US20110203536A1 - Continuous steam generator - Google Patents

Continuous steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110203536A1
US20110203536A1 US13/062,704 US200913062704A US2011203536A1 US 20110203536 A1 US20110203536 A1 US 20110203536A1 US 200913062704 A US200913062704 A US 200913062704A US 2011203536 A1 US2011203536 A1 US 2011203536A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
combustion chamber
gas duct
steam generator
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/062,704
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Effert
Joachim Franke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FRANKE, JOACHIM, EFFERT, MARTIN
Publication of US20110203536A1 publication Critical patent/US20110203536A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/08—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating with fixed point of final state of complete evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B19/00—Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially vertical arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/067—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating at critical or supercritical pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a once-though (“continuous”) steam generator with a combustion chamber having a number of burners for fossil fuel, downstream of which a vertical gas duct is mounted in an upper region on the hot gas side above a horizontal gas duct, the surrounding wall of the combustion chamber being aimed, in a lower region, from evaporator tubes welded together in a gas-tight manner and mounted upstream of a moisture separation system on the flow medium side and, in an upper region, from superheater tubes welded together in a gas-tight manner and mounted downstream of the moisture separation system on the flow medium side.
  • a fossil fired steam generator the energy of a fossil fuel is used to produce superheated steam which in a power plant, for example, can then be supplied to a steam turbine for power generation.
  • steam generators are normally implemented as water tube boilers, i.e. the water supplied flows in a number of tubes which absorb energy in the form of radiant heat of the burner flames and/or by convection from the flue gas produced during combustion.
  • the steam generator tubes here usually constitute the combustion chamber wall by being welded together in a gas-tight manner.
  • steam generator tubes disposed in the waste gas duct can also be provided.
  • Fossil fired steam generators can be categorized on the basis of a large number of criteria: steam generators may in general be designed as natural circulation, forced circulation or once-through steam generators.
  • a once-through steam generator the heating of a number of evaporator tubes results in complete evaporation of the flow medium in the evaporator tubes in one pass.
  • the flow medium usually water—is fed to superheater tubes downstream of the evaporator tubes where it is superheated. Strictly speaking, this description is valid only at partial loads with subcritical pressure of water (P Kri ⁇ 221 bar) in the evaporator—at which there is no temperature at which water and steam can be present simultaneously and therefore also no phase separation is possible.
  • the position of the evaporation end point i.e. the location at which the water content of the flow is completely evaporated, is variable and dependent on the operating mode.
  • the evaporation end point is, for example, in an end region of the evaporator tubes, so that the superheating of the evaporated flow medium begins even in the evaporator tubes.
  • a once-through steam generator is not subject to pressure limiting, so that it can be designed for main steam pressures well above the critical pressure of water.
  • a once-through steam generator of this kind is usually operated with a minimum flow of flow medium in the evaporator tubes in order to ensure reliable cooling of the evaporator tubes.
  • the pure mass flow through the evaporator is usually no longer sufficient to cool the evaporator tubes, so that an additional throughput of flow medium is superimposed in a circulatory manner on the flow medium passing through the evaporator.
  • the operatively provided minimum flow of flow medium in the evaporator tubes is therefore not completely evaporated in the evaporator tubes during startup or light load operation, so that unevaporated flow medium, in particular a water-steam mixture, is still present at the end of the evaporator tubes during such an operating mode.
  • once-through steam generators are generally designed such that water is reliably prevented from entering the superheater tubes even during startup or light load operation.
  • the evaporator tubes are normally connected to the superheater tubes mounted downstream thereof via a moisture separation system.
  • the moisture separator is used to separate the water-steam mixture exiting the evaporator tubes during startup or light load operation into water and steam.
  • the steam is fed to the superheater tubes mounted downstream of the moisture separator, whereas the separated water is returned to the evaporator tubes e.g. via a circulating pump or can be drained off via a flash tank.
  • steam generators can also be subdivided, for example, into vertical and horizontal types.
  • a distinction is usually drawn between single-pass and two-pass boilers.
  • a horizontal gas duct leading into a vertical gas duct is mounted in an upper region downstream of the combustion chamber on the flue gas side.
  • the gas usually flows vertically from top to bottom. Therefore, in the two-pass boiler, multiple flow baffling of the flue gas takes place. Advantages of this design are, for example, the lower installed height and the resulting reduced manufacturing costs.
  • the walls of the first pass i.e. the combustion chamber, are usually implemented entirely as an evaporator.
  • the moisture separation system downstream of the evaporator tubes on the flow medium side is accordingly disposed at the upper end of the combustion chamber.
  • the evaporator heating surfaces must be sufficiently cooled over the entire load range of the steam generator.
  • the mass flow required for cooling must be reliably supplied to each individual tube.
  • the stresses occurring due to the thermal expansion of the individual tubes must not exceed the permissible values between adjacent tubes.
  • the temperatures of the flow medium must be limited both in absolute terms and in terms of the difference with respect to the adjacent tubes, as otherwise damage to the combustion chamber wall could arise.
  • mixing points can for example be installed in the combustion chamber walls configured as evaporators.
  • the flow medium is diverted from the evaporator tubes, mixed and re-distributed to the other evaporator tubes.
  • Such a system must be placed downstream of the mixing point for an even distribution of a water and steam mixture.
  • a design of this kind accordingly involves a high degree of technical complexity and considerably increases manufacturing costs.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to specify a once-through steam generator of the above-mentioned type which has a comparatively simple design while providing a particularly long service life.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by disposing the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes in an essentially horizontally circumferential manner around the combustion chamber in the region of the bottom of the horizontal gas duct.
  • the invention is based on the ideal that a simple design combined with a comparatively long service life would be achievable if comparatively slight temperature asymmetries in the steam generator tubes were achievable without an additional mixing point being disposed in the evaporator tubes.
  • the moisture separation system present in the steam generator also collects the water exiting the evaporator tubes in circulation mode and separates it from the steam. In once-through operation, the incoming steam is mixed and distributed to the superheater tubes located downstream on the flow medium side. This considerably reduces temperature asymmetries. Based on the knowledge that the moisture separation system thus basically fulfils the function of a mixing point, by placing it lower down, e.g. in the region of the bottom of the horizontal gas duct, this system can therefore be used as a mixing point within the combustion chamber wall, without an additional mixing system being required.
  • this position of the moisture separation system means that the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes is disposed in an essentially horizontally circumferential manner around the combustion chamber in the area of the bottom of the horizontal gas duct.
  • the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes is disposed in an essentially horizontally circumferential manner around the combustion chamber at the level of the edge formed by the surrounding wall and bottom of the horizontal gas duct.
  • all the combustion chamber tubes welded to the tubes of the walls of the horizontal gas duct are likewise designed as superheater tubes.
  • evaporator and superheater tubes were welded in parallel at this point. This creates problems particularly for hot-starting of the steam generator, as the filling of the evaporator tubes with cold flow medium produces considerable temperature differences with respect to the unfilled superheater tubes.
  • a section of the surrounding wall facing the vertical gas duct in inclined inward below the horizontal gas duct, thereby forming, with the bottom of the adjacent horizontal gas duct, a projection extending into the combustion chamber.
  • the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes is advantageously disposed in an essentially horizontally circumferential manner around the combustion chamber directly above the projection.
  • the bottom of the horizontal gas duct is formed of evaporator tubes welded together in a gas-tight manner upstream of the moisture separation system on the flow medium side.
  • the bottom of the horizontal gas duct is actually suitable to be designed as an additional evaporator heating surface, as its tubes are not welded parallel with the vertically tubed horizontal gas duct walls configured as superheaters and therefore the stresses caused by differential thermal expansion remain comparatively low.
  • the particular advantages of the invention are that dual use of the moisture separation system as a mixing point for reducing temperature differences between parallel tubes is made possible by disposing the boundary between the regions of the evaporator tubes and the superheater tubes in an essentially horizontally circumferential manner around the combustion chamber in the region of the bottom of the horizontal gas duct.
  • one of the main disadvantages of the two-pass boiler namely the vertical interface between wall heating surfaces configured as evaporators and those configured as superheaters, are eliminated.
  • Particularly for hot starting of the steam generator during which high temperature differences and stresses occur at said interface when the evaporator tubes are filled with comparatively cold flow medium, particularly reliable operation and a longer service life of the steam generator can be achieved by avoiding such stresses.
  • the lower positioning of the moisture separation system and therefore of the boundary between evaporator and superheater tubes in the combustion chamber also allows reduced superheating at the moisture separation system and altogether more material-conserving startup of the steam generator, which in turn results in a longer service life of the steam generator and enables less expensive materials to be used for the manufacture thereof.
  • the once-through steam generator 1 comprises a combustion chamber 2 implemented as a vertical gas duct, downstream of which a horizontal gas duct 6 is disposed in an upper region 4 .
  • the horizontal gas duct 6 is connected to another vertical gas duct 8 .
  • a number of burners (not shown in greater detail) are provided which combust liquid or solid fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • the surrounding wall 12 of the combustion chamber 2 is formed of steam generator tubes welded together in a gas-tight manner into which a flow medium—usually water—is pumped by a pump 9 (not shown in greater detail), said flow medium being heated by the heat produced by the burners.
  • the steam generator tubes can be oriented either spirally or vertically. In the case of a spiral arrangement, although comparatively greater design complexity is required, the resulting asymmetries between parallel tubes are comparatively lower than with a vertically tubed combustion chamber 2 .
  • the steam generator tubes in the lower part 10 of the combustion chamber 2 are designed as evaporator tubes.
  • the flow medium is first evaporated therein and fed via pipework 14 to a moisture separation system (not shown in greater detail).
  • a moisture separation system In the moisture separation system, not yet evaporated water is collected and drained off.
  • the steam produced is fed into the walls of the combustion chamber 2 and distributed to the superheater tubes disposed in the upper region 4 and in the walls of the horizontal gas duct 6 .
  • Such removal of not yet evaporated water is particularly necessary in startup mode when a larger amount of flow medium must be pumped in for reliable cooling of the evaporator tubes than can be evaporated in one evaporator tube pass.
  • the once-through steam generator 1 shown also comprises a projection 16 forming a direct transition to the bottom 18 of the horizontal gas duct 6 and extending into the combustion chamber 2 .
  • a grid 20 of further superheater tubes is disposed in the transition region from the combustion chamber 2 to the horizontal gas duct 6 in the flue gas duct.
  • the boundary 22 between evaporator tubes and superheater tubes is disposed directly above the projection 16 at the level of the bottom 18 of the horizontal gas duct 6 .
  • the moisture separation system therefore acts not only as a separator during startup operation, but also as a mixing point in continuous operation, as the entire flow medium from the evaporator tubes is collected, mixed and redistributed to the superheater tubes in the moisture separation system.
  • both the upper part 4 of the combustion chamber 2 and the walls of the horizontal gas duct 6 are configured as superheater tubes, there is also no vertical interface in the region of the grid 20 between parallel welded evaporator and superheater tubes. Instead, only the lower part 10 of the combustion chamber 2 and the bottom 18 of the horizontal gas duct are configured as evaporator tubes, as a result of which only superheater tubes are welded together in parallel in this area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US13/062,704 2008-09-09 2009-09-01 Continuous steam generator Abandoned US20110203536A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08015863.7 2008-09-09
EP08015863A EP2180251A1 (de) 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 Durchlaufdampferzeuger
PCT/EP2009/061239 WO2010028978A2 (de) 2008-09-09 2009-09-01 Durchlaufdampferzeuger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110203536A1 true US20110203536A1 (en) 2011-08-25

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US13/062,704 Abandoned US20110203536A1 (en) 2008-09-09 2009-09-01 Continuous steam generator

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20110203536A1 (zh)
EP (2) EP2180251A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5225469B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN102149968B (zh)
AU (1) AU2009290998B2 (zh)
DK (1) DK2324286T3 (zh)
PL (1) PL2324286T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2010028978A2 (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110162592A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-07-07 Martin Effert Continuous steam generator
US20110214622A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2011-09-08 Martin Effert Continuous steam generator
US9671105B2 (en) * 2013-08-06 2017-06-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Continuous flow steam generator with a two-pass boiler design
US20170284656A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-05 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with common steam cooled wall between furnace and convection pass
US20170284657A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-05 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace

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US20110197830A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-08-18 Brueckner Jan Continuous steam generator

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US20090084327A1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-02 Cole Arthur W Municipal solid waste fuel steam generator with waterwall furnace platens
US20110290164A1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2011-12-01 Wheelabrator Technologies Inc. Municipal solid waste fuel steam generator with waterwall furnace platens
US20110197830A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-08-18 Brueckner Jan Continuous steam generator

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110162592A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-07-07 Martin Effert Continuous steam generator
US20110214622A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2011-09-08 Martin Effert Continuous steam generator
US8851023B2 (en) * 2008-11-10 2014-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Continuous steam generator
US9671105B2 (en) * 2013-08-06 2017-06-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Continuous flow steam generator with a two-pass boiler design
US20170284656A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-05 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with common steam cooled wall between furnace and convection pass
US20170284657A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-05 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace
US10415819B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2019-09-17 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with common steam cooled wall between furnace and convection pass
US10429062B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2019-10-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace

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JP5225469B2 (ja) 2013-07-03
EP2324286B1 (de) 2013-04-17
EP2180251A1 (de) 2010-04-28
WO2010028978A2 (de) 2010-03-18
WO2010028978A3 (de) 2010-06-17
DK2324286T3 (da) 2013-05-13
CN102149968B (zh) 2014-04-30
AU2009290998A1 (en) 2010-03-18
JP2012502248A (ja) 2012-01-26
CN102149968A (zh) 2011-08-10
AU2009290998B2 (en) 2014-03-20
PL2324286T3 (pl) 2013-09-30
EP2324286A2 (de) 2011-05-25

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