Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
  • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
  • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
  • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
  • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
  • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
  • H04B5/72—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for local intradevice communication
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
  • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
  • H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to non-contact power supply and non-contact data transmission systems.
• Non-contact power supply and transmission systems are already known, enabling a power transmission device to be coupled to a power receiver device comprising data collection means provided by different sensors fitted to the power receiver device.
• a power receiver device is not autonomous with respect to its power supply.
• the power-emitting device is able to be coupled to the power-receiving device by magnetic coupling between a so-called primary winding of the power-transmitting device and a so-called secondary winding of the power-receiving device, and without electrical contact, so as to power the device.
• the transmission of data between the power transmission device and the power receiver device to which it is coupled is carried out according to a technique similar to the carrier currents, that is to say that a modulation at a frequency substantially greater than the frequency of the alternating current generating the magnetic flux from the primary winding to the secondary winding, is superimposed on this current to convey between the two signals.
• This known technique has the disadvantage of requiring specific modulation / demodulation circuits, which consume electrical energy, even though the available energy of the power-emitting device is limited and must satisfy, the electrical energy requirements of its components. circuits and circuits of the power receiver device to which it is able to be coupled.
• US 2005/063488 discloses a contactless power supply and transmission system between a transmitter and a receiver in which the signal from the transmitter is frequency modulated to transmit data.
• the transmitter uses a frequency shift keying (FSK) method to transfer data to the receiving device.
• FSK frequency shift keying
• This technique of frequency modulation of the signal from the transmitter makes it difficult to synchronize the receiver on the transmitter and therefore the data transmission. Moreover, this technique requires the presence of modulation / demodulation circuit in the transmitter and receiver, further complicating the system and being energy consumer.
• the receiver of US 2005/063488 comprises a multi-phase demodulator capable of providing a data stream and a clock signal from the signal from the transmitting device.
• the present invention aims to overcome the limitations of the state of the art in the field of power and data transmission without contact, and to propose a new system that is simple, robust and energy efficient.
• a non-contact power supply system and a contactless data transmission system comprising a transmitter having a source of electrical energy and a receiver that is not autonomous in terms of its sound.
• power supply the transmitter and the receiver respectively comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding capable of being in a magnetic flux transfer relationship
• the transmitter comprising a circuit for applying to the primary winding a low frequency alternating current d supply to produce on the secondary winding a current used for the power supply of the receiver
• the transmitter and the receiver having data transmission circuits connected to the primary and secondary windings, in which system the transmission circuit transmitter-side data is able to selectively directly modify the dud waveform it AC power supply, and the receiver-side data transmission circuit is able to detect these waveform changes, respectively to transmit from the transmitter to the receiver data of different values corresponding to different waveforms , the frequency of the AC supply current being constant.
• the system according to the invention proposes to modify directly the shape of the supply current, without changing its period or frequency. This allows on the one hand to achieve a power transfer to the receiver whose efficiency remains optimal at all times, and secondly to ensure a particularly simple and reliable synchronization between transmitter and receiver. And thanks to the waveform modulation combined with good quality synchronization, the system does not require specific modulation / demodulation circuits for cost-effective data transmission that consume electrical energy .
• a transmitting device intended to ensure the non-contact power supply of a non-autonomous receiver device in terms of its power supply, and to transmit data thereto, comprising a winding primary to be in a magnetic flux transfer relationship with a secondary winding of the receiver device, and a circuit for applying to the primary winding alternating current at a low supply frequency, and a data transmission circuit connected to the primary winding, a device in which the data transmission circuit is able to selectively directly modify the waveform of said AC supply current, to selectively transmit data of different values corresponding to the different waveforms.
• an emitter device as described above in an underwater robot intended to cooperate with underwater equipment for collecting geophysical information.
• a non-autonomous receiver device in terms of its power supply and intended to be supplied without contact by a transmitter device, transmit data thereto and receive data from it, comprising a secondary winding intended to be in a magnetic flux transfer relationship with a primary winding of the transmitter device, a circuit for supplying the device from a low frequency alternating current flowing in the secondary winding, and a data transmission circuit capable of detecting changes in the AC waveform itself, respectively for receiving data from different values corresponding to different waveforms.
• an underwater equipment for collecting geophysical information comprising a receiver / transmitter device as described above.
• a non-contact power supply system and non-contact data transmission between a fixed structure and a rotating crew of a machine comprising a transmitting device as previously described on the fixed structure and a receiving device as described above on the rotating crew, the primary winding and the secondary winding being cylindrical and arranged around each other along the axis of rotation of the rotating crew.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a connector 2 is a perspective view of a winding of the inductive connector;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an example of application of the inductive connector;
• FIG. 4 is an electronic diagram illustrating an electronic card of a power transmitter,
• FIG. 5 is an electronic diagram illustrating an electronic card of a power receiver,
• FIG. 6 represents control signals for switches controlled by a control unit of the power transmitter when no data is transmitted. from the power transmitter to the power receiver,
• FIG. 7 shows control signals of the switches controlled by the control unit when data is transmitted from the power transmitter to the power receiver.
• FIG. an example for calculating a duty cycle at the receiver.
• an inductive connector for use in a power supply and data transmission system comprising a power transmitter device and a power receiver (hereinafter referred to as “transmitter” and “transmitter”). receiver ").
• the connector is electromagnetic induction type and allows transmission without electrical contact:
• the transmission of data without electrical contact between the transmitter and the receiver is bidirectional, that is to say that the transmission of data can be done from the transmitter to the receiver or from the receiver to the transmitter.
• This two-way communication is an alternating two-way communication.
• alternating bidirectional communication is intended to mean a communication that makes it possible to route the data in both directions, but alternatively (that is to say a "half-duplex" type of communication). According to Anglo-Saxon terminology).
• the transmitted data is binary data. Alternate two-way communication is done bit by bit.
• the connector can be used in a system in which the transmitter and the receiver have at least one degree of freedom between them.
• the inductive connector may be: - an electrical connection system - of the socket type - where the relative movement between the two devices is axial,
• the connector comprises a primary winding 11 and a secondary winding 22 arranged respectively on the transmitter and the receiver.
• the primary winding 11 is wound inside a sleeve 12 and is connected to the emitter.
• the secondary winding 22 is wound around a shaft 23.
• the secondary winding is connected to the receiver.
• the primary and secondary windings 11, 22 are intended to come into each other. More particularly, the secondary winding 22 is intended to come inside the primary winding 11. In another embodiment not shown, it is the primary winding which is intended to come inside the secondary winding. In this case, the primary winding is wound around the core and the secondary winding is wound inside the sleeve.
• primary and secondary winding planar plate type arranged face to face and parallel to each other, or primary winding and secondary type bent plates so as to obtain cylinders of different diameters able to be arranged one in the other etc.
• the inductive connector can be adapted to different systems depending on the application.
• the primary and secondary windings 11, 22 are constituted as described below.
• the primary and secondary windings 11, 22 comprise different numbers of turns depending on the primary and secondary voltages.
• the secondary winding 22 is shorter in the axial direction than the primary winding 11.
• the primary and secondary windings extend in two coaxial cylinders of different diameter.
• Each winding 11, 22 comprises two identical identical electrical conductors.
• each winding 11, 22 comprises two windings
• the two windings 34, 35 are concentrically intertwined.
• one end 32 'of one of the windings 34, 35 is connected to one end 32 "of the other windings 34, 35.
• the primary and secondary windings 11, 22 are windings three connection points 31, 32, 33 with midpoint 32.
• the three connection points 31, 32, 33 of the primary winding 11 are connected to an electronic card 13 of the transmitter which will be described later.
• connection points 31, 32, 33 of the secondary winding 22 are connected to the electronic card 24 of the receiver which will be described below.
• the free ends 31, 33 of the two windings 34, 35 have a potential in phase opposition when the winding is traversed by an alternating current.
• the frequency of the alternating current is between 1 kHz and 500 kHz.
• the inductive connector described above can be used in various applications requiring the powerless power supply of a power receiver R by a power transmitter E, and the transmission of data without electrical contact between the emitter E and the receiver R power.
• the inductive connector described above can be used with a fixed element and a movable element relative to the fixed element.
• the movable element can be either the power transmitter or the power receiver.
• the inductive connector can also be used with two movable elements relative to each other.
• the emitter E is a mobile element comprising a source of electrical energy (not shown) for the power supply of the receiver R.
• the receiver R is a fixed element that is not autonomous in terms of its power supply.
• the receiver R may not comprise energy storage means (such as a battery), and may be solely and exclusively powered by the transmitter E.
• the receiver R comprises sensors 40 for measuring data to be transmitted to the transmitter E.
• the emitter E is a marine robot
• the receiver R is a pile driven into the seabed 41.
• the sensors 40 of the receiver R allow the measurement of marine seismic data.
• the pile is intended to remain at the bottom of the sea for several years (eg 10 to 15 years) and is suitable for use at significant depths (eg 2000 meters below sea surface 42).
• the robot is intended to be positioned on the pile - for example for a month - to carry out a measurement campaign of marine seismic data.
• the primary and secondary windings 11, 22 are protected against corrosion and aging.
• the turns of the primary and secondary windings 11, 22 may comprise a coating of unalterable thermoplastic material.
• the robot (emitter E) is near the pile (receiver R), it comes to cap the pile so that the secondary winding 22 enters the primary winding 11.
• the magnetic flux emitted by the primary winding 11 is received by the secondary winding 22. This magnetic flux is used to supply the electronic circuits of the pile (receiver R).
• the robot sends to the pile (receiver R) a firmware (or only parameters) for measuring marine seismic data.
• the pile measures the seismic data using its sensors 40.
• the pile sends them to the robot (emitter E) which stores them in a memory (not shown), or sends them outwards using auxiliary means (for example a radiofrequency antenna ).
• auxiliary means for example a radiofrequency antenna
• the primary and secondary windings 11, 22 allow both the power supply without electrical contact of the pile by the robot and bidirectional communication without electrical contact between the robot and the pile.
• the flow transfer relationship between the robot and the pile may be of a type other than the nesting of the secondary winding in the primary winding, for example of the flat plate type arranged face to face and parallel to one another. to the other, or primary and secondary winding bent plate type so as to obtain cylinders of different diameters able to be arranged one in the other.
• the issuer includes: a power supply circuit for applying to the primary winding an alternating current with a low supply frequency,
• the electronic card 13 of the emitter E is illustrated.
• connection points J1, J2, J3 intended to be connected to the three connection points 31, 32, 33 of the primary winding 11.
• the circuit for applying to the primary winding an alternating current comprises first and second switches Q1, Q2 controlled by a control unit 14.
• the control unit 14 is a microcontroller.
• the first and second controlled switches Q1, Q2 make it possible to convert a DC voltage into an AC voltage (and thus a DC current).
• the switching of the first and second controlled switches Q1, Q2 allows the generation of the alternating current of low frequency power supply.
• the frequency of the alternating supply current is preferably between 1 kHz and 500 kHz.
• the primary winding is fed through an inductor L1 connected at J2 at the midpoint 32 of the primary winding 11.
• the primary winding 11 forms a resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of the low-frequency alternating current by capacitors C2, C3 of the electronic card 13.
• the capacitances (in Farad) of these capacitors are chosen according to the inductance (in Henry) of the primary winding 11.
• the oscillation at medium frequency (from a few kilos Hertz to a few hundred kilo hertz) is maintained by the first and second controlled switches Q1, Q2.
• the first and second switches are controlled at a fixed frequency by the control unit 14, possibly through U1A, U1B drivers, for example when the first and second controlled switches Q1, Q2 are MOS or IGBT type transistors.
• the first and second switches are controlled by square wave signals delivered by the control unit to control inputs of the controlled switches. These slot signals are shifted relative to each other (i.e. out of phase), as shown in Figure 6 which shows the control signals of the control unit.
• control unit 14 controls the blocking 50 of the second controlled switch Q2 (locked state)
• the control unit 14 controls, after a "small" period of time 52 (for example equal to 0.2 ⁇ s), the conduction 36 of the first switch Q1 (on state).
• control unit 14 controls the blocking 30 of the first switch Q1
• the control unit 14 controls, after a small period of time (typically equal to 0.2 ⁇ s), the conduction 51 of the second switch Q2.
• the first and second controlled switches can maintain the oscillation in the primary winding 11 of the AC supply current.
• the "small" time interval 52 between the blocking command of one of the controlled switches Q1, Q2 and the conduction control of the other of the switches Q1, Q2 makes it possible to prevent the first and second controlled switches Q1, Q2 are passing at the same time, which could lead to a deterioration of the circuits of the transmitter.
• the control unit 14 of the transmitter E varies the conduction times 31, 51 of the first and second controlled switches Q1, Q2.
• This modified cycle generates a data complementary to that corresponding to a symmetrical oscillation.
• the data is transmitted in binary.
• the control unit 14 delivers slots to the control inputs of the first and second switches.
• the slots on the first and second switches are shifted relative to each other so that the high (or high) state of the slot applied to the first switch Q1 is in the time interval of the state. low (or low) of the slot applied to the second switch Q2, and that the high level of the slot applied to the second switch Q2 is in the time interval of the low level of the slot applied to the first switch Q1.
• the control unit 14 delivers a slot on the first controlled switch Q1 and no slot on the second controlled switch Q2.
• the slot applied on one of the switches for transmitting the second data value may have a duration different from half the resonance period of the tuned circuit including the primary winding.
• the duration of this slot may be greater than half the resonance period.
• the transmitted data is 8-bit or 16-bit data.
• the transmitted data comprise N bits (where N is an integer, preferably a multiple of eight).
• the conduction time of the first controlled switch Q1 is lengthened during the transmission of the second value.
• the end face 37 of the slot is delayed with respect to the instant of the end edge 38 of a slot applied to the first switch Q1 controlled to transmit the first data value.
• the data transmission circuit of the transmitter is able to selectively directly modify the waveform of the AC supply current.
• the data transmission circuit of the transmitter is able to modify the waveform of the AC supply current only on alternating alternating current.
• alteration means one or other of the half-periods of the AC supply current, during which the supply current does not change direction.
• the transmitter and the receiver can be configured so that, when transmitting data from the transmitter to the receiver, an alternation does not comprise a data value (called without modulation or alternating "blank") between two signals comprising a data value.
• a data value called without modulation or alternating "blank”
• the second connection point J2 is connected to means allowing:
• These means comprise an inductor L1 and a fourth transistor Q4.
• the primary winding 1 1 is fed through the inductor L1 and a current sensing device in the inductor L1 having the fourth transistor Q4 and a diode D2. Depending on the direction of the current in the inductor L1, the fourth transistor Q4 leads or is blocked. Thus, the current reversals of the current in the inductor L1 are detected by the fourth controlled switch Q4.
• the control unit 14 exchanges serial data with the outside via RX and TX lines. These communications are in half duplex.
• connection points J1 ', J2', J3 ' intended to be connected to the three connection points 31, 32, 33 of the secondary winding 22.
• the midpoint 32 of the secondary winding 22 is connected to the second connection point J2 '.
• This second connection point J2 ' is connected to a reference potential (ground).
• the two free ends 31, 33 of the secondary winding 22 are connected to the first and third connection points J1 'and J3'.
• the signal between the first and third connection points J1 ', J3' can be filtered by a capacitor C1.
• the capacitance of this capacitor C1 is chosen (sufficiently small) so as to avoid creating a resonant circuit with the secondary winding 22.
• the secondary winding 22 is not tuned to the frequency of the AC supply current. This allows to find the "defects" in the secondary, or more precisely to find the waveform changes generated by the transmitter at the receiver. For example, in the case of a sinusoidal form power supply, the fact that the secondary winding is not tuned to the frequency of the alternating current makes it possible to find the distortions of the sinusoid at the receiver.
• connection point J3 ' is connected to means for powering the receiver.
• the means for supplying the receiver comprise a diode D4 and a regulator 26.
• the AC voltage at the end of the secondary winding 22 connected to the third connection point J3 ' is rectified by the diode D4 to produce a DC voltage. This DC voltage is received by the regulator 26.
• the regulator 26 returns the voltage necessary to supply a control unit 26 of the electronic card 24 of the receiver.
• the control unit 26 is a microcontroller.
• the first JV connection point is connected to
• the means for transmitting data to the transmitter comprises a first switch T1 controlled by the control unit 25.
• the AC voltage at the end of the secondary winding 22 connected to the first connection point JV is rectified by a rectifier bridge.
• the rectifier bridge comprises a diode D2.
• the control unit 25 controls the conduction of the first controlled switch T1 at power-up by means of a second controlled switch T2.
• the control unit 25 is connected to the sensors 40 by fourth and fifth connection points J4 ', J5' for receiving and transmitting signals to the sensors 40.
• the control unit 25 receives a measured data from one of the sensors 40 connected to the fourth connection point J4 ', it controls the blocking of the first controlled switch T1 to interrupt the passage of the current coming from the secondary winding 22.
• the blocking of the first controlled switch T1 changes the impedance across the secondary winding 22.
• the impedance modification at the terminals of the secondary winding 22 induces currents variations in the emitter circuit (reversal of the direction of the current in the inductor L1 of the emitter circuit).
• the transmitter which detected the transmission of data by the receiver, no longer transmits data and provides the primary winding with an alternating supply current in which the waveform is not modified (ie a AC power stable).
• the fourth switch Q4 of the transmitter changes state (on or off) according to the direction of the current in the self L1.
• This fourth controlled switch Q4 thus produces a binary signal corresponding to the data values transmitted by the receiver.
• This binary signal is shaped (by the fifth controlled switch Q5) and sent to the control unit 14 of the transmitter which stores it or returns it to the outside. This is how the data transmission from the receiver to the transmitter takes place.
• N alternans are used that do not include a given value (that is to say N "virgin” alternations) between two signals comprising a data value. This increases the reliability of the system.
• N will be chosen between two and four.
• a third controlled switch T3 is connected to the first connection point J1.
• the third controlled switch T3 is used to synchronize the control unit of the receiver on the control unit.
• the third controlled switch T3 leads or is blocked in the direction of the current in the secondary winding 22, which produces a binary signal of rectangular signal type which is received by the control unit 25.
• the third controlled switch produces a stable rectangular (binary) signal received by the control unit.
• This stable rectangular signal allows the receiver control unit to synchronize with the transmitter control unit.
• a synchronized clock is obtained between the transmitter and receiver devices. Data transmission is therefore much more reliable and easier than with prior art systems in which the power supply signal is frequency modulated to transmit data.
• the third controlled switch T3 is also used for receiving data from the transmitter.
• the distortion of the form of the AC supply current caused by the transmission of data by the transmitter is detected by the third controlled switch T3.
• This distortion causes a variation of the rectangular signal from the third controlled switch T3 and sent to the control unit.
• the duty cycle of the rectangular signals from the third controlled switch T3 is calculated.
• duty ratio in the context of the present invention is understood to mean the ratio between:
• the period P corresponds to the time interval after which the signal from the third controlled switch T3 resumes the same sequence of values when the shape of the AC power supply is not modified by the transmitter.
• the duration during which the rectangular signal from the third controlled switch T3 is high can correspond to:
• the duty cycle is representative of the value ("0" or "1") of the data transmitted by the issuer.
• the connector described above can be adapted to many applications such as, for example, the measurement of stress in a reactor vane, or any other application in which it is desired to supply a first element with a second element, and establish two-way communication between these two elements.
• elements the said elements that can be:

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• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-03-27 FR FR0754056A patent/FR2914512A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-03-10 CN CN200880010239A patent/CN101663833A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-03-10 US US12/532,900 patent/US20100104031A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-03-10 RU RU2009139632/07A patent/RU2009139632A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-03-10 KR KR1020097021285A patent/KR20100015517A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-03-10 EP EP08717574A patent/EP2140565A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-03-10 WO PCT/EP2008/052827 patent/WO2008125394A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-03-10 JP JP2010500176A patent/JP2010523030A/ja active Pending

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