EP2105669B1 - Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes - Google Patents

Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2105669B1
EP2105669B1 EP08005613.8A EP08005613A EP2105669B1 EP 2105669 B1 EP2105669 B1 EP 2105669B1 EP 08005613 A EP08005613 A EP 08005613A EP 2105669 B1 EP2105669 B1 EP 2105669B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
channel
signal
sensor
evaluation circuit
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EP08005613.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2105669A1 (fr
Inventor
Kurt-Henry Dr. Mindermann
Jens Michael Mindermann
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BFI Automation Mindermann GmbH
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BFI Automation Mindermann GmbH
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Priority to DK08005613.8T priority Critical patent/DK2105669T3/da
Priority to EP08005613.8A priority patent/EP2105669B1/fr
Publication of EP2105669A1 publication Critical patent/EP2105669A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/16—Systems for controlling combustion using noise-sensitive detectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/08—Flame sensors detecting flame flicker
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flame monitoring and evaluation device for a combustion device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • US 6,356,199 B1 relates to a flame monitoring device in which an ionization current of a flame rod with a DC and an AC component is monitored. The output of the flame rod is fed through an amplifier to a branch point where three parallel paths for signal processing begin. The three paths are used to evaluate the DC intensity, the AC intensity and the flicker frequency.
  • the incinerator can be operated with gaseous, liquid and solid fossil fuels or also residues (for example refuse).
  • a combustion device for example, burners, surface burners, waste incinerators and the like are possible.
  • the resulting rapid chemical compounds of a fuel in the oxidation with oxygen to be detected and electronically stored in evaluable signals on power and voltage.
  • the electromagnetic radiation detected by the radiation sensors provides information about very important combustion states, such as optimal economic combustion, which must be carried out in a complete reaction in the process of the fuel air ratio.
  • the flame evaluation allows the indication of the Lambda air ratio as well as an essential adjustment aid and improvement in the control of the desired CO, CO 2 , NOX values, for which limits or limits are defined for ecological and economic reasons.
  • One of the most effective ways to save energy is to control CO 2 emissions on-line with flame monitoring and evaluation, and to prevent CO and CO gas formation in the boiler and in flue gas ducts by CO monitoring.
  • a flame detector for a burner operated with oil or gas, in which an evaluation circuit determines the number of zero crossings of a processed signal of a photosensor within a predetermined time unit and compares it with a predetermined limit. Falls below the predetermined limit value, a shutdown signal for the fuel supply is generated. Accordingly, the evaluation circuit can evaluate the signal of the photosensor with respect to Flackerfrequenz and / or amplitude of the detected flame radiation.
  • Out DE 197 46 786 C2 is a flame detector for bluish flames of an oil or gas burner is known in which a semiconductor detector with a Near-ultraviolet spectral sensitivity is used with a downstream evaluation circuit, which influences a regulator for the fuel combustion air ratio according to the spectral distribution of the flame radiation.
  • a semiconductor detector with a Near-ultraviolet spectral sensitivity is used with a downstream evaluation circuit, which influences a regulator for the fuel combustion air ratio according to the spectral distribution of the flame radiation.
  • this can lead to problems when the flame radiation emigrates to larger wavelengths, the "yellow area", such that, despite the increase in the proportion of combustion air, the emigration increases, and then the fuel supply is switched off.
  • An evaluation of the received radiation from the photo sensor in terms of whether the burner is burning or in the event that it does not burn, the fuel supply is as soon as possible shut down, is not provided here.
  • a flame monitor for bluish-burning flames of an oil or gas burner which includes a flame-detecting photosensor having ultra-violet-to-infrared sensitivity and a downstream evaluation circuit which shuts off the supply of fuel when the radiation is in the range of 200 to 500 nm fails or the increase of the detected radiation intensity above 500 nm reveals a migration out of the blue region.
  • the signal of the photo sensor is two-channel, on the one hand concerning ultraviolet radiation to 500 nm and on the other concerning visible and infrared radiation, evaluated.
  • a special photo sensor is required with a special evaluation, with no evaluation of the burning behavior, but only a safety-related shutdown of the fuel supply takes place.
  • a monitoring device for flame monitoring on oil-operated blower burners which evaluates the signal emitted by a photoresistor in two channels.
  • a first channel is used to capture the average brightness.
  • a second channel is used to detect alternating parts resulting from the flickering of the flame.
  • the flame is only recognized as burning properly if a signal is present at both channel outputs of the channels. In this way, it should be ensured that the flame monitoring is not done with a defective photoresistor.
  • the monitoring device is aimed at the mere detection of the flame and a shutdown of the fuel supply, if the flame is rated as non-combusting.
  • a flame detector is known, in addition to the determination of the presence of a flame additionally allows a quantitative statement about the quality of combustion by a dependent of the Russiere signal is available.
  • a signal of a photodiode is supplied to a microprocessor on two channels.
  • the flame monitoring and evaluation device has a sensor detecting the flame radiation and its pulsation and an evaluation circuit connected downstream of this.
  • the evaluation circuit determines whether the radiation received by the sensor corresponds to that of a burning flame. If the result is negative, the evaluation circuit generates a shutdown signal for the fuel supply.
  • the sensor is connected to the evaluation circuit via three channels, which are designed as input channels for the evaluation circuit.
  • the evaluation circuit is designed for the simultaneous evaluation of the flame frequency, the amplitude of the flame signal and the average radiation pressure. This ensures the highest possible dynamics and accuracy in the determination of the Flicker frequencies and amplitudes as well as the equal pressure.
  • composition signal ie a signal that takes into account the three signals of the three channels according to predetermined criteria, can be generated by the evaluation circuit and an evaluation of the flame behavior due to the signals of the three channels feasible.
  • the three-channel evaluation of radiation pressure, frequency and amplitude allows further information from the flame signal to be obtained for evaluation and safety-related processing. This gives a clear indication of the combustion behavior, a discrimination of the flames and a clearer identification of interfering signals.
  • a periodic comparison of the variables determined via the three channels allows the early detection of a possible disadvantageous change in the combustion chamber.
  • the sensor is preferably used as a photoelectric sensor, e.g. a photodiode designed to provide a cost-effective opto-electronic flame monitoring and evaluation device. Most photosensors utilize self-emf, reducing self-oscillation or noise in the flame monitoring and evaluation device.
  • a semiconductor sensor having an optical filter can be preferably used as the photosensor.
  • the working area should start at a wavelength below 300 nm and extend into the infrared range. The maximum of the sensitivity is above 800 nm. Very important is also the detection of the radicals and their modulation frequencies in the aforementioned range.
  • the photosensor used has a broad linear characteristic with respect to the wavelength.
  • the relationship between the modulated alternating component (flame) and the DC component (background radiation of the combustion chamber) can be relied upon reliably in the combustion chamber Close prevailing conditions (eg IR content, temperature, flame color, etc.).
  • the senor can also be configured as an ionization, pressure, or sound sensor.
  • the first separation of the three channels takes place immediately behind the sensor via a separate processing of the physical quantities current (DC pressure) and voltage (frequency and amplitude).
  • the separate processing of the physical quantities is particularly easy via a resistor.
  • the signal received by the photosensor is simply divided by the resistor into the physical quantity current and the physical quantity voltage, so that there is a direct correspondence between the quantities to be obtained. For flame monitoring and evaluation, one and the same signal, which is processed differently, is thus used for redundancy.
  • the composition signal can be fed to a device for setting an optimal air control during combustion and / or adjustment of the fuel supply.
  • the composition signal is alsschaltbar to the appropriate means for adjusting the air or fuel supply.
  • a double zero point continuity check can be carried out when evaluating the flame frequency. Due to the double zero-crossing control, the flame frequency can be determined more accurately and can thus lead to a more precise composition signal.
  • the evaluation circuit is connected to a sensitivity control stage.
  • the sensitivity control stage which may be designed in hardware or software, regulates the sensitivity for the channel of the frequency and / or the channel of the amplitude as a function of the evaluated signal of the channel of the radiation pressure.
  • the channel for the radiation pressure and in the channel for the amplitude branches are provided, which are guided on shut-off members for the fuel supply.
  • shut-off members for the fuel supply there is another redundancy. Regardless of the signal of the evaluation circuit, a shutdown of the fuel supply safety-oriented feasible.
  • the evaluation circuit has a memory in which parameters with regard to shutdowns and / or frequency histograms can be stored and read out.
  • the signal from the sensor is led out of the area of the furnace via a high-temperature-resistant optical fiber cable (glass fiber) and then supplied to the evaluation circuit via three channels.
  • a high-temperature-resistant optical fiber cable glass fiber
  • Fig. 1 an embodiment of a flame monitoring and evaluation device according to the invention is shown.
  • a designed as a photosensor sensor 1 and an evaluation circuit 2 of the flame monitoring and evaluation device before a three-channel connection between the photosensor 1 and the evaluation circuit 2.
  • the evaluation circuit 2 is in accordance with the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment designed as a microprocessor.
  • the photosensor 1 may be provided in the combustion chamber of a furnace.
  • a high-temperature fiber optic cable may be connected to the sensor to supply the sensor in order to supply the signal to the photosensor 1 from the high-temperature region.
  • channels join in a low temperature range outside of the boiler.
  • three channels is only a photosensor 1 and thus a semiconductor provided, which is a Significant economic benefit in terms of saving of components of the circuit means.
  • the in Fig. 1 represented upper channel (first channel) is used to detect the radiation intensity as a quotient of the incident luminous flux on the photosensor per receiver surface of the photosensor, so for detecting the radiation power and the average radiation pressure.
  • the in Fig. 1 middle channel (second channel) is used to detect the Flackerfrequenzen, which are the periodic changes in the flame intensities, which arise as a function of time during the oxidation process, fuel-air.
  • the in Fig. 1 shown lowest channel (third channel) is used to measure the amplitude of the flame.
  • the radiation determined via the first channel can be specified as a percentage with the base unit candela (Cd) via an output of the evaluation circuit 2.
  • the flicker frequencies determined via the second channel can, if the amplitude changes periodically over time, be assumed to be a periodically varying evaluation signal varying by an average value.
  • the modulated oscillation of the brightness determines the frequency and intensity of the flame.
  • the frequency gives information about the speed
  • the amplitude gives information about the size of the radiation change, what in Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the zero crossings of a signal of the second channel which is usually plotted against lambda, which are referred to as pulsation (Hz), essentially correspond to the flickering frequency of the flame radiation per unit of time.
  • the Zero crossings are generated by the evaluation circuit by cutting off the DC component of the photosensor signal and setting the switching hysteresis about the zero line for the AC component so that the noise component of the signal is suppressed, ie the dominant amplitudes remain.
  • the resulting AC signal is amplified such that substantially rectangular pulses of varying pulse widths result as a result of clipping the upper and lower portions. One then counts corresponding rising and falling edges of these square pulses and thus zero crossings. This happens per unit time, for example per second.
  • the number of zero crossings per unit time is greater than a predetermined limit, for example 25, it is believed that there is a flame. If the number of zero crossings is equal to or above the predetermined limit value, it is considered that an acceptable flame exists, below which the supply of fuel is interrupted accordingly.
  • the extension to the redundant detection of both edges of the oscillations with the positive and negative zero crossings including control of the resulting pulse widths is important.
  • a frequency histogram can also be offered, galvanically separated, via the display of an LED.
  • a complex Fourier analysis is not required.
  • the telegram also contains statements about the CO, CO 2 and NOX ratios.
  • Fig. 3 the first channel is again shown individually. Between the photosensor 1 and the evaluation circuit 2, which is designed as a microprocessor, a transimpedance amplifier 3, a low pass 4, and a logarithm 5 are provided. The first channel for detecting the radiation power is applied to an analog-to-digital converter of the evaluation circuit 2. happenss in the first channel a strong suppression of AC voltages up to a very low frequency.
  • the strong suppression is made possible in part by a resistor 6 connected to the photosensor 1.
  • the physical quantity "current" of the photosensor 1 is required.
  • the splitting via the resistor 6, which is connected behind the photosensor 1, takes place in that for the second and third, which are provided for detecting the frequency and amplitude of the flame, the "voltage" across the resistor 6 is tapped.
  • the resistor 6 serves as a star resistor for generating a dependent on the size of the resistor 6 and the signal of the photosensor 1 voltage value, which is directly correlated with the current value for the first channel.
  • a bandpass filter 7 and an operational amplifier 8 are arranged in the second channel.
  • the channel 2 is placed on an analog comparator of the evaluation circuit 2.
  • Resistor 6 in contrast to the signal for the first channel, where the DC components are used, is used to supply the voltage drop across resistor 6 to the second channel.
  • the bandpass filter 7 is a tunable bandpass filter of about 150 to 200 Hz, for example, and a quality of 0.5, in order to exclude excitation by alternating electric fields. The low bandwidth also dampens the dominant low frequencies in the flame signal.
  • the bandpass filter 7 is dimensioned so that even at high amplitudes saturation is not achieved in order to avoid frequency doubling in the subsequent capacitively coupled stage. Also for this reason, the subsequent stages are galvanically coupled.
  • an operational amplifier 9 In the third channel, an operational amplifier 9, a logarithm 10, a precision rectifier 11 and a low-pass filter 12 are arranged.
  • the processing of the amplitude signals in the third channel is logarithmic.
  • the negative and positive half waves pass through the low pass 12 to the input of the Evaluation circuit 2, which is formed by an analog-to-digital converter.
  • each channel has a signal path designed in the best possible manner for the respective signal.
  • the in the Fig. 1 . 3 and 4 The block diagrams shown are optimized for signal routing in the three channels.
  • the amplitude measurement by the electronic components arranged in the third channel takes place exclusively in the relevant measuring range, ie the signal components which would disturb the measurement are filtered out in the third channel (for example, noise and an offset are filtered out).
  • the resistor 6 immediately after the photosensor 1 separates the signal for the radiation pressure (first channel) and the alternating signal for the flame frequency and the amplitude (second and third channels), and the signals are processed separately, whereby a very early redundancy in the signal path is achieved ,
  • the evaluation circuit 2 generates a composition signal, which dusts an evaluation of the burning behavior of the flame, taking into account predetermined criteria.
  • the results from the individual channels can be added, subtracted or otherwise linked together to generate the composition signal.
  • evaluating the flame it is meant here that not only a safety-related shutdown is performed upon detection that the flame is off, but that the burning behavior can be positively influenced.
  • the three-channel evaluation of radiation pressure, flicker frequency and amplitude makes a very good and verified evaluation possible.
  • Verification means that one of the channels is used to check the results obtained from the other two channels.
  • the first channel ie the signal of the radiation pressure
  • the first channel for the radiation pressure can therefore be used to optimally adjust the air / fuel mixture so that there is no increase in CO production or increased CO 2 production by keeping the pressure as constant as possible.
  • the adjustment can be made by a control, for example, with the air supply flap or blower. Of course, the amount of fuel can be adjusted.
  • the supply of less air leads to a lower frequency and greater amplitude, while the supply of more air leads to a higher frequency with smaller amplitude.
  • the desired optimum combustion histograms, eg, CO, CO 2 , and NO x values are set for the operating points of the combustors. It is about thereby around weighted frequencies, which are always subject to a typical fluctuation range.
  • the signal via the flame-burning behavior can be transmitted contactlessly via a connected to the evaluation circuit and driven LED by the evaluation circuit 2 information about the correspondingly driven LED optically transmits. This information can then also be used for lambda regulation, wherein the contactless optical transmission by means of LED is preferred in order to minimize interference due to connections or EMC phenomena.
  • the LED which may be part of the flame monitoring device, an optical data transmission interface is provided for data exchange of the flame monitoring device with external devices.
  • the signal for the radiation pressure determined via the first channel can also be used to control diaphragms or optical filters connected upstream of the photosensor 1.
  • the control can then be such that at high radiation pressure, the apertures are reduced, and increased at low radiation pressure, or the filters are changed.
  • one of the two other signals of the other two channels can serve for a verification of the measured signals. It is also possible, for example, that the signal for the amplitude, i. the third channel signal is used to verify the measurement over the first channel (radiation pressure) and the second channel (frequency).
  • the three-channel design according to the invention for example, a characteristic simulation of a relatively expensive GaP diode as a photosensor using a much cheaper silicon diode is possible. Due to the logarithmic detection of the signal of the first channel, ie of the signal representative of the radiation pressure, the reproduction of a linear characteristic in logarithmic representation is possible.
  • the simulation of the behavior of a GaP diode as a photosensor takes place in the present exemplary embodiment in that the radiation power determined via the first channel or the radiation pressure carries out a sensitivity control via a sensitivity control stage for the second channel for detecting the amplitude.
  • the logarithm 10 is provided in the first channel; it is therefore a hardware solution.
  • a logarithmic consideration of the signal input variable can be carried out in the evaluation circuit 2 for the first channel.
  • the measurement of the radiation pressure can thus take place over a very large measuring range.
  • the electronic components are selected so that the signal for the evaluation of the radiation pressure is optimized.
  • the sensitivity adjustment with respect to the signal in the third channel is possible.
  • a higher sensitivity and hence gain can be set.
  • the sensitivity can be downshifted or switched in response to the increasing pressure again.
  • an analog comparator Schott trigger
  • Fig. 5 is shown a profile of a measured over the first channel representative size for the radiation pressure.
  • the evaluated signal current of the photosensor or of the photodiode
  • the radiation pressure is shown as a function of the measured current of the photo sensor and the photodiode (lower x-axis) via the first channel.
  • the signal for the radiation pressure increases with increasing current of the photosensor.
  • the values of the radiation pressure can be read on the left y-axis.
  • the relative sensitivity is also plotted with the corresponding values on the right y-axis.
  • the sensitivity is up to a diode current of about 10 ⁇ A 100% and then drops for larger currents of the photo sensor.
  • Fig. 6 and 7 In each case a course of a measured over the third channel representative size for the amplitude of the flame is shown.
  • Fig. 6 is a linear representation
  • Fig. 7 a logarithmic representation chosen.
  • a voltage of the photosensor or the photodiode is shown, in the case that the sensitivity for the signal input of the third channel is set in dependence on the measured radiation pressure. This results in the logarithmic representation of a linear characteristic for the signal over the third channel, ie the amplitude.
  • the first channel With which the radiation pressure is determined, a regulation for the measurement of the amplitude over the third channel is possible and the behavior of a GaP diode can also be simulated with a low-cost silicon diode. This prevents the disturbing effects of red-emitting brick walls, glowing boiler walls and flame tubes.
  • a quantization is carried out in which each signal of the three channels is monitored and the flame is classified as burning only if each measured variable of a channel is above a certain threshold or in a predetermined Area is located.
  • a certain threshold or in a predetermined Area For example, it may be provided that in the channel for the frequency when switching on within five time units of, for example, 140 ms each have a certain number of zero crossings must be detected to evaluate the flame as "burning".
  • disturbances due to artificial light sources must be taken into account, which should be masked by observing frequencies of 50 Hz and their multiples, and should lead to safety shutdowns on request.
  • the radiation pressure is analogous, and only if the parameters are measured over a predetermined period of time as above the threshold or in a predetermined range, the flame is considered to be burning safely.
  • For the frequency can be provided that both a Frequenzüberschreitungs- as well as a frequency underrun detection, as well as a DC detection with respect to a predetermined threshold.
  • application-dependent setting specifications can be taken into account in the evaluation circuit 2, with which a composition signal can be generated which enables an assessment of the flame behavior.
  • other setting specifications may be preset in the evaluation circuit 2, which are taken into account for a flame evaluation.
  • the weighting of the individual signals of the three channels can be set depending on the fuel in the evaluation circuit 2, automatically inserted, or pre-programmed in the evaluation circuit.
  • An application-dependent setting would be necessary even in the frequency channel because the different fuels can produce different flicker frequencies during combustion.
  • oil, light oil, various gases, different types of coal and other combustion products frequencies typically between 10 to 250 Hz.
  • the dosage of the influence of the three signals on the three channels can be adjusted via rotary switches on the evaluation circuit 2.
  • the information about the individual channels can be visualized graphically and in this case a multidimensional representation can be selected.
  • About intended rotary switch is then directly the influence on the appropriate size readable.
  • the processing of the weighted output signals of the three channels may be analog, digital, or mixed and / or stored.
  • the evaluated measurements can be output multi-dimensionally visualized by the evaluation circuit 2 and, in the event of a shutdown, can give a service technician valuable information about the reasons why a shutdown has occurred.
  • a further embodiment of a flame monitoring and evaluation device is shown, in which as a difference from the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment to further increase the redundancy of the channel for the radiation pressure and the channel for the amplitude independently of the evaluation circuit 2 are monitored.
  • This is done via two additional microcontroller-free branches which are connected to simple window or threshold discriminators 13, 14.
  • the switching thresholds then lie on the edges of the flame detection area.
  • the two branches of the channels "radiation pressure" and "amplitude” thus lead to cut-off elements 15, 16 for the combustion device without the interposition of the evaluation 2.
  • About the two additional branches for the radiation pressure and the amplitude is not sufficient assessment of the flame behavior possible, but only the Detecting whether the flame is burning or not.
  • a rotary switch 17 for adjusting the influences of the three channels in each case on the composition signal.
  • the reference numeral 18 is connected to the evaluation circuit 2 and driven LED provided with the data as described above can be optically transmitted contactless.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes pour un dispositif de combustion comportant un capteur (1) détectant des radiations optiques de flammes et leurs pulsations ainsi qu'un circuit d'analyse (2) branché après le capteur, qui détermine si la radiation reçue par le capteur (1) correspond à une flamme brûlante et dans le cas d'un résultat négatif qui produit un signal d'arrêt d'alimentation du combustible, le capteur (1) étant relié au circuit d'analyse (2) via trois canaux comme canaux d'entrée pour le circuit d'analyse (2), le circuit d'analyse (2) étant agencé pour analyser simultanément la fréquence de flamme, l'amplitude du signal de flamme et la pression de radiation médiane, un signal de composition pouvant être généré par le circuit d'analyse (2) en prenant en compte les trois canaux pour la surveillance de la flamme et une évaluation de la flamme pouvant être effectuée sur la base des signaux des trois canaux, caractérisé en ce qu'une résistance (6) est prévue directement après le capteur (1), qui sépare un premier canal pour déterminer la pression de radiation d'un deuxième canal pour une détermination séparée de la fréquence de flamme, dans lequel sont agencés un filtre passe bande (7) et un amplificateur opérationnel (8), un troisième canal étant prévu séparé du deuxième canal après l'amplificateur opérationnel (8) pour la détermination séparée de l'amplitude.
  2. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (1) est un capteur photoélectrique.
  3. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le capteur photoélectrique présente une réponse linéaire en fonction de la longueur d'onde.
  4. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (1) est une électrode d'ionisation.
  5. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (1) est un microphone ou un capteur de pression.
  6. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la réponse aux longueurs d'ondes du capteur photoélectrique d'une des photodiodes GAP peut être ajustée par le signal du canal pour la pression de radiation avec les deux autres canaux de sorte que chacune des tensions de sortie sont similaires entre elles.
  7. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une corrélation directe des grandeurs fournies aux canaux est disponible via la résistance (6).
  8. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le canal pour l'analyse de la pression de radiation est susceptible d'être alimenté par un courant à partir de la résistance (6) et en ce que les autres canaux pour l'analyse de la fréquence de la flamme et l'amplitude du signal de la flamme sont susceptibles d'être alimentés par une tension qui chute aux bornes de la résistance (6).
  9. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le signal de composition fourni par le circuit d'analyse (2) peut être fourni à un dispositif pour ajuster le réglage optimal d'air et/ou le réglage de combustible.
  10. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que lors de l'analyse de la fréquence de la flamme, un double contrôle du passage au point zéro peut être effectué.
  11. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'analyse (2) est relié à un étage de réglage de la sensibilité pour le canal de la fréquence et/ou le canal de l'amplitude et en ce que la sensibilité est réglable ou commutable via le circuit d'analyse (2) en fonction du signal du canal de la pression de radiation analysé.
  12. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que des embranchements sont prévus dans le canal pour la tension de radiation et l'amplitude, lesdits embranchements étant dirigés sur l'organe d'arrêt de l'alimentation en combustible.
  13. Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'analyse (2) comprend une mémoire dans laquelle des paramètres concernant les arrêts et/ou les histogrammes de fréquences sont stockables et lisibles.
EP08005613.8A 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes Active EP2105669B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK08005613.8T DK2105669T3 (da) 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Flammeovervågnings- og vurderingsindretning
EP08005613.8A EP2105669B1 (fr) 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08005613.8A EP2105669B1 (fr) 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Dispositif de surveillance et d'évaluation de flammes

Publications (2)

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EP2105669A1 EP2105669A1 (fr) 2009-09-30
EP2105669B1 true EP2105669B1 (fr) 2016-01-06

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL2439451T3 (pl) 2010-10-08 2014-06-30 Bfi Automation Mindermann Gmbh Urządzenie do wykrywania obecności płomienia
DE102013005151A1 (de) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-02 Gerd Reime Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Beobachtung und Überwachung von Flammen eines Verbrennungsprozesses
DE102021106263A1 (de) * 2021-03-15 2022-09-15 Durag Gmbh Flammenwächter

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6082933A (ja) * 1983-10-14 1985-05-11 Babcock Hitachi Kk 火炎検出装置
GB9019457D0 (en) * 1990-09-06 1990-10-24 Dresser Holmes Limited Flame monitoring apparatus and method
DE19746786C2 (de) 1997-10-23 2000-10-26 Giersch Gmbh Oel Und Gasbrenne Optischer Flammenwächter
DE19809653C1 (de) 1998-03-06 1999-09-16 Giersch Gmbh Flammenwächter
DE19945562B4 (de) * 1999-09-23 2014-01-16 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Überwachung und/oder Regelung eines Fahrzeugheizgerätes
US6356199B1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-03-12 Abb Inc. Diagnostic ionic flame monitor
DE10055831C2 (de) 2000-11-11 2002-11-21 Bfi Automation Gmbh Flammenwächter für einen mit Öl oder Gas betriebenen Brenner
DE10123214A1 (de) 2001-05-12 2002-11-28 Dungs Karl Gmbh & Co Langzeitsicheres Flammenüberwachungsverfahren und Überwachungsvorrichtung

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DK2105669T3 (da) 2016-04-11
EP2105669A1 (fr) 2009-09-30

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