Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10311—Intumescent layers for fire protection
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
  • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
  • B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
  • E06B3/58—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like
  • E06B3/62—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like of rubber-like elastic cleats
  • E06B3/6202—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like of rubber-like elastic cleats positioned between adjoining panes without separate glazing bar
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
  • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
  • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
  • E06B3/58—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like
  • E06B3/62—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like of rubber-like elastic cleats
  • E06B2003/6217—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like of rubber-like elastic cleats with specific fixing means
  • E06B2003/6223—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like of rubber-like elastic cleats with specific fixing means with protruding parts anchored in grooves
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
  • E06B3/6621—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together with special provisions for fitting in window frames or to adjacent units; Separate edge protecting strips

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fire-resistant glazing, comprising at least two fire-resistant glass panes adjacent to one another with their edges with the inclusion of a narrow sealing joint, said glass panes each comprising at least three glass panes and at least two interlayers which intumesce in the event of fire, wherein a plurality of sealing elements are disposed in the sealing joint, said sealing elements comprising a sealing strip which is disposed in the interior of the sealing joint and which intumesces in the event of fire.
• Fire-resistant glazings comprising fire-resistant glass panes and fire-resistant frames are used for the fire-resistant, transparent closure of openings in walls, doors or the like.
• Fire-resistant glazings must be designed in such a way that they can withstand the effect of a fire for a predetermined period, e.g. 30, 60 or 90 minutes. In particular, they must not permit any penetration of flames and must, possibly as an additional requirement, also close off a room reliably against smoke. In certain applications, moreover, they must offer good insulation against heat and limit the radiant heat from the seat of a fire.
• Requirement criteria on fire- resistant closures, in particular fire-resistant glasses are regulated for example in European standards EN 357, 1363, 1364-1, 1634-1, 13501-2.
• Fire-resistant glass panes of a standard type comprise alternately glass panes and interlayers which intumesce in the event of fire. Moreover, they can - depending on the requirement - comprise plastic interlayers of materials such as PVB or EVA to increase the safety or be designed as insulating glass elements with a gas-filled space between the panes in order to increase the thermal insulation.
• the fire-resistant interlayers disposed between adjacent glass panes typically comprise waterglass, in particular based on sodium silicate or potassium silicate, also water and further additives, such as for example gelling agents.
• interlayers which intumesce in the event of fire are usually transparent, so that they are well suited for use in transparent glazings.
• the water-containing interlayer intumesces thereby forming a solidifying silicate foam, which reduces considerably the thermal conduction and radiation through the glazing.
• the foaming and the evaporation of the water bound in the interlayer also gives rise to a temporary cooling of the fire-resistant glazing. As a result, the fracture or softening of the glass panes and particularly of the glass panes of the fire-resistant glass pane facing away from the fire is delayed.
• Fire-resistant glass panes are usually installed in frames designed for fire-resistant purposes, such as steel frames for example, said frames enclosing the glass panes on all sides at their edges.
• Such frames which are often very solidly constructed, reduce free vision through the glazings. It is however often desirable, especially in the interior area of buildings, to interrupt glass areas as little as possible by opaque, voluminous frame elements.
• DE 91 06 478 Ul discloses a fire-resistant glazing with the aforementioned basic structure, wherein the sealing joint is filled at least partially with a sealing material.
• the sealing material may particularly comprise a silicone.
• strip-shaped (hollow) sections of steel, aluminium or wood which extend into the edge regions of the fire-resistant glass panes abutting on one another.
• the arrangement of sealing strips which intumesce in the event of fire in the sealing joint is supposed to be avoided. Instead, it is assumed that, in the event of fire, material of the interlayers of the fire- resistant glass panes emerges into the sealing joint and seals the latter against the passage of fire and smoke.
• the drawback here is that the sealing of the sealing joint only takes place during the fire and that it is not therefore possible to expect, with sufficient certainty, that the sealing joint will be sealed over its whole length in good time and reliably. There is also the risk of the sections, which are fixed solely to a pane surface, becoming prematurely detached from the fire-resistant glass panes and thus freeing the sealing joint prematurely.
• EP 0 498 021 Bl of the same applicant goes a step further and requires that the two sections covering the sealing joint are connected to one another solely via the fire-resistant glass panes, so that heat bridges in the region of the sealing joint are avoided.
• this publication completely dispenses with the arrangement of sealants, such as sealing strips of a material which intumesces in the event of fire, in the sealing joint. The risk of the sealing joint closing too late and/or not completely in the event of fire is thus further increased.
• DE 43 12 467 Al teaches a fire-resistant glazing with the known basic structure, wherein the sealing joint is sealed solely with a filling compound of a non-inflammable or self- extinguishing material.
• a filling compound of a non-inflammable or self- extinguishing material.
• DE 43 12 467 Al moreover, teaches the use of fire-resistant panes with at least one particularly thick glass pane.
• EP 1 194 673 Bl discloses a fire-resistant glazing according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the known fire-resistant glazing completely dispenses with frame elements covering the edge regions of the adjacent fire-resistant glass panes and the sealing joint.
• the further sealing elements disposed solely inside the sealing joint can comprise a plastic material - in particular a silicone material - or a preformed strip profile.
• the fire-resistant interlayers of the fire-resistant glass panes of the known fire-resistant glazing are recessed in the edge region, and a sealant, e.g. based on polysulphide, is disposed in the grooves thus formed, said sealant being intended to provide for the ageing resistance of the fire-resistant glass panes.
• a sealant e.g. based on polysulphide
• the drawback with the known fire- resistant glazing is again the visibility of the sealing joint and the pane edge regions, but especially of the interlayers subsequently laboriously removed in the edge region and of the polysulphide sealant filled into the grooves of the interlayers, as well as the risk of the adjacent fire-resistant glass panes gaping apart in the event of fire.
• the problem underlying the invention is to improve the known fire-resistant glazings.
• the sealing joint and the adjacent edge regions of the fire-resistant glass panes should be able to be designed optically attractive.
• the visibility of divergences in the planarity of adjacent fire-resistant glass panes should be reduced.
• the sealing joint In the event of fire, the sealing joint should remain closed as fully and as long as possible against the passage of smoke and flames.
• a sealing arrangement remaining tight reliably and for a long time in the event of fire is to be proposed for fire-resistant glass panes provided with edge protection strips or the behaviour of the glazing in the event of fire and its ageing resistance is to be improved by the provision of edge protection strips.
• the sealing elements disposed in the region of the sealing joint comprise cover profiles made of an elastically deformable material, which comprise a head flange covering both the sealing joint and an edge region of both fire- resistant glass panes adjacent to the sealing joint, and which comprise a plug-in foot extending into the sealing joint between the fire-resistant glass panes.
• the head flange of the cover profile has in particular a width which is such that it covers at least about 5 mm wide edge regions of the two fire-resistant glass panes adjacent to the sealing joint.
• the width of the head flange is limited upwards particularly by the fact that within the scope of the invention it is aimed at impairing vision through the fire-resistant glazing as little as possible, for which reason the width of the head flange is kept as small as is technically feasible.
• an edge covering of the fire-resistant glass panes adjacent to the sealing joint of at most about 10 - 15 mm is as a rule sufficient.
• a particularly good ageing resistance of the fire-resistant glazing, a simple application of the cover profile and an improved fixing and adhesion of the cover profile to the fire-resistant glass panes are achieved if the head flange is provided with an adhesive layer at least in some areas at its reverse side facing the fire-resistant glass panes.
• the cover profile can be fixed particularly effectively in the sealing joint if its plug-in foot is provided with anchoring means for the mechanical fixing of the cover profile in the sealing joint.
• the anchoring means can for example comprise barbs or catch noses or - if a sealing compound is provided in the sealing joint - penetration holes for the sealing compound.
• the length (at right angles to the head flange and to the plane of the pane) of the plug-in foot is preferably dimensioned such that - after its insertion into the sealing joint - it abuts on the sealing strip which intumesces in the event of fire. Its thickness (parallel to the plane of the pane and at right angles to the longitudinal extension of the cover profile and the sealing joint) is preferably dimensioned such that, after being pushed into the sealing joint, it contacts the edges of the two adjacent fire-resistant glass panes with elastic pretension.
• the sealing strip which intumesces in the event of fire is usually arranged essentially centrally inside the sealing joint. It has proved to be favourable if the sealing strip has a width of about 5 - 15 mm. ,,Width" denotes here the dimension of the sealing strip at right angles to the plane of the fire-resistant glass panes. It goes without saying that the width of the sealing strip should in any case be designed significantly smaller than the thickness of the fire-resistant glass panes, such that a portion of the sealing joint which is sufficiently deep for the plugging-in and anchoring of the plug-in foot of the cover profile remains available on both sides of the sealing strip.
• a particularly high degree of tightness of the sealing joint against the passage of smoke, flames and hot gases already at the outbreak of a fire can be achieved if the thickness of the sealing strip which intumesces in the event of fire is dimensioned such that it contacts the edges of both fire-resistant glass panes after their installation, so that the sealing joint is already closed by the sealing strip. It may be tolerable here if small gaps between sealing strips and glass edges remain in some areas, e.g., on account of installation tolerances, as long as the predominant part of the sealing joint is at any rate completely closed by the sealing strip.
• a typical sealing joint width is about 2 - 5 mm for the fire-resistant glazings according to the invention, so that sealing strips with a total thickness of about 2 - 5 mm are accordingly suitable for closing the sealing joint.
• sealing strip instead of a single sealing strip, two or possibly more layers of sealing strips, which are united to form the sealing strip according to the invention at the latest during assembly of the fire-resistant glazing. This can take place, for example, by fixing, before the assembly of the glazing, sealing strips on each of the two opposing edges of the adjacent fire-resistant glass panes, the two sealing strips coming into contact after the assembly and forming a common sealing strip extending between the two glass edges.
• the sealing strips which intumesce in the event of fire can be made from a material that sticks adhesively to the pane edges. They may however also be provided at least in some areas with a separate adhesive, if the material of the sealing strip itself is not sufficiently adhesive.
• the sealing strips preferably comprise a prefabricated strip-shaped profile, but they can also be extruded directly onto the pane edges.
• cover profile Various elastically deformable materials can in principle be used for the cover profile. Surprisingly, it has been shown that it is sufficient if the cover profile is made from a normally inflammable material, although it is not a drawback to use a hardly inflammable or even a non-combustible material for the cover profile (according to DIN 4102).
• the cover profile is preferably made from a - normally or hardly inflammable - silicone material, it may alternatively comprise EPDM, rubber or similar elastically deformable materials.
• the hardness of the material should be suitably adjusted, so that the cover profile can easily be handled and does not deform too easily or with too much difficulty and can be fitted into the sealing joint.
• a cover profile material with a Shore A hardness of about 60 - 70 has been tried and tested in practice.
• sealing elements comprise, in addition to the sealing strip which intumesces in the event of fire and the cover profile, sealing compounds injected into the sealing joint on both sides of the sealing strip, said sealing compounds preferably comprising a silicone material (silicone adhesive).
• the main functions of said sealing compounds are an additional sealing of the sealing joint and an additional adhesive fixing of the cover profile in the sealing joint, namely to the sealing strip which intumesces in the event of fire and to the edges of the fire-resistant glass panes or to their edge protection strips.
• the sealing compounds should also be at least normally inflammable, preferably hardly inflammable or even non-combustible (DIN 4102). They are not normally made from a material that intumesces in the event of fire.
• the volume of the sealing compounds is proportioned such that - in the production of the fire-resistant glazing - said sealing compounds, together with the plug-in foot and the sealing strip which intumesces in the event of fire, at most fill the sealing joint, and is preferably proportioned slightly smaller.
• the three sealing elements - sealing strip, sealing compound and cover profile - are preferably dimensioned, disposed and configured such that - after hardening of the sealing compounds - they exhibit overall an uninterrupted, continuous H-shaped cross-section.
• the head flanges of the cover profiles are in this case connected adhesively by means of their plug-in feet and the sealing compounds to the sealing strips, so that said H-cross-section is formed.
• Such an in- situ- formed H-section has considerable handling advantages over prefabricated H-shaped profiles known from the prior art.
• a particularly rigid and, in the event of fire, dimensionally stable fire-resistant glazing can be made available by the fact that the fire-resistant glass panes comprise at least one glass pane with a thickness of at least about 4 mm, preferably at least about 6 mm, more preferably at least about 8 mm, this thick glass pane being provided to the best advantage as the middle pane.
• the two outer glass panes of a fire-resistant glass pane each to have a thickness of at least about 4 mm.
• a fire-resistant glazing which not only meets the requirements of fire-resistance class EI 30 with a good safety margin, but is also stable against mechanical attack, in particular pendulum impact tests with an initial height of 900 mm according to EN 12600, and which does not have an excessively large thickness, can be made available by the fact that the fire- resistant glass panes comprise at least five glass panes, the central glass pane having a thickness of at least 8 mm and the remaining glass panes a thickness of at most 4 mm.
• provision can be made for this purpose to provide as one element of the fire-resistant glass pane at least one laminated safety glass component with at least one interlayer made from a material such as PVB or EVA.
• Such laminated safety glass component may replace a monolithic glass pane, particularly said central glass pane, to impart increased safety properties to the glazing.
• the inventive arrangement of sealing elements is particularly well suited, but not exclusively so, for fire-resistant glass panes whose edges are provided with an edge protection strip.
• an edge protection strip may be used for one or more of the following purposes:
• the thin aluminium foil may be protected to the exterior against mechanical influences by a further thin layer (film), e.g. based on polyester or other polymers such as polyurethane.
• film e.g. based on polyester or other polymers such as polyurethane.
• Other edge protection strips manage without a metallic layer. Edge protection strips can be prefabricated and applied onto the pane edge, but they can also be produced directly on the pane edge, e.g. by deposition and subsequent hardening of a sealing, diffusion-inhibiting material.
• edge protection strips are disclosed, e.g., in WO 2005-070666 Al and WO 2006-133896 Al, without the invention being restricted to the materials disclosed therein.
• the thickness of edge protection strips is suitably kept as small as possible, typically lying in the sub millimetre range (about 50 - 500 ⁇ m).
• edge protection strip extends around the edges of the outermost glass panes and somewhat onto the surfaces of these glass panes.
• the head flange of the cover profile plugged into the sealing joint is designed with such a width that it completely covers the edge protection strips. If the reverse side of the head flange is provided with an adhesive layer and the edge protection strip extends onto the surfaces of the outer glass panes, the head flange should have a width which is such that at least a part of its adhesive layer comes into contact with the surface of the outer glass panes without the edge protection strip lying in between, in order to achieve the best possible adhesive connection of the cover profile to the glass surface and thus a closure of the sealing joint to the exterior and a complete covering of the edge protection strip.
• Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through a fire-resistant glazing according to the invention, as indicated in figure 1, in the region of the sealing joint between two adjacent fire-resistant glass panes, immediately before inserting the cover profiles into the sealing joint;
• FIG. 3 shows a cross-section analogous to figure 2 through a further embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 1 - 3 are of a schematic nature and are not to scale.
• Figure 1 shows an exemplary fire-resistant glazing which comprises four fire-resistant glass panes 1 disposed adjacent to one another, the vertical dimensions (height) whereof are much greater than their horizontal dimensions (width).
• Fire-resistant glass panes 1 are enclosed and held at their upper and lower edges by an external frame 2 suitable for fire-resistant purposes and of standard construction, which does not need to be dealt with further here.
• An external frame 2 is also provided along the vertical outer edges of the two outermost fire-resistant glass panes 1.
• the four fire-resistant glass panes 1 are adjacent to one another with the inclusion of three narrow vertical sealing joints, without a bearing structure in the manner of external frame 2 being provided there. Details of exemplary sealing arrangements according to the invention in the region of the sealing joints are shown in figures 2 and 3 through a cross-section indicated in figure 1 , identical reference numbers being used for identical elements.
• Fire-resistant glass panes 1 each comprise a plurality of glass panes 3 (five glass panes 3 in figure 2 and three glass panes 3 in figure 3) as well as a plurality of interlayers 4 (four interlayers 4 in figure 2 and two interlayers 4 in figure 3) which intumesce in the event of fire.
• laminated safety glass components not represented in the figures can be provided, e.g., with interlayers of PVB or EVA, particularly in order to achieve adequate safety against accident in accordance with the applicable safety standards.
• Fire-resistant glass panes 1 can also be designed as insulating-glass units with a gas-filled space between the panes.
• the thickness of glass panes 3 typically amounts to about 1.5 - 10 mm, without the invention being restricted thereto.
• Interlayers 4 which intumesce in the event of fire typically comprise a water-containing alkali silicate with a weight ratio of SiO 2 to Na 2 O of 2.7 - 3.5, preferably about 3.3. They preferably have a glycerol content of 5 - 15 wt.%, preferably 8 - 14 wt.%. Their core moisture (water content in wt.%) may be less than 28 %, preferably around 25 %.
• Other interlayers 4 which intumesce in the event of fire and which are suitable within the scope of the invention may have other, in particular higher water contents, comprise other alkali silicates, in particular potassium or lithium silicates, exhibit other ratios of SiO 2 to alkali silicate or contain further or other additives.
• Fire-resistant glass panes 1 and their production are explained and specified in a large number of publications, whereof mention should be made, in addition to the documents cited in the introduction of the description and merely by way of example, of DE 19 00 054 Al, WO2004-014813 A2, EP 1 322 465 Bl, EP 1 274 569 Bl, EP 1 206 349 Bl, EP 1 044 801 A2, DE 32 14 852 Al, DE 32 31 975 C2, WO 2006-114421 Al, WO 2006-092426 Al, WO 2005-115746 Al.
• use is made for example of a prefabricated edge protection strip used for many years by the applicant, having the structure adhesive layer / aluminium foil / adhesive layer / polyester top layer with a total thickness of about 260 ⁇ m, whilst for the edge protection strips of figure 3, consideration is given for example to an in-situ hardened material according to WO 2006-133896 Al.
• the invention is however not restricted to specific edge protection strips 5, as long as the latter perform one or more of their aforementioned functions.
• Two adjacent fire-resistant glass panes 1 are each disposed flush and with an edge spacing in the range of several millimetres with the inclusion of a narrow sealing joint.
• a sealing strip 10 made from a material which intumesces in the event of fire.
• Such sealing strips 10 are known to the expert in fire-resistant glazings or other fire-resistant constructions.
• Such sealing strips are obtainable in the trade, for example under the trade- names Kerafix Flexpan or Kerafix Blahpapier (intumescent paper).
• Sealing strip 10 has a width (at right angles to the plane of the pane) which is significantly smaller than the thickness of fire-resistant glass panes 1.
• sealing strip 10 is typically around 5 - 15 mm, in particular around 6 mm.
• the total thickness of sealing strip 10, either single- layered or multi- layered, corresponds, in the case represented, to the edge spacing of fire-resistant glass panes 1 , so that sealing strip 10 essentially completely closes the sealing joint.
• sealing compound 11 comprises a sealant, preferably made from a silicone material hardening in the air, which at all events during the application sticks adhesively to glass panes 3 and sealing strip 10.
• sealant preferably made from a silicone material hardening in the air, which at all events during the application sticks adhesively to glass panes 3 and sealing strip 10.
• Those at least normally inflammable sealants and in particular normally inflammable or hardly inflammable silicone sealants, which are commonly used for glazing purposes, are in principle suitable for sealing compound 11. It is not absolutely essential, but quite possible, to use hardly inflammable or fire-retarding special materials for sealing compound 11.
• the volume of sealing compound 11 introduced into the sealing joint is proportioned such that sufficient space still remains to allow cover profile 20 described below to be plugged into the sealing joint, without sealing compound 11 being pushed out of the sealing joint under normal circumstances, which would lead to contamination of the pane surfaces.
• cover profile 20 is plugged into the sealing joint on both sides of fire-resistant glass panes 1.
• Cover profile 20 is designed roughly T-shaped in cross-section. It comprises a head flange 21 covering the sealing joint and adjacent edge regions of fire-resistant glass panes 1 as well as a plug-in foot 22 which can be plugged into the sealing joint.
• Figure 2 shows the state immediately before cover profile 20 is pushed into the sealing joint, whilst figure 3 shows a cover profile 20 already fixed in the sealing joint.
• Head flange 21 of cover profile 20 preferably has a flat arch-shape before the installation (see figure 2), which can become flattened when cover profile 20 is pushed into the sealing joint (see figure 3). Its width is dimensioned such that, as in the case of figure 2, it completely overlaps the ends of edge protection strips 5 and in addition an edge region of the outer glass surfaces adjacent thereto.
• the reverse side of head flange 21 facing the glass panes is preferably provided in some areas, as shown in figure 2, with an adhesive layer 24.
• the length of plug-in foot 22 is preferably dimensioned such that it extends up to sealing strip 10 after cover profile 20 has been pushed into the sealing joint, but it can also be designed smaller, the length however having to be large enough to bring about a sufficiently reliable fixing of cover profile 20 in the sealing joint. It should preferably (as in figures 2 and 3) at least be of a size such that the end of plug-in foot 22, when it is pushed into the sealing joint, at least reaches the plane of outermost interlayers 4 of adjacent fire-resistant glass panes 1, such that in the event of fire a clamping of plug-in foot 22 by means of the intumescing material of interlayers 4 concerned and thus an additional fixing of cover profile 20 in the sealing joint takes place.
• Plug-in foot 22 is preferably provided with anchoring means 23, for example with barbs resting on the edges of fire-resistant glass panes 1 (figure 2), or in the form of elastically deformable retaining lugs or penetration openings for sealing compound 11 in plug-in foot 22 (not represented), with which cover profile 20 can be secured in the sealing joint against unintentional pulling out or falling out.
• anchoring means 23 for example with barbs resting on the edges of fire-resistant glass panes 1 (figure 2), or in the form of elastically deformable retaining lugs or penetration openings for sealing compound 11 in plug-in foot 22 (not represented), with which cover profile 20 can be secured in the sealing joint against unintentional pulling out or falling out.
• plug-in foot 22 is preferably pressed into sealing compound 11, so that sealing compound 11 flows around anchoring means 23 and thus (after hardening of sealing compound 11) provides for an additional anchoring of cover profile 20 in the sealing joint by positive locking and/or adhesion.
• elastically deformable anchoring means 23 may possibly be dispensed with and it may be sufficient to dimension the thickness of the elastically deformable plug-in foot 22 formed essentially rectangular in cross-section such that the latter has a small oversize and, when pressed into the sealing joint, is held by the clamping force of the edges of fire-resistant glass panes 1, as is shown schematically in figure 3.
• cover profile 20 in the sealing joint it lies within the scope of the invention, if need be, to dispense with the introduction of a sealing compound 11 into the sealing joint, if a sufficiently secure anchoring of cover profile 20 in the sealing joint can be achieved in another way, for example by means of a mechanical anchoring or by means of an adhesive joint with the aid of an adhesive applied on the glass side or profile side, and sealing strip 10 together with cover profile 20 closes the sealing joint sufficiently well and with long-time resistance.
• Cover profile 20 can be made from various elastically deformable materials, which should however be at least normally inflammable and preferably hardly inflammable (DIN 4102). Cover profiles 20 made of a silicone material with a Shore A hardness of about 60 - 70 have been tried and tested successfully in practice. Cover profile 20 can, depending on the requirement, be coloured and thus contribute to the aesthetic design of the fire-resistant glazing. Head flange 21, moreover, can be coated on its upper side facing away from fire- resistant glass panes 1, for example with a coloured lacquer or with a dirt-repelling coating.
• the fire-resistant glazing according to the invention is available in a durable fashion for fire- resistant purposes.
• the desired fire-resistance capacity e.g. fire-resistance classes EI 30 or EI 60 of the relevant European standards, can be adjusted by suitable design of fire-resistant glass panes 1 and external frame 2.
• the sealing arrangement comprising adhesively connected cover profiles 20, sealing compounds 11 and sealing strip 10, has in cross-section essentially a mechanically stabilising H-shape with a cross web passing through the sealing joint and with external webs covering the edge regions of fire-resistant glass panes 1.
• the fire-resistant glazing according to the invention behaves roughly as follows:
• fire-resistant interlayers 4 successively intumesce from the fire side to the side facing away from the fire and thus form insulation layers which insulate against thermal conduction and radiation, said insulation layers shielding from the fire glass panes 3 and interlayers 4 facing away from the fire and temporarily cooling the latter by the evaporation of water bound in respective interlayers 4.
• Glass panes 3 fracture or soften or melt after a certain time, but at this time interlayers 4 have then already solidified with sufficient stability to take over the load-bearing function of glass panes 3.
• Foaming interlayers 4 not only lead to an increase in the thickness of fire-resistant glass panes 1, but they also swell into the sealing joints, until any remaining or newly arising gaps in the sealing joints are filled. Furthermore, sealing strip 10 located from the outset in the sealing joint intumesces after the fire has broken out and spreads in the sealing joint. A silicate structure is formed in the sealing joint from the foam both of sealing strip 10 and of the material of interlayers 4 emerging into the sealing joint, so that adjacent fire-resistant glass panes 1 are overall mechanically linked to each other and stabilised against one another by the foamed material.
• edge protection strip 5 the foamed material of interlayers 4 remains at least for a certain time enclosed by edge protection strips 5.
• Edge protection strips 5 are however deformed in the direction of the edge of an adjacent fire-resistant glass pane 1, until edge protection strips 5 originally spaced apart from one another come into contact. In the presence of fire protection strips 5, therefore, there also arises after a certain time a mechanical connection of fire-resistant glass panes 1 originally adjacent to one another with the inclusion of a sealing joint and a stabilisation and closure of the fire-resistant glazing in the region of the sealing joint.
• cover profile 20 facing away from the fire which is protected and fixed by foamed sealing strip 10 and the material of interlayers 4 and which only softens much later than fire-side cover profile 20, but neither melts nor becomes scorched with a sealing joint that is still closed.
• fire-resistant glass panes with a height of 3 m and a width of 70 cm to 1.30 m were assembled to form a fire-resistant glazing with a total width of about 4 m.
• the outer edges of the fire-resistant glass panes were additionally installed in a fire-resistant external frame of standard construction. Sealing joints with a width of, in each case, about 5 mm remained between the three vertical edges of adjacent fire-resistant glass panes.
• the fire-resistant glass panes each had the following structure:
• G denotes a standard float glass pane of the soda-lime-silicate glass type and "WG” a fire- resistant interlayer on a waterglass base (sodium silicate waterglass, molar ratio SiO 2 ZNa 2 O about 3.3, water content about 25 wt.%, glycerol content about 10 wt.%), whilst the numerical data give the thicknesses of the respective layers in mm.
• the total thickness of the fire-resistant glass panes amounted to about 27 mm.
• the edges of the fire-resistant glass panes were provided around the periphery with an edge protection strip comprising an aluminium foil, which extended up to about 5 mm onto the surfaces of the outer glass panes.
• the fire-resistant glass panes were designed such that they withstood a pendulum impact test from a height of 900 mm in accordance with EN 12600.
• a sealing compound of an acetate cross-linking glass-construction silicone hardening in the air was applied bead-like onto the exposed surfaces of the sealing strips by means of a spraying cartridge (see figure 2).
• cover profiles with a cross-section according to figure 2 were pushed on both sides into the sealing joints, so that the plug-in feet of the cover profiles touched the sealing strips.
• the cover profiles were made of a silicone material with a Shore A hardness of about 60.
• the reverse side of the head flange of the cover profiles was pre-treated in some areas with a primer, so that a double-sided adhesive tape on an acrylate base could be fixed thereto adhesively.
• the cover profiles were connected to the fire-resistant glass panes and fixed in the sealing joint in a multiple fashion
• the fire-resistant glazing thus prepared was fire-tested according to EN 1363 and 1364. After 30 minutes, some of the glass panes were fractured, but the fire-resistant glass panes overall still performed their function as a room closure, and the temperature increase on the side facing away from the fire did not exceed 140 0 C on average. All the sealing joints were still closed by the foamed material of the sealing strips, the squeezed-out material of the interlayers, the material of the edge protection strips and/or the cover profiles facing away from the fire, so that the requirements on an EI 30 glazing were met. The surface temperature of the cover profiles did not exceed 130 0 C at any point after 30 minutes.

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• 2007
  • 2007-01-15 DE DE200710002867 patent/DE102007002867B8/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-01-14 WO PCT/EP2008/050338 patent/WO2008087112A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-01-14 EP EP08707885A patent/EP2122099A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-01-14 RU RU2009131025/12A patent/RU2463429C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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