EP2172961B1 - Entladungsgefäss für Entladungslampen hoher Intensität - Google Patents

Entladungsgefäss für Entladungslampen hoher Intensität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2172961B1
EP2172961B1 EP09169339A EP09169339A EP2172961B1 EP 2172961 B1 EP2172961 B1 EP 2172961B1 EP 09169339 A EP09169339 A EP 09169339A EP 09169339 A EP09169339 A EP 09169339A EP 2172961 B1 EP2172961 B1 EP 2172961B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
emitting
portions
vessel
central
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Active
Application number
EP09169339A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2172961A1 (de
Inventor
Keiichiro Watanabe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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Publication of EP2172961A1 publication Critical patent/EP2172961A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/84—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
    • H01J61/86—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure with discharge additionally constricted by close spacing of electrodes, e.g. for optical projection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/302—Vessels; Containers characterised by the material of the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/35—Vessels; Containers provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a light-emitting container for high intensity discharge lamp.
  • translucent ceramics transmits visible light therethrough, they have been used as a light-emitting container for a high intensity discharge lamp.
  • translucent alumina ceramics is used as a light-emitting container for a high intensity discharge lamp.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-6198A describes the high-pressure discharge lamp for automobile headlight, in which the central portion of the light-emitting vessel is made thinner to dispose a luminance center at the central portion, and condensing efficiency of projected beam to a focal point is improved.
  • a high intensity discharge lamp electric discharge between electrodes is first generated in starting gas such as mercury vapor and argon gas, sodium or metal iodide being a light-emitting material is vaporized and gasified by utilizing thermal energy caused by the discharge energy, the light-emitting material is further excited by the energy of electrons discharging between electrodes, and light that is generated when electrons of the light-emitting material return from an excited state to a ground state is utilized as a light source.
  • starting gas such as mercury vapor and argon gas
  • sodium or metal iodide being a light-emitting material is vaporized and gasified by utilizing thermal energy caused by the discharge energy, the light-emitting material is further excited by the energy of electrons discharging between electrodes, and light that is generated when electrons of the light-emitting material return from an excited state to a ground state is utilized as a light source.
  • the higher the vapor pressure of the light-emitting material becomes the higher the probability of collision between the discharging electrons and the light-emitting material gets, and excitation of the light-emitting material can be easily occurred and light emission efficiency increases.
  • To increase the vapor pressure of the light-emitting material it is necessary to raise the temperature of the light-emitting material, and it is important to hold gas temperature inside the light-emitting vessel at a high level for that purpose.
  • Light emission is generated by utilizing electric discharge between electrodes in the high intensity discharge lamp as described, temperature of a light emitting area becomes the highest and temperature of the base of electrodes and the rear portions of the electrodes becomes lower.
  • the lowest temperature area is called the coolest point, and since the vapor pressure of the light-emitting material inside the lamp is controlled by the coolest point, raising the temperature of the coolest point is important in increasing the vapor pressure of the light-emitting material.
  • the ceramic light-emitting vessel is generally translucent but not transparent, the entire light-emitting vessel emits light by light created and emitted by a plasma arc, and the size of a light source becomes the same as the size of the light-emitting vessel. For this reason, it is difficult to control a light-emitting region according to the performance of lighting equipment used in combination with the light-emitting vessel. In a lamp where a relatively large light source size is accepted such as a lamp for general illumination use, a light source size being larger compared to lighting equipment does not become a serious problem. But the light source size of the ceramic light-emitting vessel is too large as a headlight for automobile or a lamp for projector, and combination with lighting equipment is difficult.
  • a luminance center can be arranged at the central light-emitting portion.
  • the light and thermal radiation from the end plugs and the tubular portions are suppressed from the both sides of the central light-emitting portion to prevent accumulation or liquefaction of gas at the coolest point, and color temperature stability should have been improved.
  • An object of the present invention is to improve the color temperature stability of light emission and maintain durability when repeating light-on and light-off, while narrowing light emission from the light-emitting vessel.
  • a light-emitting container for a high intensity discharge lamp of the present invention comprises:
  • condensing efficiency to projected beam can be increased by making the central light-emitting portion of the light-emitting vessel relatively thinner and arranging a luminance center there.
  • the light-shielding film for coating the outer surface of the thick portions at the both sides of the central light-emitting portion over full-circumference around the tube axis of the light-emitting vessel, light emission can be concentrated on the central light-emitting portion.
  • the outer surface of the side end portions and the tubular portion is designed not to be coated with the light-shielding film. Then, color temperature stability is remarkably improved and durability when repeating light-on and light-off is also improved.
  • the object of the prior arts is to obtain color temperature stability by coating the surface of the side end portions and the tubular portions with the light-shielding film.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the light-emitting container for high intensity discharge lamp 1 used in a metal halide lamp
  • FIG. 2 is a front view showing an appearance of the container 1.
  • a light-emitting vessel 7 of the light-emitting container 1 includes a central light-emitting portion 7e, thick portions 7d on the both sides of the central light-emitting portion 7e, and side end portions 7c on the outer side of each thick portion 7d.
  • the central light-emitting portion 7e is depressed from outside to the thick portions 7d in this example, and the inner surface of the central light-emitting portion and the inner surface of the thick portion are smoothly continued.
  • a tubular portion (leg portion) 3 is attached to the outer side of each side end portion.
  • An electrode holding member 2 is inserted through an inner space 3a of the tubular portion 3, and an electrode 5 is attached to an inner end of the electrode holding member 2.
  • An outer end portion of the electrode holding member 2 is sealed against an inner wall surface of the tubular portion 3 by a sealing material 4, and further sealed against the outer end surface of the tubular portion 3 by a sealing material 12.
  • a pair of the electrodes 5 are positioned in the inner space of the light-emitting vessel 7, and designed such that electric discharge can be generated between the electrodes 5.
  • the thick portion means having thickness larger than the thickness of the central light-emitting portion, and in the present invention, the thick portions are formed on the both sides of the central light-emitting portion.
  • the thickness t of the central light-emitting portion 7e is smaller than the thickness T of the thick portions 7d.
  • an outer surface 7f of the central light-emitting portion 7e is depressed from an outer surface 7b of each thick portion 7d, and thus the thickness of the central light-emitting portion is relatively small.
  • An inner wall surface of the central light-emitting portion 7e and an inner wall surface of each thick portion 7d are smoothly continued and do not have a step. However, the inner wall surface of the central light-emitting portion 7e can be depressed from the inner wall surface of each thick portion 7d.
  • each thick portion 7d is coated with a light-shielding film 11.
  • the light-shielding film 11 coats the outer surface 7b of the thick portion so as to go around the light-emitting vessel assigning the tube axis O of the light-emitting vessel as a center.
  • the surface of a step side surface 7g between each thick portion 7d and the central light-emitting portion may be also coated with the light-shielding film 11.
  • the outer surface 7f of the central light-emitting portion 7e, an outer surface 7a of each side end portion 7c and an outer surface 3b of each tubular portion 3 are not coated with the light-shielding film.
  • a projection range of light from a light emission area 6 of a plasma arc is limited within the region of a projection angle ⁇ .
  • the projection range is smaller than a total length L of the light-emitting vessel 7.
  • the ceramic light-emitting vessel is translucent but not transparent, the entire light-emitting vessel emits light by light created and emitted by the plasma arc, and the size of a light source becomes the same as the size of the light-emitting vessel. For this reason, in a headlight for automobile or a light source lamp of a projector in which a small light source size is required, it is difficult to realize a light source size suitable for the performance of lighting equipment.
  • a translucent portion is made smaller, and a light source size can be the size of 2 mm ⁇ x 4 mm which is equal to the filament size of a halogen lamp. Furthermore, to apply for the light source for projector, the light source size can be 1 mm or less in diameter.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp of the present invention can be applied for other illumination devices to which pseudo point light source is applicable, such as a headlight for automobile, an OHP (overhead projector) and a liquid crystal projector.
  • a headlight for automobile an OHP (overhead projector) and a liquid crystal projector.
  • the central light-emitting portion means a relatively small thickness area of the light-emitting vessel 7, which is sandwiched between the thick portions on the both sides.
  • the thick portions are areas between the central light-emitting portion and the side end portions. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 , an area between an inner wall surface 13 of the side end portion 7b and the step 14 to the central light-emitting portion should be the thick portion.
  • the side end portion means a plate-shaped area that plugs up the both ends of the light-emitting vessel.
  • a ratio of a length p of the central light-emitting portion to the total length L of the light-emitting vessel 7 be 90% to 5%, and more preferably, 60% to 10% from the viewpoint of obtaining a light source of an appropriate size.
  • a ratio of the surfaces 7b or 7g of the thick portion occupied by the light-shielding film be 30% or more, and more preferably, 50% or more from the viewpoint of the present invention.
  • the light-shielding film may coat the entire outer surface of each thick portion. Further, it is preferable that the light-shielding film coat 20% or more and 95% or less of the surface area of the outer surface of the light-emitting vessel.
  • the thickness t of the central light-emitting portion be 1.5 mm or less, and more preferably, 1.0 mm or less. Further, it is preferable that the thickness t of the central light-emitting portion be 0.3 mm or more from the viewpoint of mechanical strength.
  • the thickness T of the thick portion be 0.5 mm or more from the viewpoint of color temperature stability, and more preferably, 1.0 mm or more. However, if the thickness T of the thick portion exceeds 5 mm, thermal stress during light-on is increased to reduce the reliability of the light-emitting vessel, so that the thickness T is preferably 5 mm or less.
  • a ratio of the thickness T of the thick portion be 1.1 or more, and more preferably 1.5 or more, from the viewpoint of the present invention. Further, it is preferable that, when the thickness t of the central light-emitting portion is set to 1, the ratio of the thickness T of the thick portion be 10 or less, and more preferably 5 or less, from the viewpoint of avoiding stress concentration to the step area.
  • the thick portions thicker than the translucent portion by forming a thick difference by devising the inside and outside die shapes or making the thickness of an area corresponding to the translucent portion thinner by machining from outside.
  • the machining to make the thickness thinner it is easier to perform in the state of molded body before sintering (Green Machining) than performing after sintering.
  • the linear transmittance of the light-shielding film may be 3% or less, and more preferably, 1% or less.
  • a dark-colored coating material that absorbs light is desirable.
  • the temperature of the light-emitting vessel could reach approximately 1000°C during use, it is desirable that the material has excellent heat resistance.
  • the material be a material having a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the light-emitting vessel.
  • a cermet material consisting of refractory metal such as tungsten and molybdenum and a ceramic material such as alumina is preferable as a coating material of the thick portion.
  • the thickness of the coating material be 3 ⁇ m or more to obtain sufficient light-shielding performance. Further, if the thickness exceeds 10 ⁇ m, it is too thick due to mismatch of thermal expansion and the material can be easily peeled from the light-emitting vessel.
  • the cermet material is transformed into a paste-state, and then coated on the outside surface of the light-emitting vessel after temporary sintering by a screen printing method or the like at a predetermined position and thickness, and a coating film can be formed on the light-emitting vessel surface by hydrogen atmosphere baking after drying.
  • the followings can be exemplified as semi-transparent translucent ceramics that constitute the light-emitting vessel: polycrystal Al 2 O 3 , A1N and AlON or single crystal Al 2 O 3 , YAG and Y 2 O 3 having the surface roughness of Ra ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • semi-transparent means the following light transmittance: total light transmittance of 85% or more and linear transmittance of 45% or less.
  • the luminance center means an area having the highest luminance in the light-emitting portion. It is not necessary that the luminance center be one point, but may extend in a direction of vertical section.
  • a high intensity discharge lamp means a mercury lamp using mercury as the light-emitting material, a high-pressure sodium lamp using sodium as the light-emitting material, and a metal halide lamp using metal iodide as the light-emitting material.
  • Polycrystal ceramics are molded by a molding method such as extrusion molding suitable for a desired shape, press molding such as dry-bag pressing, cast molding, injection molding, and gel cast molding.
  • a molded body of a light-emitting container for high intensity discharge lamp which is used for the metal halide lamp shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , was manufactured by the gel cast molding method.
  • the diameter and thickness of the central light-emitting portion 7e were set to 3.9 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively, and the thickness of each thick portion 7d was set to 1.7 mm.
  • the thickness of the tubular portion 3 was set to 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the side end portion was set to 1.3 mm.
  • an outer die and an inner die were prepared, slurry for gel cast molding was cast into a gap formed between the outer die and the inner die, and released from the dies after curing.
  • a male molded body and a female molded body obtained were baked in the atmosphere of 1300°C in a fitted state, binder was removed and the bodies were temporary baked into a unified body. Then, paste made of tungsten powder and alumina powder was coated on an area corresponding to the thick portion of the unified temporarily baked body by a screen printing method and then dried.
  • the alumina temporary-sintered body was baked in the hydrogen atmosphere of 1800°C for three hours, and the light-emitting container 1 made of translucent polycrystal alumina ceramics was manufactured.
  • the average grain diameter of the crystal of the light-emitting container 1 after sintering is 25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the tubular portion 3 is 0.4 mm.
  • the total length L of the light-emitting vessel 7 is 10 mm
  • the diameter of the central light-emitting portion 7e is 3 mm
  • the length p is 4 mm
  • the thickness t is 0.5 mm.
  • the length n and the thickness T of the thick portion 7b are 2 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively.
  • the light-shielding film 11 made of tungsten-alumina cermet and having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed.
  • the linear transmittance of the light-shielding film 11 is 2% or less.
  • the light-shielding film 11 coats 100% of step surface 7g between the outer surface 7b of each thick portion 7d and the central light-emitting portion.
  • the electrode holding member 2 which was formed by joining the electrodes 5 including a coil portion made of tungsten to an introducing conductor portion made of niobium via molybdenum, was inserted into one tubular portion 3 of the light-emitting container 1.
  • the position of a joint portion between the introducing conductor portion and molybdenum was temporarily fixed by a jig such that the introducing conductor comes outside a capillary in the vicinity of a capillary end portion.
  • a ring-shaped sealing frit material was inserted from the introducing conductor and placed on the capillary end portion, the area was heated and melted to a predetermined temperature and air-tightly sealed.
  • FIG. 1 shows the sectional view of the light-emitting vessel during light-on.
  • Color stability of the lamp was evaluated by evaluating time dependency of color rendering properties.
  • the lamp indicated color rendering properties index Ra85 at the initial state, and indicated a substantially equal value of color rendering properties index 83 even after 1,000 hours of lighting test. Further, lamp light emission efficiency that was simultaneously evaluated was 90 lm/W at the initial state and maintained substantially equal lamp light emission efficiency of 88 lm/W after 1,000 hours of lighting test.
  • Durability of the lamp was evaluated by repeating light-on/light-off and confirming changes of the light emission efficiency of the lamp.
  • the lamp light emission efficiency after 1,000 cycles of light-on/light-off test was 85 lm/w comparing to the initial lamp light emission efficiency of 90 1m/W, which was maintained at substantially equal lamp light emission efficiency after the light-on/light-off test.
  • Example 1 the outer surface 7a of each side end portion 7c and the outer surface 3b of each tubular portion 3 were coated with the light-shielding film 11 in addition to the outer surface 7b of each thick portion 7d. Test results are shown below.
  • Color stability of the lamp was evaluated by evaluating the time dependency of color rendering properties similarly to the Example.
  • the lamp indicated color rendering properties index Ra85 at the initial state.
  • the color rendering properties index is reduced to 60 after 400 hours, and the lamp became light-out at 500 hours.
  • Durability of the lamp was evaluated by repeating light-on/light-off and confirming changes of the light emission efficiency of the lamp similarly to the Example.
  • the lamp light emission efficiency after 300 cycles of light-on/light-off test was deteriorated to 50 lm/W comparing to the initial lamp light emission efficiency of 90 lm/W, and the lamp became light-out at 350th cycle.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Licht emittierender Behälter für eine Hochintensitätsentladungslampe, wobei der Behälter aufweist:
    ein Licht emittierendes Gefäß (7) mit einer durchsichtigen polykristallinen Keramik, wobei das Licht emittierende Gefäß einen zentralen Licht emittierenden Abschnitt (7e), dicke Abschnitte (7d) auf beiden Seiten des zentralen Licht emittierenden Abschnitts, die dicker als der zentrale Licht emittierende Abschnitt sind, und Seitenendabschnitte (7c), die jeweils an äußeren Seiten der dicken Abschnitte bereitgestellt sind, aufweist;
    röhrenförmige Abschnitte (3), die jeweils aus den Seitenendabschnitten herausragen;
    Elektroden (5), die in einem inneren Raum des Licht emittierenden Gefäßes bereitgestellt sind;
    Elektrodenhaltebauteile (2), die durch die röhrenförmigen Abschnitte eingeführt sind und jeweils die Elektroden halten;
    ein Dichtungsmaterial (4), das einen Raum zwischen dem röhrenförmigen Abschnitt und dem Elektrodenhaltebauteil abdichtet; und
    einen Lichtabschirmfilm (11), der eine äußere Fläche (7b) des dicken Abschnitts auf dem gesamten Umfang um eine Röhrenachse des Licht emittierenden Gefäßes bedeckt,
    wobei äußere Oberflächen des zentralen Licht emittierenden Abschnitts, der Seitenendabschnitte und der röhrenförmigen Abschnitte nicht mit dem Licht abschirmenden Film bedeckt sind.
  2. Licht emittierender Behälter für eine Hochintensitätsentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Dicke (t) des zentralen Licht emittierenden Abschnitts 0,3 mm bis 1,5 mm ist, eine Dicke (T) des dicken Abschnitts 0,5 mm bis 5,0 mm ist, und die Dicke des dicken Abschnitts 1,1 mal die Dicke des zentralen Licht emittierenden Abschnitts oder größer ist.
  3. Licht emittierender Behälter für eine Hochintensitätsentladungslampe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Licht abschirmende Film ein Cermet eines feuerfesten Metalls und eine Keramik aufweist, und wobei eine Dicke des Licht abschirmenden Films zwischen 3 und 10 µm ist.
  4. Licht emittierender Behälter für eine Hochintensitätsentladungslampe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Licht abschirmende Film 20% oder mehr und 95% oder weniger einer gesamten Oberflächenfläche von äußeren Oberflächen des zentralen Licht emittierenden Abschnitts, der dicken Abschnitte und Stufenoberflächen zwischen dem zentralen Licht emittierenden Abschnitt und den dicken Abschnitten bedeckt.
EP09169339A 2008-09-04 2009-09-03 Entladungsgefäss für Entladungslampen hoher Intensität Active EP2172961B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008226796A JP5243153B2 (ja) 2008-09-04 2008-09-04 高輝度放電灯用発光容器

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2172961A1 EP2172961A1 (de) 2010-04-07
EP2172961B1 true EP2172961B1 (de) 2011-04-13

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EP09169339A Active EP2172961B1 (de) 2008-09-04 2009-09-03 Entladungsgefäss für Entladungslampen hoher Intensität

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EP (1) EP2172961B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5243153B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE505809T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602009001080D1 (de)

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05283050A (ja) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-29 Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp 投光光源装置
JPH06342644A (ja) * 1992-05-29 1994-12-13 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd 反射型高圧放電灯
US5708328A (en) * 1992-06-03 1998-01-13 General Electric Company Universal burn metal halide lamp
JPH07130336A (ja) * 1993-10-29 1995-05-19 Matsushita Electron Corp メタルハライドランプ
GB9707291D0 (en) * 1997-04-04 1997-05-28 Gen Electric Ceramic metal halide arc lamp and method of making it
JP2004006198A (ja) * 2002-07-26 2004-01-08 Ngk Insulators Ltd 高圧放電灯、照明装置、自動車用ヘッドランプおよび高圧放電灯用発光管
US20040056600A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-25 Lapatovich Walter P. Electric lamp with condensate reservoir and method of operation thereof
AU2003259423A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-29 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Mercury free metal halide lamp
JP2004227983A (ja) * 2003-01-24 2004-08-12 Nec Lighting Ltd 超高圧水銀ランプ
JP2006093045A (ja) * 2004-09-27 2006-04-06 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp 高圧放電ランプおよび照明装置
DE102004056004A1 (de) * 2004-11-19 2006-05-24 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckentladungslampe
JP4743847B2 (ja) * 2005-05-18 2011-08-10 株式会社小糸製作所 自動車用前照灯
US7852006B2 (en) * 2005-06-30 2010-12-14 General Electric Company Ceramic lamp having molybdenum-rhenium end cap and systems and methods therewith
JP2007026921A (ja) * 2005-07-19 2007-02-01 Koito Mfg Co Ltd 自動車用放電バルブ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5243153B2 (ja) 2013-07-24
ATE505809T1 (de) 2011-04-15
DE602009001080D1 (de) 2011-05-26
JP2010062010A (ja) 2010-03-18
EP2172961A1 (de) 2010-04-07

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