Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
  • F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
  • F16L1/16—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom
  • F16L1/18—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom the pipes being S- or J-shaped and under tension during laying
  • F16L1/19—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom the pipes being S- or J-shaped and under tension during laying the pipes being J-shaped

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for lowering or raising an underwater pipe between a surface vessel and the seabed, allowing at the end of assembly and laying of the pipe from a laying ship, to descend to the bottom from the sea the upper end of the said pipe from the ship.
• the device according to the invention is particularly useful for the abandonment and recovery of pipes laid at sea at very great depth, that is to say more than 1000 m deep.
• the present invention relates more particularly to subsea pipes consisting of unitary elements of pipes assembled end to end, preferably by welding on board said laying ship.
• the present invention also relates to a method of descent to a certain depth of immersion, preferably to the bottom of the sea, from a laying vessel of the upper end of an underwater pipe whose other end rests at the bottom of the sea, or ascent of said end from said submerged depth, preferably from the seabed to a surface vessel, said vessel being equipped with a descent device or lift according to the invention .
• ship here designates any movable floating assembly, capable of allowing the laying of a pipe.
• the invention applies in particular to the laying of an underwater pipe consisting of rectilinear sections also called “oars” assembled together by welding on board the ship, generally measuring 24 or 48 m, the pipe being therefore placed step by step, each section or "train” may itself be composed of several unit elements of pipe assembled by welding to form a train.
• the device and method of abandonment and recovery of underwater pipe according to the invention therefore concern, as regards the abandonment, the last step of laying the pipe when it is fully assembled and that one wishes to descend to the desired depth, especially at the bottom of the sea, the end of the pipe thus formed.
• the preliminary assembly of the different parts of the pipe aboard the ship, then the installation of the row at the bottom of the sea by assembly of oars and then immersion of the pipe as the oars progressively are assembled, is traditionally done, especially for submarine pipe laying at depths exceeding 1000m, or even greater than 2000 m, by a so-called J-laying method in which the suspended underwater pipe adopts a curved configuration between its point of attachment on the surface of the ship and its point of contact with the seabed, said shape corresponding to the mathematical curve called chain for which the radius of curvature regularly increases from the bottom to the surface.
• pose J This pose is called pose J because the shape of the portion of pipe suspended between the ship and the contact point on the seabed is improperly assimilated to a J-shaped.
• This pose J is described in many patents , in particular the patents on behalf of the applicant FR 2792991, FR 2793540 and FR 2801088.
• the pipe during assembly is maintained in the lower part of the laying tower J by an external clamp system, for example as described in the patent FR 2801088 of the applicant, over a length that does not exceed a few meters at most.
• the upper end of the pipe is conventionally lowered to the bottom of the sea by means of an abandonment device consisting of a drop cable wound on a abandonment winch. and whose end is fixed to the upper end of the pipe to be abandoned, as explained hereinafter in the detailed description with reference to FIG. 1.
• an abandonment device consisting of a drop cable wound on a abandonment winch. and whose end is fixed to the upper end of the pipe to be abandoned, as explained hereinafter in the detailed description with reference to FIG. 1.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new device and method for abandoning and recovering the end of pipe between a surface vessel and the seabed which do not have the disadvantages mentioned above when the bottom from the sea is located at great depth, especially more than 100m or more than 2000 and 3000 m.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for abandoning driving at great depth which are less bulky and less expensive than known winch and cable abandonment type equipment when adapting those to be able to abandon a pipe at great depth.
• the present invention provides a device for lowering or raising an underwater line between a surface vessel and the seabed, said pipe consisting of unitary driving elements assembled end to end, preferably by welding, said descent or ascent device being installed on board a laying ship and allowing at the end of assembly and laying pipe from said ship, to descend to the bottom of the sea the upper end of said pipe from the vessel, the other end of the pipe resting at the bottom of the sea and the remainder of the pipe being immersed in suspension preferably in a configuration substantially in the form of a chain-like curve, the said descent or ascent device comprising: a structure mounted on board said vessel forming a tower in an inclined position, of variable inclination, able to receive and maintain at least the unitary terminal pipe element the upper end of said pipe, the
• said movable gripper being able to be displaced in translation along said guide element by means of actuation in translation between a high position and a low position of said tower, said descent or ascent device being characterized in that:
• an abandonment chain attached to the upper end of said pipe extending within said tower to said mobile gripper by passing around a link guiding means, preferably a first pulley secured to said carriage, to then join a storage area where the free end of said chain is stored, the abandonment chain portion between said first pulley and said storage area being subject only to the tension due to its own weight,
• said mobile gripper being equipped with a first chain locking device able to block said abandonment chain when it is in a closed position and to release said link when said first locking device is in an open position,
• a second chain locking device being mounted at the lower end of said tower below said lower position of said gripper and the tower, able to lock said abandonment chain when said second locking device is in a closed position and releasing said chain when said second blocking device is in an open position.
• the present invention also provides a method of descent to a certain depth of immersion, preferably to the bottom of the sea, from a laying vessel of the upper end of an underwater pipe whose other end rests at the bottom of the sea, or upstream of said end from said submerged depth (H), preferably from the seabed to a surface vessel, said vessel being equipped with a device according to the invention.
• steps 1) and 2) repeating steps 1) and 2) to respectively lower or back up step by step the end of the pipe of a length corresponding to the distance traveled by said movable gripper between said high and low position of said mobile gripper along said tower, until the upper end of said pipe has descended to a desired submerged position (H), in particular the bottom of the sea (21) or respectively until the end of said pipe is raised to said vessel.
• H submerged position
• said actuating means in translation of said mobile gripper comprise at least a first cable, one end of which is wound on a first winch mounted on said tower, the other end of said first cable being fixed to said mobile gripper, said first cable extending between said first winch and said mobile gripper passing around a second deflection pulley mounted at the top of said tower, the winding of said first cable or respectively its unwinding allowing the ascent or respectively the descent of said mobile gripper.
• said first cable has a winding length around said first relatively short winch, since the length to be wound or unrolled during the raising or lowering of said mobile gripper type carriage substantially corresponds to the length of the tower of laying in J, about 50 m, for rowing of 25 to 50 m. Said first winch therefore has a relatively small footprint compared with the abandonment winch used in the prior art.
• the device according to the invention makes it possible for most of the tension experienced by the abandonment chain to be almost completely taken up by the structure of the J-laying tower, insofar as the various tension forces experienced by the chain of abandonment are directed in the longitudinal axial direction of the laying tower J, strictly in the axis of said tower.
• the storage area comprises a storage well of said chain and cooperates with a windlass near said well adapted to cooperate with said chain so as to allow the unwinding of said chain from said well during a said rise of said mobile gripper or respectively the storage of said chain inside said well during the descent of said mobile gripper.
• said abandonment chain guide means integral with the movable gripper preferably said first pulley is rotated during the ascent of said mobile gripper thereby allowing said chain to unwind from its storage area, and said first pulley is stationary in rotation and said chain abandonment is gradually stored in its storage area during the descent of the mobile gripper.
• said vessel comprises an additional device for lowering the end of the pipe making it possible to finalize the descent when the end of the pipe is close to the immersed level where it is desired to stabilize it, preferably close to the seabed, said device additional descent comprising a second cable called drop cable hooked to the end of the suspension chain and actuated from a second winch ditch drown aboard the ship, adapted to withstand a tension created by the weight a driving portion and the suspension suspension chain less than or equal to 500T at said abandoning winch, preferably a tension less than or equal to 250 T.
• this additional abandonment device is particularly useful when the end of a pipe is lowered from a ship to a depth greater than 1000 m, preferably 2000 m.
• the descent is finalized by means of a drop cable attached to the end of the suspension chain and actuated from an abandonment winch able to withstand the tension created by the weight of a portion of the suspended line and the suspended abandonment chain, the assembly creating a tension of less than or equal to 500T at the abandonment winch, when said driving end is deep enough so that the weight of the part of the suspension line and the suspending chain suspension create a voltage less than or equal to 500T, preferably less than or equal to 250 T at said abandonment winch.
• said structure mounted on board said vessel forming a tower in an inclined position is a tower of a submarine pipe laying device called J-laying device, said J-laying device comprising:
• said tower comprises an axis of rotation in the lower part adapted to allow said variable inclination of said tower; a lifting beam capable of being articulated in rotation with respect to said tower about the same said axis of rotation, said lifting beam; being able to support and raise at least a unitary pipe element, preferably a ream comprising 2 to 4 pipe elements joined by welding, from a horizontal position to a said inclined position so as to transfer said unitary element driving within said tower, said lifting beam being preferably actuated in rotation by means of a third cable, one end of which is wound on a third winch mounted on said tower the other end of said third cable being fixed to an attachment point on said lifting beam, said third cable extending between said third winch and said pout re raising by passing around at least a third deflection pulley mounted at the top of said tower, the winding of said third cable or respectively its unwinding allowing the raising or lowering of said lifting beam, and
• a support beam and orientation of the tower equipped with a rack device adapted to move said tower in rotation to vary its inclination and maintain said tower in a said inclined position.
• J-laying device makes it possible to use, as said mobile gripper, the descent or ascent device according to the invention, the trolleys and means for actuating the trolleys traditionally used in the J-tower devices, in addition to said carriage and the base of said tower in addition to the first and second self-locking corner gripping devices, said first and second chain locks according to the present invention.
• the additional equipment required according to the present invention to carry out the abandonment or the recovery of the pipe at the bottom of the sea thus consists of a said link or chain of abandonment and said first and second blocking devices of link or abandonment chain .
• said chain locking devices comprise two shoes arranged facing each other on both sides of the chain and capable of being actuated in displacement, preferably actuated by tilting. using two jacks, between a said closed position and said open position, the shape of said shoes allowing the blocking of the abandonment chain in said closed position.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the phase of abandonment at the end of laying in J according to the traditional technique using a drop winch and a drop cable mounted to the rear of a laying ship equipped with a J-laying tower;
• FIG. 1A and IB show in side view and in detail (Fig.lA), and in section (Fig IB) a said gripping device with self-locking corners seen from the detailed side (Fig IA) and in section at the interlocking corners (Fig. IB);
• FIGS. 2A and 2B are side views of the rear of a laying ship equipped with a device for descent or ascent of a pipe at the bottom of the sea, hereinafter referred to as an abandonment device according to the invention, comprising an abandonment chain supporting the tension of the pipe being abandoned before the descent of the carriage at the top of the tower (FIG 2A) and during descent (FIG 2B);
• FIG. 4 is a side view of a mobile carriage 5 of the laying tower J supporting an idler pulley 5-1 for guiding an abandonment chain 9 of a abandonment device according to the invention, whose first closed chain locking device is detailed in Figure 4A in side view, and in sectional view according to BB from above in Figure 4B; in Figures 4, 4A and 4B, the carriage descends to the lower part of the tower;
• FIGS. 5 and 7 are front views of a second chain locking device located in the lower part of the laying tower J shown in the open position (fig.5) and closed position (Fig.7);
• Figures 6 and 6A are side views similar to Figures 4 and 4A wherein the first chain lock device is in the open position, the carriage back to the top of the tower;
• FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of the phase of abandonment at the end of J-laying of an underwater pipe at great depth from a ship equipped with a J-shaped laying tower and an abandonment device according to the invention, at 3 successive stages A, B and C of said abandonment, for a connection of the end of the pipe 1-1 at a wellbore head 22 .
• FIG. 1 is a side view of a J-laying tower installed aboard an installation ship 2, constituted by a main structure or in the form of a tower 3 of variable inclination, orientable from substantially the horizontal to beyond the vertical by rotation about its axis of rotation 11 in the lower part of the tower.
• the laying device J also comprises a lifting beam 4 adapted to be articulated in rotation relative to said tower 3 about the same said axis of rotation 11.
• This lifting beam is able to support and raise at least one unit element of conduct la, generally a train comprising 2 to 4 unit elements of pipe joined by welding to each other, said train representing a length of 24 or 48 m. Said lifting beam is thus raised from a substantially horizontal position in which the unit driving element la, or the row to be assembled, is installed on said beam.
• said beam is actuated in rotation about the axis li by means of a said third cable 4-3 one end of which is wound on a third winch 4-2, the other end of the third cable 4-3 fixed at the end of the lifting beam 4, said third cable 4-3 passing around at least a third return pulley 4-1 at the top of said tower 3.
• the winding of said second cable on its winch allows the lifting beam to rise 4 to the level of inclination of the tower, and thus allows the transfer of the unit driving element la or row in said tower.
• Said third cable 4-3 is connected to the end of the lifting beam 4 at a point of attachment 4-4.
• the tower 3 cooperates with a second beam called support beam and orientation of the tower 6 equipped with a rack device 6-1, associated with a motor 6-2, able to move the tower in rotation to vary its inclination and thus maintain the tower stably in a said inclined position by adjusting the angle of inclination.
• the upper end of the train is apprehended by a said interlocking wedge grip device 10-2 supported by a movable carriage 5 equipped with wheels 5-7 allowing it to move in translation in the longitudinal axial direction XX 'of the tower along guide rails 3-1 between a high position (fig.lA) to a low position located substantially in the horizontal plane of the axis 11 of rotation of the tower, the new train has thus descended to come face the upper end emerging from the previously assembled pipe, a submerged portion is suspended along a curve in the form of chain to its point of contact with the seabed 21.
• the required abandonment cable 12-1 must be dimensioned accordingly, as well as the abandonment winch 12-2 and pulleys 12-3 which should then become considerably bulky and require significant locations and volumes available on the deck or in the hold of the ship.
• angle return pulleys 12-3 The multiplicity of these so-called angle return pulleys 12-3 is intended to ensure that the last pulley at the tower is subjected to tensions directed substantially in the direction of the axis of the tower XX 'at the level of the axis of said pulley.
• the abandonment device according to the present invention as shown in FIGS. 2 and following, and integrated in a J-laying device comprising a J-laying tower, comprises an abandonment chain 9 attached to the upper end. 1-1 of the pipe extending within the tower 3 in the axial longitudinal direction XX 'of the tower to a mobile carriage 5, then passes around a first idler pulley 5-1 integral with said carriage 5 for join a 9-1 storage well in the hold of ship 2, storage well 9-1 being equipped with a 9-2 motorized windlass.
• the drop chain portion 9c between said first pulley 5-1 and said windlass 9-2 is substantially subjected to only the tension due to its own weight.
• the abandonment device according to the present invention also comprises the mobile carriage 5 of a conventional J-laying tower, but said mobile carriage 5 is furthermore equipped with a said first chain-locking device 7.
• the abandonment device also comprises a second chain locking device 8 mounted in the lower part of the tower 3 just above said first interlocking wedge grip 10-1 in part. bottom of the tower 3, and, below the maximum low position of the movable carriage 5 in its descent stroke along the tower 3.
• the mobile carriage 5 is actuated in translation along the guide rail 3-1 extending in the axial longitudinal direction XX 'of the tower 3 by said first cables 5-4, one end of which is wound on a first winch 5-2.
• said self-locking corner gripping devices are known to those skilled in the art.
• said first and second chain locking devices as respectively represented in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5, 6A and 7 are also known to those skilled in the art and here consist of two shoes 7-1, 8-1 tilting flaps when actuated by cylinders 7-2 and 8-2.
• Said first chain lock device 7 is connected to the carriage 5 by arms
• the chain locking devices 7, 8 comprise two shoes 7-1, 8-1 disposed opposite each other on the one side and the other side of the chain and able to be actuated in displacement, preferably actuated by tilting, to using 2 cylinders 7-2,8-2, between a said closed position and a said open position, the shape of said shoes allowing the blocking of the abandonment chain in said closed position
• the shape of the end of the shoes 7-1, 8-1 makes it possible to maintain the chain 9 subjected to significant tensions of up to 1000 tons and / or more, the shape of said shoes being drawn according to the shape of the chain of way to hang at the level of a link stuck between the upper link and the link below.
• the end of the chain 9 is hooked to the end 1-1 of the assembled pipe, which is in the lower position of the tower, the carriage 5 also being in the lower part of said tower, the end of the pipe being held in tension by the first self-locking corner pipe gripping device 10-1, and the first chain locking device being in the open position .
• the carriage is moved towards the top of the tower, then arrived at the top position, the first chain locking device 7 integral with the carriage is locked and the tension is thus resumed by means of the carriage 5. Then, the first device of the carriage is unlocked. gripping with self-locking wedge 10-1. Then, said carriage is lowered along the tower 3, said second chain locking device in the lower position of the tower being always in the open position.
• the carriage 5 arrives at the bottom of the tower, it stops the descent, it blocks said abandonment chain with the aid of said second chain locking device at the bottom of the tower, it is unlocked, that is to say say one opens said first chain lock device integral with the carriage 5, and the carriage 5 is raised to the top of the tower.
• the abandonment chain 9 supports the weight of the submerged suspension pipe.
• the chain portion 9a within the tower is subjected essentially only to the tension due to its own weight.
• the part of the chain 9c between the pulley 5-1 integral with the carriage 5 and the windlass 9-2 near the well of storage 9-1 is essentially subjected only to a tension due to its own weight.
• the drop chain 9 cooperates with the windlass 9-2, so as to allow the unwinding of the chain from the well 9-2 during the rise of the carriage 5 or the storage of the chain inside the well during the descent of the trolley 5.
• Said first pulley 5-1 is driven in a rotational movement during the ascent of the mobile carriage 5 while said first pulley 5-1 is stationary in rotation during the descent of the mobile carriage 5.
• FIG. 2A shows in side view the abandonment device according to the invention in the initial phase of abandonment corresponding to the displacement of the boat from position A to position B in FIG. abandonment is able to maintain the tension created by the suspended pipe, for example 1000 tons. It is connected to the upper end 1-1 of the pipe and then locked by the first chain locking device 7 at the carriage 5 in the tower, then turned on the idler pulley 5-1 to reach a second motorized pulley playing the role of windlass 9-2 to finally reach its storage area, for example at the storage shaft 9-1 located at the bottom of the hold of the ship 2.
• the abandonment chain is subjected to traction corresponding to the load of the weight of 1000 tons of the pipe in suspension, said traction being strictly in the axis XX 'of the tower so that the entirety of the load is then transferred to the structure of the tower 3 in the axial direction , that is to say in the best conditions of compression and bending, the axis of rotation 11 at the base of the tower only undergoing a shear.
• the orientation beam 6 of the tower 3 also undergoes only limited efforts because the suspension chain portion in suspension 9c from the idler pulley 5-1 to the well 9-1 is not under tension, which induces in the structure of said tower 3 only minimal eccentric forces caused by the own weight of said abandonment chain 9, while the main load of 1000 tonnes is transmitted to said tower perfectly axial.
• J-laying tower means such as the lift beam 4 have not been shown in Figures 2A and 2B.
• FIGS. 3, 5 and 7 show different views respectively in section along AA in plan view (FIG. 3) and in side view (FIGS. 5 and 7) of said second chain locking device 8, first chain lock device 7 being shown in side view in FIGS. 4A and 6A, and in section from above in FIG. 4B according to BB.
• the abandonment chain 9 is represented in dark 9b when it is subjected to the abandoning voltage, that is to say when it supports the weight of the pipe immersed in suspension and clear 9a when it is subjected only to its own weight.
• the sequence shown in Figures 4, 4A and 5 corresponds to the descent of the carriage 5 in the bottom of the tower and therefore to the descent of the upper end of the pipe to the seabed, in synchronization with the progress of the ship 2, as explained above with regard to FIG.
• the first chain lock device 7 is in the closed position and the second chain lock device 8 located in the lower part of the tower in the plane AA is in the open position.
• the cylinders 8-2 of the second chain lock device 8 are actuated to close the shoes 8-1, which allows the load to be taken up at the base of the tower substantially in the plane AA, as shown in FIG. 7.
• the shoes 7-2 of the first chain lock device 7 are then opened as shown in FIG. 6A, which enables the carriage 5 to be raised without winding the pipe upwards of the tower, said ascent having the effect of rotating the pulley 9-1 counterclockwise and to extract concomitant well 9-2 the amount of chain 9 required, said chain 9 is always subjected substantially only its own weight.
• the shoes 7-1 of the first chain lock device 7 are then closed again as shown in FIG. 4A, then the tension is taken up by the carriage 5 at the level of the first 5.
• the shoes 8-2 of the second chain locking device 8 are open and a new cycle of descent of the carriage and the chain and thus a new immersion cycle of the end.
• the upper line of pipe 1-1 towards the sea floor resumes as previously explained.
• the descent is performed step by step or to a depth of immersion H, the length of each of the steps corresponding to the distance of the carriage between the high position and the low position of travel of the carriage in the tower .
• FIG. 8 shows several phases of the step of abandoning a pipe 1 from a ship 2 at great depth.
• the vessel heading towards a wellhead 22 disposed at the bottom of the sea 21 at which the end of the pipe 1-1 is to be connected.
• the upper end 1-1 of the pipe is connected to an abandonment chain 9, approaches the wellhead 22 at the bottom of the sea and its depth decreases. to a depth H when the vessel is in position B.
• the weight of the portion of the submerged suspension line between the point of contact at the bottom of the sea and the upper end 1-1 of the pipe decreases as the lower end 1-1 is lowered.
• the weight of the underwater suspension portion of the pipe may for example represent 1000 tonnes for laying at a depth of more than 2000 m.
• the vessel 2 advances so as to maintain a chain-shaped curvature at the contact with the sea. seabed until reaching position B at a depth H in which the upper end 1-1 of the suspended pipe is at a depth H such that the weight of the suspended pipe plus the weight of the abandonment to the surface, represents a voltage, for example 400 tons, suitable for recovery by a abandonment cable 12-1 cooperating with a traditional abandonment winch 12-2 as shown in FIG. 1.
• the abandonment phase continues according to the traditional method with the drop cable 12-1 and the abandonment winch 12-2, the ship moving to a position C, this last phase of abandonment to more precisely adjust the end 1-1 of the pipe when connected to the wellhead 22.
• a steel pipe of external diameter 610mm and thickness 44.45mm empty weighs in the air 625kg / m and empty in water 538kg / m, which, for a laying by 1750m of depth of water and with a radius of curvature at the point of contact with the ground of 300m, gives a maximum tension at the level of the laying tower in J of 1102 tons.
• the tension in the chain when the end of the pipe is deposited on the bottom of the sea is 641 tons, and the chain length deviated is approximately 2200m, which represents an overall approximate chain weight of 693 tons.
• the same steel pipe of external diameter 610mm and thickness 44.45mm empty weighs in the air 625kg / m and empty in water 538kg / m, which gives for a laying by HOOm of depth of water and with a radius of curvature at the point of contact with the ground of 300m, a maximum tension at the level of the laying tower in J of 752 tons.
• we use a chain of 95mm in diameter, of offshore quality-R5, with a breaking load of about 1050OkN, or about 1065 tons, which gives a safety factor of about K 1.42.
• the deviated chain then corresponds to an overall length of 1150 m, which represents a chain weight of 228 tons, while if the chain was used until the final removal on the bottom, the necessary length would be of the order of 1650m, which represents a chain weight of 327 tons, that is to say a surplus of 43%.
• the invention allows in this case a very significant gain in terms of the cost of the chain, as well as in terms of volume and space with respect to the size of the required chain well.
• the chain is stored in a well integrated with the laying ship, but it can just as easily be stored flat on the deck. It is advantageous to store said chain directly on a barge or a ship positioned in pairs with the laying ship during the only duration of the abandonment or recovery operations, which in this case makes it possible to minimize the bulk of the deck or the holds of the ship. deposit.
• the abandonment winch 12-2 has been described as being a conventional winch, but it remains in the spirit of the invention using for this function a winch-capstan, or a linear winch, these types of winches being known from the skilled person.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-01-10 FR FR0752612A patent/FR2911173B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-01-10 EP EP08761923A patent/EP2100065A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-01-10 WO PCT/FR2008/050050 patent/WO2008099109A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-01-10 US US12/522,611 patent/US8292544B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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