EP2135791B1 - Rail vehicle - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a rail vehicle with a in a direction of travel from a rear end to a front end extending car body, in which a driver's compartment is formed with at least one direct outer door, which pivotable about an axis of rotation from a closed position to an open position in the driver's compartment door wherein, in the closed position provided in the car body door opening is closed and is pivoted in the open position of the door to a maximum opening angle. Such a rail vehicle is from the US 3,868,980 known.

Depending on the type of vehicle, driver's cabs differ among other things from solving access for staff. Thus, rail vehicles are known in which access via an inner door takes place, which connects the driver's compartment with a space behind it, for example a machine room or passenger compartment.

Frequently, however, a direct access to the driver's cab is desired, which is why many rail vehicles can also have one or more direct external doors, via which the driver's cab can be entered directly from the outside. A rail vehicle with such a type of access is the starting point of the present invention.

Exterior doors of the driver's compartment can be designed as sliding doors, in which therefore the door leaf or the door leaf is pivoted about an axis of rotation, and more rarely, due to the increased constructive effort and space requirements, as a sliding or sliding sliding doors.

But also hinged doors have disadvantages, in particular with regard to the space required for pivoting between the closed position and the open position. Thus, driver's cabs with outer doors are usually constructed so that the doors are arranged in relation to the direction of travel in the area behind or next to the driver's seat, wherein the axis of rotation lies in the direction of travel behind the door opening. In this way, it is achieved that the outer door pivots when opening the cab rear wall. In this area of the driver's compartment, that is to say between the driver's compartment rear wall and the driver's desk, sufficient space must therefore be provided in the construction of a driver's compartment in order to ensure sufficiently wide passageways for the personnel. A common minimum requirement for the passage width is 500 mm. Wider passages are desirable and are often implemented, for example, in locomotives.

Since the outer door occupies a part of the driver's cab in the open position and this part is lost for the passage, the cab has to be made longer by the thickness or strength of the swung-open door in the direction of travel.

Usually driver's cabs are realized with direct exterior doors in car bodies with a flat side wall. There, the space occupied by the door in open position in the driver's compartment, so the vertical projection of the outer door, the same horizontal cross-sectional area of the door. However, there are also car bodies with curved or at least partially sloping side walls known. Usually have outer doors in this case in the vertical cross section on the same course as the side wall of the car body. As a result, however, the vertical projection surface of the outer door is substantially larger than the horizontal cross-sectional area of the door. In this case, the ratio of the vertical projection surface to the horizontal cross-sectional area of the door depends on the radius of the curvature or in the case of a sloping upper part of the door of the helix angle and the length of the inclined portion.

Since, in the present case, due to the relatively large projection surface of a corresponding outer door, this would also require a relatively large amount of space in the driver's cab in the open position, it is possible to provide flat outer doors in car bodies with curved side walls, which are set back from the outer contour of the vehicle body. Although such doors have a relatively small projection surface due to their planar design, which essentially corresponds to their cross-sectional area, but lead to disadvantages in exterior design, aesthetics and aerodynamics and cleaning. Additional edges around the outer door also cause noise and turbulence, which increase energy requirements. By resetting the outer door to Wagenkasteninnern also the space available in the driver's compartment is restricted. In addition, unusable spaces arise that can hardly be used by internals, since they are no longer accessible.

The GB 741 432 A relates to a vehicle door for example, a ship, which is also pivotable about an axis of rotation from a closed position to an open position, wherein the pivoting direction is not defined in more detail.

Another pivoting vehicle door is especially for motor vehicles from the EP 1 314 597 A2 known, said door is pivotable about an axis of rotation from a closed position to an open position outside the driver's compartment.

It is the object of the present invention to develop a rail vehicle in particular with a non-planar or non-vertical side wall in such a way that a smaller space requirement for the outer door in the open position is necessary in the driver's compartment.

The previously derived and indicated object is achieved according to the invention in a rail vehicle of the type mentioned above in that the door leaf is bent in the vertical cross-section at least partially inward or obliquely and the axis of rotation is arranged in the direction of travel in front of the center of the door opening, wherein in the open position the vertical projection surface of the door leaf partially overlaps with the vertical projection surface of a guide table arranged in the driver's compartment in the direction of travel in front of the door opening.

By the axis of rotation is arranged in front of the center of the door opening and preferably completely in front of the door opening, it is achieved that the door of the door designed as a revolving door pivots in the direction of the guide table and in the open position uses the space which is provided anyway to access the driver's seat to ensure. In the event of a central driver's seat, which is thus arranged transversely to the direction of travel in the middle of the cab, the outer door can pivot in the area to the right or left of the driver's seat. An enlargement of the driver's compartment in the direction of travel is no longer necessary in this way, or at least not as much as before in the swinging rear doors.

In the rail vehicle according to the invention, the door wing in vertical cross-section at least partially inward, ie in the closed position of the door to Wagenkasteninnern out, bent or has an at least partially oblique course, in which case in the open position, the vertical projection of the door leaf partially with the vertical projection of an im Driver's compartment in the direction of travel in front of the door opening arranged guide tables overlapped. In particular, the axis of rotation is arranged so that the overlap is achieved. In other words, in the open position, the upper part of the door leaf protrudes in the vertical direction over the guide table. As a result, the space between the car body side wall or pillar and the driver's seat and the space immediately behind the driver's desk is used even better, namely by the otherwise unused space is used vertically above the driver's desk for receiving the upper part of the door. It is characterized even with the use of curved car body side walls and correspondingly shaped outer doors an optimal, that is wider and / or straighter, passage with the door open, without having to extend the cab and the width of the vertical projection of the door in the direction of travel.

According to one embodiment of the rail vehicle according to the invention is between the axis of rotation and the door leaf a distance, that is, a gap provided, preferably at least one hinge from the door leaf to the axis of rotation, that is, to a joint lying on the axis of rotation, runs. The axis of rotation can alternatively also be virtual with a suitable hinge selection. Although it is pointed out here on a hinge, which specifically connects the door with the axis of rotation, for example by a physical lever. It is also conceivable, however, an arrangement that uses a hinge that forms a so-called virtual pivot point (Momentanpol the door) by a particular gear-like kinematics, around which the door rotates kinematically, without reaching this point.

By the axis of rotation or the hinge is not located directly on the door, but from this several centimeters, for example, 5 to 30 cm, preferably 10 to 20 cm, spaced, is made possible when swinging the door this optimally in the free area immediately can be pivoted behind the driver's desk and / or between the side wall of the car body and the driver's seat. Since static reasons in the direction of travel in front of the door opening often a pillar, also called shell pillar, is provided, which in particular has a supporting function and can be solid, by appropriate choice of the distance between the rotation axis and door the outer door of the closed position even to the Pillar are pivoted around in the open position. In particular, the column is arranged for this purpose between the rotation axis and the door leaf. But even without the presence of a column of the door can be brought by the inventive arrangement in an optimally exploiting the existing space way in the open position.

The at least one hinge can then be correspondingly shaped, in particular bent, so that it runs in the closed position around the column. Depending on the position of the axis of rotation, the hinge then extends around at least a small part of the column. However, it is also conceivable that the column is arranged not only partially, but completely between the axis of rotation and the door leaf, the axis of rotation and thus the door joint is thus arranged viewed from the door leaf on the opposite side of the column.

According to a further embodiment of the rail vehicle according to the invention, the maximum opening angle between the closed position and the open position is at least 70 °, in particular at least 90 °. In particular, the axis of rotation or the door joint is arranged so that the maximum opening angle is at least 70 °, in particular at least 90 °. Preferably, in the open position, the rear edge of the vertical projection surface of the door leaf in the direction of travel extends at an angle of at least 70 °, preferably at least 90 °, to the direction of travel. Advantage of such a maximum opening angle is that in this way a substantially straight passage through the door opening is ensured in the cab. A straight passage is much more comfortable for the operator than a winding passage that runs around some corners of doors, seats or other objects.

According to yet another embodiment of the rail vehicle according to the invention is in the open position, the at least predominant part of the vertical projection surface of the door leaf, preferably the complete vertical Projection surface of the door leaf, arranged in the direction of travel in front of the door opening. In particular, the axis of rotation or the door joint is arranged so that the projection surface is at least partially disposed in the direction of travel in front of the door opening. The farther the door leaf is offset in the open position in the open position relative to the door opening in the direction of travel, the wider the passageway is designed for the staff. In this way, passage widths of 500 mm or more can be easily realized without significantly increasing the length of the driver's compartment in the direction of travel and having to limit the area behind the driver's compartment, which may be a passenger area or engine room.

In the event that the side walls of the car body are curved or a part, in particular an upper part, extends obliquely to the center of the car, also the previously described outer door of the driver's compartment can be shaped accordingly.

As mentioned, a central driver's seat can be provided in the driver's compartment, for example in a so-called middle driver's cab, in which case the space to the right or left of the driver's seat, which is already provided for access to the seat, can also be used for receiving the outside door in the open position can. For this purpose, according to a further embodiment in the open position, the at least predominant part of the vertical projection surface of the door leaf, preferably the complete vertical projection surface of the door leaf, is arranged in the direction of travel next to a driver's seat provided in the driver's compartment.

Finally, it is provided according to yet another embodiment of the rail vehicle according to the invention that the driver's cab extends over the entire width of the car body and on each side of the car body, an outer door, as described above, is arranged, the respective axis of rotation in the direction of travel in front of the center of the Door opening and in particular is arranged completely in front of the door opening.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht eines Führerraums eines Schienenfahrzeugs gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung,

Fig. 2a) und b)

Querschnitte in unterschiedlichen Höhen eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Führerraums,

Fig. 3a) und b)

Querschnitte in unterschiedlichen Höhen eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Führerraums, und

Fig. 4a) und b)

Querschnitte in unterschiedlichen Höhen eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Führerraums.

There are now a variety of ways to design and develop the rail vehicle according to the invention. For this purpose, on the one hand, reference is made to the claims subordinate to claim 1, on the other hand to the description of embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. In the drawing shows:

Fig. 1

a side view of a driver's compartment of a rail vehicle according to the present invention,

Fig. 2a) and b)

Cross sections in different heights of a first embodiment of a driver's compartment,

Fig. 3a) and b)

Cross sections in different heights of a second embodiment of a driver's compartment, and

Fig. 4a) and b)

Cross sections in different heights of a third embodiment of a driver's compartment.

In Fig. 1 is a part of a car body 2, not yet disguised state, in the area of the driver's compartment 3 in one Side view shown. The car body 2 extends from a rear end, not shown, of the rail vehicle 1 in a direction of travel F to a front end E, wherein at this front end E of the driver's compartment 3 is formed.

The driver's compartment 3 is via two direct external doors 4, of which in Fig. 1 only the relative to the direction of travel F rights is visible, accessible. Both outer doors 4 have a door leaf 5, which, as will be described with reference to the following figures, about an axis of rotation X ₁ , X ₂ or X ₃ , which is arranged in front of the door opening 6 in the direction of travel F, is pivotable from a closed position to an open position ,

Fig. 1 shows a horizontal section AA and arranged above another horizontal section BB, the section AA in the FIGS. 2a ) 3a ) and 4a ) is shown in each case different embodiments and the section BB in accordance with the FIGS. 2b ) 3b ) and 4b ).

When comparing the FIGS. 2a ) and b) or the FIGS. 3a ) and b) or the FIGS. 4a ) and b) it can be seen that the respective body 2 in all embodiments has an outer curvature, to which the shape of the outer door 4, in particular of the door leaf 5, is adjusted. Due to the curved shape of the door leaf 5, the vertical projection surface 5 'of the door leaf 5 is significantly larger than the horizontal cross-sectional area, which is shown in the sectional views by a hatching.

The three different in the FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrated embodiments of two different sections differ by the position of the respective axis of rotation X ₁ , ₂ or X ₃ , by which the door leaf 5 is pivotable from the open position to the closed position.

In the in the FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrated embodiments, the driver's compartment 3 from the left and right side by mirror-symmetrically constructed exterior doors 4 accessible in the direction of travel F forward in the room immediately behind a guide table 9 a center guide stand are pivotally, more precisely in the area between a central guide seat 10 and a supporting This area, which receives the door 5 in the open position, is anyway provided in a driver's compartment 3 in order to ensure access for the staff to the driver's seat 10.

In the FIGS. 2a ) and b) the axis of rotation X _{1 is arranged} at a certain distance from the door leaf 5, said column 8 being arranged in the intermediate space between the door leaf 5 and the axis of rotation X ₁ . The axis of rotation X ₁ or lying on the axis of rotation X ₁ door joint is connected to the door 5 by a hinge 7, which extends around a portion of the column 8 around.

In the in the FIGS. 2a ) and b) illustrated first embodiment, the axis of rotation X _{1 is arranged} on the side facing the Wagenkasteninnern side of the column 8. The position of the axis of rotation X ₁ defined at a given driver's compartment 3, in particular the predetermined position of the guide table 9 and the course of the body framework, the open position, ie the position of the door leaf 5, in which a maximum opening angle α is achieved. The maximum Opening angle α is more than 90 ° in the illustrated embodiment, in the present case about 100 °. The majority of the vertical projection surface 5 'of the door leaf 5 can be arranged by the choice of the position of the axis of rotation X ₁ in the direction of travel F in front of the door opening 6, which already allows a relatively large passage.

In the next embodiment, in the FIGS. 3a ) and b) is shown, the axis of rotation X2 with respect to the preceding with reference to FIGS. 2a ) and b) described position shifted slightly further in the direction of travel F forward and the Wagenkasteninnern out. This has the consequence that the passage width can be increased compared to the first embodiment. Since the door 5 but is relocated when opening relatively far to the Wagenkasteninnern, is on the one hand the direct access to the driver's seat 10 with respect to the in the FIGS. 2a ) and b) difficult, so that the staff after entering the driver's compartment 3 must walk around the rear seat 10 or the outer door 4 must first close before the driver's desk 9 is reached. On the other hand, the maximum opening angle .alpha. Can be restricted by components which come down from the ceiling of the car body 2 in the middle of the vehicle, for example a ventilation duct (not shown).

Im in the FIGS. 4a ) and b) illustrated embodiment, a further alternative of the positioning of the axis of rotation X _{3 is} shown. The axis of rotation X ₃ is arranged in this case on the direction of travel F forward facing side of the supporting column 8 and compared to the position in the FIGS. 3a ) and b) shown something to the carbody side wall reset.

In this positioning of the axis of rotation X ₃ is achieved that in the open position the complete vertical projection surface 5 'of the door leaf 5 is arranged in the direction of travel F in front of the door opening 6. Since the maximum opening angle α is about 90 °, a straight passage without protruding edges is created, which has approximately the same width as the door opening 6. To ensure this overlaps in Fig. 4b ) the vertical projection surface 5 'of the door leaf 5 in the open position with the vertical projection surface 9' of the guide table 9. In other words, the upper part of the door leaf 5, the in Fig. 4b ) hatched, in the vertical direction partially over the guide table. 9

In addition, by selecting the position of the axis of rotation X3 of the door 5 in the open position relative to the in the FIGS. 3a ) and b) shown embodiment further arranged to the car body side wall or to the column 8, whereby the access to the driver's seat 10 and the driver's desk 9 is possible even when the door is open directly. Also, possibly in the vehicle center of the ceiling hercriminating components in this case do not limit the opening angle α, but allow the door 5 can be passed to these components and in this way the guide table 9 can protrude with its upper part.

With all embodiments shown is readily apparent that in previous door arrangements in which the axis of rotation of the door is arranged behind the door opening seen in the direction of travel, to be provided for the door in the open position space and the driver's compartment can be formed so shortened, or that this space now much better for other in the cab desired facilities, such as electronic cabinets, can be used.

It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that the concept according to the invention should not be restricted to door arrangements with a real axis of rotation. Rather, a virtual axis of rotation can be realized, for example by means of a special, self-contained hinge.

Claims (10)

1. A rail vehicle (1) with a vehicle body (2) that extends in a driving direction (F) from a rear end to a front end (E) and in which a driver's cab (3) with at least one direct outside door (4) is arranged, wherein said outside door features a door leaf (5) that can be pivoted from a closed position into an open position in the driver's cab (3) about a pivoting axis (X₁, X₂, X₃), wherein a door opening (6) provided in the vehicle body (2) is closed in the closed position and the door leaf (5) is pivoted by a maximum pivoting angle (α) in the open position, characterized in that the door leaf (5) is at least sectionally bend inward or extends obliquely in the vertical cross section and the pivoting axis (X₁, X₂, X₃) is arranged in front of the centre of the door opening (6) referred to the driving direction (F), wherein the vertical projected area (5') of the door leaf (5) in the open position partially overlaps with the vertical projected area (9') of a driver's desk (9) that is arranged in the driver's cab (3) in front of the door opening (6) referred to the driving direction (F).
2. The rail vehicle (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pivoting axis (X₁, X₂, X₃) is arranged in front of the entire door opening (6) referred to the driving direction (F).
3. The rail vehicle (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a clearance is provided between the pivoting axis (X₁, X₂, X₃) and the door leaf (5), wherein at least one door hinge (7) extends from the door leaf (5) to the pivoting axis (X₁, X₂, X₃).
4. The rail vehicle (1) according to Claim 3, characterized in that a column (8), particularly a supporting column (8), preferably a solid column (8), of the vehicle body (2) is provided in front of the door opening (6) referred to the driving direction (F) and arranged between the pivoting axis (X₁, X₂, X₃) and the door leaf (5).
5. The rail vehicle (1) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the least one door hinge (7) extends around the column (8) in the closed position.
6. The rail vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum pivoting angle (α) between the closed position and the open position is at least 70°, particularly at least 90°.
7. The rail vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the open position at least the predominant portion of the vertical projected area (5') of the door leaf (5), preferably the entire vertical projected area (5') of the door leaf (5), is arranged in front of the door opening (6) referred to the driving direction (F).
8. The rail vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the open position at least the predominant portion of the vertical projected area (5') of the door leaf (5), preferably the entire vertical projected area (5') of the door leaf (5), is arranged adjacent to a driver's seat (10) provided in the driver's cab (3) referred to the driving direction (F).
9. The rail vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the driver's cab (3) extends over the entire width of the vehicle body (2) and each side of the vehicle body (2) is provided with an outside door (4), the respective pivoting axis (X₁, X₂, X₃) of which is arranged in front of the centre of the door opening (6), particularly in front of the entire door opening, referred to the driving direction (F).
10. The rail vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivoting axis (X₁, X₂, X₃) is a virtual pivoting axis.

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