EP2125174A1 - Method and device for treating a liquid - Google Patents

Method and device for treating a liquid

Info

Publication number
EP2125174A1
EP2125174A1 EP07857148A EP07857148A EP2125174A1 EP 2125174 A1 EP2125174 A1 EP 2125174A1 EP 07857148 A EP07857148 A EP 07857148A EP 07857148 A EP07857148 A EP 07857148A EP 2125174 A1 EP2125174 A1 EP 2125174A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
power converter
acoustic power
kavitationselements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07857148A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2125174B1 (en
Inventor
Günter Pöschl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ultrasonic Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Ultrasonic Systems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ultrasonic Systems GmbH filed Critical Ultrasonic Systems GmbH
Priority to PL07857148T priority Critical patent/PL2125174T3/en
Priority to SI200730576T priority patent/SI2125174T1/en
Publication of EP2125174A1 publication Critical patent/EP2125174A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2125174B1 publication Critical patent/EP2125174B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/05—Mixers using radiation, e.g. magnetic fields or microwaves to mix the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
    • B01F23/2331—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the introduction of the gas along the axis of the stirrer or along the stirrer elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237612—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237613—Ozone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/238—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using vibrations, electrical or magnetic energy, radiations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/115—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers comprising discs or disc-like elements essentially perpendicular to the stirrer shaft axis
    • B01F27/1151—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers comprising discs or disc-like elements essentially perpendicular to the stirrer shaft axis with holes on the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/50—Pipe mixers, i.e. mixers wherein the materials to be mixed flow continuously through pipes, e.g. column mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
    • B01F31/85—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations with a vibrating element inside the receptacle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
    • B01F23/2331—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the introduction of the gas along the axis of the stirrer or along the stirrer elements
    • B01F23/23311—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the introduction of the gas along the axis of the stirrer or along the stirrer elements through a hollow stirrer axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
    • B01F23/2336—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the location of the place of introduction of the gas relative to the stirrer
    • B01F23/23366—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the location of the place of introduction of the gas relative to the stirrer the gas being introduced in front of the stirrer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the treatment of a liquid.
  • the invention relates to a method for introducing gas into a liquid.
  • the loading of a liquid with gas is advantageous for a variety of purposes. For example, it allows chemical reactions between the gas and the liquid or between the gas and substances contained in the liquid.
  • One possible use is in the treatment of water, both drinking water and wastewater, where by introducing correspondingly reactive gases, the germ load can be reduced.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an effective method for introducing gases into a liquid.
  • a method for the treatment of a liquid comprises the following steps:
  • the introduction of gas into the liquid takes place in two stages, so to speak.
  • the cavitation element initially mixes the gas with it reaches the liquid at which the mean bubble size is still relatively high. Since the gas is introduced, in particular directly by means of a gas supply line to the surface of the Kavitationselements, it is ensured that the gas passes through the Kavitationsprozeß practically completely in the liquid.
  • the sound waves that are introduced into the liquid by the acoustic power converter cause a reduction of the gas bubbles as a "second stage", so that the mean bubble size in the entire liquid is significantly reduced, but it should be noted that the movement of the cavitation element and the In this way, a sonochemical solution of the gas in the liquid is achieved, whereby a high and especially predominant proportion of the gas is present in a molecularly dispersively dissolved form can be present as a pure substance or mixture of substances.
  • the inventive method it is possible to introduce a significantly higher proportion of gas in the liquid than with conventional known methods.
  • the space is completely with
  • Liquid filled so that the sound waves propagate throughout the room and can be reflected back into the liquid from all directions.
  • the introduced amount of gas is advantageously chosen so and the introduction of the gas is advantageously carried out so that no gas volume is formed over the liquid.
  • the acoustic power converter is preferably a piezoelectric element, which may be designed, for example, disk-shaped.
  • Each of the acoustic power converters has direct contact with the fluid so that the sound waves are radiated directly into the fluid.
  • Direct contact means in this
  • the acoustic power converter outputs sound waves of different frequencies. If several power converters are provided, these generate sound waves in the same or in different ones
  • the frequency of the sound waves in the ultrasonic range in particular between 400 and 1500 kHz. Particularly preferred frequencies between 600 and 1200 kHz are used.
  • the acoustic power converter is operated pulsed. This pulse duration is chosen so that the most effective possible crushing of the gas bubbles and dissolving the gas takes place in the liquid. If several acoustic power converters are provided, all or only some of them can be operated in pulse mode, with the same or different pulse durations and pulse frequencies.
  • a flow body is preferably used, which is shaped so that it generates zones along its surface with the highest possible flow velocity in order to achieve the highest possible cavitation and thus good mixing of the gas with the liquid.
  • the mechanical cavitation element is for example disc-shaped or disk-shaped.
  • a disk can be used which is provided with special structures, such as ellipsoidal pockets, in the region of which very high flow velocities are formed.
  • the supply of gas is preferably in the range of the highest
  • the liquid flows through the room.
  • the method is therefore not applied to a stationary volume of liquid, but to flowing in fürflußtama by the corresponding device liquid.
  • space is to be understood in a broad sense, which essentially describes the coherent volume around the cavitation element up to the volume around the acoustic power converters, which may be in close proximity to each other or at a certain distance from each other
  • the space may be formed by a single larger chamber in which both the cavitation element and the one or more acoustic power converter are arranged or by a plurality of chambers, but by However, it is always advantageous if the ultrasound acts up to the cavitation element, but it is always advantageous if the entire space containing the cavitation element and the orthe acoustic power converter comprises as uniformly as possible through the sound waves of the / the acoustic power converter (s).
  • the cavitation element is upstream of the acoustic
  • At least one acoustic power converter can be arranged upstream of the cavitation element.
  • This acoustic power converter is advantageously provided in addition to the power converter arranged downstream of the cavitation element. It has been found that degassing by means of acoustic power converter is very effective. In this way, the liquid that reaches the Kavitationselement, largely free of gas and can therefore be recharged to a higher degree with gas.
  • the time interval between the passage of the cavitation element and the passage of the acoustic power converter can be up to 10 seconds without any loss of gas loading efficiency.
  • the gas can be fed into the system in liquid form, which facilitates feed and storage. If, for example, liquid oxygen is used, there is also an advantageous cooling effect on the cavitation element and the surrounding liquid, which increases the solubility of the gas in the liquid, since the temperature of the liquid can be deliberately lowered.
  • the inventive method can be used very well for the treatment of water, especially of drinking or wastewater.
  • the gas contains at least one gas with oxidative properties, such as ozone.
  • the UV irradiation causes a conversion of oxygen to ozone.
  • the UV treatment can for example take place immediately before the exit of the gas at the cavitation element or else elsewhere in the gas supply system. It can be used to a UV lamp. Irradiation with X-rays or gamma rays is also conceivable.
  • the method according to the invention can be used, for example, for sterilizing the liquid or generally destroying bacteria, viruses, fungal spores, toxins or endocrine substances or for denaturing proteins. In addition, it can generally be used for the gassing of liquids, not just water or wastewater, with any suitable gas.
  • the invention also relates to a device, in particular for carrying out one of the described methods, having a space, a mechanical cavitation element arranged in the space, a gas supply device whose outlet opens in close proximity to the surface of the cavitation element and an acoustical power converter arranged in the space, thus arranged is that it emits sound waves directly into the room.
  • the space is filled with the liquid, preferably completely, so that the movement of the mechanical cavitation element causes cavitation in the liquid and the acoustic power converter (s) are in direct contact with the liquid and direct sound waves into the liquid Couple in the liquid.
  • the space preferably has a non-rotationally symmetrical cross section in the region of the cavitation element.
  • the cross section may be polygonal, for example.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a device according to the invention for carrying out a method according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 is a partially sectioned plan view of the device in Figure 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are views of a mechanical cavitation element for use in the device according to the invention and for carrying out the method according to the invention
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are views of an acoustic power converter for use in the device according to the invention and in the method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show a piezoelectric element for use in an acoustic power converter according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • Figure 1 shows an apparatus for carrying out a method for the treatment of liquids by loading the liquid with gas.
  • a space 12 for receiving the liquid has an inlet 14 and a drain 16.
  • the space 12 is formed in this example as a single chamber.
  • the process is operated in the flow principle, that is, the liquid flows through the inlet 14 into the space 12 at a uniform flow rate and out of the space 12 out of the drain 16.
  • Inlet 14 and outlet 16 are arranged on opposite sides of the space 12 in the axial direction A offset from one another.
  • the device 10 is oriented so that the inlet 14 is located at the lower end of the space 12.
  • the entire space 12 is completely filled with liquid.
  • a mechanical Kavitationselement 17 here in the form of a shaped as a flow body, horizontally and rotatably mounted discus-shaped with opposite convex sides, which meet at a sharp peripheral wheel.
  • Cavitation element 17 is connected via a hollow shaft 18 with a continuously variable
  • the cavitation element 17 is completely immersed in the liquid and is moved so fast that cavitation occurs in the liquid.
  • the gas supply line 21 is connected to a channel 22, which opens out of the room 12 and which can be connected to a gas supply (not shown).
  • the gas can be supplied in liquid form, it being advantageous, depending on the temperature of the liquid gas, if the gas is already gaseous on entering the channel 22.
  • cooled liquid gas such as liquid oxygen
  • the gas supply simultaneously contributes to the cooling of the entire device 10 and thus also to the cooling of the liquid in the space 12.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 show a possible formation of a Kavitationselements 17.
  • the Kavitationselement 17 has the shape of a
  • two ellipsoidal pockets 44 are provided.
  • a plurality of circumferentially slightly offset pockets 46 are formed in the back 42, wherein the depth of the pockets 44, 46 is selected so that in the region of the pockets
  • Cavitation element 17 are formed.
  • two of these openings are designated by the reference numeral 48. Due to this configuration, very high flow velocities are formed not only in the region of the peripheral edge of the cavitation element 17 but also in the region of the pockets 44, 46, which results in a very high cavitation effect precisely at these points.
  • the gas supply line 21 opens directly on the surface of the Kavitationselements 17, as can be seen in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the gas to be supplied flows through the channel 22, which is connected via a transverse bore 25 with the hollow shaft 18.
  • the gas supply line 21 terminates in the interior of the Kavitationselements 17 in an outlet which is in the form of several obliquely to the central axis M aligned mouth channels 50, each extending to the surface of the Kavitationselements 17 and in the concrete example, the surface on the inside of the pockets 46th to reach. That through the gas supply Induced gas thus exits directly on the surface of the Kavitationselements 17 and is introduced in the region of the highest cavitation effect in the liquid.
  • the exit angle ⁇ of the mouth channels 50 (measured to the vertical) is here about 50 °, but can of course be adapted to the particular application.
  • the gas supply in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the Kavitationselements can also be done elsewhere, not only through the Kavitationselement.
  • the cross section of the space 12 (see FIG. 1) in the region of the cavitation element 17 is chosen differently from the circular shape and is not rotationally symmetrical.
  • it is polygonal, such as triangular, quadrangular or pentagonal. This serves to increase the cavitation effect by preventing the formation of a rotating flow around the cavitation element 17.
  • the space 12 is enclosed by a wall 24 which holds the liquid in the
  • the space 12 also includes two short, angled at 90 ° connection piece 30, 32, to each of which an acoustic power converter 26, 28 is connected and connect the acoustic power converter 26, 28 with the chamber containing the Kavitationselement 17.
  • Both acoustic power converters 26, 28 are designed here as ultrasound transmitters and operate in a frequency range from 400 to 1500 kHz, preferably in a frequency range from 600 to 1200 kHz.
  • the nozzle 30 opens at the level of the inlet 14, offset in the circumferential direction of the chamber by 90 ° from this, while the nozzle 32 opens at the level of the drain 16, also offset by 90 ° from this.
  • the two acoustic power converters 26, 28 are axially spaced apart, so that no direct coupling of sound waves of a power converter can be done in the other power converter.
  • the acoustic power converters couple ultrasonic energy as an elementary wave directly into the liquid and also into the cavitation element 17, on both sides of each disk-shaped power converter 26, 28.
  • Each of the acoustic power converters 26, 28 simultaneously radiates a spectrum of different frequencies.
  • At least the acoustic power converter 28, optionally also the acoustic power converter 26 are not operated in continuous operation, but pulsed, with pulse frequency and pulse duration to the respective geometry of the
  • Figures 5 to 8 show a possible embodiment of an acoustic power converter, as it can be used for the acoustic power converter 26, 28.
  • a disk-shaped actuator 60 which consists here of a piezoelectric material, is arranged in a housing 62, which is preferably made of electrically non-conductive ceramic or plastic. Both end faces 64 are coated with an electrically conductive contact layer, here a silver layer 66. Both end faces 64 are also covered, except for a circular area near the edge, with a chemically inert protective layer 68, in particular gas, which covers the entire area of the actuator 60 which comes into contact with the liquid.
  • the electrically conductive layer 66 is used for contacting and for exciting the piezoelectric material and is connected in a known manner with a controllable voltage generator.
  • the actuator 60 is inserted in the housing 62 so that the junction between the protective layer 68 and the electrically conductive layer 66 is sealed by elastic seals 70.
  • the liquid can flow into the housing 52, so that they are in direct
  • the cavitation element 17 is set in such rapid rotation that cavitation takes place in the liquid.
  • Gas is directed to the surface of the cavitation element 17 by the gas supply device. Due to the Kavitations Sign the introduced gas is almost completely introduced into the liquid.
  • the introduced gas quantity can For example, be 285 g / h for oxygen in well water at a temperature of 15 C C.
  • the mean bubble size is still relatively large.
  • the two-stage process according to the invention is based on the introduction of the gas through the cavitation element 17 and the subsequent treatment of the gas bubbles already present in the liquid by sound waves emitted by the acoustic power converters 26, 28.
  • the cavitation element 17 and one or both acoustic power converters 26, 28 in different, interconnected only by piping chambers. It has been found that the distance can be chosen so large that can pass between the passage of the Kavitationselements 17 and the acoustic power converter 26, 28 up to 10s, in which the liquid flows from one chamber into the other chamber. It should be noted that the geometry of the space 12 is chosen so that the entire room is constantly sonicated by the sound waves of the acoustic power converter 26, 28. It is possible to arrange suitable reflectors in the space 12.
  • the geometry of the space 12 and the arrangement of the acoustic power converters 26, 28 is selected so that as few standing waves form in the space 12.
  • the fluidically first acoustic power converter 26 can also be used to degas the liquid before it is again charged with gas.
  • the inflowing liquid is exposed directly to the sound waves of the acoustic power converter 26, which leads to the fact that already dissolved in the liquid gas is expelled from the liquid. Only then does the liquid reach the region of the cavitation element 17, where it is again charged with the specially supplied gas.
  • An application of the device 10 and the process operated therewith is the purification of water, in particular wastewater.
  • the device 10 can be used for example in sewage treatment plants for the treatment of wastewater.
  • the gas supplied is preferably ozone-containing, with pure oxygen or even air as starting gas can be used.
  • irradiation with UV light is provided in the region of the gas supply device.
  • This can be done by a UV lamp, which is arranged for example in the region of the channel 22 or even the hollow shaft 18.
  • the UV lamp can also be irradiated with X-rays or gamma rays.
  • the supply of high energy radiation results in some of the oxygen being converted to ozone. Since the generation of the ozone is in the immediate vicinity of the exit of the gas, there is no problem that the ozone between the generation and the introduction into the liquid decomposes again. However, it is also possible to produce the ozone with a conventional ozone generator and then to feed the wastewater.
  • the gas may be in liquid form, e.g. in the form of liquid oxygen are fed into the system, wherein it is preferably present in gaseous form when entering the channel 22.
  • viruses, fungal spores and proteins, toxins or, particularly interesting, endocrine-safe substances are destroyed.
  • the destruction takes place mainly by known means by denaturation, ie a reaction of the ozone with certain chemical groups of the protein molecule.
  • the gas remains in solution for longer than in conventional methods, since a very small bubble size is achieved.
  • Bubbles with a diameter of a few angstroms or a few nanometers no longer behave like larger gas bubbles that rise directly to the surface, but behave sometimes even heavier than water and sink to the bottom. In addition, they are much more durable in the liquid than larger gas bubbles. Unlike the larger gas bubbles is in the
  • ⁇ approximately equal to the ambient pressure in the liquid. They also connect much less with each other to larger bubbles, so that the component remains at the smallest bubbles very long in the liquid.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Method and apparatus (sic) for dissolving gases in liquids comprises sonochemical dispersion of oxygen and/or ozone in the liquid to kill, bacteria and viruses by targeted oxidation.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung einer Flüssigkeit Method and device for treating a liquid
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Flüssigkeit. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Einbringen von Gas in eine Flüssigkeit.The invention relates to a method for the treatment of a liquid. In particular, the invention relates to a method for introducing gas into a liquid.
Das Beladen einer Flüssigkeit mit Gas ist für vielfältige Zwecke vorteilhaft. Es ermöglicht beispielsweise chemische Reaktionen zwischen dem Gas und der Flüssigkeit oder zwischen dem Gas und in der Flüssigkeit enthaltenen Stoffen. Ein möglicher Einsatzzweck findet sich in der Behandlung von Wasser, sowohl von Trinkwasser als auch von Abwässern, wo durch das Einleiten entsprechend reaktiver Gase die Keimbelastung reduziert werden kann.The loading of a liquid with gas is advantageous for a variety of purposes. For example, it allows chemical reactions between the gas and the liquid or between the gas and substances contained in the liquid. One possible use is in the treatment of water, both drinking water and wastewater, where by introducing correspondingly reactive gases, the germ load can be reduced.
Es besteht ein technisches Problem darin, den Anteil der wirksam in dieThere is a technical problem in the proportion of effective in the
Flüssigkeit eingebrachten Gasmenge zu erhöhen. Je höher dieser Anteil ist, in desto größerem Maße kann eine chemische Reaktion zwischen Gas undIncrease liquid introduced amount of gas. The higher the proportion, the greater the potential for a chemical reaction between gas and gas
Flüssigkeit erfolgen. Daher wird seit langem diskutiert, die Verteilung des eingeleiteten Gases in der Flüssigkeit durch Ultraschall zu unterstützen.Liquid done. Therefore, it has long been discussed to assist the distribution of the introduced gas in the liquid by ultrasound.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein effektives Verfahren zum Einbringen von Gasen eine Flüssigkeit bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is to provide an effective method for introducing gases into a liquid.
Hierzu weist ein Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Flüssigkeit die folgenden Schritte auf:For this purpose, a method for the treatment of a liquid comprises the following steps:
- Einleiten der zu behandelnden Flüssigkeit in einen Raum,- introducing the liquid to be treated into a room,
- Einwirken eines mechanischen Kavitationselements auf die Flüssigkeit unter Zuführen von Gas in den Bereich der Oberfläche des Kavitationselements und Einbringen des Gases in die Flüssigkeit durch Bewegen des Kavitationselements, und- Acting of a mechanical Kavitationselements on the liquid while supplying gas in the region of the surface of the Kavitationselements and introducing the gas into the liquid by moving the Kavitationselements, and
- Einleiten von Schallwellen unmittelbar in die Flüssigkeit durch wenigstens einen akustischen Leistungswandler.- Introducing sound waves directly into the liquid through at least one acoustic power converter.
Das Einbringen von Gas in die Flüssigkeit erfolgt dabei sozusagen zweistufig. Durch das Kavitationselement wird zunächst eine Vermischung des Gases mit der Flüssigkeit erreicht, bei der die mittlere Blasengröße noch relativ hoch ist. Da das Gas insbesondere mittels einer Gaszuführleitung unmittelbar an der Oberfläche des Kavitationselements eingeleitet wird, ist sichergestellt, daß das Gas durch den Kavitationsprozeß praktisch vollständig in die Flüssigkeit gelangt. Die Schallwellen, die vom akustischen Leistungswandler in die Flüssigkeit eingeleitet werden, bewirken als „zweite Stufe" eine Verkleinerung der Gasblasen, so daß die mittlere Blasengröße in der gesamten Flüssigkeit deutlich reduziert wird. Dabei ist jedoch zu beachten, daß die Bewegung des Kavitationselements und die Beschallung des Raumes und somit auch die Prozesse des Gaseintrags und der Zerkleinerung der Blasen gleichzeitig erfolgen. Auf diese Weise wird eine sonochemische Lösung des Gases in der Flüssigkeit erreicht, wobei ein hoher und insbesondere überwiegender Anteil des Gases in molekular dispersiv gelöster Form vorliegt. Das Gas kann als Reinstoff oder Stoffgemisch vorliegen.The introduction of gas into the liquid takes place in two stages, so to speak. The cavitation element initially mixes the gas with it reaches the liquid at which the mean bubble size is still relatively high. Since the gas is introduced, in particular directly by means of a gas supply line to the surface of the Kavitationselements, it is ensured that the gas passes through the Kavitationsprozeß practically completely in the liquid. The sound waves that are introduced into the liquid by the acoustic power converter cause a reduction of the gas bubbles as a "second stage", so that the mean bubble size in the entire liquid is significantly reduced, but it should be noted that the movement of the cavitation element and the In this way, a sonochemical solution of the gas in the liquid is achieved, whereby a high and especially predominant proportion of the gas is present in a molecularly dispersively dissolved form can be present as a pure substance or mixture of substances.
Mit diesem Verfahren kann z.B. eine mittlere Basengröße von weniger alsWith this method, e.g. a mean base size of less than
50 μm erreicht sowie ein hoher Anteil an Blasen im Nanometer- bis Angströmbereich erzeugt werden.50 microns achieved and a high proportion of bubbles in the nanometer to Angströmbereich be generated.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist es möglich, einen deutlich höheren Anteil an Gas in die Flüssigkeit einzubringen als mit herkömmlichen bekannten Verfahren.The inventive method, it is possible to introduce a significantly higher proportion of gas in the liquid than with conventional known methods.
Vorzugsweise wird beim Einleiten der Flüssigkeit der Raum vollständig mitPreferably, when introducing the liquid, the space is completely with
Flüssigkeit gefüllt, so daß sich die Schallwellen im gesamten Raum ausbreiten und von allen Richtungen in die Flüssigkeit zurückreflektiert werden können. Die eingeleitete Gasmenge ist vorteilhaft so gewählt und die Einleitung des Gases erfolgt vorteilhaft so, daß kein Gasvolumen über der Flüssigkeit entsteht.Liquid filled, so that the sound waves propagate throughout the room and can be reflected back into the liquid from all directions. The introduced amount of gas is advantageously chosen so and the introduction of the gas is advantageously carried out so that no gas volume is formed over the liquid.
Der akustische Leistungswandler ist vorzugsweise ein piezoelektrisches Element, das beispielsweise scheibenförmig gestaltet sein kann.The acoustic power converter is preferably a piezoelectric element, which may be designed, for example, disk-shaped.
Es ist möglich, nur einen, zwei oder eine Vielzahl von akustischenIt is possible only one, two or a variety of acoustic
Leistungswandlern im Raum anzuordnen. Jeder der akustischen Leistungswandler hat direkten Kontakt zur Flüssigkeit, so daß die Schallwellen direkt in die Flüssigkeit abgestrahlt werden. Direkter Kontakt heißt in diesemTo arrange power converters in the room. Each of the acoustic power converters has direct contact with the fluid so that the sound waves are radiated directly into the fluid. Direct contact means in this
Zusammenhang, daß keine leitenden Festkörper vom Leistungswandler die Schwingungen in die Flüssigkeit einleitet, wie dies z.B. eine Sonotrode macht. Vielmehr steht die Flüssigkeit direkt am Leistungswandler, also der Ultraschallquelle selbst an.Connection that no conductive solids from the power converter Vibrations in the liquid initiates, as for example, makes a sonotrode. Rather, the liquid is directly on the power converter, so the ultrasound source itself.
Vorteilhaft gibt der akustische Leistungswandler Schallwellen unterschiedlicher Frequenzen ab. Sind mehrere Leistungswandler vorgesehen, erzeugen diese jeweils Schallwellen im gleichen oder in unterschiedlichenAdvantageously, the acoustic power converter outputs sound waves of different frequencies. If several power converters are provided, these generate sound waves in the same or in different ones
Frequenzbereichen. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß es von Vorteil ist, wenn ein solches „Frequenzgemisch" auf die Flüssigkeit einwirkt, um viel Gas zu lösen.Frequency ranges. It has been found to be advantageous if such a "frequency mixture" acts on the liquid to dissolve much gas.
Vorzugsweise liegt die Frequenz der Schallwellen im Ultraschallbereich, insbesondere zwischen 400 und 1500 kHz. Besonders bevorzugt werden Frequenzen zwischen 600 und 1200 kHz eingesetzt.Preferably, the frequency of the sound waves in the ultrasonic range, in particular between 400 and 1500 kHz. Particularly preferred frequencies between 600 and 1200 kHz are used.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der akustische Leistungswandler gepulst betrieben. Diese Pulsdauer ist dabei so gewählt, daß ein möglichst effektives Zerkleinern der Gasblasen und Lösen des Gases in der Flüssigkeit erfolgt. Sind mehrere akustische Leistungswandler vorgesehen, können alle oder nur einige davon im Pulsbetrieb, mit gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Pulsdauern und Pulsfrequenzen betrieben werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the acoustic power converter is operated pulsed. This pulse duration is chosen so that the most effective possible crushing of the gas bubbles and dissolving the gas takes place in the liquid. If several acoustic power converters are provided, all or only some of them can be operated in pulse mode, with the same or different pulse durations and pulse frequencies.
Es ist möglich, im Raum Reflektoren für Schallwellen anzuordnen, die die Schallwellen in die Flüssigkeit zurückreflektieren.It is possible to arrange in the room reflectors for sound waves, which reflect the sound waves back into the liquid.
Die Bewegung des mechanischen Kavitationselements ist vorteilhaft eineThe movement of the mechanical cavitation element is advantageously a
Rotationsbewegung, da sich so auf einfache Weise eine gute Kavitationswirkung erzielen läßt. Als mechanisches Kavitationselement wird bevorzugt ein Strömungskörper eingesetzt, der so geformt ist, daß er entlang seiner Oberfläche Zonen mit möglichst hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erzeugt, um eine möglichst hohe Kavitationswirkung und damit eine gute Vermischung des Gases mit der Flüssigkeit zu erzielen.Rotational movement, as can be achieved in a simple manner, a good Kavitationswirkung. As a mechanical cavitation element, a flow body is preferably used, which is shaped so that it generates zones along its surface with the highest possible flow velocity in order to achieve the highest possible cavitation and thus good mixing of the gas with the liquid.
Das mechanische Kavitationselement ist beispielsweise scheibenförmig oder diskusförmig ausgebildet. Dabei kann eine Scheibe verwendet werden, die mit speziellen Strukturen wie etwa ellipsoidförmigen Taschen versehen ist, in deren Bereich sich sehr hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten ausbilden. - A -The mechanical cavitation element is for example disc-shaped or disk-shaped. In this case, a disk can be used which is provided with special structures, such as ellipsoidal pockets, in the region of which very high flow velocities are formed. - A -
Das Zuführen von Gas erfolgt vorzugsweise im Bereich der höchstenThe supply of gas is preferably in the range of the highest
Strömungsgeschwindigkeit an der Oberfläche des Kavitationselements, da sich gezeigt hat, daß sich so eine besonders gute Durchmischung erzielen läßt. Dies kann im Bereich der erwähnten Strukturen oder auch im Bereich des Randes der Scheibe erfolgen.Flow velocity at the surface of the Kavitationselements, since it has been shown that can be achieved so a particularly good mixing. This can be done in the region of the mentioned structures or in the region of the edge of the disk.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform strömt die Flüssigkeit durch den Raum hindurch. Das Verfahren wird also nicht auf ein stehendes Flüssigkeitsvolumen, sondern auf im Durchflußprinzip durch die entsprechende Vorrichtung strömende Flüssigkeit angewandt.In an advantageous embodiment, the liquid flows through the room. The method is therefore not applied to a stationary volume of liquid, but to flowing in Durchflußprinzip by the corresponding device liquid.
Der Begriff „Raum" ist dabei breit zu verstehen. Er beschreibt im wesentlichen das zusammenhängende Volumen um das Kavitationselement bis hin zu dem Volumen um die akustischen Leistungswandler. Diese Volumina können in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zueinander liegen oder mit einem gewissen Abstand zueinander, der natürlich durch das Ausgasen des durch das Kavitationselement in die Flüssigkeit eingebrachten Gases mitbestimmt ist. Der Raum kann von einer einzigen größeren Kammer gebildet sein, in der sowohl das Kavitationselement als auch der oder die akustische(n) Leistungswandler angeordnet sind oder auch von mehreren Kammern, die aber durch Rohrleitungen zusammenhängend miteinander verbunden sind, wobei das Kavitationselement und der akustische Leistungswandler jeweils in einer eigenen Kammer angeordnet sind. Wichtig ist jedoch, daß der Ultraschall bis zum Kavitationselement wirkt. Es ist jedoch immer vorteilhaft, wenn der gesamte Raum, der das Kavitationselement und den oder die akustischen Leistungswandler umfaßt, möglichst gleichmäßig von den Schallwellen des/der akustischen Leistungswandler(s) durchzogen wird.The term "space" is to be understood in a broad sense, which essentially describes the coherent volume around the cavitation element up to the volume around the acoustic power converters, which may be in close proximity to each other or at a certain distance from each other The space may be formed by a single larger chamber in which both the cavitation element and the one or more acoustic power converter are arranged or by a plurality of chambers, but by However, it is always advantageous if the ultrasound acts up to the cavitation element, but it is always advantageous if the entire space containing the cavitation element and the orthe acoustic power converter comprises as uniformly as possible through the sound waves of the / the acoustic power converter (s).
Vorzugsweise ist das Kavitationselement stromaufwärts des akustischenPreferably, the cavitation element is upstream of the acoustic
Leistungswandlers angeordnet, so daß die vom Kavitationselement in die Flüssigkeit eingebrachten, relativ großen Blasen anschließend von den Schallwellen des oder der akustischen Leistungswandler erfaßt und dadurch „zerkleinert" werden und das Gas gelöst wird.Power converter arranged so that the Kavitationselement introduced into the liquid, relatively large bubbles are then detected by the sound waves of the acoustic power converter or and thereby "crushed" and the gas is released.
Es ist möglich, die Flüssigkeit vor der Behandlung mit demIt is possible to use the liquid before treatment
Kavitationselement und den Schallwellen zu entgasen. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Löslichkeit des einzubringenden Gases erhöht wird, indem andere Gase vorher aus der Flüssigkeit entfernt werden. Zur Entgasung kann beispielsweise wenigstens ein akustischer Leistungswandler stromaufwärts des Kavitationselements angeordnet sein. Dieser akustische Leistungswandler ist vorteilhaft zusätzlich zu dem stromabwärts des Kavitationselements angeordneten Leistungswandler vorgesehen. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß eine Entgasung mittels akustischer Leistungswandler sehr effektiv ist. Auf diese Weise ist die Flüssigkeit, die zum Kavitationselement gelangt, weitgehend gasfrei und läßt sich daher zu einem höheren Maß erneut mit Gas beladen.To degas cavitation element and the sound waves. This has the advantage that the solubility of the gas to be introduced is increased by previously removing other gases from the liquid. For degassing, for example, at least one acoustic power converter can be arranged upstream of the cavitation element. This acoustic power converter is advantageously provided in addition to the power converter arranged downstream of the cavitation element. It has been found that degassing by means of acoustic power converter is very effective. In this way, the liquid that reaches the Kavitationselement, largely free of gas and can therefore be recharged to a higher degree with gas.
Es hat sich ferner herausgestellt, daß für die Flüssigkeit der zeitliche Abstand zwischen dem Passieren des Kavitationselements und dem Passieren des akustischen Leistungswandlers bis zu 10 Sekunden betragen kann, ohne daß ein Verlust in der Effektivität der Gasbeladung eintritt.It has also been found that for the liquid the time interval between the passage of the cavitation element and the passage of the acoustic power converter can be up to 10 seconds without any loss of gas loading efficiency.
Das Gas kann in flüssiger Form in das System eingespeist werden, was Zufuhr und Lagerhaltung erleichtert. Wird beispielsweise flüssiger Sauerstoff verwendet, ergibt sich außerdem eine vorteilhafte Kühlwirkung auf das Kavitationselement und die umgebende Flüssigkeit, was die Löslichkeit des Gases in der Flüssigkeit erhöht, da die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit gezielt erniedrigt werden kann.The gas can be fed into the system in liquid form, which facilitates feed and storage. If, for example, liquid oxygen is used, there is also an advantageous cooling effect on the cavitation element and the surrounding liquid, which increases the solubility of the gas in the liquid, since the temperature of the liquid can be deliberately lowered.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich sehr gut zur Behandlung von Wasser, insbesondere von Trink- oder Abwasser einsetzen.The inventive method can be used very well for the treatment of water, especially of drinking or wastewater.
Hierzu ist insbesondere vorgesehen, daß das Gas wenigstens ein Gas mit oxidativen Eigenschaften, etwa Ozon, enthält.For this purpose, it is provided in particular that the gas contains at least one gas with oxidative properties, such as ozone.
Zur Erzeugung des Ozons ist es möglich, das Gas vor der Zuführung zum Kavitationselement mit UV-Licht zu behandeln. Wird als Gas Sauerstoff oder Luft verwendet, bewirkt die UV-Bestrahlung eine Umwandlung von Sauerstoff in Ozon. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß das stark reaktive Ozon erst unmittelbar vor seinem Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit erzeugt wird. Die UV-Behandlung kann beispielsweise unmittelbar vor dem Austritt des Gases am Kavitationselement erfolgen oder auch an anderer Stelle im Gaszuführsystem. Es kann dazu eine UV-Lampe verwendet werden. Auch die Bestrahlung mit Röntgen- oder Gammastrahlung ist denkbar. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist beispielsweise zum Entkeimen der Flüssigkeit oder allgemein zum Zerstören von Bakterien, von Viren, von Pilzsporen, von Toxinen oder endokrinen Stoffen oder zum Denaturieren von Proteinen einsetzbar. Darüber hinaus läßt es sich allgemein zur Begasung von Flüssigkeiten, nicht nur von Wasser oder Abwasser, mit jedem geeigneten Gas verwenden.To generate the ozone, it is possible to treat the gas with UV light before it is fed to the cavitation element. When oxygen or air is used as the gas, the UV irradiation causes a conversion of oxygen to ozone. This has the advantage that the highly reactive ozone is generated only immediately before its contact with the liquid. The UV treatment can for example take place immediately before the exit of the gas at the cavitation element or else elsewhere in the gas supply system. It can be used to a UV lamp. Irradiation with X-rays or gamma rays is also conceivable. The method according to the invention can be used, for example, for sterilizing the liquid or generally destroying bacteria, viruses, fungal spores, toxins or endocrine substances or for denaturing proteins. In addition, it can generally be used for the gassing of liquids, not just water or wastewater, with any suitable gas.
Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Vorrichtung, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines der beschriebenen Verfahren, mit einem Raum, einem im Raum angeordneten mechanischen Kavitationselement, einer Gaszuführeinrichtung, deren Auslaß in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Oberfläche des Kavitationselements mündet und einem im Raum angeordneten akustischen Leistungswandler, der so angeordnet ist, daß er Schallwellen direkt in den Raum abstrahlt. Zur Behandlung der Flüssigkeit wird der Raum mit der Flüssigkeit gefüllt, vorzugsweise vollständig, so daß die Bewegung des mechanischen Kavitationselements Kavitation in der Flüssigkeit hervorruft und der (oder die) akustische(n) Leistungswandler in direktem Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit sind und Schallwellen direkt in die Flüssigkeit einkoppeln.The invention also relates to a device, in particular for carrying out one of the described methods, having a space, a mechanical cavitation element arranged in the space, a gas supply device whose outlet opens in close proximity to the surface of the cavitation element and an acoustical power converter arranged in the space, thus arranged is that it emits sound waves directly into the room. To treat the liquid, the space is filled with the liquid, preferably completely, so that the movement of the mechanical cavitation element causes cavitation in the liquid and the acoustic power converter (s) are in direct contact with the liquid and direct sound waves into the liquid Couple in the liquid.
Zur Erhöhung der Kavitationswirkung hat der Raum vorzugsweise im Bereich des Kavitationselements einen nicht rotationssymmetrischen Querschnitt. Der Querschnitt kann beispielsweise polygonförmig sein.To increase the cavitation effect, the space preferably has a non-rotationally symmetrical cross section in the region of the cavitation element. The cross section may be polygonal, for example.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels, mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen. In diesen zeigen:Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In these show:
- Figur 1 eine Teilschnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;- Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a device according to the invention for carrying out a method according to the invention;
- Figur 2 eine teilgeschnittene Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung in Figur 1;- Figure 2 is a partially sectioned plan view of the device in Figure 1;
- Figuren 3 und 4 Ansichten eines mechanischen Kavitationselement zur Verwendung in der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens; - die Figuren 5 und 6 Ansichten eines akustischen Leistungswandlers zur Verwendung in der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren; undFIGS. 3 and 4 are views of a mechanical cavitation element for use in the device according to the invention and for carrying out the method according to the invention; FIGS. 5 and 6 are views of an acoustic power converter for use in the device according to the invention and in the method according to the invention; and
- Figuren 7 und 8 ein piezoelektrisches Element zur Verwendung in einem akustischen Leistungswandler nach den Figuren 5 und 6.FIGS. 7 and 8 show a piezoelectric element for use in an acoustic power converter according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zur Behandlung von Flüssigkeiten durch Beladen der Flüssigkeit mit Gas.Figure 1 shows an apparatus for carrying out a method for the treatment of liquids by loading the liquid with gas.
Ein Raum 12 zur Aufnahme der Flüssigkeit weist einen Zulauf 14 und einen Ablauf 16 auf. Der Raum 12 ist in diesem Beispiel als eine einzige Kammer ausgebildet.A space 12 for receiving the liquid has an inlet 14 and a drain 16. The space 12 is formed in this example as a single chamber.
Das Verfahren wird im Durchflußprinzip betrieben, d.h., die Flüssigkeit strömt mit gleichmäßiger Strömungsgeschwindigkeit durch den Zulauf 14 in den Raum 12 ein und aus dem Ablauf 16 aus dem Raum 12 heraus. Zulauf 14 und Ablauf 16 sind an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Raums 12 in axialer Richtung A versetzt zueinander angeordnet. Im Betrieb ist die Vorrichtung 10 so ausgerichtet, daß der Zulauf 14 am unteren Ende des Raumes 12 liegt.The process is operated in the flow principle, that is, the liquid flows through the inlet 14 into the space 12 at a uniform flow rate and out of the space 12 out of the drain 16. Inlet 14 and outlet 16 are arranged on opposite sides of the space 12 in the axial direction A offset from one another. In operation, the device 10 is oriented so that the inlet 14 is located at the lower end of the space 12.
Im Betrieb der Vorrichtung 10 ist der gesamte Raum 12 vollständig mit Flüssigkeit gefüllt.In operation of the device 10, the entire space 12 is completely filled with liquid.
In der Nähe des Zulaufs 14 befindet sich ein mechanisches Kavitationselement 17, hier in Form einer als Strömungskörper geformten, horizontal und drehbar gelagerten diskusförmigen mit entgegengesetzten konvexen Seiten, die an einem scharfen Umfangsrad aufeinandertreffen. DasIn the vicinity of the inlet 14 is a mechanical Kavitationselement 17, here in the form of a shaped as a flow body, horizontally and rotatably mounted discus-shaped with opposite convex sides, which meet at a sharp peripheral wheel. The
Kavitationselement 17 ist über eine Hohlwelle 18 mit einem stufenlos regelbarenCavitation element 17 is connected via a hollow shaft 18 with a continuously variable
Motor 20 verbunden, der die Drehgeschwindigkeit des Kavitationselements 17 bestimmt. Das Kavitationselement 17 ist vollständig in die Flüssigkeit eingetaucht und wird so schnell bewegt, daß in der Flüssigkeit Kavitation auftritt.Motor 20 which determines the rotational speed of the Kavitationselements 17. The cavitation element 17 is completely immersed in the liquid and is moved so fast that cavitation occurs in the liquid.
Im Inneren der Hohlwelle 18 ist eine Gaszuführleitung 21 ausgebildet (sieheInside the hollow shaft 18, a gas supply line 21 is formed (see
Figuren 1 und 3), die Teil einer Gaszuführeinrichtung ist, durch die Gas zumFigures 1 and 3), which is part of a gas supply, through the gas to
Einbringen in die Flüssigkeit an die Oberfläche des Kavitationselements 17 geführt wird. Hierzu ist die Gaszuführleitung 21 mit einem Kanal 22 verbunden, der außerhalb des Raumes 12 mündet und der an eine Gasversorgung (nicht gezeigt) angeschlossen werden kann.Introducing the liquid is guided to the surface of the Kavitationselements 17. For this purpose, the gas supply line 21 is connected to a channel 22, which opens out of the room 12 and which can be connected to a gas supply (not shown).
Das Gas kann in flüssiger Form zugeführt werden, wobei je nach Temperatur des flüssigen Gases es vorteilhaft ist, wenn das Gas bei Eintritt in den Kanal 22 bereits gasförmig ist. Bei der Verwendung von gekühltem flüssigem Gas wie etwa flüssigem Sauerstoff bietet sich der Vorteil, daß die Gaszuführeinrichtung gleichzeitig zur Kühlung der gesamten Vorrichtung 10 und damit auch zur Kühlung der Flüssigkeit im Raum 12 beiträgt.The gas can be supplied in liquid form, it being advantageous, depending on the temperature of the liquid gas, if the gas is already gaseous on entering the channel 22. When using cooled liquid gas such as liquid oxygen, there is the advantage that the gas supply simultaneously contributes to the cooling of the entire device 10 and thus also to the cooling of the liquid in the space 12.
Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen eine mögliche Ausbildung eines Kavitationselements 17. Das Kavitationselement 17 hat die Form einer alsFigures 3 and 4 show a possible formation of a Kavitationselements 17. The Kavitationselement 17 has the shape of a
Strömungskörper ausgebildeten Scheibe, wobei die Stirnseite 40 stärker konvex gekrümmt ist als die Rückseite 42. In der Stirnseite 40 des KavitationselementsFlow body formed disc, wherein the end face 40 is more convexly curved than the back 42. In the end face 40 of the Kavitationselements
17 sind zwei ellipsoidförmige Taschen 44 vorgesehen. Mehrere umfangsmäßig leicht zueinander versetzte Taschen 46 sind in der Rückseite 42 ausgebildet, wobei die Tiefe der Taschen 44, 46 so gewählt ist, daß im Bereich der Taschen17, two ellipsoidal pockets 44 are provided. A plurality of circumferentially slightly offset pockets 46 are formed in the back 42, wherein the depth of the pockets 44, 46 is selected so that in the region of the pockets
44 Durchbrüche zwischen der Stirnseite 40 und der Rückseite 42 des44 breakthroughs between the end face 40 and the back 42 of the
Kavitationselements 17 gebildet sind. In Figur 4 sind zwei dieser Durchbrüche mit dem Bezugszeichen 48 bezeichnet. Aufgrund dieser Gestaltung bilden sich sehr hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten nicht nur im Bereich des Umfangsrands des Kavitationselements 17, sondern auch im Bereich der Taschen 44, 46 aus, wodurch gerade an diesen Stellen eine sehr hohe Kavitationswirkung resultiert.Cavitation element 17 are formed. In Figure 4, two of these openings are designated by the reference numeral 48. Due to this configuration, very high flow velocities are formed not only in the region of the peripheral edge of the cavitation element 17 but also in the region of the pockets 44, 46, which results in a very high cavitation effect precisely at these points.
Die Gaszuführleitung 21 mündet unmittelbar an der Oberfläche des Kavitationselements 17, wie dies in den Figuren 3 und 4 zu erkennen ist.The gas supply line 21 opens directly on the surface of the Kavitationselements 17, as can be seen in Figures 3 and 4.
Das zuzuführende Gas strömt durch den Kanal 22 ein, der über eine Querbohrung 25 mit der Hohlwelle 18 verbunden ist. Der Teil derThe gas to be supplied flows through the channel 22, which is connected via a transverse bore 25 with the hollow shaft 18. The part of
Gaszuführeinrichtung, der zwischen dem Motor 20 und dem KavitationselementGas supply, between the engine 20 and the Kavitationselement
17 angeordnet ist, ist hier in einem Gehäuse 23 angeordnet, das die Hohlwelle17 is arranged here is arranged in a housing 23 which is the hollow shaft
18 umgibt und das Kavitationselement 17 mit dem Motor 20 verbindet. Die Gaszuführleitung 21 endet im Inneren des Kavitationselements 17 in einem Auslaß, der in Form von mehreren, schräg zur Mittelachse M ausgerichteten Mündungskanälen 50 ausgebildet ist, die jeweils bis zur Oberfläche des Kavitationselements 17 reichen und im konkreten Beispiel die Oberfläche an der Innenseite der Taschen 46 erreichen. Das durch die Gaszuführeinrichtung herbeigeleitete Gas tritt somit direkt an der Oberfläche des Kavitationselements 17 aus und wird im Bereich der höchsten Kavitationswirkung in die Flüssigkeit eingebracht. Der Austrittswinkel α der Mündungskanäle 50 (zur Vertikalen gemessen) beträgt hier etwa 50°, läßt sich aber natürlich dem jeweiligen Einsatzzweck anpassen.18 surrounds and connects the Kavitationselement 17 with the motor 20. The gas supply line 21 terminates in the interior of the Kavitationselements 17 in an outlet which is in the form of several obliquely to the central axis M aligned mouth channels 50, each extending to the surface of the Kavitationselements 17 and in the concrete example, the surface on the inside of the pockets 46th to reach. That through the gas supply Induced gas thus exits directly on the surface of the Kavitationselements 17 and is introduced in the region of the highest cavitation effect in the liquid. The exit angle α of the mouth channels 50 (measured to the vertical) is here about 50 °, but can of course be adapted to the particular application.
Die Gaszuleitung in unmittelbarer Nähe des Oberfläche des Kavitationselements kann auch an anderer Stelle, nicht nur durch das Kavitationselement hindurch erfolgen.The gas supply in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the Kavitationselements can also be done elsewhere, not only through the Kavitationselement.
Der Querschnitt des Raums 12 (siehe Figur 1) im Bereich des Kavitationselements 17 ist abweichend von der Kreisform gewählt und ist nicht rotationssymmetrisch. Er ist beispielsweise polygonförmig, etwa dreieckig, viereckig oder fünfeckig. Dies dient der Erhöhung der Kavitationswirkung, indem es die Ausbildung einer rotierenden Strömung um das Kavitationselement 17 verhindert.The cross section of the space 12 (see FIG. 1) in the region of the cavitation element 17 is chosen differently from the circular shape and is not rotationally symmetrical. For example, it is polygonal, such as triangular, quadrangular or pentagonal. This serves to increase the cavitation effect by preventing the formation of a rotating flow around the cavitation element 17.
Der Raum 12 ist von einer Wandung 24 umschlossen, die die Flüssigkeit imThe space 12 is enclosed by a wall 24 which holds the liquid in the
Raum 12 hält. Zum Raum 12 zählen dabei neben der Kammer, in der das Kavitationselement 17 angeordnet ist, auch die anschließenden Rohrleitungen.Room 12 stops. To room 12 include next to the chamber in which the Kavitationselement 17 is arranged, and the subsequent piping.
Der Raum 12 umfaßt dabei auch zwei kurze, um 90° abgewinkelte Verbindungsstutzen 30, 32, an die jeweils ein akustischer Leistungswandler 26, 28 angeschlossen ist und die die akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 mit der Kammer verbinden, die das Kavitationselement 17 enthält. Beide akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 sind hier als Ultraschallgeber ausgebildet und arbeiten in einem Frequenzbereich von 400 bis 1500 kHz, bevorzugt in einem Frequenzbereich von 600 bis 1200 kHz. Der Stutzen 30 mündet dabei auf der Höhe des Zulaufs 14, in Umfangsrichtung der Kammer um 90° versetzt von diesem, während der Stutzen 32 auf Höhe des Ablaufs 16 mündet, ebenfalls um 90° versetzt von diesem. Die beiden akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 sind axial voneinander beabstandet, so daß keine direkte Einkopplung von Schallwellen des einen Leistungswandlers in den anderen Leistungswandler erfolgen kann. Die akustischen Leistungswandler koppeln Ultraschallenergie als Elementarwelle direkt in die Flüssigkeit und auch in das Kavitationselement 17 ein, und zwar auf beiden Seiten jedes scheibenförmigen Leistungswandlers 26, 28. Jeder der akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 strahlt gleichzeitig ein Spektrum verschiedener Frequenzen ab.The space 12 also includes two short, angled at 90 ° connection piece 30, 32, to each of which an acoustic power converter 26, 28 is connected and connect the acoustic power converter 26, 28 with the chamber containing the Kavitationselement 17. Both acoustic power converters 26, 28 are designed here as ultrasound transmitters and operate in a frequency range from 400 to 1500 kHz, preferably in a frequency range from 600 to 1200 kHz. The nozzle 30 opens at the level of the inlet 14, offset in the circumferential direction of the chamber by 90 ° from this, while the nozzle 32 opens at the level of the drain 16, also offset by 90 ° from this. The two acoustic power converters 26, 28 are axially spaced apart, so that no direct coupling of sound waves of a power converter can be done in the other power converter. The acoustic power converters couple ultrasonic energy as an elementary wave directly into the liquid and also into the cavitation element 17, on both sides of each disk-shaped power converter 26, 28. Each of the acoustic power converters 26, 28 simultaneously radiates a spectrum of different frequencies.
Wenigstens der akustische Leistungswandler 28, optional auch der akustische Leistungswandler 26 werden nicht im Dauerbetrieb, sondern gepulst betrieben, wobei Pulsfrequenz und Pulsdauer auf die jeweilige Geometrie desAt least the acoustic power converter 28, optionally also the acoustic power converter 26 are not operated in continuous operation, but pulsed, with pulse frequency and pulse duration to the respective geometry of the
Raums 12, das verwendete Gas und die verwendete Flüssigkeit abgestimmt werden.Room 12, the gas used and the liquid used to be matched.
Die Figuren 5 bis 8 zeigen eine mögliche Ausbildung eines akustischen Leistungswandlers, wie er für die akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 eingesetzt werden kann.Figures 5 to 8 show a possible embodiment of an acoustic power converter, as it can be used for the acoustic power converter 26, 28.
Ein scheibenförmiger Aktuator 60, der hier aus einem piezoelektrischen Material besteht, ist in einem Gehäuse 62 angeordnet, das vorzugsweise aus elektrisch nicht leitender Keramik oder Kunststoff hergestellt ist. Beide Stirnseiten 64 sind mit einer elektrisch leitenden Kontaktschicht, hier einer Silberschicht 66, beschichtet. Beide Stirnseiten 64 sind außerdem bis auf einen kreisförmigen Bereich nahe des Randes mit einer chemisch inerten Schutzschicht 68, insbesondere Gas, überzogen, die den gesamten Bereich des Aktuators 60 bedeckt, der in Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit kommt. Die elektrisch leitende Schicht 66 dient zur Kontaktierung und zur Anregung des piezoelektrischen Materials und ist auf bekannte Weise mit einem regelbaren Spannungserzeuger verbunden.A disk-shaped actuator 60, which consists here of a piezoelectric material, is arranged in a housing 62, which is preferably made of electrically non-conductive ceramic or plastic. Both end faces 64 are coated with an electrically conductive contact layer, here a silver layer 66. Both end faces 64 are also covered, except for a circular area near the edge, with a chemically inert protective layer 68, in particular gas, which covers the entire area of the actuator 60 which comes into contact with the liquid. The electrically conductive layer 66 is used for contacting and for exciting the piezoelectric material and is connected in a known manner with a controllable voltage generator.
Der Aktuator 60 ist so im Gehäuse 62 eingesetzt, daß der Übergang zwischen der Schutzschicht 68 und der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 66 durch elastische Dichtungen 70 abgedichtet ist.The actuator 60 is inserted in the housing 62 so that the junction between the protective layer 68 and the electrically conductive layer 66 is sealed by elastic seals 70.
Die Flüssigkeit kann in das Gehäuse 52 einströmen, so daß sie in direktemThe liquid can flow into the housing 52, so that they are in direct
Kontakt mit dem Aktuator 60 steht. Damit kann der akustische Leistungswandler die Schallwellen direkt in die Flüssigkeit einkoppeln.Contact with the actuator 60 stands. This allows the acoustic power converter to couple the sound waves directly into the liquid.
Zur Beladung der Flüssigkeit mit Gas wird das Kavitationselement 17 in so schnelle Rotation versetzt, daß es in der Flüssigkeit zur Kavitation kommt. Durch die Gaszuführeinrichtung wird Gas an die Oberfläche des Kavitationselements 17 geleitet. Aufgrund der Kavitationswirkung wird das eingeleitete Gas praktisch vollständig in die Flüssigkeit eingebracht. Die eingeleitete Gasmenge kann beispielsweise 285 g/h für Sauerstoff in Brunnenwasser mit einer Temperatur von 15CC betragen. Die mittlere Blasengröße ist hierbei noch relativ groß. Da der gesamte Raum von den Schallwellen der akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 erfüllt ist, werden die durch das Kavitationselement 17 erzeugten Blasen sofort durch die Schallenergie weiterbearbeitet und dabei zerkleinert, wobei eine mittlere Blasengröße im Nanometerbereich resultiert und ein großer Anteil von Blasen im Angströmbereich erzeugt wird. Dies führt dazu, daß ein großer Anteil des eingeleiteten Gases sozusagen molekular dispers in der Flüssigkeit gelöst wird. Daher verbleibt das gesamte eingebrachte Gas über einen relativ langen Zeitraum in der Flüssigkeit Durch diese sonochemische Behandlung wird ein höherer Anteil des Gases in der Flüssigkeit gelöst als durch herkömmliche Verfahren. Der erfindungsgemäße zweistufige Prozeß beruht auf dem Einbringen des Gases durch das Kavitationselement 17 und der daran anschließenden Behandlung der bereits in der Flüssigkeit vorhandenen Gasblasen durch von den akustischen Leistungswandlern 26, 28 abgegeben Schallwellen.To load the liquid with gas, the cavitation element 17 is set in such rapid rotation that cavitation takes place in the liquid. Gas is directed to the surface of the cavitation element 17 by the gas supply device. Due to the Kavitationswirkung the introduced gas is almost completely introduced into the liquid. The introduced gas quantity can For example, be 285 g / h for oxygen in well water at a temperature of 15 C C. The mean bubble size is still relatively large. Since the entire space is satisfied by the sound waves of the acoustic power converters 26, 28, the bubbles generated by the cavitation 17 are immediately further processed by the sound energy and thereby crushed, resulting in an average bubble size in the nanometer range and a large proportion of bubbles is generated in Angströmbereich , As a result, a large proportion of the introduced gas is dissolved, so to speak molecularly dispersed in the liquid. Therefore, all of the gas introduced remains in the liquid for a relatively long period of time. By this sonochemical treatment, a higher proportion of the gas is dissolved in the liquid than by conventional methods. The two-stage process according to the invention is based on the introduction of the gas through the cavitation element 17 and the subsequent treatment of the gas bubbles already present in the liquid by sound waves emitted by the acoustic power converters 26, 28.
Da das Verfahren im Durchflußprinzip abläuft, wäre es auch möglich, das Kavitationselement 17 und einen oder beide akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 in verschiedenen, nur durch Rohrleitungen miteinander verbundenen Kammern anzuordnen. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, daß die Entfernung so groß gewählt werden kann, daß zwischen dem Passieren des Kavitationselements 17 und des akustischen Leistungswandlers 26, 28 bis zu 10s vergehen können, in denen die Flüssigkeit von der einen Kammer in die andere Kammer strömt. Hierbei ist zu beachten, daß die Geometrie des Raumes 12 so gewählt wird, daß der gesamte Raum ständig von den Schallwellen der akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 beschallt wird. Es ist möglich, geeignete Reflektoren im Raum 12 anzuordnen.Since the method proceeds in the flow principle, it would also be possible to arrange the cavitation element 17 and one or both acoustic power converters 26, 28 in different, interconnected only by piping chambers. It has been found that the distance can be chosen so large that can pass between the passage of the Kavitationselements 17 and the acoustic power converter 26, 28 up to 10s, in which the liquid flows from one chamber into the other chamber. It should be noted that the geometry of the space 12 is chosen so that the entire room is constantly sonicated by the sound waves of the acoustic power converter 26, 28. It is possible to arrange suitable reflectors in the space 12.
Die Geometrie des Raums 12 und die Anordnung der akustischen Leistungswandler 26, 28 ist so gewählt, daß sich möglichst wenig stehende Wellen im Raum 12 ausbilden.The geometry of the space 12 and the arrangement of the acoustic power converters 26, 28 is selected so that as few standing waves form in the space 12.
Bei der gezeigten Anordnung kann der strömungsmäßig gesehen erste akustische Leistungswandler 26 auch zum Entgasen der Flüssigkeit eingesetzt werden, bevor diese erneut mit Gas beladen wird. Die einströmende Flüssigkeit wird direkt den Schallwellen des akustischen Leistungswandlers 26 ausgesetzt, was dazu führt, daß bereits in der Flüssigkeit gelöstes Gas aus der Flüssigkeit ausgetrieben wird. Dann erst gelangt die Flüssigkeit in den Bereich des Kavitationselements 17, wo sie erneut mit dem eigens zugeführten Gas beladen wird.In the arrangement shown, the fluidically first acoustic power converter 26 can also be used to degas the liquid before it is again charged with gas. The inflowing liquid is exposed directly to the sound waves of the acoustic power converter 26, which leads to the fact that already dissolved in the liquid gas is expelled from the liquid. Only then does the liquid reach the region of the cavitation element 17, where it is again charged with the specially supplied gas.
Wenn Abwasser aus Kläranlagen in Oberflächengewässer eingeleitet wird, ist es nach dem Stand der Technik ausreichend geklärt, es enthält aber dennoch eine Vielzahl an Nährstoffen, Bakterien und Keimen, die gesundheitsschädlich sind und das Baden in Flüssen und Seen zu einem Gesundheitsrisiko werden lassen. EU-Verordnungen schreiben deshalb selbst beim Einleiten ins Meer an Badestränden eine Keimreduzierung vor.When wastewater from sewage treatment plants is discharged into surface waters, it is sufficiently clarified in the state of the art, but it nevertheless contains a large number of nutrients, bacteria and germs which are harmful to health and make bathing in rivers and lakes a health risk. EU regulations therefore prescribe a reduction of bacteria even when discharging into the sea at bathing beaches.
Ein Anwendungszweck der Vorrichtung 10 und des damit betriebenen Verfahrens ist die Reinigung von Wasser, insbesondere von Abwasser. Die Vorrichtung 10 kann beispielsweise in Kläranlagen zur Behandlung des Abwassers eingesetzt werden.An application of the device 10 and the process operated therewith is the purification of water, in particular wastewater. The device 10 can be used for example in sewage treatment plants for the treatment of wastewater.
Bei dieser Anwendung ist das zugeführte Gas vorzugsweise ozonhaltig, wobei reiner Sauerstoff oder auch Luft als Ausgangsgas verwendet werden kann.In this application, the gas supplied is preferably ozone-containing, with pure oxygen or even air as starting gas can be used.
Zur Erzeugung des Ozons ist im Bereich der Gaszuführeinrichtung eine Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht vorgesehen. Diese kann durch eine UV-Lampe erfolgen, die beispielsweise im Bereich des Kanals 22 oder sogar der Hohlwelle 18 angeordnet ist. Statt der UV-Lampe kann auch eine Bestrahlung mit Röntgenstrahlen oder Gammastrahlen erfolgen. In jedem Fall hat die Zufuhr energiereicher Strahlung zur Folge, daß ein Teil des Sauerstoffs in Ozon umgewandelt wird. Da die Erzeugung des Ozons in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Austritt des Gases erfolgt, besteht nicht das Problem, daß das Ozon zwischen der Erzeugung und der Einleitung in die Flüssigkeit wieder zerfällt. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, das Ozon mit einem herkömmlichen Ozongenerator zu erzeugen und anschließend dem Abwasser zuzuführen.To generate the ozone, irradiation with UV light is provided in the region of the gas supply device. This can be done by a UV lamp, which is arranged for example in the region of the channel 22 or even the hollow shaft 18. Instead of the UV lamp can also be irradiated with X-rays or gamma rays. In either case, the supply of high energy radiation results in some of the oxygen being converted to ozone. Since the generation of the ozone is in the immediate vicinity of the exit of the gas, there is no problem that the ozone between the generation and the introduction into the liquid decomposes again. However, it is also possible to produce the ozone with a conventional ozone generator and then to feed the wastewater.
Das Gas kann in flüssiger Form, z.B. in Form von flüssigem Sauerstoff in das System eingespeist werden, wobei es bei Eintritt in den Kanal 22 vorzugsweise bereits gasförmig vorliegt.The gas may be in liquid form, e.g. in the form of liquid oxygen are fed into the system, wherein it is preferably present in gaseous form when entering the channel 22.
Das vorzugsweise molekular dispers in der Flüssigkeit gelöste Ozon, zusammen mit der Behandlung durch die Ultraschallwellen, führt zur sicheren Entkeimung der Flüssigkeit. Neben Bakterien werden auch Viren, Pilzsporen sowie Proteine, Toxine oder, besonders interessant, endokrine sicher Stoffe zerstört. Bei den Proteinen erfolgt die Zerstörung hauptsächlich auf bekanntem Weg durch eine Denaturierung, also eine Reaktion des Ozons mit bestimmten chemischen Gruppen des Proteinmoleküls.The preferably molecularly dispersed dissolved in the liquid ozone, together with the treatment by the ultrasonic waves, leads to the safe Sterilization of the liquid. In addition to bacteria, viruses, fungal spores and proteins, toxins or, particularly interesting, endocrine-safe substances are destroyed. In the case of the proteins, the destruction takes place mainly by known means by denaturation, ie a reaction of the ozone with certain chemical groups of the protein molecule.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bleibt das Gas länger in Lösung als bei herkömmlichen Verfahren, da eine sehr kleine Blasengröße erreicht wird. Blasen mit einem Durchmesser von einigen Angström oder wenigen Nanometern verhalten sich nicht mehr wie größere Gasblasen, die direkt zur Oberfläche aufsteigen, sondern verhalten sich teilweise sogar schwerer als Wasser und sinken zu Boden. Außerdem sind sie in der Flüssigkeit deutlich langlebiger als größere Gasblasen. Im Gegensatz zu den größeren Gasblasen ist bei denBy the method according to the invention, the gas remains in solution for longer than in conventional methods, since a very small bubble size is achieved. Bubbles with a diameter of a few angstroms or a few nanometers no longer behave like larger gas bubbles that rise directly to the surface, but behave sometimes even heavier than water and sink to the bottom. In addition, they are much more durable in the liquid than larger gas bubbles. Unlike the larger gas bubbles is in the
Blasen im Angström- bis Nanometerbereich der Innendruck in den Blasen etwaBubbles in Angstrom- to nanometer range, the internal pressure in the bubbles about
■ annähernd gleich dem Umgebungsdruck in der Flüssigkeit. Sie verbinden sich auch deutlich weniger untereinander zu größeren Blasen, so daß die Komponente an kleinsten Bläschen sehr lange in der Flüssigkeit enthalten bleibt. ■ approximately equal to the ambient pressure in the liquid. They also connect much less with each other to larger bubbles, so that the component remains at the smallest bubbles very long in the liquid.
Hierdurch bietet sich dem Ozon zum einen eine lange Zeit, in der es mit denThis provides the ozone on the one hand a long time, in which it with the
Stoffen im Wasser reagieren kann, und zum anderen entsteht auch eine großeSubstances in the water can react, and on the other hand also creates a large
Reaktionsoberfläche durch die feine Verteilung der Gasblasen in der Flüssigkeit. Diese Faktoren tragen zur deutlich verbesserten Wirksamkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gegenüber bekannten Verfahren bei.Reaction surface due to the fine distribution of gas bubbles in the liquid. These factors contribute to the significantly improved efficacy of the method according to the invention over known methods.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren läßt sich eine Dispersion mit kleinsten Bläschen im Angström- bis Nanometerbereich erzeugen, wobei auch die chemische Lösung des Gases in der Flüssigkeit deutlich erhöht wird. With the method according to the invention, a dispersion with the smallest bubbles in Angstrom- to nanometer range can be generated, whereby the chemical solution of the gas in the liquid is significantly increased.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Flüssigkeit, mit den folgenden Schritten:A method of treating a liquid, comprising the steps of:
- Einleiten der zu behandelnden Flüssigkeit in einen Raum (12),Introducing the liquid to be treated into a room (12),
- Einwirken eines mechanischen Kavitationselements (17) auf die Flüssigkeit unter Zuführen von Gas in den Bereich der Oberfläche des Kavitationselements- Acting of a mechanical Kavitationselements (17) on the liquid while supplying gas in the region of the surface of the Kavitationselements
(17) und Einbringen des Gases in die Flüssigkeit durch Bewegen des Kavitationselements (17), und(17) and introducing the gas into the liquid by moving the Kavitationselements (17), and
- Einleiten von Schallwellen unmittelbar in die Flüssigkeit durch wenigstens einen akustischen Leistungswandler (26, 28).- Introducing sound waves directly into the liquid through at least one acoustic power converter (26, 28).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Einleiten der Flüssigkeit der Raum (12) vollständig mit Flüssigkeit gefüllt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when introducing the liquid, the space (12) is completely filled with liquid.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der akustische Leistungswandler (26, 28) ein piezoelektrisches Element ist.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acoustic power converter (26, 28) is a piezoelectric element.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der akustische Leistungswandler (26, 28) Schallwellen unterschiedlicher Frequenzen abgibt.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acoustic power converter (26, 28) emits sound waves of different frequencies.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Frequenz der Schallwellen zwischen 400 und 1500 kHz liegt.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frequency of the sound waves is between 400 and 1500 kHz.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Frequenz der Schallwellen zwischen 600 und 1200 kHz liegt.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the frequency of the sound waves is between 600 and 1200 kHz.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der akustische Leistungswandler (26, 28) gepulst betrieben wird.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acoustic power converter (26, 28) is operated pulsed.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mechanische Kavitationselement (17) rotiert.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical Kavitationselement (17) rotates.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mechanische Kavitationselement (17) scheibenförmig ausgebildet ist. 9. The method according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the mechanical Kavitationselement (17) is disc-shaped.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zuführen von Gas im Bereich der höchsten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit an der Oberfläche des Kavitationselements (17) erfolgt.10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply of gas takes place in the region of the highest flow velocity at the surface of the Kavitationselements (17).
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flüssigkeit durch den Raum (12) hindurchströmt.11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid flows through the space (12).
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kavitationselement (17) stromaufwärts des akustischen Leistungswandlers (28) angeordnet ist.12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Kavitationselement (17) upstream of the acoustic power converter (28) is arranged.
13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flüssigkeit vor der Behandlung mit dem Kavitationselement (17) und den Schallwellen entgast wird.13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid is degassed before treatment with the Kavitationselement (17) and the sound waves.
14. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein akustischer Leistungswandler (26) stromaufwärts des Kavitationselements (17) angeordnet ist.14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one acoustic power converter (26) upstream of the Kavitationselements (17) is arranged.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Flüssigkeit der zeitliche Abstand zwischen dem Passieren des Kavitationselements (17) und dem Passieren des akustischen Leistungswandlers (28) maximal 10s beträgt.15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that for the liquid, the time interval between the passage of the Kavitationselements (17) and the passage of the acoustic power converter (28) is a maximum of 10s.
16. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas in flüssiger Form in das System eingespeist wird.16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas is fed in liquid form into the system.
17. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Behandlung von Wasser, insbesondere Trink- oder Abwasser eingesetzt wird.17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used for the treatment of water, in particular drinking or wastewater.
18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas wenigstens ein Gas mit oxidativen Eigenschaften, insbesondere Ozon, enthält.18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the gas contains at least one gas with oxidative properties, in particular ozone.
19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas vor der Zuführung mit UV-Licht behandelt wird.19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the gas is treated before being supplied with UV light.
20. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Entkeimen der Flüssigkeit oder zum Zerstören von Bakterien, Viren, Proteinen, Pilzsporen, Toxinen oder endokrinen Stoffen eingesetzt wird.20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it for sterilizing the liquid or destroying Bacteria, viruses, proteins, fungal spores, toxins or endocrine disruptors.
21. Vorrichtung, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem Raum (12), einem im Raum (12) angeordneten mechanischen Kavitationselement (17), einer Gaszuführeinrichtung, deren Auslaß in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Oberfläche des Kavitationselements (17) mündet und einem im Raum (12) angeordneten akustischen Leistungswandler (26, 28), der so angeordnet ist, daß er Schallwellen direkt in den Raum (12) abstrahlt.21. Device, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, having a space (12), a space (12) arranged in the mechanical cavitation element (17), a gas supply, the outlet in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the Kavitationselements (17) opens and an in space (12) arranged acoustic power converter (26, 28) which is arranged so that it emits sound waves directly into the space (12).
22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Raum (12) im Bereich des Kavitationselements (17) einen nicht rotationssymmetrischen Querschnitt hat. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the space (12) in the region of the Kavitationselements (17) has a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section.
EP07857148A 2006-12-28 2007-12-28 Method and device for treating a liquid Active EP2125174B1 (en)

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PL07857148T PL2125174T3 (en) 2006-12-28 2007-12-28 Method and device for treating a liquid
SI200730576T SI2125174T1 (en) 2006-12-28 2007-12-28 Method and device for treating a liquid

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DE102006061906 2006-12-28
DE102007013533A DE102007013533A1 (en) 2006-12-28 2007-03-21 Method and apparatus for dissolving gases in liquids comprises sonochemical dispersion of oxygen or ozone in liquid to kill, bacteria and viruses by targeted oxidation
PCT/EP2007/011456 WO2008080618A1 (en) 2006-12-28 2007-12-28 Method and device for treating a liquid

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PL2125174T3 (en) 2011-06-30
DE502007006399D1 (en) 2011-03-10
ATE496685T1 (en) 2011-02-15
BRPI0720632A2 (en) 2014-03-25
DE102007013533A1 (en) 2008-07-03
US8329043B2 (en) 2012-12-11
DK2125174T3 (en) 2011-05-16
CN101626822A (en) 2010-01-13
CA2673656A1 (en) 2008-07-10
ZA200904778B (en) 2010-04-28
EP2125174B1 (en) 2011-01-26
PT2125174E (en) 2011-05-02
CN101626822B (en) 2013-01-16
TN2009000264A1 (en) 2010-10-18
CA2673656C (en) 2016-03-01
KR20090106403A (en) 2009-10-08
AU2007341626B2 (en) 2012-01-19
KR101430725B1 (en) 2014-08-14
US20100314331A1 (en) 2010-12-16
MA31101B1 (en) 2010-01-04
WO2008080618A1 (en) 2008-07-10
JP5219096B2 (en) 2013-06-26
JP2010514552A (en) 2010-05-06
SI2125174T1 (en) 2011-06-30
AU2007341626A1 (en) 2008-07-10
IL199499A (en) 2013-01-31
MX2009006925A (en) 2009-10-12

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