EP2158366B1 - Half-module and half-element of absorptive formwork and method for constructing swimming pools - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a half-module for the formation of lost formwork elements for the construction of swimming pools, in particular having walls whose height varies gradually, a lost formwork element, and a method of building swimming pools.

Public pools are generally shallow at one end. Users can stand on the bottom, and thus get a sense of security. At the opposite end, the pool has a great depth, sufficient to allow for example diving. Between these extremes, the depth varies gradually.

Private pools have limited dimensions. Their pelvis usually has a constant depth. Sometimes the bottom of the basin forms two or more parts of different depths that are separated by a kind of step. Other pools include, inside the walls and away from them, a dive pit dug to one end of the pool.

Most of these private pools have a depth greater than the size of small children who do not have foot. It is therefore desirable to be able to make such private pools, whose length is of the order of 5 to 15 m, with a depth that varies from one end to the other, for example between 0.5 m at one end. and 2.5 m at the other end.

The invention relates to the construction of swimming pools, including inclined bottom, using lost formwork elements, formed of half-modules.

It is already known to use a lost formwork for the construction of pool walls, this formwork having essentially two walls kept at a distance from one another and between which concrete is poured. This technology allows the realization of the pool in a reduced time and most often at a reduced cost.

The document WO 2006/035123 describes lost formwork elements in which two panels injected with localized spacers are mounted on either side of an armature to form shuttering modules. These modules are used for the construction of pool walls by connection of the shuttering elements by separate connecting members. When the panels are small, they can be made with inexpensive injection presses. However, because of the presence of the spacers, the panels occupy a large volume during transport.

The document FR-2,790,777 discloses lost formwork modules formed by back-to-back maintenance of two half-modules by means of cooperation. Lateral coupling means and upper and / or lower coupling means may also be incorporated in the half-modules. Each module is used in the manner of a building block (brick, block) since the module is cut differently according to its location in the construction, and superimposed modules are shifted laterally.

The document FR-2,842,555 describes an improvement of the aforementioned system in which each half-module has at its edges an internal rib, and adjacent modules can be connected by "coupling means" which are separate members of the half-modules and which are intended to overlap the ribs of two adjacent half-modules. The half-modules described have a large dimension, and have the disadvantage of occupying an important space during their transport from the manufacturing workshop to the construction site of the pool.

Less bulky panels have already been made during transport. Thus, the document FR-2 778 933 describes panels made by back-to-back association of two half-panels. The panels obtained can be associated side by side for the construction of long walls. When the half-panels are not associated, they can fit into each other, so that they occupy a small volume. These panels, which have a height of about 1.1 m, can be coupled side by side but not from bottom to top. These panels are very convenient, but they require for their manufacture of injection molding machines of great power (several thousand tons) and thus expensive molds. As a result, each manufacturer limits its manufacture to a small number of panel heights, usually one or two.

It would be desirable, however, to have panels with progressive variations in height allowing the realization of pool walls whose bottom is inclined, such as the height of a side wall pool can vary between a height of 50 cm to 1 m at one end and 2 to 3 m at the other end for example. None of the aforementioned documents describes means for obtaining such panels, without it being necessary to adapt the panels for example by cutting or offset, as in a conventional block-based construction (bricks or blocks).

We know that the pool walls made with lost forms are made of reinforced concrete; thus, before pouring the concrete, reinforcing bars are placed inside the panels and, preferably, are folded at their lower part towards the interior of the pool to be embedded in the poured concrete to form the raft from the bottom of the pool. It is known that it is advantageous to communicate the bottom of the space of the lost formwork with the raft so that the reinforced concrete of the walls is anchored on that of the base of the bottom of the pool.

In addition, for reasons of mechanical strength, including buckling, obtained for the same amount of concrete used, a relatively thick pool wall, having cells, is preferable to a thinner wall without cavities. The aforementioned document FR-2 778 933 describes such a lost formwork system in which spacers delimit cells intended to contain no concrete.

The invention relates to a system for manufacturing lost forms for swimming pools for the construction of swimming pools having an inclined bottom.

For this purpose, the construction must be carried out according to the technique of side-by-side layout of formwork elements whose interior communicates for the passage of concrete, because it significantly reduces the time and difficulty of construction. It must be made from interlocking half-elements, so that the cost of transport is reduced. It must be performed with juxtaposed elements of varying lengths, for the formation of an inclined bottom. Finally, it must use small-sized devices, so that they can be injected with inexpensive presses (a few hundred tons).

According to the invention, it has been realized that, if rectangular panels having dimensions of 0.3 to 0.5 m on one side, for example of square shape of about 0.33 m on one side, are used. , it was enough of a very small number of extension organs to obtain a series of panels having a length having all the necessary values of reduced pitch, for example between 5 and 12 cm, allowing the construction of low-inclined bottom pools at low cost.

For this purpose, the system according to the invention comprises half-modules which can be connected to each other in one direction to form half-elements, the latter being nestable to occupy a small volume during transport, and elements of lost formwork obtained by connecting back-to-back half-elements. Each half-module has for example a rectangular or square shape of 0.33 m side, and some half-elements only are provided with small numbers of extension members, small and easy to connect.

The essential element of such a system is a half-module having a plate, for example of 0.33 mx 0.33 m, provided with a cup-shaped spacer, associated with other half-modules to form a half-formwork element lost, two half-elements being arranged back to back to form a lost formwork element.

For this purpose, each half-module has first connecting devices allowing a cooperation of the half-modules with each other in one direction to form half-elements, and second connecting devices allowing a cooperation of one half-modules. element with an adjacent half-piece of lost formwork.

Of course, third connecting devices allow back-to-back connection of two half-elements for the formation of a lost wall formwork element.

Preferably, the third complementary connection devices have a positional symmetry such that only one type of half-module is required.

The system further comprises extension members which are very simple since they are simply intended to be connected to first half-module connecting devices to extend the half-element by a length of for example 6.5, 13 19.5 or 26 cm, or 11 and 22 cm, these extension members can be cut in an extension member of rectangular or square shape, for example 0.33 mx 0.33 m.

More specifically, the invention relates to a half-module for planar flat formwork, which comprises a one-piece body which comprises a flat rectangular plate rigid enough to withstand deformation by keeping a flat surface, and a generally frustoconical spacer connected to the plate away from the outer edges of the the plate on the opposite side to the flat surface of the plate, and opening on the side of its largest section through an opening of the rectangular plate, the body comprising first complementary connecting devices disposed on two opposite first sides, and intended to connect first sides of two adjacent half-modules in position in which the second sides of these half-modules are aligned, and second complementary connecting devices disposed on the two opposite second sides, and intended to connect second sides of two half-modules; adjacent modules, and the spacer comprising third devices linkers arranged on the part of the spacer furthest from the body plate and intended to connect the spacer parts farthest from the plate of two half-modules arranged back to back, the taper of the spacer and the thickness of the body being such that two half-modules can fit by inserting the spacer of one half-module in the spacer of the other half-module by the opening of the plate forming a together whose thickness in the direction perpendicular to the flat surface of the plates is less than 1.5 times, and preferably 1.2 times, the corresponding thickness of a half-module the rectangular plate of this half-module having dimensions of 0.3 to 0.5m side, this plate preferably having a square shape of 0.33m side.

Preferably, the half-module is formed in one piece of plastic by injection.

Preferably, the first complementary connection devices cooperate by sliding in a direction parallel to the first sides.

Preferably, the second complementary connecting devices cooperate by interlocking in the direction perpendicular to the second sides.

Preferably, the first complementary connection devices do not connect to the second complementary connection devices.

Preferably, the third complementary connection devices comprise male members and female members which have a symmetry of position such that two half-modules opposed to 180 ° can cooperate by their third complementary connection devices.

Preferably, the third complementary connection devices cooperate by interlocking in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the plate.

Preferably, the third complementary connection devices are provided with locking devices such that, when the connection has been made, the connecting devices can not be separated.

Preferably, each half-module further comprises a cover for closing the opening of the body.

Preferably, the lid has a surface opposite the bowl which, in the closed position of the opening of the body, is in the plane of the flat surface of the body.

Preferably, the rectangular shape of the plate of the half-module is a square shape.

Preferably, the half-module further comprises a ventilation hole for the circulation of a gas between the two sides of the half-module.

Preferably, the spacer has a bottom, opposite the opening, which is closed.

The invention also relates to a lost wall form half-element, comprising a plurality of lost form half-modules according to any one of the preceding claims, the half-modules on each side of the element having their second sides aligned; according to the invention, the half-element comprises a flat plate-shaped extension member having a first side provided with a connecting device of the type of the first complementary connecting devices, and whose dimension, in the direction of the second sides. half-modules, is smaller than the dimension of the second sides of the half-modules.

The invention also relates to a swimming pool construction method, of the type which comprises, a first group of operations comprising the manufacture of interlocking half-pieces of lost formwork, and the transport of the nested half-elements to the place of construction, and a second group of operations including the formation of loose formwork elements by connecting half-elements, the construction of the lost formwork by juxtaposing the lost formwork elements, and the pouring of concrete into the lost formwork; according to the invention, the manufacture of interlocking half-formwork elements includes the manufacture of interlocking half-modules by plastic injection, and the connection of several half-modules in a direction for the formation of lost form half-elements, and the transport of the nested half-elements to the place of construction is carried out at a moment chosen from a moment before the connection of the half-modules, and a moment following the connection of the half-modules.

A first advantage of the invention is that the construction is achieved by side-by-side connection of formwork elements, in a way that considerably reduces the time and difficulty of construction.

A second advantage of the invention is that the elements used for construction are nestable, so that the cost of transport to the place of construction is reduced.

A third advantage of the invention is that the construction can be carried out with juxtaposable elements of progressively varying lengths for the formation of an inclined bottom.

A fourth advantage of the invention is that the half-modules have small dimensions, and they are injected on inexpensive presses (200 to 300 t for example).

• la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un demi-module pour élément de coffrage perdu selon l'invention ;
• la figure 2 représente l'arrière du demi-module de la figure 1 ;
• les figures 3a et 3b représentent le dos et la face avant d'un couvercle destiné à fermer l'ouverture du demi-module des figures 1 et 2 ;
• la figure 4 représente la disposition de deux demi-éléments formés de demi-modules placés dos à dos pour la formation d'un élément de coffrage perdu :
• les figures 5a et 5b représentent plus en détail la coopération des troisièmes dispositifs de liaison de demi-modules ;
• la figure 6 représente l'emboîtement de trois demi-modules des figures 1 et 2 ; et
• la figure 7 représente la disposition d'éléments de coffrage perdu utilisés pour la réalisation d'un mur de piscine
• Les figures 1 et 2 représentent, sous forme tournée de 90° par rapport à la position d'utilisation, un corps de demi-module 10 qui comprend une plaque 12 qui délimite une surface plane. Cette plaque 12 est rigide et a une résistance mécanique suffisante pour garder sa forme plane dans les conditions d'utilisation. Par exemple la plaque 12 possède des nervures 14 placées au dos.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• the figure 1 is a perspective view of a half-module for a lost formwork element according to the invention;
• the figure 2 represents the back of the half-module of the figure 1 ;
• the Figures 3a and 3b represent the back and the front face of a cover intended to close the opening of the half-module of Figures 1 and 2 ;
• the figure 4 represents the arrangement of two half-elements formed of back-to-back half-modules for the formation of a lost formwork element:
• the Figures 5a and 5b show in more detail the cooperation of the third half-module connecting devices;
• the figure 6 represents the interlocking of three half-modules of Figures 1 and 2 ; and
• the figure 7 represents the disposition of lost formwork elements used for the construction of a swimming pool wall
• The Figures 1 and 2 represent, in 90 ° rotated form with respect to the use position, a half-module body 10 which comprises a plate 12 which delimits a flat surface. This plate 12 is rigid and has sufficient strength to keep its flat shape under the conditions of use. For example, the plate 12 has ribs 14 placed on the back.

A large opening 16 opens into a truncated cone-shaped spacer 18. The section of the spacer is not necessarily circular, and it can be advantageously in the form of a quadrilateral with rounded corners. A central stud 20 is intended to support the center of a lid 22 shown on the Figures 3a and 3b . Preferably, a ventilation hole allows the passage of a gas between the two sides of the half-module.

The Figures 1 and 2 are first complementary connecting devices 24, 25 on opposite first ends 26 which are intended to be horizontal, these connecting devices 24, 25 being able to be slidably co-operating horizontally, a side 26 having a rabbet. The operation of connecting two half-modules by the first complementary connecting devices 24, 25 is advantageously performed in the factory, once known the length of the formwork element lost to achieve, that is to say the number half-modules of the half-formwork element lost.

The second sides 28 of the body 10 comprise second complementary connecting devices disposed on the opposite second sides and comprising on the one hand a tab 30 having a pawl 32, and on the other hand a housing (not shown) for this tab. These second complementary connecting devices are intended to be placed in cooperation, preferably at the place of construction, when the formwork elements are juxtaposed.

The bottom of the spacer 18 in the form of a bowl carries third complementary connecting devices, more clearly represented on the Figures 5a and 5b . These comprise a projection 34 intended to penetrate into a housing 36 of an associated half-module, and claws 38 mounted on resilient arms and intended to be attached to the hooking edges 40 of a half-module associated, when two half-modules are arranged back to back, after rotation of 180 °. Thus, a projection 34 of a half-module is intended to cooperate with a housing 36 of another half-module, and an elastic claw 38 of a half-module is intended to cooperate with a hooking flange 40 from the other half-module. This cooperation of the claws and the flanges is a device for locking the spacers of two half-modules one on the other.

In this way, the third link devices of one half-module are blocked once they have been put in cooperation with the complementary connection devices of another half-module.

Thus, thanks to the first, second and third complementary connection devices, the connection of a half-module with an adjacent half-module by the sides for the formation of a half-element, the connection of a half-element with another half-element for the formation of an element, and the connection of the juxtaposed elements do not require separate connecting elements that could be lost.

The figure 4 represents in section a part of a lost formwork element. This element is formed by connecting two half-elements by the third connecting devices, these half-elements having themselves been formed by connecting half-modules. It is noted in this figure that only the half-module intended to be turned towards the inside of the pool (bottom in the figure) carries a cover 22 carried by a pad 20. In fact, only this side must form a continuous plane. .

The advantage of the half-modules described so far is that they can be easily nested, as indicated on the figure 6 so that they can be transported while occupying a reduced volume. Similarly, the half-elements formed by half-modules can be nested.

The figure 7 indicates the position of the half-modules in a lost pool wall formwork. The pool is 0.66m deep and 1m long at one end and 2.66m deep and 1m long at the other end. In the intermediate part 6 m in length, the depth increases gradually with a slope of 0.33 m per meter.

For such an embodiment, just two extension members, one of 0.11 m and the other of 0.22 m in height. Each extension element is flat, without spacer, and has on its large side intended to be horizontal, a connecting device (25 or 24) complementary to the third connecting device (24 or 25) on the lower side of the adjacent half-module .

We can also consider extension elements with an inclined edge depending on the slope of the pool, but we realized that it was it is preferable for the edges of the extension elements to remain horizontal, so that at one end they support the support of the lost formwork element and at the other end they release an opening for the passage of reinforcement. and concrete when it is poured into the lost formwork.

Thus, at least some of the lost formwork elements of the intermediate portion of the wall have a flat plate-shaped extension member having a first side provided with a connecting device of the type of the first complementary connection devices, and whose size in the direction of the second sides of the half-modules is smaller than the dimension of the second sides of the half-modules.

The invention also relates to a swimming pool construction method that allows serious cost reduction. First, the cost is reduced because the cost of transport is reduced: the half-modules or half-elements that are transported are nestable and therefore occupy a reduced volume. Then, the cost is reduced because the manufacture of interlocking half-elements comprises the manufacture of reduced size half-modules, by plastic injection using weak presses. Finally, the cost is reduced because it is not necessary to use additional connecting members of the half-modules or half-elements, since all the connecting devices are molded in one piece with each half-module .

Claims (10)

1. A half-module for a permanent formwork element comprising:

   - A one-piece body (10) having a flat rectangular plate (12) sufficiently rigid to resist deformation while maintaining a flat surface, and a frusto-conical spacer (18), connected to the plate at a distance from the exterior edges of the plate and leading from the side of its largest section to an opening (16) in the rectangular plate, the body comprising:

   - first additional connecting devices (24, 25) placed on two first opposing sides (26) and intended to connect the first sides (26) of two adjacent half-modules in position in which the second sides (28) of these half-modules are aligned, and

   - some second connecting devices (30, 32) places on the second two opposing sides (28) and intended to connect with second sides (28) of the adjacent half-modules, and

   - the spacer (18), comprising

   - third additional connecting devices (34, 36, 38, 40) placed on the part of the spacer (18) the furthest from the plate (12) of the body and intended to be connected to the parts of the spacer (18) the furthest from the plate of two half-modules placed back to back,

   - the conicity of the spacer (18) and the thickness of the body (10) being such that two half-modules can nest together by inserting the spacer (18) of a half-module into the spacer (18) of the other half-module through the opening (16) in the plate (12) by forming an assembly whose thickness in the direction perpendicular to the flat surface of the plates (12) is less than 1.5 times the corresponding thickness of a half-module, characterized in that,

   - the rectangular plate (21) of this half-module has side dimensions of 0.3 to 0.5 mm, with each plate preferentially having a squared shape of 0.33 mm on its side.
2. A half-module according to claim 1, characterized in that the half-module is formed of one piece by plastic injection molding.
3. A half-module according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the first additional connecting devices (24, 25) cooperate in a sliding manner in a direction parallel to the first sides (26).
4. A half-module according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second additional connecting devices (30, 32) cooperate by nesting in a direction perpendicular to the second sides (28).
5. A half-module according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the third additional connecting devices (34, 36, 38, 40) comprise male elements (34, 38) and female elements (36) that have a position symmetry such that two half-modules at a position 180° opposite of each other can cooperate through their third additional connecting devices (34, 36, 38, 40).
6. A half-module according to claim 5, characterized in that the third additional connecting devices (34, 36, 38, 40) are equipped with blocking devices such that, when the connection has been made, the third additional connecting devices (34, 36, 38, 40) cannot be separated.
7. A half-module according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each half-module further comprises a cover (22) intended to close off the opening (16).
8. A half-module according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rectangular shape of the half-module is a square shape.
9. A half-module for a permanent wall formwork element, comprising several half-modules of permanent formwork according to any of the preceding claims, with the half-modules of each side of the element having their second sides (28) aligned, characterized in that it comprises an extension element in the shape of a flat plate with a first side equipped with a connecting device of the type of the first additional connecting devices (24, 25), the dimension of which, in the direction of the second sides (28) of the half-modules, is smaller than the dimension of the second sides (28) of the half-modules.
10. A method for building pools of the type that comprises a first group of operations comprising:

    - the fabrication of nestable half-elements of permanent formwork

    - the transportation of nested half-elements to the construction site

    a second group of operations comprising:

    - assembling the permanent form elements by connection of the half-elements

    - construction of the permanent formwork by juxtaposition of the permanent form elements

    - pouring concrete into the permanent formwork

    characterized in that,

    - the fabrication of nestable half-elements of permanent formwork comprises

    - the fabrication of nestable half-modules according to any one of claims 1 to 9, by means of plastic mold injection

    - the connection of several half-modules in one direction in order to form the half-elements of the permanent formwork

    - the transportation of the nested half-elements to the construction site is carried out at a time selected between a time prior to the connection of the half-modules and a time following connection of the half-modules.

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