EP2117777B1 - Device and method for the surface peening of a component of a gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for surface-peening, especially for the ultrasound shot-peening of a component of a gas turbine, having at least one vibration means that comprises a surface that propels the peening material, and having a holding means with which a surface area of the component and the surface of the vibration means can be arranged with respect to each other is disclosed. In this context, the angular position of the surface of the at least one vibration means can be adjusted relative to the surface area of the component of the gas turbine. Moreover, a method is provided in which the angular position of the surface of the at least one vibration means can be adjusted relative to the surface area of the component.

Description

The invention relates to a device and a method for surface blasting, in particular for ultrasonic shot peening of a component of a gastrubine of the type specified in the preambles of claims 1 and 8 respectively.

An apparatus for surface blasting or such a method are already known from EP 1 101 568 B1 to take as designated, wherein the rotor blades of a rotor designed as a blisk can be shot peened to improve their fatigue strength. The device in this case comprises a holding device, on which the rotor is rotatably held about its axis of rotation. By rotating the rotor whose rotor blades are guided through a blasting chamber, on the underside of a vibration device in the form of an ultrasonic sonotrode is arranged with an at least approximately horizontally extending oscillating surface. The blasting chamber is thereby bounded both axially - ie in the region of the broad sides of the rotor - as well as radially - ie in the region of the rotor blades - the blisk by corresponding chamber walls. Since, in particular, the chamber walls of the blasting chamber, which are arranged radially to the rotor, are unable to hold all the balls within the central blasting chamber, depending on the position of the respective rotor blades, they are each preceded or arranged in the radial direction of the rotor by two further chambers. Within these further chambers, balls passing over from the central beam chamber equipped with the sonotrode are collected and returned via corresponding channels.

A disadvantage of this known device or the associated method, however, is the fact that a uniform solidification of the radiating surface areas of the rotor blades is difficult to achieve. This also because of The fact that the rotor blades with respect to their central axis or the perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, a rotation, the so-called "twist".

document WO 2005-123338 describes a device and a method according to the preamble of claims 1 and 8.

Object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method of the type mentioned, with which the solidification of different surface areas of the component can be made more targeted or uniform.

This object is achieved by a device and a method having the features of claims 1 and 8, respectively. Advantageous embodiments with expedient and non-trivial developments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

In order that different surface regions of the respective component of the gas turbine can be solidified in a more targeted and uniform manner by the surface blasting, it is provided according to the invention that the angular position of the surface of the at least one vibration device is adjustable relative to the surface region of the component of the gas turbine. In the method according to the invention, it is provided for this purpose to adjust the angular position of the surface of the vibration device relative to the surface region of the component - before and / or during surface radiation.

In other words, it is therefore provided according to the invention to provide a device and a method for surface blasting in which the surface of the at least one vibrating device and the surface region of the component can be adjusted in their angular position relative to each other, that for each specific to processing surface area can realize optimal irradiation with blasting. Since, for example, the rotation of each rotor blade, generally referred to as "twist" about its central axis or perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, causes the vector of the surface normal to change significantly over the blade geometry, it is now possible for an adjustable surface of the vibration device Adjust normal vector accordingly. In other words, for example, the surface of the vibration devices can now be set so that their normal vector points directly or at the desired angle to the surface area of the component to be machined. Since the angle at which the blasting material accelerated by the surface of the vibration device has a decisive effect on the hardening of the surface area of the component to be machined, it can thus be set or adjusted uniformly by a corresponding adjustment of the angular position of the surface of the vibration device.

As a result, it can be seen that a targeted and uniform hardening of the surface to be machined of the component can be achieved by the relative position of the surface of the sonotrode and the surface area to be processed is varied accordingly. It is also conceivable to make the surface of the vibration device adjustable relative to the surface area to be processed, as well as vice versa, the surface area of the component - for example by means of the holding device - relative to the surface of the vibration device.

Since the component of the gas turbine itself is received by the holding device, a very good reproducible surface quality or solidification of the surface regions of the component to be machined can be achieved. In other words, the beam intensity of the surface radiation over the entire beam range can be ensured extremely homogeneously within narrow limits.

The following advantages of the device according to the invention are also to be regarded as advantages of the method according to the invention.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it has also been shown to be advantageous if the angular position of the surface of the at least one vibration device is adjustable relative to the surface area during the surface blasting of the surface region of the component. As a result, the various surface areas of the component can be individually processed with a matched to it surface radiation. By the respectively set angular position of the surface of the vibration device relative to the surface area, the beam intensity and the angle of incidence of the Match blasting material to the respective surface area of the component to be machined. In this case, for example, the rotor blades can be blasted in a continuous or stepped process in that the rotor is rotated at the appropriate speed. Correspondingly, the angular position of the surface of the vibration device changes accordingly.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that two vibration devices are provided, which have respective surfaces at an angle to one another. This makes it possible in a simple manner, a component machined synchronously on both sides, so that even complex three-dimensional component geometries can be blasted in an optimal manner. The synchronous two-sided surface radiation has the great advantage that in particular thin component areas experience no delay.

It has also proven to be advantageous if the respective surfaces of the two vibration devices are arranged substantially V-shaped to each other. The two surfaces are particularly easily adaptable to each other in their angular position, so that in particular in the two-sided blasting respectively the immediately opposite surface areas can be blasted synchronously. A mirror-symmetrical arrangement provides that the respective surfaces of the two vibration devices intersect at least approximately in a central axis or a vertical of the component.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the at least one adjustable surface of the respective vibration device is adjustable by one or two adjustment axes. The two axes are preferably perpendicular to each other, so that in a simple way a tilt and rotation angle can be adjusted. In other words, therefore, a surface of the vibration device provided with two adjustment axes is characterized in particular by the fact that it can be adjusted two-dimensionally. Accordingly, of course, the normal vector of the surface is two-dimensionally adjustable.

The device according to the invention is designed for processing a rotor, which is rotatably supported about a rotation axis, in particular a blisk. In particular, the rotor blades can thus be brought in a simple manner by rotating the rotor in the beam region of the surface of the vibrating device, being ensured by the adjustable surface that all surface areas to be processed are subjected to the desired beam intensity.

In order to be able to create a particularly simple device with an easily reproducible jet result, it has been shown to be advantageous in a further embodiment of the invention to associate with the at least one vibration device a blasting chamber to which the surface area of the component to be machined can be positioned. It is clear that the blasting chamber must be dimensioned so large that the surface of the vibrating device can be adjusted in all desired angular positions.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a simple adaptation of the blasting chamber to the respective component to be machined can be achieved in that the chamber walls are at least partially flexible. By such a flexible envelope, it is possible, for example, to enclose the entire component and thus to avoid a loss of blasting. Furthermore, such flexible chamber walls ensure the possibility that they forge easily to the sonotrode and the component holder, so that here too no loss of blasting material is to be feared.

As further advantageous, it has been shown when the chamber walls of the blasting chamber are adjustable even in their angular position. In this way, on the one hand, the reflection of the blasting material on the chamber walls can be influenced and, on the other hand, the chamber walls can easily be brought close to the respective component in order to achieve a reliable seal before the blasting material exits. It is clear that this results in a simple way to use components with different geometry or size.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a distribution device is provided with which the beam material can be distributed over the surface of the vibration device. Due to the inclined arrangement of the surface is thus avoided in a simple manner that blasting collects excessively at a low point of the surface. Rather, a uniform distribution of the grit can be created by the distribution device, so that over the entire surface results in a uniform beam intensity and uniform solidification of the surface region of the component.

A particularly simple distribution device can be realized if it comprises a vibrating surface, which is realized for example by a sonotrode, by a so-called flapper, a piezo hacker or a vibrating plate or membrane. Alternatively, the distribution device can also be operated with a compressed medium, in particular with compressed air, which can be adjusted in a simple manner so that a uniform distribution of the blasting material also results at the upper points of the surface of the vibration device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, for example, a first means for determining the amount of blasting material is provided within the blasting chamber. This device can for example perform a sound analysis within the blasting chamber, with which the amount of blasting material is to be determined. In doing so, one makes use of the basic idea that the sound of the blasting material changes depending on its quantity.

In addition, in a further embodiment of the invention, a device for replenishing the blasting material can be provided so that its quantity remains constant within the blasting chamber. A constant amount of blasting material ensures, in particular, that an easily reproducible and constant blasting result can be achieved.

In addition, it has proven to be advantageous if the device for subsequent metering of the blasting material can be controlled as a function of the quantity of blasting material determined by the first device. As a result, a monitoring can be realized in a simple way, so that always the same amount of blasting material, for example, is present within the blasting chamber.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Perspektivansicht auf einen ausschnittsweise geschnitten dar- gestellten Rotor einer Gastrubine in Form einer Blisk, welche mittels einer ledig- lich schematisch angedeuteten Haltevorrichtung um ihre Rotationsachse drehbar gehalten ist, wobei an der Unterseite der Blisk im Bereich der Rotorschaufeln ei- ne schematisch angedeutete Strahlkammer erkennbar ist, welche zwei V-förmig zueinander orientierte Oberflächen von jeweils zugehörigen Vibrationseinrich- tungen umfasst, mit welchen Strahlgut beispielsweise in Form von Kugeln in Richtung der Rotorschaufeln zu beschleunigen ist; und in

Fig. 2

eine schematische Schnittansicht durch die Blisk gemäß Fig. 1, wobei im Be- reich der Rotorschaufeln die Vorrichtung zum Oberflächenstrahlen dargestellt ist, welche vorliegend zwei V-förmig zueinander angeordneten Oberflächen der jeweiligen Vibrationseinrichtungen umfasst, wobei die beiden Oberflächen in ih- rer Winkelposition gegenüber der Blisk einstellbar sind.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and from the drawings; these show in:

Fig. 1

a schematic perspective view of a partially cut shown rotor of a gas turbine in the form of a blisk, which is rotatably supported about its axis of rotation by means of a merely schematically indicated holding device, wherein at the bottom of the blisk in the region of the rotor blades ne schematically indicated blasting chamber can be seen, which comprises two V-shaped mutually oriented surfaces of respectively associated Vibrationseinrich- lines with which blasting material is to accelerate, for example in the form of balls in the direction of the rotor blades; and in

Fig. 2

a schematic sectional view through the blisk according to Fig. 1 , In the area of the rotor blades, the device for surface blasting is shown, which in the present case comprises two V-shaped mutually arranged surfaces of the respective vibration devices, wherein the two surfaces are adjustable in their angular position relative to the blisk.

In Fig. 1 is a schematic and partial perspective view of a rotatable rotor on a gas turbine in the form of a blisk 10 schematically visible. In synopsis with Fig. 2 , which shows the blisk 10 in a schematic sectional view, the basic individual areas of which are more clearly recognizable. In particular, a blisk disk 12 can be seen, on whose outer peripheral side a multiplicity of rotor blades 14 are arranged. Of the blisk disk 12 is essentially an in Fig. 2 recognizable, which is radially inwardly or in the drawing upwards, a sub-platform 18 connects: The lower platform portion 18 is radially inward in a disk neck 20 on which the Sub-platform 18 connects with a disk body 22. The radially inner end of the disk body 22 is formed by a hub 24, which is a counterweight to the rotor blades 14. From the lower platform region 18 or from the disk neck 20, on the one side of the blisk disk 12, there is a first wing 26, which is of substantially angular design in cross-section. In a - viewed in the radial direction - middle portion of the disk body 22 is another wing 28 on the other side of the blisk disk 12 from which comprises an angular portion 30 and a connecting them with the disk body 22 web 32 which at an angle protrudes from 45 ° relative to the disk body 22. The blisk 10 is designed to be rotatable or rotationally symmetrical about a rotation axis R overall.

From a device for shot peening of the rotor blades 14 is in Fig. 1 a holding device 34 by two symbolically indicated bearing blocks 36, via which the blisk 10 is rotatably supported or mounted about its axis of rotation R.

In addition to the holding device 34, the apparatus for shot peening in the present case comprises a blasting chamber 38, which in particular in conjunction with Fig. 2 is more clearly recognizable. The blasting chamber 38 serves for shot peening of the surface regions 40, 42 on the opposite sides of each of the rotor blades 14. The blasting chamber 38 is in Fig. 1 indicated only by dashed lines and shown along a vertical S on the axis of rotation R of the blisk 10 and cut parallel to the cut surface by the blisk 10.

Out Fig. 2 It can now be seen that the blasting chamber 38 comprises two vibration devices 44, 46, which are indicated only schematically, which in the present case are designed as ultrasonic sonotrodes. Each of the vibration devices 44, 46 comprises a surface 48, 50 facing the component to be radiated or the respective rotary blade 14, which are flat in the present exemplary embodiment. In particular, is off Fig. 2 It can be seen that the surfaces 48, 50 of the two vibration devices 44, 46 are arranged substantially V-shaped at an angle of presently approximately 110 ° to 120 ° to each other. The two vibrators 46, 48 are within associated Chamber walls 52, 54 of the blasting chamber 38 recorded. At the the vibration means 44, 46 receiving chamber walls 52, 54 adjoin each other at an angle associated further chamber walls 56, 58, which shoot the blasting chamber 38 upwards. In addition, 60 not shown chamber walls are provided on both end faces, which at least largely close the blasting chamber 38 in the radial direction of the blisk 10.

Out Fig. 2 can be seen that the two surfaces 48, 50 in the region of a common adjustment axis V in their angular position relative to each other or relative to the component to be radiated (rotor blades 14) are adjustable. The adjustment axis V in this case runs perpendicular to the page plane. In addition, each of the two surfaces 50 can be adjusted by a further adjustment axis Z, which in Fig. 2 are indicated only schematically. The respective second adjusting axes Z each extend in the plane of the surfaces 48, 50 and perpendicular to the first adjustment axis V. In other words, each of the two surfaces 48, 50 present at least about the adjustment axis V and possibly - if any - to the further adjustment axis Z be adjusted. Consequently, in the present case either only a respective tilting angle about the axis V or about an angle of rotation about the respective axis Z can be set. It is clear that in this way a normal vector or a perpendicular to the respective surface 48, 50 can be adjusted either one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally. It is thus achieved that different partial regions of the two opposite surface regions 48, 50 of the respective rotor blade 14 can each be optimally solidified by shot peening. Since each of the rotor blades 14 has a twist which causes the vector of the surface normal over the blade geometry to change significantly in different partial regions of its surface regions 40, 42, this can be achieved by a corresponding angular adjustment of the two surfaces 48, 50 of the two vibration devices 48, 50 are compensated. Namely, depending on the angular position of the two surfaces 48, 50, the angle of incidence of the blasting material can be adjusted to the particular region of the surface regions 40, 42 to be blasted, resulting in optimum or individual hardening. The angular position of the surfaces 48, 50 can during the surface blasting of the respective rotor blade 14 are adjusted so that each rotor blade 18 can be surface-blasted in one operation. If the blisk 10 is rotated stepwise or continuously about its axis of rotation R within the holding device 34, an adjustment can likewise be made by the surfaces 48, 50.

Alternatively, of course, in a particularly simple embodiment, it would also be conceivable to make the surfaces 48, 50 merely presettable, in which case the entire working process is carried out with the correspondingly adjusted surfaces 48, 50. This would be conceivable, for example, if the component to be machined has a relatively simple geometry. It is clear that the chamber walls 52, 54, 56, 58 must be correspondingly formed so that the surfaces 48, 50 of the two vibration devices 44, 46 can be adjusted. Here, for example, it would be conceivable to use flexible chamber walls 52, 54, 56, 58, which can even easily surround the entire component. In this case, a flexible enclosure would be created, which encloses the entire component and conforms to the side surfaces of the vibration devices 48, 50 and optionally not shown here component holders. In one embodiment, not shown, in particular, the surfaces 48, 50 opposite chamber walls 56, 58 may also be designed to be adjustable in order to allow a corresponding adjustment to the inclination adjustment of the vibration device 44, 46. In addition, by adjustable chamber walls 56, 58, the reflection angle can be influenced, in which the blasting material rebounds from these.

By the V-shaped arrangement of the two surfaces 48, 50 can be achieved in particular that the opposing surface regions 40, 42 of the respective rotor blade 14 can be blasted synchronously. As a result, it is achieved in particular with thin-walled components that there is no delay. By adjusting the angular positions of the surfaces 48, 50, moreover, a homogeneous beam intensity can be achieved over the entire beam range within narrow limits. In the present embodiment, the surfaces 48, 50 are arranged at an identical angle to the vertical S, which has a central axis through the respective rotor blade 14 represents. Likewise, it would of course also be conceivable to adjust the two surfaces 48, 50 at different angles over the adjustment axes V and Z.

The two surfaces 48, 50 can theoretically be set at an angle of 0 ° to 90 ° - and in particular from 0 ° to 80 ° - to the vertical S or to the central axis of the respective rotor blade 14. Also well suited is an angle of between about 30 ° and about 60 °, and in particular between 40 ° and 50 ° of the two surfaces 48, 50 to the vertical S.

At a lowest point of the two surfaces 48, 50, a distributor 62 is provided, with which the blasting material - in the present case the balls - evenly distributed over the two surfaces 48, 50. As a result, the beam intensity is also homogenized. In the present embodiment, the distribution device 62 comprises a hose 64, with which compressed air or compressed air can be passed to the lowest point within the blasting chamber 38, so that the collecting blasting material moves upward and is evenly distributed over the surfaces 48, 50. As an alternative to the tube 64, a vibrating surface 66 may also be provided, which in Fig. 2 also indicated schematically. The oscillating surface 66 can be operated, for example, by a sonotrode, a flapper, a piezoshacker or a vibrating plate or membrane. As a result, it is also achieved here that the blasting material is distributed uniformly over the surfaces 48, 50.

In addition, a first device 68 is provided within the blasting chamber 38, with which the amount of blasting material can be determined. This can be done for example by means of a sound analysis in which the sound is measured within the blasting chamber 38 on the basis of the amount of blasting material. When falling below a threshold value then further blasting material can be replenished by means of a second device 70, as indicated by the dashed tube 72. As a result, this ensures that there is always a constant amount of blasting material within the blasting chamber 38, so that a reproducible blasting result can be achieved.

For surface blasting, the surface regions 40, 42 of the component 14 and the surfaces 48, 50 of the two vibration devices 44, 46 can thus be arranged relative to one another by means of the holding device 32 and be moved relative to one another by rotating the blisk 10 about their axis of rotation R during surface blasting. The angular position of the surface 48, 50 of the at least one vibration device 44, 46 relative to the surface region 40, 42 of the component 14 can be adjusted only in advance and / or during the surface blasting of the surface region 40, 42 of the component 14 to the surface regions 40, 42 to consolidate more targeted and uniform.

Claims (13)

1. Device for the surface peening, in particular ultrasonic shot peening, of a component (14), in particular of a rotor blade, of a gas turbine, with at least one vibration device (44, 46), which comprises a surface (48, 50) acting on the shot, and with a holding device (34), by means of which a surface area (40, 42) of the component (14) and the surface (48, 50) of the vibration device (44, 46) can be arranged relative to one another, wherein the angular position of the surface (48, 50) of the at least one vibration device (44, 46) can be set relative to the surface area (40, 42) of the component (14) of the gas turbine, characterized by a holding device (34), by means of which a rotor having an axis of rotation (R) and supporting the component integrally, in particular a blisk (10), can be rotatably mounted.
2. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distribution device (62) is provided, with which the shot is distributable over the surface (48, 50) of the vibration device (44, 46).
3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the distribution device (62) is arranged beneath a lowest point of the surface (48, 50) of the at least one vibration device (44, 46).
4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the distribution device (62) comprises a surface (48, 50) acting on the shot or is operable using a compressed medium, in particular for compressed air, with which the shot is distributable over the surface (48, 50) of the vibration device (44, 46).
5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first device (68) for determining the quantity of shot is provided.
6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second device (70) for replenishing the shot is provided.
7. Device according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the second device (70) can be controlled in dependence on the quantity of shot determined by the first device (68).
8. Method for the surface peening, in particular ultrasonic shot peening, of a component (14), in particular of a rotor blade, of a gas turbine, in which a surface area (40, 42) of the component (14) and at least one surface (48, 50) of a vibration device (44, 46) acting on the shot are arranged relative to one another and moved relative to one another during surface peening, wherein the angular position of the surface (48, 50) of the at least one vibration device (44, 46) is set relative to the surface area (40, 42) of the component (14), characterized in that for the surface peening of the component (10) an assigned rotor (10), which supports the component integrally, in particular a blisk, is rotated about its axis of rotation (R).
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the angular position of the surface (48, 50) of the at least one vibration device (46, 48) is set before the surface peening of the surface area (40, 42) of the component (14).
10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the angular position of the surface (48, 50) of the at least one vibration device (46, 48) is adjusted during the surface peening of the surface area (40, 42) of the component (14).
11. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that two respective mutually inclined surfaces (48, 50) of vibration devices (44, 46) are set in their angular position relative to the component (14) or adjusted during the surface peening.
12. Method according to claim, characterized in that two opposing surface areas (40, 42) of the component (14) are peened synchronously by means of the two surfaces (48, 50).
13. Method according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the component (14) is arranged by means of a holding device (34) relative to the surface (48, 50) of the at least one vibration device (44, 46).

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