EP2178736A2 - Moteur électrique à induit extérieur, avec ou sans transmission à planétaires, véhicule automobile doté d'un moteur électrique à induit extérieur et procédé d'utilisation de ce véhicule - Google Patents

Moteur électrique à induit extérieur, avec ou sans transmission à planétaires, véhicule automobile doté d'un moteur électrique à induit extérieur et procédé d'utilisation de ce véhicule

Info

Publication number
EP2178736A2
EP2178736A2 EP08789364A EP08789364A EP2178736A2 EP 2178736 A2 EP2178736 A2 EP 2178736A2 EP 08789364 A EP08789364 A EP 08789364A EP 08789364 A EP08789364 A EP 08789364A EP 2178736 A2 EP2178736 A2 EP 2178736A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric motor
rotor
stator
motor
planetary gear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08789364A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2178736A4 (fr
Inventor
Rudolf Hoebel
Robert Haas
Michael Hörmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clean Mobile AG
Original Assignee
Clean Mobile AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE200710033838 external-priority patent/DE102007033838A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102007044078A external-priority patent/DE102007044078A1/de
Application filed by Clean Mobile AG filed Critical Clean Mobile AG
Publication of EP2178736A2 publication Critical patent/EP2178736A2/fr
Publication of EP2178736A4 publication Critical patent/EP2178736A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/55—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at crank shafts parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • B62M11/145—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears built in, or adjacent to, the bottom bracket
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/16—DC brushless machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an external rotor electric motor with an optional planetary gear for a motor vehicle, in particular for a bicycle with electric drive. It further relates to a motor vehicle with such an external rotor electric motor and a method for operating such a vehicle.
  • Drive means such as a chain, which transmits the torque provided by the driver via pedals from a front sprocket to a rear sprocket and thus to the wheels, and a second drive means which transmits the torque provided by the electric motor to the wheels of the vehicle.
  • US 5,570,752 A discloses a bicycle with an electric motor having a relatively complicated and expensive gear construction for transmitting the torque of the electric motor.
  • the front sprocket is designed as a permanent magnet and forms the rotor of an electric motor.
  • a stator disk is clamped with windings, which acts on the permanent magnet.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is that support pins must be provided to support the torque against the vehicle frame for a robust operation of the vehicle. Furthermore, the sprocket is expensive and heavy by the design as a permanent magnet and the electrical efficiency is low.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a lightweight and compact vehicle with electric motor drive, which at the same time has a simple and robust construction and good efficiency.
  • An electric motor for a motor vehicle according to the invention has a stator with at least one or more predetermined areas for connection to a vehicle frame, wherein the connection of the stator to the vehicle frame can be made, for example by welding or screwing, and the areas provided for connection are designed appropriately suitable.
  • the electric motor according to the invention further comprises a rotor and predetermined areas for receiving a drive means.
  • the electric motor is designed as an external rotor motor and has a planetary gear.
  • the rotor may also be part of the planetary gear or be integral with a part of the planetary gear.
  • the external rotor motor has a radial construction of a central shaft, which is mounted in a bearing receptacle of the stator.
  • the electromagnets of the stator which have ferromagnetic yokes with windings, adjoin the bearing mount, wherein the windings are arranged such that their longitudinal axis is radially aligned and thus they also generate a magnetic field which is also radially aligned.
  • a plurality of permanent magnets of the rotor which are arranged on the inside of a ring surrounding the stator and which lie opposite the yoke terminations, adjoin the yoke terminations of the yokes in the radial direction.
  • the rotor is arranged on a drive shaft, which in the
  • Stator is rotatably mounted.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable when the electric motor is provided for installation in a bicycle.
  • cranks with pedals can engage the drive shaft and the electric motor according to the invention has the advantage that it can be integrated into the frame to save space in the bottom bracket and can be formed as an integral part of the vehicle frame and thus robust and very stable.
  • the electric motor is provided for installation in a motorcycle or motorcycle, which has no arranged on a crank pedals for the driver, there is on the one hand the possibility to provide an optionally shortened drive shaft on which, for example, a pinion for receiving a chain, a cardan pinion for receiving a cardan shaft or a pulley for receiving a toothed belt is mounted.
  • an optionally shortened drive shaft on which, for example, a pinion for receiving a chain, a cardan pinion for receiving a cardan shaft or a pulley for receiving a toothed belt is mounted.
  • the electric motor according to the invention can be designed as an integral part of the frame and thus particularly stable.
  • stator with frame tubes of the vehicle in particular a Bike or motorcycle, bolted or welded.
  • a separate support of the torque is thus not required.
  • the electric motor according to the invention has the advantage that it can be made relatively compact and compact due to the favorable geometry of the electric motor, which provides a plurality of small permanent magnets instead of a massive disc.
  • External rotor motors have a relatively large moment of inertia, which has a very advantageous effect on the smooth running of the vehicle in the present application.
  • the planetary gearbox can be used for over or under gear reduction. It can also be provided a switchable planetary gear.
  • a web of the planetary gear is fixedly connected to the stator of the electric motor. It is either possible that the ring gear of the planetary gear is fixedly connected to the rotor or that the sun gear of the planetary gear is fixedly connected to the rotor.
  • the sun gear of the planetary gear is fixedly connected to the stator.
  • either the ring gear or the web of the planetary gear is fixedly connected to the rotor.
  • the drive shaft if it is present, advantageously stored in a hollow shaft.
  • the ring gear of the planetary gear is fixedly connected to the stator.
  • either the sun gear or the web of the planetary gear is firmly connected to the rotor.
  • the electric motor is designed as an electronically commutated DC external rotor motor.
  • Energy storage such as batteries for operating the electric motor can be provided in the region of the rear wheel or behind a driver's seat.
  • the electric motor is brushless and the rotor has a number of Permament- magnets on. Brushless electric motors have the advantage that they have a longer life and a higher efficiency than those with a brush system. By avoiding the so-called brush fire, a reduction of high-frequency electromagnetic interference is achieved.
  • the areas for receiving a drive means are designed, for example, as a sprocket rim or as a toothed belt pulley.
  • the areas for receiving the drive means are firmly screwed to the drive shaft or to areas of the planetary gear.
  • Cranks with pedals can be attached to the ends of the drive shaft in one embodiment.
  • the electric motor is thus integrated into the bottom bracket of the bicycle or parts of the electric motor form the bottom bracket, and the electric motor and moved by the force of the driver pedals attack on the same shaft.
  • the electric motor according to the invention is particularly simple and compact.
  • Transition region to the rotor on a freewheel device This has the advantage that a rolling of the vehicle is possible even without a simultaneous rotation of the drive shaft, so that the driver does not have to constantly kick.
  • the freewheel is therefore expediently provided when the electric motor is used for a bicycle.
  • the rotor has a diameter D of 250 mm ⁇
  • the height h of the rotor is for example 30 mm ⁇ h ⁇ 60 mm.
  • the electric motor is compact enough to be arranged in the region of the bottom bracket between the pedal cranks of the vehicle and thus also approximately in the center of gravity of the vehicle.
  • An inventive motor vehicle for example a bicycle with an electric motor or a motorcycle, has the electric motor according to the invention, wherein the stator of the electric motor is connected to frame tubes of the motor vehicle and a drive shaft is connected by a drive means with a wheel of the motor vehicle.
  • the stator may be welded or bolted to frame tubes of the vehicle. In any case, it is stably connected to the vehicle frame and thus does not require torque support against the bicycle frame.
  • the pinion gear is fixedly connected to the drive shaft and either to the web or the sun gear or the ring gear of the planetary gear.
  • the electric motor can be mounted in the region of the bottom bracket of a bicycle and replace it, the engine and the driver attack on the same drive shaft.
  • External rotor motor trained electric motor with a planetary gear has The following steps are provided: A stator of the electric motor is provided with windings for generating magnetic fields in the radial direction, the windings having connections for a supply voltage. In addition, a rotor of the electric motor is provided with permanent magnets, wherein the permanent magnets are arranged so that they are opposite to the windings with respect to a rotational axis of the rotor in the radial direction. The supply voltage is switched such that the magnetic field generated by the current-carrying windings exerts an attractive force on the permanent magnets of the rotor and thus a torque on the rotor.
  • Commutator used so that the electric motor can be performed brushless.
  • the supply voltage is triggered for example by a Hall sensor or by evaluating induction currents in the windings. In this way, a very accurate triggering of the supply voltage is ensured, so that even high speeds of the electric motor are possible.
  • Carrying areas of the stator, the z. B. may be formed as a plate or a grid plate, constitute an integral or self-supporting component of the vehicle frame.
  • the electric motor according to the invention can be integrated particularly well and simply in a vehicle.
  • the electric motor according to the invention fits into a frame concept, wherein advantageously in a particular embodiment, an output shaft of the electric motor can be designed as a bottom bracket, for example, for a vehicle driven by cranks.
  • the electric motor according to the invention is advantageously arranged such that its axis of rotation, which is called the axis of rotation of the rotor or the drive shaft, with the axis of rotation Swing arm coincides or at least closely in their range.
  • the arms of the rocker may also attack on both sides of the vehicle on the drive shaft.
  • permanent magnets arranged radially on the circumference of the rotor can be provided, which are subjected to an electromagnetic force by the likewise radially provided coils of the stator.
  • Radially provided on the circumference of permanent magnets and corresponding yokes of electromagnets are particularly proven, because in these the gap width only to a very small extent fluctuates, which provides high efficiency.
  • the gap width between stator and rotor is subject to significantly greater fluctuations.
  • FIG. 36 shows schematically a plan view of the stator of an inventive
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a plan view of the rotor of an inventive
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a cross section through the rotor of an electric motor according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a plan view of the stator of a device according to the invention
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a cross section through a second embodiment of the electric motor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically a cross section through a third embodiment of the electric motor according to the invention.
  • Figure 8 shows schematically a cross section through an alternative embodiment of the electric motor according to the invention.
  • Figures 1 to 4 show schematically an electric motor according to a first
  • the stator 1 of the external rotor electric motor which is shown schematically in plan view in FIG. 1, comprises a plate 2, which in this embodiment is an integral part of the frame of a bicycle (not shown in detail) of which in FIG Sections of three frame tubes 3 are shown.
  • the plate 2 has at its outer edge areas 4, which are provided for attachment to the frame tubes 3.
  • Each region 4 is formed in this embodiment as a rectangular flange.
  • the plate 2 of the stator 1 has inside a bearing holder 8 with a ball bearing 12 on.
  • the ball bearing 12 comprises an outer ring 9, an inner ring 11 and arranged between the outer ring 9 and the inner ring 11 balls 10.
  • the inner ring 11 encloses an opening 24 having a diameter ⁇ X.
  • the opening 24 is provided for receiving a drive shaft, not shown in the figure 1.
  • ⁇ X can be 20 mm.
  • Yoke 6 of the stator 1 carries.
  • the yokes 6 are each provided with windings 7, which are supplied via here only schematically shown leads 23 with power.
  • the yokes 6 with the windings 7 extend radially from the base ring 5 to the outside and have radially adjoining the windings 7 Jochab say 34.
  • the yoke ends are also adjoined in the radial direction by a running region 35 for the rotor of the electric motor (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a plan view of the rotor 13 of the invention
  • the electric motor The rotor 13 has a pot shape with a bottom 14 and an edge 15.
  • the rotor 13 has a diameter D of 250 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 350 mm.
  • a plurality of permanent magnets 16 is arranged on the inside 26 of the rim 15.
  • the permanent magnets 16 are arranged such that their polarity changes in the direction of the circumference of the rotor 13, which is indicated by the arrow 36.
  • the rotor 13 is fixed in this embodiment on the drive shaft 17 of the
  • Bicycle arranged it can also be designed in one piece with the drive shaft 17.
  • the drive shaft 17 has a diameter d a , which may be 20 mm, for example.
  • the drive shaft 17 has at each of its ends square connections 18 for attachment of a crank 19 for a pedal 20.
  • the pedals are fastened to the cranks 19 by means of a fastening element 21 such as a screw.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the rotor 13.
  • the rotor 13 has a height h, which is typically 30 to 60 mm.
  • the 14 has a sprocket ring 22 for receiving a chain, not shown.
  • the sprocket ring 22 can be screwed to the bottom 14 of the rotor 13 in this embodiment.
  • threaded holes 27 are provided.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a cross section along the line AA from FIG. 1, wherein not only the stator 1 but also the rotor 13 are shown in this illustration is.
  • the rotor 13 is arranged such that the drive shaft 17 extends through the opening 24 in the inner ring 11 of the ball bearing 12 and is mounted by means of the ball bearing 12 shown only symbolically in this figure.
  • the diameter d of the central hole 24 substantially corresponds to the diameter d a of the drive shaft 17.
  • the permanent magnets 16 of the rotor 13 are the high ends 34 of the yokes 6 with the windings 7 opposite.
  • the plate 2 of the stator 1 is connected in the designated areas 4 with the frame of a bicycle, in which he, for example, as shown in this embodiment, welded to the frame tubes 3. Subsequently, the ball bearing 12 is mounted in the bearing receptacle 8 and the yokes 6 with the yoke terminations 34 and the windings 7 are connected to the base ring 5 with the bearing receptacle 8.
  • the rotor 13 is provided with the permanent magnets 16 attached to the inside 26 of its rim 15.
  • the rotor 13 is inserted into the pot-shaped in this embodiment stator 1 and connected thereto by inserting the drive shaft 17 in the opening 24 in the inner ring 11 with the ball bearing 12. In this case, the edge 15 comes to rest with the permanent magnets 16 in the running region 35 of the stator 1.
  • the cranks 19 are mounted with the pedals 20 on the drive shaft 17.
  • the windings 7 are traversed by an electric current and provide a magnetic field which generates a torque by the interaction with the permanent magnets 16 of the rotor 13.
  • the voltage supplying the current through the windings is switched at each moment so that the permanent magnets 16 are attracted to the yoke terminus 34 following in the direction of the circumference of the rotor 13, while they are repelled by the yoke terminus 34 that has just passed.
  • An electronic commutator can be used to switch the supply voltage for the windings (7).
  • the triggering of the voltage succeed, for example, contactless by a Hall sensor or by evaluating Induction currents in the windings.
  • the torque is transmitted via the fixedly mounted on the rotor 13 pinion ring 22 by means of a chain not shown on the wheels of the bicycle.
  • a toothed belt pulley is provided instead of the pinion ring and instead of a chain, a toothed belt.
  • the bicycle with the electric motor 25 according to the invention can additionally be driven by the driver via the pedals 20 mounted on the drive shaft 17. Both the electric motor 25 and the pedals 20 thus act on the same drive shaft 17 and therefore require only a single, common chain or a toothed belt to transmit the torque.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic plan view of a second or third
  • Embodiment of the stator 1 of the electric motor according to the invention.
  • the plate 2 of the stator 1 is not welded directly to the frame tubes 3.
  • 3 holding plates 28 are welded to the frame tubes, which are indicated in Figure 5 only by dashed lines.
  • a common retaining ring 31 may be provided, which is also indicated by dashed lines in Figure 5, or another type of common mounting plate.
  • a common retaining ring 31 or a differently shaped common retaining plate has the advantage that the frame of the bicycle is also connected without the electric motor and is self-supporting.
  • the plate 2 of the stator 1 has areas 4 for attachment to the holding plates 28 or the holding ring 31 of the frame, the areas 4 being formed as plates in this embodiment and having holes 29 for receiving fasteners such as screws.
  • FIG. 6 shows the electric motor 25 according to FIG. 5 in cross section along the line
  • A-A Shown is the second embodiment, in which the plate 2 of the stator 1 is fixed in their areas 4 on separate holding plates 28 of the frame tubes 3.
  • the retaining ring 25 is fixed to the plate 2 of the stator 1 like the retaining plates 28 in the second embodiment.
  • For receiving fasteners such as screws in turn holes 29 are provided.
  • FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the electric motor 25 schematically in FIG.
  • the rotor 13 has a freewheel device 33 with locking blades or pinch rollers.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that a constant pedaling of a driver is not required. In this embodiment, it is because of the freewheel 33 for the driver is not necessary to constantly operate the pedals, but the rotation of the drive shaft 17 can also by the movement of the Rotor 13 are disconnected, so that a drive of the bicycle takes place solely on the electric motor 25 without the assistance of the driver.
  • An electric motor (25) for a motor vehicle comprising:
  • stator (1) having predetermined areas (4) for connection to a vehicle frame
  • a rotor (13) having predetermined areas for receiving a drive means, the rotor (13) being disposed on a drive shaft (17) rotatably supported in the stator (1);
  • the electric motor (25) is designed as an external rotor motor.
  • the electric motor (25) is designed as an electronically commutated DC external rotor motor.
  • cranks (19) with pedals (20) can be fastened to the ends of the drive shaft (17).
  • the drive shaft (17) in a transition region to the rotor (13) has a freewheel device (33).
  • the drive means is designed as a toothed belt.
  • a method for operating a motor vehicle with an electric motor (25) designed as an external rotor motor comprising the following steps:
  • FIG. 9 shows schematically a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention for a motor vehicle according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 10 shows schematically a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention for a motor vehicle according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 11 shows schematically a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention for a motor vehicle according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 12 shows schematically a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention for a motor vehicle according to a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 13 shows schematically a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention for a motor vehicle according to a fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 14 schematically shows a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention for a motor vehicle according to a sixth embodiment
  • FIG. 15 schematically shows a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention for a motor vehicle according to a seventh embodiment.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the principle of the stator and the rotor of the electric motor according to the invention. They show the sake of clarity, not the planetary gear, which is also part of the electric motor according to the invention.
  • the stator 1 of the external rotor electric motor according to the invention which is shown schematically in plan view in FIG. 1, has a plate 2, which in this embodiment is an integral part of the frame of a bicycle (not shown in detail) of which in FIG Sections of three frame tubes 3 are shown.
  • the plate 2 has at its outer edge areas 4, which are provided for attachment to the frame tubes 3.
  • Each region 4 is formed in this embodiment as a rectangular flange.
  • the plate 2 of the stator 1 has on the inside a bearing receptacle 8 with a ball bearing 12.
  • the ball bearing 12 comprises an outer ring 9, an inner ring 11 and arranged between the outer ring 9 and the inner ring 11 balls 10.
  • the inner ring 11 encloses an opening 24 which has a diameter ⁇ X.
  • the opening 24 is provided for receiving a drive shaft, not shown in the figure 1.
  • ⁇ X can be 20 mm.
  • the bearing seat 8 of the stator 1 is enclosed by the base ring 5, which carries the yokes 6 of the stator 1.
  • the yokes 6 are each provided with windings 7, which are supplied via here only schematically shown leads 23 with power.
  • the yokes 6 with the windings 7 extend radially from the base ring 5 to the outside and have radially adjoining the windings 7 Jochab why 34.
  • the yoke ends are also adjoined in the radial direction by a running region 35 for the rotor of the electric motor (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a plan view of the rotor 13 of the electric motor according to the invention.
  • the rotor 13 has a pot shape with a bottom 14 and an edge 15.
  • the rotor 13 has a diameter D of 250 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 350 mm.
  • a plurality of permanent magnets 16 are arranged on the inner side 26 of the rim 15.
  • the permanent magnets 16 are arranged such that their polarity changes in the direction of the circumference of the rotor 13, which is indicated by the arrow 36.
  • the rotor 13 is supported on the drive shaft 17 of the bicycle in this embodiment.
  • the drive shaft 17 has a diameter d a , which may be 20 mm, for example.
  • the drive shaft 17 has at each of its ends square connections 18 for attachment of a crank 19 for a pedal 20.
  • a hexagonal connection or a multiplicity connection or the like can also be used.
  • the pedals are fastened to the cranks 19 by means of a fastening element 21 such as a screw.
  • FIG. 9 to 15 show schematically different embodiments of an electric motor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a cross section through a first embodiment of the electric motor 25 with the rotor 13 and stator 1 described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the electric motor 25 has a planetary gear 26, which is divided into a sun gear 27, connected via a web 31 planet gears 28 and a ring gear 29. In the view shown in Figure 3, only one planetary gear 28 can be seen, but there may be more than one.
  • the web 31 is fixedly connected to the stator 1 of the electric motor 25.
  • the center 32 of the planetary gear 28 with respect to the stator 1 at rest.
  • the ring gear 33 of the planetary gear 28 is mounted at the center 32, in the ring gear 33 engages the sun gear 27, which is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 27.
  • the ring gear 29, in which the ring gear 33 of the planetary gear 28 also engages, is fixedly connected to the bottom 14 of the rotor 13.
  • the plate 2 of the stator 1 is connected in the designated areas 4 with the frame of a bicycle in which he, for example, as shown in this embodiment, is welded to the frame tubes 3 , Subsequently, the ball bearing 12 is mounted in the bearing receptacle 8 and the yokes 6 with the yoke terminations 34 and the windings 7 become connected to the base ring 5 with the bearing receptacle 8.
  • the rotor 13 is provided with the permanent magnets 16 attached to the inside of its rim 15 and the ring gear 29 connected to the bottom 14.
  • the rotor 13 is inserted into the cup-shaped in this embodiment, the stator 1 and connected thereto by inserting the drive shaft 17 with the sun gear 27 fixedly connected to the drive shaft 17 in the opening in the inner ring with the ball bearing 12 and the ball bearing 9 of the rotor 13.
  • the edge 15 comes to rest with the permanent magnets 16 in the running region 35 of the stator 1.
  • the web 31 is used with the planet gears 28 between the ring gear 29 and sun gear 27 and the web 31 is fixedly connected to the stator 1.
  • cranks are mounted with the pedals on the drive shaft 17.
  • the windings 7 are traversed by an electric current and provide a magnetic field which generates a torque by the interaction with the permanent magnets 16 of the rotor 13.
  • the voltage supplying the current through the windings is switched at each moment so that the permanent magnets 16 are attracted to the yoke terminus 34 following in the direction of the circumference of the rotor 13, while they are repelled by the yoke terminus 34 that has just passed.
  • an electronic commutator can be used.
  • the triggers of the voltage succeed, for example, contactlessly by a Hall sensor or by evaluating induction currents in the windings.
  • the rotor 13 provides a rotational movement, which it transmits through the co-rotating ring gear 29 via the planet gears 28 and the sun gear 27 to the drive shaft 17.
  • a driver of the bicycle can also transmit torque to the drive shaft 17 by means of the pedals.
  • a toothed belt pulley is provided instead of the pinion ring and instead of a chain, a toothed belt. It can be provided in this and the other embodiments, a freewheel device with pawls or clamping rollers. This has the advantage that it is due to the Freewheeling for the driver is not necessary to constantly operate the pedals, but the rotation of the drive shaft 17 can also be disconnected from the movement of the pedals, so that a drive of the bicycle takes place solely on the electric motor 25 without the assistance of the driver.
  • the planetary gear 26 is particularly simple in this embodiment and thus lightweight and robust and has a high efficiency.
  • FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment of the electric motor 25 according to the invention.
  • This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the arrangement of the elements forming the planetary gear 26.
  • the sun gear 27 is fixedly connected by welds 11 with a hollow shaft 10, which in turn is welded to the bottom 2 of the stator 1.
  • Firmly connected to the hollow shaft 10 is also the base ring 5 for the yokes 6.
  • the rotor 13 is mounted by means of the ball bearing 9 on the hollow shaft and otherwise constructed as in the first embodiment.
  • the bottom 14 of the rotor 13 is fixedly connected to the ring gear 29.
  • the planet gear 28 engages, which is rotatably mounted with its center 32 on the web 31.
  • the web 31 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 17.
  • the web 31 transmits its rotary motion directly to the drive shaft 17, on which in turn cranks 19 are mounted for pedals.
  • the ring gear 29 integral with the rotor 13 rotates at the same frequency as the rotor 13 rotates.
  • the planetary gear 28, which rolls between ring gear 29 and stationary sun gear 27, transmits the torque to the web 31, at which the torque is tapped via the fixed connection with the drive shaft 17.
  • a sprocket ring 22 is mounted, which transmits the torque further to the wheels of the bicycle by means of a drive means, not shown.
  • the rotational speed of the ring gear 29 and thus of the rotor 13 is greater than that of the web 31 and thus the drive shaft 17.
  • the Electric motor 25 it is thus possible in this embodiment, the Electric motor 25 to operate at a higher frequency than the cadence.
  • the desired ratio of the frequencies can be very flexibly adjusted by a suitable choice of the diameter of the sun gear 27, planetary gear 28 and ring gear 29.
  • FIG. 11 shows a third embodiment of the electric motor 25 according to the invention. This embodiment differs from the first and the second embodiment in the arrangement of the elements forming the planetary gear 26.
  • the ring gear 29 is fixedly connected to the stator 1 and thus in the system of the stator 1 at rest.
  • the sun gear 27 is fixedly connected to a hollow shaft 10 or integral with this.
  • the hollow shaft 10 in turn is fixedly connected to the bottom 14 of the rotor 13.
  • the sun gear 27 thus rotates at the frequency of the rotor thirteenth
  • the drive shaft 17 is rotatably mounted, which is connected via the sprocket ring 22 with the web 31.
  • the web 31 is mounted on the hollow shaft 10 by means of a ball bearing 24. In this embodiment, therefore, the torque is tapped off the web 31 as in the second embodiment.
  • Sun gear 27 and thus of the rotor 13 is greater than that of the web 31 and thus the drive shaft 17.
  • the electric motor 25 it is thus possible in this embodiment, the electric motor 25 to operate at a higher frequency than the cadence.
  • the desired ratio of the frequencies can be very flexibly adjusted by a suitable choice of the diameter of the sun gear 27, planetary gear 28 and ring gear 29.
  • FIG. 12 shows a fourth embodiment of the electric motor 25 according to the invention.
  • This embodiment differs from the embodiments already described by the arrangement of the elements forming the planetary gear 26.
  • a planetary gear 26 is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the electric motor 25.
  • the stator 1 has a lid 36 opposite the bottom 2.
  • each of the web 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom 2 and the cover 36 of the stator 1 and thus in the system of the stator 1 at rest.
  • the sun gear 27 is fixedly connected to the bottom 14 of the rotor 13 and thus rotates at the same frequency as the rotor 13.
  • the drive shaft 17 is not carried out continuously in this embodiment, but interrupted on each side for the planetary gear 26.
  • the sun gear 27 engages on each side in the ring gear 33 of the planetary gear 28 that rolls in the ring gear 29.
  • the ring gear 29 is fixedly connected to a sprocket ring 22, respectively.
  • Sun gear 27 and thus of the rotor 13 is greater than that of the web 31 and thus the drive shaft 17.
  • the electric motor 25 it is thus possible in this embodiment, the electric motor 25 to operate at a higher frequency than the cadence.
  • the desired ratio of the frequencies can be very flexibly adjusted by a suitable choice of the diameter of the sun gear 27, planetary gear 28 and ring gear 29.
  • FIG. 13 shows a fifth embodiment of the electric motor 25 according to the invention. This embodiment differs from the embodiments already described by the arrangement of the elements forming the planetary gear 26.
  • the ring gear 29 is fixedly connected to the stator 1 and thus in the system of the stator 1 at rest.
  • the sun gear 27 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 17 or integrally formed therewith.
  • the drive shaft 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom 14 of the rotor 13 and thus rotates at the same frequency as the rotor 13th
  • a sprocket ring 22 is mounted, via which the torque is transmitted to the wheels of the bicycle by means of a drive means, not shown.
  • the planetary gear is particularly simple and therefore lightweight and robust.
  • the rotor 13 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 17, on which also the cranks, not shown here are mounted with pedals for the driver.
  • the cadence of the driver in this embodiment corresponds to the frequency of the rotor 13.
  • FIG. 14 shows a sixth embodiment of the electric motor 25 according to the invention.
  • This embodiment differs from the embodiments already described by the arrangement of the planetary gear 26 forming Elements.
  • the sun gear 27 is fixedly connected to a hollow shaft 10 or designed in one piece with this.
  • the hollow shaft 10 itself is firmly connected to the bottom 2 of the stator 1.
  • the sun gear 27 is thus in the system of the stator 1 at rest.
  • the rotor 13 is mounted on the hollow shaft 10 by means of the ball bearing 9.
  • the bottom 14 of the rotor 13 is fixedly connected to the web 31.
  • the planet gear 28 engages, which is rotatably mounted with its center 32 on the web 31.
  • the ring gear 29 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 17.
  • the rotor 13 transmits its rotational movement via the web 31 to the planetary gear 28, which in turn engages the fixed sun gear 27 and the ring gear 29 and thus acts on the drive shaft 17 via the ring gear 29.
  • the sprocket rim may for example be mounted externally on the ring gear 29 or mounted directly on the drive shaft 17.
  • either the frequency of the rotor 13 corresponds to that of the ring gear 29 and thus the cadence of the driver, or if the pinion gear is mounted on the planetary gear 28, the frequency of the rotor is less than the cadence of the driver. In the latter case, the electric motor is only suitable for more specialized applications.
  • Embodiment plenty of space for the rotor 13 is present and thus the yokes 6 can be made particularly large with the windings 7.
  • FIG. 15 schematically shows a cross section through the electric motor according to the invention for a motor vehicle according to a sixth embodiment, which essentially corresponds to the third embodiment according to FIG. The difference is that the drive shaft 17 is slightly shortened and is not intended to receive cranks with pedals.
  • the electric motor is particularly suitable for driving a motorcycle.
  • other embodiments such as those shown in Figures 12 to 14 are suitable for use on a motorcycle that has no cranks with pedals.
  • An electric motor (25) for a motor vehicle comprising:
  • stator (1) having predetermined areas (4) for connection to a vehicle frame
  • the electric motor (25) is designed as an external rotor motor.
  • cranks (19) with pedals (20) can be fastened.
  • Electric motor (25) according to one of the numbers 1 to 4, wherein the drive shaft (17) in a transition region to the rotor (13) a
  • the drive means is designed as a toothed belt.
  • Windings (7) is triggered.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

Un moteur électrique (25) selon l'invention, pour un véhicule électrique, présente un stator (1) dans lequel des zones (4) prédéfinies sont prévues pour être reliées au châssis du véhicule, la liaison du stator (1) au châssis du véhicule pouvant s'effectuer par exemple par soudage ou par vissage. Le moteur électrique (25) selon l'invention présente en outre un rotor (13), le rotor (13) pouvant être disposé sur un arbre d'entraînement (17) monté à rotation dans le stator (1). Le moteur électrique (25) est configuré comme un moteur à induit extérieur et présente une transmission à planétaires (26).
EP08789364A 2007-07-18 2008-07-18 Moteur électrique à induit extérieur, avec ou sans transmission à planétaires, véhicule automobile doté d'un moteur électrique à induit extérieur et procédé d'utilisation de ce véhicule Withdrawn EP2178736A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710033838 DE102007033838A1 (de) 2007-07-18 2007-07-18 Außenläufer-Elektromotor, Kraftfahrzeug mit Außenläufer-Elektromotor und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Fahrzeugs
DE102007044078A DE102007044078A1 (de) 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Außenläufer-Elektromotor mit Planetengetriebe, Kraftfahrzeug mit Außenläufer-Elektromotor und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Fahrzeugs
PCT/IB2008/052901 WO2009010943A2 (fr) 2007-07-18 2008-07-18 Moteur électrique à induit extérieur, avec ou sans transmission à planétaires, véhicule automobile doté d'un moteur électrique à induit extérieur et procédé d'utilisation de ce véhicule

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2178736A2 true EP2178736A2 (fr) 2010-04-28
EP2178736A4 EP2178736A4 (fr) 2013-03-06

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EP08789364A Withdrawn EP2178736A4 (fr) 2007-07-18 2008-07-18 Moteur électrique à induit extérieur, avec ou sans transmission à planétaires, véhicule automobile doté d'un moteur électrique à induit extérieur et procédé d'utilisation de ce véhicule

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Country Link
US (1) US20100263959A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2178736A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010534051A (fr)
CN (1) CN101855123A (fr)
AU (1) AU2008277325A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202008018341U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009010943A2 (fr)

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JP2010534051A (ja) 2010-10-28
WO2009010943A3 (fr) 2009-03-12
DE202008018341U1 (de) 2013-02-14
EP2178736A4 (fr) 2013-03-06
WO2009010943A2 (fr) 2009-01-22
US20100263959A1 (en) 2010-10-21
CN101855123A (zh) 2010-10-06
AU2008277325A1 (en) 2009-01-22

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