvaporised flow medium after passing through the combustion chamber walls, continuous steam generators are usually designed so that even when starting and in low load operation, a water ingress into the superheater tubes is reliably avoided.
- the evaporator tubes are usually connected to the superheater tubes connected downstream via a Wasserabscheidesystem.
- the water separator causes a separation of the emerging during the start or in low load operation of the evaporator tubes water-steam mixture in water and in steam.
- the steam is supplied to the water separator downstream superheater tubes, whereas the separated water can be fed back to the evaporator tubes, for example via a circulating pump or discharged through a decompressor.
- steam generators may continue to be classified, for example, into vertical and horizontal types.
- a draw-in and two-pass boiler are distinguished.
- the flue gas produced by the combustion in the combustion chamber always flows vertically from bottom to top. All arranged in the flue gas heating surfaces are flue gas side above the combustion chamber. Tower boilers offer a comparatively simple construction and easy control of the stresses caused by the thermal expansion of the tubes. Furthermore, all heating surfaces of the arranged in the flue gas duct steam generator tubes are horizontal and therefore completely drainable, which may be desirable in frost-prone environments.
- a steam generator designed as a two-pass boiler usually the walls of the first draft, i. H. the combustion chamber completely switched as an evaporator.
- the evaporator tubes flow medium side downstream Wasserabscheidesystem is accordingly arranged at the upper end of the combustion chamber.
- the evaporator heating surfaces must be sufficiently cooled over the entire load range of the steam generator.
- the mass flow required for cooling must be safely supplied to each individual tube.
- the occurring stresses due to the thermal expansion of the individual pipes between adjacent pipes must not exceed the permissible values.
- the temperatures of the flow medium are to be limited both in the absolute height and in the difference to the adjacent tubes, otherwise damage to the combustion chamber walls could arise.
- mixing points can be used in the combustion chamber walls connected as evaporators.
- the flow medium is discharged from the evaporator tubes, mixed and redistributed to the other evaporator tubes.
- Such a system must be designed behind the mixing point for a uniform distribution of a water and vapor mixture.
- Such a construction is accordingly technically complex and brings a significant increase in manufacturing costs.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a continuous steam generator of the type mentioned above, which has a particularly long life in a relatively simple construction.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in that the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes is arranged essentially horizontally around the combustion chamber in the region of the bottom of the horizontal gas flue.
- the invention is based on the consideration that a comparatively long service life would be achievable with a simultaneously simple construction if comparatively low temperature imbalances in the steam generator tubes could be achieved without arranging an additional mixing point in the evaporator tubes.
- the water separator system present in the steam generator also collects the water leaving the evaporator tubes in circulation operation and separates it from the steam. In continuous operation, the incoming steam is mixed and distributed to the flow medium side downstream superheater tubes. At the same time, temperature imbalances are considerably reduced. Based on the knowledge that the water separation system thus fundamentally fulfills the function of a mixing point, it can thus be used as a mixing point within the combustion chamber wall by lowering it, for example into the region of the bottom of the horizontal gas flue, without the need for an additional mixing system.
- this position of the water separation system ensures that the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes is arranged substantially horizontally around the combustion chamber in the region of the bottom of the horizontal gas flue.
- the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes is arranged substantially horizontally around the combustion chamber at the height of the edge formed by the surrounding wall and bottom of the horizontal gas flue.
- all welded to the tubes of the walls of the horizontal gas flue tubes of the combustion chamber are also designed as superheater tubes.
- evaporator and superheater tubes were welded in parallel at this point. This is particularly problematic when hot starting the steam generator, as occur by filling the evaporator tubes with cold flow medium significant temperature differences to the unfilled superheater tubes.
- the Wasserabscheidesystems in the height of the edge formed by the combustion chamber wall and the bottom of the horizontal gas flue occurs such a vertical separation point no longer and it is an overall safer operation of the steam generator at the same time comparatively long life achieved.
- In Zweizugdampferzeugern may be inclined inwardly to the improvement of the gas flow facing the vertical gas part of the Um chargedswand below the horizontal gas and thus form a projecting into the combustion chamber nose with the bottom of the adjacent horizontal gas.
- the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes is advantageously arranged substantially horizontally around the combustion chamber directly above the nose.
- the bottom of the horizontal gas flue is gas-tight welded together, the Wasserabscheidesystem flow medium side upstream evaporator tubes formed.
- the bottom of the horizontal gas flue is in fact suitable for being designed as an additional evaporator heating surface, since its tubes are not welded parallel to the vertically bored, connected as superheater walls of the horizontal gas flue and therefore the stresses remain relatively low due to the different thermal expansion.
- the advantages associated with the invention are in particular that by the arrangement of the boundary between the areas of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes substantially horizontally surrounding the combustion chamber in the region of the bottom of the horizontal gas flue double use of Wasserabscheidesystems as a mixing point to reduce temperature differences between parallel Pipes becomes possible. Furthermore, one of the main drawbacks in Zweizugkessel, namely the vertical separation point between Wandsammlung vom, which are connected as evaporators and those that are connected as a superheater eliminated. This can be achieved by avoiding such voltages, a total safer operation and a longer life of the steam generator especially at the hot start of the steam generator, in which occur at this separation point high temperature differences and voltages when filling the evaporator tubes with comparatively cold flow medium.
- FIG. 1 An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing.
- the figure shows a continuous steam generator in Zweizugbauweise in a schematic representation.
- the continuous steam generator 1 according to the figure comprises a combustion chamber 2 designed as a vertical gas train, which is followed by a horizontal gas train 6 in an upper region 4. At the horizontal gas train 6, another vertical gas train 8 connects.
- a number not shown burner is provided which burn a liquid or solid fuel in the combustion chamber.
- the surrounding wall 12 of the combustion chamber 2 is formed from steam generator tubes which are welded together in a gastight manner and into which a flow medium, usually water, is pumped in by a pump (not shown in greater detail), which is heated by the heat generated by the burners.
- the steam generator tubes can be aligned either spirally or vertically. In a helical arrangement, a comparatively higher design effort is required, but the resulting imbalances between parallel connected pipes are comparatively lower than in the case of a perpendicularly annealed combustion chamber 2.
- the steam generator tubes in the lower part 10 of the combustion chamber 2 are designed as evaporator tubes.
- the flow medium is first evaporated in them and fed via pipes 14 to a Wasserabscheidesystem not shown in detail.
- not yet evaporated water is collected and removed.
- the generated steam is conducted into the walls of the combustion chamber 2 and distributed to the superheater tubes arranged in the upper region 4 and in the walls of the horizontal gas flue 6.
- Such a separation not yet evaporated water is necessary in particular during start-up operation, if for safe cooling of the evaporator tubes larger amount of flow medium must be pumped, as can be evaporated in an evaporator tube run.
- the continuous steam generator 1 shown further comprises for improving the flue gas duct a nose 16, which merges directly into the bottom 18 of the horizontal gas flue 6 and projects into the combustion chamber 2. Furthermore, a grid 20 is arranged from further superheater tubes in the transition region from the combustion chamber 2 to the horizontal gas flue 6 in the flue gas duct.
- the boundary 22 between evaporator tubes and superheater tubes at the level of the bottom 18 of the horizontal gas flue 6 is located directly above the nose 16.
- the Wasserabscheidesystem not only acts as a separator in the start-up but also in continuous operation as a mixing point, since in the Wasserabscheidesystem the entire flow medium collected from the evaporator tubes, mixed and redistributed to the superheater tubes.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08015863A EP2180251A1 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2008-09-09 | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
DK09782426.2T DK2324286T3 (da) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | Gennemløbsdampgenerator |
JP2011525521A JP5225469B2 (ja) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | 貫流ボイラ |
CN200980135065.4A CN102149968B (zh) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | 直流式锅炉 |
AU2009290998A AU2009290998B2 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | Continuous steam generator |
EP09782426.2A EP2324286B1 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
PL09782426T PL2324286T3 (pl) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | Przepływowa przetwornica pary |
US13/062,704 US20110203536A1 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | Continuous steam generator |
PCT/EP2009/061239 WO2010028978A2 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08015863A EP2180251A1 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2008-09-09 | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2180251A1 true EP2180251A1 (de) | 2010-04-28 |
Family
ID=41796032
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08015863A Withdrawn EP2180251A1 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2008-09-09 | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
EP09782426.2A Active EP2324286B1 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09782426.2A Active EP2324286B1 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-01 | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110203536A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2180251A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5225469B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102149968B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009290998B2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2324286T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2324286T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010028978A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2182278A1 (de) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-05-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
EP2213936A1 (de) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-08-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
DE102013215457A1 (de) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Durchlaufdampferzeuger in Zweizugkesselbauweise |
US10429062B2 (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-10-01 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace |
US10415819B2 (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-09-17 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | High temperature sub-critical boiler with common steam cooled wall between furnace and convection pass |
Citations (6)
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US3288117A (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1966-11-29 | Combustion Eng | Arrangement of tube circuits in supercritical forced through-flow vapor generator |
EP0308728A1 (de) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers |
US5787844A (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1998-08-04 | Ahlstrom Machinery Oy | Economizer system |
DE19717158A1 (de) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-11-05 | Siemens Ag | Durchlaufdampferzeuger und Verfahren zum Anfahren eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers |
EP0884526A1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1998-12-16 | Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha | Boiler |
EP1188986A2 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-03-20 | Kvaerner Pulping Oy | Arrangement in recovery boiler |
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US2170345A (en) * | 1935-12-18 | 1939-08-22 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Vapor generator |
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EP2180250A1 (de) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-04-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Durchlaufdampferzeuger |
-
2008
- 2008-09-09 EP EP08015863A patent/EP2180251A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-09-01 JP JP2011525521A patent/JP5225469B2/ja active Active
- 2009-09-01 CN CN200980135065.4A patent/CN102149968B/zh active Active
- 2009-09-01 DK DK09782426.2T patent/DK2324286T3/da active
- 2009-09-01 US US13/062,704 patent/US20110203536A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-01 WO PCT/EP2009/061239 patent/WO2010028978A2/de active Application Filing
- 2009-09-01 PL PL09782426T patent/PL2324286T3/pl unknown
- 2009-09-01 EP EP09782426.2A patent/EP2324286B1/de active Active
- 2009-09-01 AU AU2009290998A patent/AU2009290998B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3288117A (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1966-11-29 | Combustion Eng | Arrangement of tube circuits in supercritical forced through-flow vapor generator |
EP0308728A1 (de) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers |
US5787844A (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1998-08-04 | Ahlstrom Machinery Oy | Economizer system |
EP0884526A1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1998-12-16 | Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha | Boiler |
DE19717158A1 (de) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-11-05 | Siemens Ag | Durchlaufdampferzeuger und Verfahren zum Anfahren eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers |
EP1188986A2 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-03-20 | Kvaerner Pulping Oy | Arrangement in recovery boiler |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5225469B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
EP2324286B1 (de) | 2013-04-17 |
DK2324286T3 (da) | 2013-05-13 |
CN102149968B (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
PL2324286T3 (pl) | 2013-09-30 |
AU2009290998A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
JP2012502248A (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
CN102149968A (zh) | 2011-08-10 |
EP2324286A2 (de) | 2011-05-25 |
WO2010028978A2 (de) | 2010-03-18 |
WO2010028978A3 (de) | 2010-06-17 |
AU2009290998B2 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
US20110203536A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
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