EP2165804B1 - Grinding machine for the surface machining of tubes - Google Patents

Grinding machine for the surface machining of tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2165804B1
EP2165804B1 EP20090171146 EP09171146A EP2165804B1 EP 2165804 B1 EP2165804 B1 EP 2165804B1 EP 20090171146 EP20090171146 EP 20090171146 EP 09171146 A EP09171146 A EP 09171146A EP 2165804 B1 EP2165804 B1 EP 2165804B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
axis
along
machining
grinding
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EP20090171146
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2165804A2 (en
EP2165804A3 (en
Inventor
Dieter Grune
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GRUNE RAYK
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GRUNE RAYK
GRUNE RAYK
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/363Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding surfaces of revolution in situ
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/02Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding rotationally symmetrical surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/033Other grinding machines or devices for grinding a surface for cleaning purposes, e.g. for descaling or for grinding off flaws in the surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/04Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/37Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding rolls, e.g. barrel-shaped rolls

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schleifanlage, sowie ein Verfahren für die Oberflächenbearbeitung von Rohren, insbesondere von Rohrenden. Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere eine Schleifanlage für das Abtragen einer an der Rohroberfläche überstehenden Schweißnaht.The invention relates to a grinding system, and a method for the surface treatment of pipes, in particular pipe ends. In particular, the invention relates to a grinding system for the removal of a weld protruding from the pipe surface.

Rohre werden häufig aus Blech gebogen, wobei die aufeinander stoßenden Blechenden in Längsrichtung miteinander verschweißt werden. Dabei können Nahtüberhöhungen entstehen, welche vollständig entfernt werden müssen, mit der Maßgabe, dass keine Nahtkanten zurückbleiben. Um einzelne Rohrsegmente miteinander zu einem längeren Rohr zu verbinden, werden die Rohrsegmente miteinander verschweißt. Das Verschweißen der Rohrsegmente miteinander erfolgt dabei durch rundum laufende Schweißautomaten. Um zu verhindern, dass die Schweißautomaten an den Nahtüberhöhungen der Rohrsegmente, insbesondere in den Endbereichen der Rohrsegmente, aus der Schweißbahn gebracht werden, müssen die Nahtüberhöhungen zumindest an den Rohrenden der Rohrsegmente abgetragen werden.Tubes are often bent from sheet metal, with the abutting plate ends being welded together in the longitudinal direction. This can cause seam exaggerations, which must be completely removed, with the proviso that no seam edges remain. To connect individual pipe segments together to form a longer pipe, the pipe segments are welded together. The welding of the pipe segments with each other is done by all around running welding machines. In order to prevent the welding machines from being brought out of the welding path at the seam exaggerations of the pipe segments, in particular in the end regions of the pipe segments, the seam exaggerations must be removed at least at the pipe ends of the pipe segments.

Es ist bekannt, Schleifsysteme einzusetzen, welche durch einen auf dem Rohr umlaufenden Antrieb um das Rohr bewegt werden und während des Umlaufs die Nahtüberhöhungen abtragen. Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass durch den auf dem Rohr umlaufenden Antrieb Ungenauigkeiten des Rohrs auf das Schleifsystem übertragen werden und damit das Schleifergebnis negativ beeinflussen. Dies erfordert unter Umständen mehrere Schleifvorgänge, um ein gewünschtes Schleifergebnis zu erreichen. Ein derartiges Schleifsystem ist aus der US 4,483,106 bekannt.It is known to use grinding systems, which are moved around the pipe by a revolving on the pipe drive and remove the seam excessively during the circulation. The disadvantage here is that inaccuracies of the pipe are transmitted to the grinding system by the peripheral drive on the pipe and thus adversely affect the grinding result. This may require multiple sanding operations to achieve a desired sanding result. Such a grinding system is from the US 4,483,106 known.

Aus der WO 93/02834 A1 ist ein Schleifgerät zum Schleifen von zylindrischen Oberflächen, etwa einer Walze bekannt. Das Schleifgerät weist ein Gestell und eine an dem Gestell befestigte Schleifvorrichtung auf. Das Gestell weist Rollen auf, welche auf einer Schiene aufgesetzt werden können, um das Gestell auf der Schiene entlang der zylindrischen Oberfläche parallel zur Längsachse der Walze zu bewegen.From the WO 93/02834 A1 For example, a grinder is known for grinding cylindrical surfaces, such as a roller. The sander has a frame and a grinder attached to the frame. The frame has rollers which can be placed on a rail to move the rack on the rail along the cylindrical surface parallel to the longitudinal axis of the roller.

Aus der JP 3154758 A ist ein Verfahren zum Abtragen einer Schweißnaht auf einer Oberfläche eines Rohres bekannt. Zum Bestimmen der Lage der Schweißnaht auf der Rohroberfläche sind zwei Potentiometer vorgesehen. Die unterschiedlichen Messwerte der beiden Potentiometer geben Aufschluss über die Lage der Schweißnaht an der Rohroberfläche.From the JP 3154758 A For example, a method for removing a weld on a surface of a pipe is known. To determine the position of the weld on the pipe surface, two potentiometers are provided. The different measured values of the two potentiometers provide information about the position of the weld on the pipe surface.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Schleifanlage für die Oberflächenbearbeitung von Rohren, insbesondere von Rohrenden, zu schaffen, mit welcher hochpräzise Schleifnähte erzeugt werden können, ohne dass Ungenauigkeiten des Rohrs das Schleifergebnis beeinflussen.The object of the present invention is to provide a grinding system for the surface treatment of pipes, in particular pipe ends, with which high-precision grinding seams can be produced without inaccuracies in the pipe influencing the grinding result.

Demnach wird gemäß Anspruch 1 eine Schleifanlage für die Oberflächenbearbeitung von Rohren, insbesondere von Rohrenden bereitgestellt.Accordingly, according to claim 1, a grinding plant for the surface machining of pipes, in particular provided by pipe ends.

Bevorzugt kann der Schleifer um die dritte Achse relativ zur Klemmvorrichtung schwenkbar sein.Preferably, the grinder can be pivotable about the third axis relative to the clamping device.

Das Schleifsystem kann mindestens einen Abstandssensor zur Messung des Abstandes zwischen dem Schleifer und dem Rohr an verschiedenen Positionen entlang der ersten Achse aufweisen.The grinding system may include at least one distance sensor for measuring the distance between the grinder and the tube at various positions along the first axis.

In einer Ausführungsform kann das Schleifsystem zwei Abstandssensoren aufweisen, welche an verschiedenen Positionen auf der ersten Achse angeordnet und mit dem Schleifer verbunden sind.In one embodiment, the grinding system may include two distance sensors disposed at different positions on the first axis and connected to the wiper.

Die Abstandssensoren können Lasersensoren umfassen.The distance sensors may include laser sensors.

An der Klemmvorrichtung können zwei Schleifsysteme angeordnet sein, wobei ein erstes Schleifsystem außerhalb des Rohres angeordnet ist und wobei ein zweites Schleifsystem innerhalb des Rohres angeordnet ist.Two grinding systems can be arranged on the clamping device, wherein a first grinding system is arranged outside the tube and wherein a second grinding system is arranged inside the tube.

Des Weiteren wird ein Verfahren zur Oberflächenbearbeitung von Rohren, insbesondere von Rohrenden, mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Schleifanlage bereitgestellt, welches die folgenden Schritte umfasst:

  • ein Fixieren der Klemmvorrichtung der Schleifanlage an dem Rohr, sodass die Klemmvorrichtung fest mit dem Rohr verbunden ist,
  • ein Bewegen des Schleifers entlang der drei Achsen relativ zur Klemmvorrichtung, wobei für die Bewegung des Schleifers entlang dieser drei Achsen jeweils ein Achsenmittel vorgesehen ist,
  • einen Oberflächenvermessungsschritt zum Vermessen eines zu bearbeitenden Ausschnittes einer Rohroberfläche,
  • einen Berechnungsschritt zum Ermitteln von Bearbeitungswerten aus den Messwerten des Oberflächenvermessungsschritts, wobei der Berechnungsschritt umfasst:
    • Ermitteln der Messwerte aus den Messwerten des Oberflächenvermessungsschritts, welche eine Schweißnaht beschreiben, und
    • Ersetzen der ermittelten Messwerte durch Bearbeitungswerte, wobei die Bearbeitungswerte durch Interpolation der Rohroberfläche im Bereich der Schweißnaht ermittelt werden, und
  • einen Oberflächenbearbeitungsschritt zum Bearbeiten des vermessenen Ausschnittes der Rohroberfläche anhand der Bearbeitungswerte.
Furthermore, a method for the surface treatment of pipes, in particular pipe ends, with an inventive grinding system is provided, which comprises the following steps:
  • fixing the grinding device clamping device to the pipe so that the clamping device is firmly connected to the pipe,
  • a movement of the grinder along the three axes relative to the clamping device, wherein an axis means is provided for the movement of the grinder along these three axes,
  • a surface measuring step for measuring a section of a pipe surface to be machined,
  • a calculation step of determining processing values from the measurements of the surface surveying step, the calculating step comprising:
    • Determining the measured values from the measured values of the surface measuring step, which describe a weld, and
    • Replacement of the measured values determined by processing values, whereby the processing values by interpolation of the tube surface in the range of Weld, and
  • a surface processing step for processing the measured section of the pipe surface based on the processing values.

Der Oberflächenvermessungsschritt kann dabei umfassen:

  • Messen des Abstandes (A) zwischen mindestens einem Abstandssensor und der Rohroberfläche, indem eine Messfahrt durchgeführt wird,
    • wobei der mindestens eine Abstandssensor entlang der Tangentialachse (T, T') relativ zum zu bearbeitenden Ausschnitt der Rohroberfläche bewegt wird und
    • wobei der mindestens eine Abstandssensor Messpunkte entlang der Messtrecke aufnimmt, welche das Oberflächenprofil der Rohroberfläche entlang der Messtrecke beschreiben.
The surface surveying step may include:
  • Measuring the distance (A) between at least one distance sensor and the pipe surface by performing a measuring run,
    • wherein the at least one distance sensor is moved along the tangential axis (T, T ') relative to the section of the pipe surface to be machined, and
    • wherein the at least one distance sensor receives measuring points along the measuring path, which describe the surface profile of the pipe surface along the measuring path.

Der Oberflächenbearbeitungsschritt kann umfassen:

  • Anordnen einer Oberflächenbearbeitungseinrichtung an der Rohroberfläche, und
  • Bewegen der Oberflächenbearbeitungseinrichtung entlang der Rohroberfläche,
    • wobei die Position entlang einer ersten Achse (A, A') konstant bleibt, und
    • wobei die Bewegung der Oberflächenbearbeitungseinrichtung entlang einer zweiten Achse (R, R') und entlang einer dritten Achse (T, T') durch die Bearbeitungswerte aus dem Berechnungsschritt vorgegeben sind.
The surface processing step may include:
  • Arranging a surface treatment device on the pipe surface, and
  • Moving the surface treatment device along the pipe surface,
    • the position being constant along a first axis (A, A '), and
    • wherein the movement of the surface treatment device along a second axis (R, R ') and along a third axis (T, T') are predetermined by the processing values from the calculation step.

Die Neigung der Oberflächenbearbeitungseinrichtung um die dritte Achse kann durch die Bearbeitungswerte aus dem Berechnungsschritt vorgegeben sein, wobei die Differenz der gemessenen Abstände d1 und d2 bei verschiedenen Positionen entlang der ersten Achse für jede Position entlang der dritten Achse ein Maß für die Neigung bilden.The inclination of the surface treatment device about the third axis may be predetermined by the machining values from the calculation step, wherein the difference of the measured distances d1 and d2 at different positions along the first axis form a measure of the inclination for each position along the third axis.

Der Oberflächenvermessungsschritt, der Berechnungsschritt und der Oberflächenbearbeitungsschritt können für eine Rohraußenfläche und eine Rohrinnenfläche durchgeführt werden.The surface surveying step, the calculating step, and the surface processing step may be performed for a pipe outside surface and a pipe inside surface.

Der Oberflächenvermessungsschritt, der Berechnungsschritt und der Oberflächenbearbeitungsschritt können für unterschiedliche Positionen in Richtung der ersten Achse von Oberflächenbearbeitungseinrichtungen relativ zur jeweiligen Rohroberfläche durchgeführt werden und wobei der Oberflächenvermessungsschritt, der Berechnungsschritt und der Oberflächenbearbeitungsschritt für die Rohraußenfläche und die Rohrinnenfläche unabhängig voneinander durchgeführt werden können.The surface surveying step, the calculating step and the surface working step may be performed for different positions in the direction of the first axis of surface processing devices relative to the respective pipe surface, and wherein the surface surveying step, the calculating step and the surface working step for the pipe outside surface and inside pipe surface can be performed independently.

Das Verfahren kann des Weiteren einen Kalibrierschritt zur Kalibrierung von Abstandssensoren und einen Auslaufschritt zum Erzeugen eines Übergangschliffes zwischen einer Schweißnahtüberhöhung und der Rohroberfläche umfassen.The method may further comprise a calibration step for calibrating distance sensors and an outfeed step for producing a cross-cut between a weld overlay and the pipe surface.

Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. Es zeigt

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Schleifanlage für die Oberflächenbearbeitung von Rohren mit einem Schleifsystem für die Bearbeitung der Rohraußenfläche und mit einem Schleifsystem für die Bearbeitung der Rohrinnenfläche;
Fig. 2
einen Schleifer der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifanlage während der Durchführung einer Messfahrt in einer Ansicht entlang der Längsachse eines zu beschleifenden Rohres und in einer Ansicht senkrecht zur Längsachse des Rohres;
Fig. 3
die Anordnung eines Schleifers zusammen mit zwei Abstandssensoren relativ zum zu bearbeitenden Rohrende in geneigter Position;
Fig. 4
ein von den Sensoren eines Schleifsystems aufgenommenes Oberflächenprofil einer Schweißnaht; und
Fig. 5
ein mittels Interpolation ermitteltes Oberflächenprofil des Rohrs im Bereich der Schweißnaht.
Details and features of the invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings. It shows
Fig. 1
a grinding system for the surface treatment of pipes according to the invention with a grinding system for processing the pipe outer surface and with a grinding system for processing the pipe inner surface;
Fig. 2
a grinder of the grinding system according to the invention during the performance of a test drive in a view along the longitudinal axis of a grinding tube and in a view perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube;
Fig. 3
the arrangement of a grinder together with two distance sensors relative to the pipe end to be machined in an inclined position;
Fig. 4
a recorded by the sensors of a grinding system surface profile of a weld; and
Fig. 5
a determined by interpolation surface profile of the pipe in the region of the weld.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schleifanlage mit zwei Schleifsystemen 5 und 5', wobei das erste Schleifsystem 5 für die Oberflächenbearbeitung der Rohraußenfläche 2a und das zweite Schleifsystem 5' für die Oberflächenbearbeitung der Rohrinnenfläche 2b eines Rohrs 2 vorgesehen ist. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an inventive grinding system with two grinding systems 5 and 5 ', wherein the first grinding system 5 for the surface treatment of the pipe outer surface 2a and the second grinding system 5' for the surface treatment of the pipe inner surface 2b of a tube 2 is provided.

Der Aufbau der Schleifsysteme 5 und 5' sowie deren Funktionsweise wird anhand des ersten Schleifsystems 5 für die Oberflächenbearbeitung der Rohraußenfläche 2a detailliert beschrieben. Das zweite Schleifsystem 5' ist im Wesentlichen identisch zu dem ersten Schleifsystem 5 ausgestaltet.The structure of the grinding systems 5 and 5 'and their operation will be described in detail with reference to the first grinding system 5 for the surface treatment of the pipe outer surface 2a. The second grinding system 5 'is designed substantially identical to the first grinding system 5.

Die Schleifanlage weist eine Klemmvorrichtung 10 auf, mit welcher vor Beginn eines Schleifvorganges die Schleifanlage am Rohrende eines Rohrs 2 fixiert wird. Die Klemmvorrichtung 10 wird dabei so an dem Rohr 2 fixiert, dass diese fest mit dem Rohr 2 verbunden ist. An der Klemmvorrichtung 10 ist ein Schleifsystem 5 angeordnet. Das Schleifsystem 5 weist im Wesentlichen aus einen Schleifer 20 auf. Der Schleifer 20 kann beispielsweise ein Bandschleifer mit einer vorbestimmten Breite der Kontaktscheibe 70 sein. Die Breite der Kontaktscheibe 70 des Bandschleifers kann beispielsweise 100 mm betragen.The grinding system has a clamping device 10, with which before the beginning of a grinding process, the grinding system is fixed to the pipe end of a tube 2. The clamping device 10 is fixed to the tube 2 so that it is firmly connected to the tube 2. At the clamping device 10, a grinding system 5 is arranged. The grinding system 5 essentially comprises a grinder 20. For example, the grinder 20 may be a belt sander having a predetermined width of the contact disk 70. The width of the contact disk 70 of the belt grinder can be, for example, 100 mm.

Der Schleifer 20 ist entlang einer ersten Achse A-A', entlang einer zweiten Achse R-R' und entlang einer dritten Achse T-T' bewegbar. Für die Bewegung des Schleifers 20 entlang dieser drei Achsen sieht das Schleifsystem 5 jeweils ein Achsenmittel vor. Für die translatorischen Bewegungen des Schleifers 20 entlang der drei Achsen sind entsprechende Bewegungs- und Führungsmittel vorgesehen, die hier nicht gezeigt sind.The wiper 20 is movable along a first axis A-A 'along a second axis R-R' and along a third axis T-T '. For the movement of the grinder 20 along these three axes, the grinding system 5 each provides an axis means. For the translational movements of the grinder 20 along the three axes corresponding movement and guide means are provided, which are not shown here.

Damit ist der Schleifer 20 in drei Richtungen relativ zur Klemmvorrichtung 10 und, da die Klemmvorrichtung 10 fest mit dem Rohr 2 verbunden ist, auch in drei Richtungen relativ zum Rohr 2 bewegbar.Thus, the wiper 20 is movable in three directions relative to the clamping device 10 and, since the clamping device 10 is fixedly connected to the tube 2, also in three directions relative to the tube 2.

Zusätzlich ist der Schleifer 20 mit Drehmitteln 60 um die dritten Achse T-T' schwenkbar.In addition, the wiper 20 is pivotable about the third axis T-T 'with rotating means 60.

Die Rohraußenfläche 2a kann somit mit einem mit vier Freiheitsgraden (bewegbar entlang der Achsen A-A', R-R', T-T' und schwenkbar um die Achse T-T') ausgestatteten Schleifsystem 5 bearbeitet werden.The tube outer surface 2a can thus be processed with a grinding system 5 equipped with four degrees of freedom (movable along the axes A-A ', R-R', T-T 'and pivotable about the axis T-T').

Bevor ein Schleifvorgang durchgeführt wird, wird der zu schleifende Bereich, in welchem sich auch die abzutragende Schweißnaht befindet, in mindestens einem Schritt vermessen. Dabei bleibt die Position des Schleifers 20 und der mit diesem fest verbundenen Abstandssensoren 80, 81 relativ zur Achse A-A' konstant, während die Messung parallel zur Achse T-T' durchgeführt wird.Before a grinding operation is carried out, the area to be ground, in which the weld seam to be removed is located, is measured in at least one step. In this case, the position of the grinder 20 and the distance sensors 80, 81 fixedly connected thereto remain constant relative to the axis A-A 'while the measurement is carried out parallel to the axis T-T'.

Eine schematische Darstellung einer Messfahrt ist in Fig. 2 gezeigt. Dazu sind an beiden Seiten des Schleifers 20 Abstandssensoren 80, 81 an verschiedenen Positionen entlang der Achse A-A' angeordnet, mit welchen mit einer Messfahrt die Rohroberfläche 2a samt Schweißnaht parallel zur Achse T-T' und damit im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Schweißnaht vermessen wird. Die Abstandssensoren 80, 81 sind vorzugsweise entlang der Mittelachse der Kontaktscheibe 70 angeordnet. Die Abstandssensoren 80, 81 sind fest mit Schleifer 20 verbunden, sodass sie zusammen mit dem Schleifer 20 bewegbar bzw. schwenkbar sind. Als Abstandssensoren 80, 81 können Abstandslasersensoren oder andere zur Messung eines Abstandes geeignete Sensoren verwendet werden. Das Vermessen der Rohroberfläche erfolgt durch Messen des Abstandes A zwischen den Abstandssensoren 80, 81 und der Rohraußenfläche.A schematic representation of a test drive is in Fig. 2 shown. For this purpose, on both sides of the grinder 20 distance sensors 80, 81 are arranged at different positions along the axis AA ', which is measured with a test drive the tube surface 2a together with weld parallel to the axis TT' and thus substantially perpendicular to the weld. The distance sensors 80, 81 are preferably arranged along the central axis of the contact disk 70. The distance sensors 80, 81 are fixedly connected to grinder 20, so that they are movable or pivotable together with the grinder 20. As distance sensors 80, 81, distance laser sensors or other sensors suitable for measuring a distance can be used. The measurement of the tube surface is carried out by measuring the distance A between the distance sensors 80, 81 and the tube outer surface.

Für den Messvorgang wird zunächst die Kontaktscheibe 70 des Bandschleifers 20 in eine parallele Stellung zur Rohroberfläche gestellt. Hierzu wird mit den Abstandssensoren 80, 81 der jeweilige Abstand des Schleifers zur Rohroberfläche gemessen. Unterschiede werden durch eine entsprechende Drehung des Schleifers 20 um die Achse T-T' ausgeglichen, so dass anschließend der von beiden Abstandssensoren 80, 81 gemessene Abstand zur Rohroberfläche gleich ist. Das parallele Anordnen der beiden Abstandssensoren 80, 81 bzw. des Bandschleifers 20 zur Rohroberfläche 2a erfolgt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich der Rohroberfläche, an dem sich keine Schweißnaht befindet. Eine derartige Anordnung des Bandschleifers 20 bzw. der Abstandssensoren 80, 81 ist in Fig. 3 gezeigt.For the measuring process, the contact disk 70 of the belt grinder 20 is first placed in a parallel position to the pipe surface. For this purpose, with the distance sensors 80, 81 of the respective distance of the grinder is measured to the tube surface. Differences are compensated by a corresponding rotation of the grinder 20 about the axis TT ', so that subsequently the distance measured by the two distance sensors 80, 81 from the tube surface is the same. The parallel arrangement of the two distance sensors 80, 81 and the belt grinder 20 to the tube surface 2a is preferably carried out in a region of the tube surface on which there is no weld. Such an arrangement of the belt grinder 20 and the distance sensors 80, 81 is in Fig. 3 shown.

Im Anschluss an das Parallelstellen des Bandschleifers 20 wird die eigentliche Messfahrt durchgeführt. Während der Messfahrt bleibt die Position des Bandschleifers 20 hinsichtlich der ersten Achse A-A' und hinsichtlich der zweiten Achse R-R' konstant. Es findet lediglich eine Bewegung des Schleifers 20 entlang der dritten Achse T-T' statt (in Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 durch Pfeile P dargestellt).Following the parallel positioning of the belt sander 20, the actual measuring run is carried out. During the measuring run, the position of the belt grinder 20 with respect to the first axis AA 'and with respect to the second axis RR' remains constant. There is only a movement of the grinder 20 along the third axis TT 'instead of (in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 represented by arrows P).

Während der Messfahrt nehmen die Abstandssensoren 80, 81 entlang der Messstrecke Messpunkte auf, welche das Rohrprofil entlang dieser Messstrecke beschreiben. Da sich die beiden Abstandssensoren 80, 81 während einer Messfahrt in unterschiedlichen Positionen relativ zur Achse LR-LR' befinden (vgl. untere Abbildung in Fig. 2), werden durch die Abstandssensoren 80, 81 Messpunkte von zwei unterschiedlichen Messstrecken aufgenommen.During the measuring run, the distance sensors 80, 81 record measuring points along the measuring path, which describe the tube profile along this measuring path. Since the two distance sensors 80, 81 are in different positions relative to the axis LR-LR 'during a measuring run (see the lower illustration in FIG Fig. 2 ), are recorded by the distance sensors 80, 81 measuring points of two different measuring sections.

Die Messpunkte für beide Messstrecken können alternativ auch mit nur einem Abstandssensor aufgenommen, wobei zwei Messfahrten mit jeweils einer verschiedenen Position des Sensors auf der Achse A-A' vorgenommen werden.Alternatively, the measuring points for both measuring sections can also be recorded with only one distance sensor, wherein two measuring movements are carried out, each with a different position of the sensor on the axis AA '.

Aus den während der Messfahrt aufgenommenen Messpunkten wird in einem weiteren Schritt die Schleifkurve ermittelt, entlang derer sich der Bandschleifers 20 bewegen muss um die Nahtüberhöhungen auf dem Rohr abzutragen. Das Ermitteln der Schleifkurve wird nun in Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 4 und 5 näher beschrieben.From the measuring points recorded during the measuring run, the grinding curve is determined in a further step, along which the belt grinder 20 has to move in order to remove the seam exaggerations on the pipe. The determination of the grinding curve will now be in connection with the FIGS. 4 and 5 described in more detail.

Fig. 4 zeigt zwei Messkurven 101, 102, welche von den beiden Abstandssensoren 80 bzw. 81 während einer Messfahrt aufgenommen wurden, wobei die Punkte der Messkurve 101 von dem ersten Abstandssensor 80 aufgenommen wurden und die Punkte der zweiten Messkurve 102 von dem zweiten Abstandssensor 81 aufgenommen wurden. Auf der X-Achse, die im Wesentlichen der Achse T-T' entspricht, ist die Position der Abstandssensoren 80 bzw. 81 entlang der Achse T-T' aufgetragen, auf der Y-Achse, die im Wesentlichen der Achse R-R' entspricht, der jeweils zugehörige Abstand der Abstandssensoren 80 bzw. 81 zur Rohroberfläche. Fig. 4 shows two measurement curves 101, 102, which were taken by the two distance sensors 80 and 81 during a measurement run, the points of the measurement curve 101 were taken by the first distance sensor 80 and the points of the second measurement curve 102 were recorded by the second distance sensor 81. On the X-axis, which essentially corresponds to the axis TT ', the position of the distance sensors 80 and 81 along the axis TT' is plotted, on the Y-axis, which essentially corresponds to the axis RR ', the respectively associated distance the distance sensors 80 and 81 to the tube surface.

Aus diesen beiden Messkurven wird jeweils der Bereich, welcher die Schweißnaht darstellt (der Bereich der Messkurve zwischen den Punkten 105 und 106, vgl. Fig. 5), herausgetrennt und durch Interpolation, vorzugsweise durch Polynominterpolation, so interpoliert, dass eine optimale Schleifkurve für den Bandschleifer 20 erstellt wird. Die Polynominterpolation für beide Messkurven im Bereich der Schweißnaht erfolgt dabei so, dass die Anstiege der Polynome in den Randbereichen 105, 106 der Schweißnaht im Wesentlichen den Anstiegen der Rohroberfläche in den Randbereichen 105, 106 entspricht.From these two measurement curves, the region which represents the weld seam (the region of the measurement curve between points 105 and 106, cf. Fig. 5 ), and interpolated by interpolation, preferably by polynomial interpolation, so that an optimum grinding curve for the belt sander 20 is established. The polynomial interpolation for both measurement curves in the region of the weld seam is carried out in such a way that the increases in the polynomials in the edge regions 105, 106 of the weld essentially correspond to the rises in the pipe surface in the edge regions 105, 106.

Eine so interpolierte Rohroberfläche im Bereich der Schweißnaht ist in Fig. 5 dargestellt, wobei die interpolierte Kurve 101' der Messstrecke des ersten Abstandssensors 80 zugeordnet ist und die interpolierte Kurve 102' der Messstrecke des zweiten Abstandssensors 81 zugeordnet ist. Die beiden interpolierten Kurven 101' und 102' beschreiben die Randbereiche der Schleifkurve auf der sich der Bandschleifer 20 während der Schleiffahrt bewegen muss. Auf der X-Achse ist die berechnete Position des Bandschleifers 20 an der dritten Achse T-T' aufgetragen, auf der Y-Achse die berechnete Position des Bandschleifers 20 an der zweiten Achse R-R'.Such an interpolated pipe surface in the region of the weld is in Fig. 5 wherein the interpolated curve 101 'is assigned to the measuring path of the first distance sensor 80 and the interpolated curve 102' is assigned to the measuring path of the second distance sensor 81. The two interpolated curves 101 'and 102' describe the edge regions of the grinding curve on which the belt sander 20 must move during the grinding run. The calculated position of the belt grinder 20 on the third axis TT 'is plotted on the X-axis, on the Y-axis the calculated position of the belt grinder 20 on the second axis R-R '.

Der Bandschleifer 20 muss während der Schleiffahrt mit seinen beiden Kanten der Kontaktscheibe 70 entlang der interpolierten Kurven 101' und 102' geführt werden. Dazu wird der Bandschleifer 20 zunächst an Kanten der Schweißnaht auf der Rohroberfläche aufgesetzt. Die Schleiffahrt selbst erfolgt dann entlang der dritten Achse T-T' mit Hilfe der entsprechenden Bewegungsmittel. Jeder Position des Bandschleifers 20 entlang der dritten Achse T-T' ist dabei eine Position zur zweiten Achse R-R' zugeordnet.The belt sander 20 must be guided during the grinding operation with its two edges of the contact disk 70 along the interpolated curves 101 'and 102'. For this purpose, the belt sander 20 is first placed on edges of the weld on the pipe surface. The grinding itself is then along the third axis T-T 'using the appropriate means of movement. Each position of the belt grinder 20 along the third axis T-T 'is assigned a position relative to the second axis R-R'.

Wie in Fig. 5 erkennbar ist, sind die interpolierten Kurven 101' und 102' nicht deckungsgleich, sondern weisen eine Differenz hinsichtlich ihres Abstandes zur Kontaktscheibe 70 auf. Diese Differenz, die während der Schleiffahrt berücksichtigt werden muss, kann sich beispielsweise dadurch ergeben, dass das Rohr entlang seiner Längsachse LR-LR' leicht gebogen und/oder aufgeweitet und/oder unrund ist.As in Fig. 5 can be seen, the interpolated curves 101 'and 102' are not congruent, but have a difference in their distance from the contact disc 70 on. This difference, which has to be taken into account during the grinding operation, may result, for example, from the tube being slightly bent and / or widened and / or non-round along its longitudinal axis LR-LR '.

Die Differenz der interpolierten Kurven 101' und 102' stellt hierbei ein Maß für die Neigung des Bandschleifers 20 um die dritte Achse T-T' zwischen je zwei Punkten der Kurven 101' und 102' dar. Ist zwischen zwei Punkten der Kurven 101' und 102' eine Differenz vorhanden, muss der Bandschleifer 20 geneigt werden, damit beide Kanten der Kontaktscheibe 70 des Bandschleifers die Rohroberfläche in den interpolierten Kurven berühren. Die Neigung des Bandschleifers 20 kann für jedes Punktepaar der Kurven 101' und 102' vor der Schleiffahrt oder während der Schleiffahrt berechnet werden. Während des Schleifvorganges entlang der Rohroberfläche wird die Neigung des Bandschleifers 20 entsprechend der jeweiligen Differenz zwischen den Profilen 101' und 102' ständig angepasst. In einer einfacheren Ausführung der Erfindung kann auf diese fortlaufende Anpassung der Neigung während eines jeden Schleifgangs verzichtet werden.The difference between the interpolated curves 101 'and 102' represents a measure of the inclination of the belt grinder 20 about the third axis TT 'between every two points of the curves 101' and 102 '. Is between two points of the curves 101' and 102 ' a difference exists, the belt sander 20 must be tilted so that both edges of the contact disk 70 of the belt sander touch the pipe surface in the interpolated curves. The inclination of the belt grinder 20 can be calculated for each pair of points of the curves 101 'and 102' before the grinding run or during the grinding run. During the grinding process along the pipe surface, the inclination of the belt grinder 20 is constantly adjusted according to the respective difference between the profiles 101 'and 102'. In a simpler embodiment of the invention can be dispensed with this continuous adjustment of the inclination during each grinding cycle.

Nach einer Messfahrt sowie einer Schleiffahrt weist die Rohroberfläche in dem vom dem Bandschleifer 20 bearbeiteten Bereich ein Profil auf, welches in ihren Randbereichen den interpolierten Kurven 101' und 102' entspricht. Ein besonderer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifanlange und des erfindungsgemäßen Schleifverfahrens besteht darin, dass über eine Länge, welche der Breite des Bandschleifers 20 entspricht, die Schweißnahtüberhöhung sehr genau mit nur einer Schleiffahrt materialeben abgetragen werden kann.After a measuring run and a grinding run, the tube surface has a profile in the region machined by the belt grinder 20, which profile corresponds to the interpolated curves 101 'and 102' in its edge regions. A particular advantage of the grinding system according to the invention and of the grinding method according to the invention is that over a length which corresponds to the width of the belt grinder 20, the weld superelevation can be very precisely removed with just one grinding run.

Sofern die Schweißnaht über den bereits abgeschliffenen Bereich hinaus weiter abgeschliffen werden soll, wird der Bandschleifers 20 entlang der ersten Achse A-A' auf eine nächste Schleifposition verschoben. Anschließend kann mit einer weiteren Messfahrt begonnen werden. So kann ein längerer Bereich der Rohroberfläche 2a entlang der Längsachse des Rohres 2 mit gleich bleibend hoher Schleifqualität bearbeitet werden, so dass eine variable Schleiflänge bei konstanter Breite der Kontaktscheibe 70 des Bandschleifers 20 erreicht werden kann.If the weld seam is to be further abraded beyond the already abraded region, the belt grinder 20 is displaced along the first axis A-A 'to a next grinding position. Then you can start with another test drive. Thus, a longer region of the tube surface 2a along the longitudinal axis of the tube 2 can be processed with consistently high grinding quality, so that a variable grinding length can be achieved with a constant width of the contact disc 70 of the belt grinder 20.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Rohroberfläche entsprechend den aufgenommenen Messpunkten bzw. den entsprechenden Kurven 101' und 102' nur im Bereich der Schweißnaht geschliffen. Neben der ermittelten Schweißnaht wird der Bandschleifer 20 von der Rohroberfläche abgehoben, bzw. ein Teil des Bandschleifers mittels Neigung der um die dritte Achse T-T' von der Rohroberfläche entfernt.In a preferred embodiment, the pipe surface is ground in accordance with the recorded measuring points or the corresponding curves 101 'and 102' only in the region of the weld seam. In addition to the determined weld, the belt sander 20 is lifted off the pipe surface, or a portion of the belt sander by means of inclination of the third axis T-T 'removed from the pipe surface.

Dem gesamten Schleifvorgang kann zusätzlich ein Kalibierschliff vorgeschaltet und/oder ein Auslaufschliff nachgeschaltet werden.The entire grinding process can additionally be preceded by a calibration cut and / or an outlet cut can be connected downstream.

Der Kalibrierschliff wird einmalig beim ersten Schliff am Rohrende durchgeführt. Damit können die Abstandssensoren relativ zur Kontaktscheibe 70 des Bandschleifers 20 kalibriert werden. Mit dem Auslaufschliff kann als letzter Schliff der Übergang zwischen verbleibender Nahtüberhöhung und dem Rohr erzeugt werden.The calibration cut is carried out once at the first cut at the end of the pipe. Thus, the distance sensors can be calibrated relative to the contact disk 70 of the belt grinder 20. With the spout, the transition between remaining seam superelevation and the pipe can be created as the final touch.

In den Figuren nicht gezeigt ist eine Auswerte- bzw. Recheneinheit, welche die von den Abstandssensoren aufgenommenen Messwerte entgegennehmen und daraus die Kurven 101' und 102' berechnen kann. Die Auswerte- bzw. Recheneinheit kann auch dazu verwendet werden, das Schleifsystem 5 entsprechend der berechneten Schleifkurve zu steuern. Die Software für das Entgegennehmen der aufgenommenen Messwerte sowie für die Berechnung der Kurven 101' und 102' und damit der Berechnung des optimalen Schleifprofiles wird vorzugsweise für die Verwendung in einer Echtzeitbetriebsumgebung bereitgestellt.Not shown in the figures is an evaluation or arithmetic unit, which can receive the measured values recorded by the distance sensors and calculate therefrom the curves 101 'and 102'. The evaluation or arithmetic unit can also be used to control the grinding system 5 according to the calculated grinding curve. The software for taking the recorded measurements as well as for calculating the curves 101 'and 102', and thus the calculation of the optimal grinding profile, is preferably provided for use in a real-time operating environment.

Claims (13)

  1. A grinding assembly for the surface machining of tubes, in particular tube ends, comprising
    a clamping device (10) for attaching the grinding assembly to the tube end of a tube (2), and
    a grinding system (5) arranged on the clamping device (10) and including at least one grinder (20), said grinder (20) being movable relative to the clamping device (10) along a first axis (A, A'), along a second axis (R, R), and along a third axis (T, T'),
    characterised in that
    the clamping device (10) is attachable to the tube (2) in such a manner as to be firmly connected to the tube (2), an axial mechanism (30, 40, 50) being provided to allow the grinder (20) to be moved along each of said three axes, respectively.
  2. The grinding assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grinder (20) is pivotable about the third axis (T, T') relative to the clamping device (10).
  3. The grinding assembly as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the grinding system (5) has at least one distance sensor (80, 81) for measuring the distance between the grinder (20) and the tube (2) at different positions along the first axis (A - A').
  4. The grinding assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the grinding system (5) has two distance sensors (80, 81) which are arranged at different positions on the first axis (A, A') and are connected to the grinder.
  5. The grinding assembly as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein the distance sensors (80, 81) include laser sensors.
  6. The grinding assembly as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the clamping device (10) has two grinding systems (5, 5') arranged thereon, a first grinding system (5) being arranged outside the tube (2) and a second grinding system (5') being arranged inside the tube (2).
  7. A method for the surface machining of tubes, in particular tube ends, using a grinding assembly as claimed in any of the preceding claims, the method comprising:
    - attaching the clamping device (10) of the grinding assembly to the tube (2) in such a manner that the clamping device is firmly connected to the tube (2),
    - moving the grinder (20) along the three axes relative to the clamping device, an axial mechanism (30, 40, 50) being provided to allow the grinder (20) to be moved along each of said three axes, respectively,
    - a surface measurement step for measuring a section of a tube surface that is to be machined,
    - a calculation step for determining machining values based on the measured values of the surface measurement step, said calculation step comprising:
    - determining those measured values from among the measured values of the surface measurement step which describe a weld seam, and
    - replacing the determined measured values with machining values, said machining values being determined by means of an interpolation of the tube surface in the region of the weld seam, and
    - a surface machining step for machining the measured section of the tube surface based on said machining values.
  8. The method as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that said surface measurement step comprises:
    measuring the distance (A) between at least one distance sensor and the tube surface by performing a measurement run,
    - with the at least one distance sensor being moved along the tangential axis (T, T') relative to the section of the tube surface that is to be machined, and
    - with the at least one distance sensor recording measuring points along the measuring path that describe the surface profile of the tube surface along the measuring path.
  9. The method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the surface machining step comprises:
    - arranging a surface machining apparatus on the tube surface, and
    - moving the surface machining apparatus along the tube surface,
    - with the position along a first axis (A, A') remaining constant, and
    - with the movement of the surface machining apparatus along a second axis (R, R') and along a third axis (T, T') being predetermined by the machining values obtained from the calculation step.
  10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein an inclination of the surface machining apparatus relative to the third axis (T, T') is predetermined by the machining values obtained from the calculation step, wherein the difference between the distances (d1) and (d2) as measured at different positions along the axis (A, A') yields a measure of said inclination at each position along the axis (T, T'), respectively.
  11. The method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the surface measurement step, the calculation step, and the surface machining step are performed for a tube outer surface and a tube inner surface.
  12. The method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the surface measurement step, the calculation step, and the surface machining step are performed for different positions in the direction of the first axis (A, A') of surface machining apparatuses relative to the respective tube surfaces, and wherein the surface measurement step, the calculation step, and the surface machining step are performed independently from each other for the tube outer surface and the tube inner surface.
  13. The method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 12, further comprising a calibration step for calibrating distance sensors, and a final step for creating a transition grind between a raised weld seam and the tube surface.
EP20090171146 2008-09-23 2009-09-23 Grinding machine for the surface machining of tubes Not-in-force EP2165804B1 (en)

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DE200810048566 DE102008048566B4 (en) 2008-09-23 2008-09-23 Grinding machine for the surface treatment of pipes

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CN103465143B (en) * 2013-10-10 2016-01-20 国家电网公司 A kind of Non-Destructive Testing pipe special oxide skin automatically grinding devices and methods therefor
CN108908056A (en) * 2018-09-24 2018-11-30 天津市百瑞泰管业股份有限公司 A kind of surface derusting device for steel tubes based on insulating tube production
CN111347329B (en) * 2020-02-28 2021-07-13 宝鸡宇喆工业科技有限公司 Grinding and polishing method of grinding and polishing robot for weld joints at pipe ends of spiral steel pipes
CN111633474B (en) * 2020-05-15 2021-08-06 芜湖精艺铜业有限公司 Corrosion-resistant copper alloy pipe surface cleaning device and cleaning method
CN112059873B (en) * 2020-09-10 2022-06-28 山东大城防腐保温安装工程有限公司 Steel pipe surface rust cleaning device for building engineering
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CN112873010B (en) * 2021-01-14 2022-05-27 田雨欣 Hydraulic engineering pipeline surface rust cleaning device
CN113211082B (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-04-19 山东鲁能泰山铁塔有限公司 Pole body welding joint all-in-one machine for columnar iron tower
CN113696065A (en) * 2021-09-09 2021-11-26 扬州英奥车业有限公司 Intelligent stamping pipe fitting rust cleaning device
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CN114434226B (en) * 2022-01-15 2022-12-23 温岭市大精模具有限公司 Cylindrical grinding machine
CN116690384B (en) * 2023-06-27 2024-03-01 山东永安昊宇制管有限公司 Seamless steel tube blank oxide skin removing device and method
CN117464526A (en) * 2023-12-26 2024-01-30 中交第二公路工程局有限公司 Steel pipe rust cleaning device for bridge construction

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DE102008048566B4 (en) 2011-08-25
DE102008048566A1 (en) 2010-04-01
EP2165804A3 (en) 2010-12-22

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